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Sheaves, Marcus, Ross Johnston, and Kátya Abrantes. "Fish fauna of dry tropical and subtropical estuarine floodplain wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 10 (2007): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06246.
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Estuarine floodplain wetland pools occur adjacent to marine coasts and estuaries throughout the world. In Australia’s dry tropics and sub-tropics, low and irregular rainfall means estuarine wetland pools are isolated for much of the time, resulting in varied within-pool conditions, with chemistry ranging from fresh to hypersaline, depending on the balance between freshwater and marine inputs and the time between connections. Varied physical conditions and irregular connectivity provide the potential for substantial faunal difference among pools. The present study compares the compositions and structures of the fish fauna of a broad cross section of estuarine wetland pools adjacent to the estuary of the Fitzroy River, one of the largest rivers in Australia’s dry tropical/subtropical zone. Ten pools were sampled between February 2004 and May 2005. The total species richness was low, with the 6123 fish recorded over the study, comprising only 44 species. This low species richness was reflected at the individual pool level, with a maximum total richness of 25 species in a single pool. Different pools had faunas that differed as a function of the proportion of the community comprised of marine spawned, compared with freshwater spawned, species. This was a reflection of the extent of connectivity to freshwater and marine systems, which determined both the physical nature of pools and the sources of faunal supply. Despite faunal differences among pools, at a functional level pool fish faunas were dominated by detritivores, regardless of pool type, size, season or connectedness.
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Crisci-Bispo, Vera L., Pitágoras C. Bispo, and Claudio G. Froehlich. "Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera assemblages in litter in a mountain stream of the Atlantic Rainforest from Southeastern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 3 (2007): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000300004.
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The study of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera associated with litter in southeastern Brazil streams aimed to answer the following questions: 1) Does richness and composition of EPT fauna differ between riffle and pool mesohabitats despite being associated to the same substratum, litter? 2) Does the similarity of the EPT fauna between both mesohabitats change with time? 3) Does the EPT functional feeding structure differ between both mesohabitats (riffles-pools)? In order to answer these questions, monthly collections, from November 1999 to June 2000, were done in Ribeirão (Stream) Bocaina with a D-net (10 litter patches in riffles and 10 in pools). The EPT fauna at Ribeirão Bocaina was more diversified and more abundant in the litter in riffles than in the litter in pools, although, when richness was standardized for the same number of individuals it became similar in both conditions. EPT fauna was very different between both mesohabitats in terms of faunal composition as well as in terms of function. Probably it was due to differences in water speed, in the time of litter residence and in the concentration of dissolved oxygen between both mesohabitats.
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Martens, Koen, Reuven Ortal, and Claude Meisch. "The ostracod fauna of Mamilla Pool (Jerusalem, Israel) (Crustacea, Ostracoda)." Zoology in the Middle East 7, no. 1 (January 1992): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1992.10637628.
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Simms, Angela, Meaghan Scott, Simon Watson, and Steve Leonard. "Attenuated post-fire fauna succession: the effects of surrounding landscape context on post-fire colonisation of fauna." Wildlife Research 46, no. 3 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18131.
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Context After fire, immigration from outside burnt areas is important for the recovery of faunal communities. However, for recovery to occur, the matrix around the fire must support source populations of immigrants. Therefore, the landscape context of fires may be a critical determinant of the species pool available for (re)colonisation, hence post-fire community composition. Increasingly, fires occur in fragmented systems, and there is limited knowledge of how the surrounding landscape interacts with post-fire community recovery. Aim The present study aimed to examine how landscape context influences faunal communities after large wildfires. Methods Three reserves burnt by wildfire were examined ~18 months before the study in the Mallee region of south-eastern Australia. In all cases the burnt area consisted of natural mallee woodland. Two fires occurred within a matrix of extensive natural vegetation, while the third fire burnt >80% of a reserve situated within a highly fragmented, largely agricultural landscape. Birds, reptiles and mammals were surveyed at 90 sites inside and outside the fire boundaries, and relationships of species occurrence to reserve location, burnt versus unburnt status and distance from fire edge were all examined. Key results Post-fire faunal communities reflected the species in the surrounding unburnt landscape. Notably, open habitat specialists, invasive species and species that can persist in small habitat patches were prominent within the fragmented system. Post-fire fauna communities were also influenced by variation of the natural vegetation surrounding the fire. The occurrence of species with low dispersal ability (i.e. reptiles) was influenced by local (patch scale) vegetation structure. 2Conclusions The landscape context of fires is a major driver of the composition of post-fire faunal communities. Our results highlight the potential loss of species sensitive to fragmentation from fire-prone natural vegetation within modified landscapes, and that a reduced pool of potential immigrants leads to ‘attenuated succession’, compromising recovery of the pre-fire community. Implications Post-fire colonists reflect the surrounding landscapes species pool, such that reserves surrounded by fragmented or otherwise low quality habitat are at risk of attenuated succession after fire. Landscape context should be incorporated into conservation planning in fire-prone ecosystems, including consideration of surrounding habitat quality and connectivity and protecting long unburnt vegetation.
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Setyaningsih, Luluk, Sofyan Iskandar, Budi Santoso, Marly Ancelina Pandin, Agus Kurniawan, Distiya Margasari, and Oktaviani Andarista. "Biodiversity of Mangrove Pool Ecosystem in PT Antam UBPP Logam Mulia." JURNAL SAINS NATURAL 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v13i1.464.
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Planting Mangroves in the ponds of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia, Pulogadung, Jakarta, is one of the environmental management activities in the reforestation area as a form of social and environmental responsibility. The existence of mangrove plants in ponds which have reached the age of 2 years recently, could have an ecological impact. Field observations were made by measuring the type and density of flora in the pond by census, and the frequency of biological encounters based on time search for fauna. The results showed that there were 4 types of plants in the ponds, namely mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata), lotus (Nymphaea lotus), needle grass (Adropogon aciculatus), and Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri). Identified as many as 11 species of fauna, 5 species of insects, 1 species of aves, 1 species of macro benthic, and 3 species of fish. The diversity index of flora and fauna in the ponds was still in the low category (H' < 1). The growth of R. mucronata type mangroves aged 2 years in ponds reached an average height of 47 cm with a diameter of 1.3 cm, with a total biomass of 36.77 kg and contributed to absorbing CO2 of 54.41 kg or 5.4 ton/ha. Biodiversity in the pond ecosystem of PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia has the potential to continue to grow and contribute to carbon sequestration.Keywords: Pool; Mangroves; Biodiversity; Rhizophora mucronataABSTRAKKeanekargaman Hayati Ekosistem Kolam Mangrove Kawasan PT Antam Tbk. UPBB Logam MuliaPenanaman mangrove pada kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia di Pulogadung, merupakan salah satu kegiatan pengelolaan lingkungan di area penghijauan sebagai wujud tanggung jawab sosial dalam mendukung pelestarian lingkungan. Keberadaan tanaman mangrove pada kolam yang saat ini telah mencapai umur 2 tahun, diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak ekologis. Untuk mengetahui dampak tersebut dilakukan observasi lapangan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis dan kerapatan tumbuhan secara sensus, dilakukan juga perhitungan frekuensi pertemuan jenis fauna berdasarkan periode tertentu (time search). Hasil pengamatan menunjukan terdapat sebanyak 4 jenis tumbuhan pada kolam, yaitu mangrove (Rhizophora mucronate Poir.), teratai (Nymphaea lotusL.), rumput jarum (Adropogon aciculatus Retz.), dan lumut (Taxiphyllum barbieri). Teridentifikasi sebanyak 11 jenis flora, 5 jenis insekta, 1 jenis aves, 1 jenis makro bentos, dan 3 jenis ikan. Indeks Keanekaragaman flora dan fauna pada kolam masih dalam katagori rendah (H’< 1). Pertumbuhan mangrove jenis R. mucronata umur 2 tahun pada kolam mencapai rata-rata tinggi 47 cm dengan diameter 1,3 cm, dengan biomasa total mencapai 36,77 kg dan berkontribusi dalam menyerap CO2 sebesar 5,4 ton/ha. Biodiversitas pada ekosistem kolam PT Antam Tbk UBPP Logam Mulia berpotensi senantiasa berkembang dan berkontribusi dalam penyerapan karbon.Kata kunci: Kolam; Mangrove; Indeks keanekaragaman hayati; Rhizophora mucronata
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Gonzalez, Brett, Alejandro Martínez, Jørgen Olesen, Sarit Truskey, Lauren Ballou, Marc Allentoft-Larsen, Joost Daniels, et al. "Anchialine biodiversity in the Turks and Caicos Islands: New discoveries and current faunal composition." International Journal of Speleology 49, no. 2 (May 2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.49.2.2316.
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Lying at the southernmost point of the Lucayan Archipelago, the Turks and Caicos Islands are amongst the better studied localities for anchialine cave biodiversity. For nearly five decades, novel invertebrate fauna, comprised primarily of crustaceans, have been collected from these tidally influenced pools – but new findings are always on the horizon. Herein we present new records of crustaceans and annelids from anchialine blue holes and horizontal caves of the Turks and Caicos. These findings include two potentially new species of meiofaunal annelids and a new species of remipede collected from a shallow water cave pool. Our 2019 expedition additionally expands known faunal distributions for several taxa across the Caicos islands, and raises the biodiversity of the region to 35 species, 13 of them considered endemic. This is the first comprehensive faunal list for the anchialine systems in the Caicos Bank.
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CHIKHLYAEV, IGOR V., ALEXANDER B. RUCHIN, and ALEXANDER I. FAYZULIN. "Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages." Nusantara Bioscience 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n100410.
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Abstract. Chikhlyaev IV, Ruchin AB, Fayzulin AI. 2018. Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 1. Adult stages. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 256-262. The paper presents data on fauna of trematodes of a pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from 13 regions of the Volga basin (Russia). It consolidates data from different authors over the past 80 years, supplemented by our own research results. There are authentically known findings of 19 trematodes species at an adult stage of development. Three species of trematodes make the basis of helminth fauna: Pneumonoeces variegatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae and Diplodiscus subclavatus. By all species of helminths the following data are provided: taxonomic position, localization, area of detection, biology, definitive hosts, geographic distribution and the degree host-specificity.
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Lamsdell, James C., Linda Lagebro, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Graham E. Budd, and Pierre Gueriau. "Stylonurine eurypterids from the Strud locality (Upper Devonian, Belgium): new insights into the ecology of freshwater sea scorpions." Geological Magazine 156, no. 10 (January 30, 2019): 1708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000936.
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AbstractThe Upper Famennian (Upper Devonian) Strud locality has yielded very abundant and diversified flora as well as vertebrate and arthropod faunas. The arthropod fauna, mostly recovered from fine shales deposited in a calm, confined floodplain habitat including temporary pools, has delivered a putative insect and various crustaceans including eumalacostracans and notostracan, spinicaudatan and anostracan branchiopods. Here we present the Strud eurypterids, consisting of semi-articulated juvenile specimens assigned to Hardieopteridae recovered from the pool and floodplain deposits, as well as larger isolated fragments of potential adults recovered from stratigraphically lower, coarser dark sandy layers indicative of a higher-energy fluvial environment. The Strud fossils strongly suggest that, as proposed for some Carboniferous eurypterids, juvenile freshwater eurypterids inhabited sheltered nursery pools and migrated to higher-energy river systems as they matured.
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Tarkowska-Kukuryk, Monika. "Environmental Drivers of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages within Peat Pool Habitat-Implication for Bioassessment." Water 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172369.
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Macroinvertebrates are a crucial component of wetland trophic webs. Many taxa are used as bioindicators of ecosystem change. However, relationships between macroinvertebrates and the environmental factors in peat pool habitats are still not well recognized. The present study shows the results of long-term studies during the years 2010–2020, on the responses of macroinvertebrates to the changes of environmental variables in a peat pool habitat formed as a result of peat exploitation on continental raised bog. The RDA analysis significantly explained 87.3% of the variance in macroinvertebrates abundances. Assemblages of most taxa (Anisoptera, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Coleoptera, Hydrachnidia and Tabanidae) showed a strong relationship with N-NO3 and pH. Moreover, densities of Chaoboridae larvae were explained by chlorophyll-a concentrations. Dominant taxon, Chironomidae, constituted from 48% to 87% of total faunal density. The highest proportions showed larvae of Psectrocladius sp. (gr. sordidellus) and Chironomus sp. Changes in the composition of macroinvertebrate fauna over a period of 10 years reflect the eutrophication process of the peat pool and deterioration of habitat conditions.
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Anjos, L. A., C. F. D. Rocha, D. Vrcibradic, and J. J. Vicente. "Helminths of the exotic lizard Hemidactylus mabouia from a rock outcrop area in southeastern Brazil." Journal of Helminthology 79, no. 4 (December 2005): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2005288.
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AbstractThe helminth fauna of 291 Hemidactylus mabouia (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from a rock outcrop area in the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, was studied. Five species were recovered, namely one unidentified species of centrorhynchid acanthocephalan (present only as cystacanths) and the nematodes Parapharyngodon sceleratus, P. largitor (Oxyuroidea: Pharingodonidae), Physaloptera sp. (Spiruroidea: Physalopteridae) and one indeterminate species of Acuariidae (Acuaroidea), with the latter two forms present only as larvae. Infection rates tended to increase with host size, but appeared to be unaffected by season. Hemidactylus mabouia shared most of its helminth fauna with two other sympatric lizard hosts, Mabuya frenata and Tropidurus itambere. The helminth assemblage of the H. mabouia population appears to have been entirely acquired by this exotic gecko from the local helminth species pool, rather than possessing any species from the parasite faunas of the original African populations.
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Miller, Andrew C. "Mussel Fauna Associated with Wing Dams in Pool 7 of the Mississippi River." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 4, no. 3 (June 1988): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1988.9665179.
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Passos, Ana Carolina dos, Riguel Feltrin Contente, Ciro Colodetti Vilar de Araujo, Felippe Alexandre Lisboa de Miranda Daros, Henry Louis Spach, Vinícius Abilhôa, and Luis Fernando Fávaro. "Fishes of Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, South West Atlantic." Biota Neotropica 12, no. 3 (September 2012): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032012000300022.
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The objective of this work was to present an updated checklist of the currently known fishes in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC) and provides comments on conservation status for the treated species. We used a large dataset derived from a pool of studies which have been conducted within there along the last 30 years. Each study was based on monthly samplings and conducted in several estuarine habitat; thus, the pool covers practically all estuarine habitats and takes into account the seasonal cycle in the system. The PEC ichthyofauna represents a mixture between that fauna typical from the tropical Brazilian coast and that with affinities of temperate Argentinean and Uruguayan zones. The PEC harbors a rich fish fauna of 213 species, inserted in the families that are common along the Brazilian coast. Only a minor part (8%) of the PEC fish fauna was evaluated as regards the conservation status, mostly because of the lack of basic biological and ecological information for most species. Despite part of the among-estuaries differences are due to different and incomplete sampling efforts, the richness in the PEC is surprisingly higher than other systems in Brazil and around world, which emphasize the importance of the region for global biodiversity conservation.
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Körmendi, Sándor. "Zooplankton vizsgálatok gemenci vizes élőhelyeken." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 10 (2007): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2007.10.121.
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Between March and September in 1994 we examined the Crustacea and Rotatoria fauna of five different water bodies (Duna, Sió, dead arms and temporary pool) in Gemenc. During the period of the investigation we determined altogether 38 Rotatoria taxons, 10 Cladocera taxons, 6 Copepoda taxons.
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CHIKHLYAEV, IGOR V., ALEXANDER B. RUCHIN, and ALEXANDER I. FAYZULIN. "Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 2. Larval stages." Nusantara Bioscience 11, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n110118.
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Abstract. Chikhlyaev IV, Ruchin AB, Fayzulin AI. 2019. Short communication: An overview of the trematodes fauna of the pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) in the Volga Basin, Russia: 2. Larval stages. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 106-111. This paper presents data on the trematodes fauna of the pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from 13 regions of the Volga Basin. It consolidates data from different authors over the past 30 years, supplemented by our own research results. There are authentically known findings of 10 trematodes species at the larval stage of development. The species Codonocephalus urniger (Rudolphi, 1819), mtc., Neodiplostomum spathoides Dubois, 1937, mtc. and Pharyngostomum cordatum (Diesing, 1850), mtc. have been observed for the first time in the given host on the territory of Russia and Volga basin. For each species of trematodes, there is the following information is included: taxonomic position, localization, area of detection, biology, definitive hosts, geographic distribution and degree of host-specificity.
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Seersholm, Frederik V., Theresa L. Cole, Alicia Grealy, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Karen Greig, Michael Knapp, Michael Stat, et al. "Subsistence practices, past biodiversity, and anthropogenic impacts revealed by New Zealand-wide ancient DNA survey." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 30 (July 9, 2018): 7771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803573115.
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New Zealand’s geographic isolation, lack of native terrestrial mammals, and Gondwanan origins make it an ideal location to study evolutionary processes. However, since the archipelago was first settled by humans 750 y ago, its unique biodiversity has been under pressure, and today an estimated 49% of the terrestrial avifauna is extinct. Current efforts to conserve the remaining fauna rely on a better understanding of the composition of past ecosystems, as well as the causes and timing of past extinctions. The exact temporal and spatial dynamics of New Zealand’s extinct fauna, however, can be difficult to interpret, as only a small proportion of animals are preserved as morphologically identifiable fossils. Here, we conduct a large-scale genetic survey of subfossil bone assemblages to elucidate the impact of humans on the environment in New Zealand. By genetically identifying more than 5,000 nondiagnostic bone fragments from archaeological and paleontological sites, we reconstruct a rich faunal record of 110 species of birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and marine mammals. We report evidence of five whale species rarely reported from New Zealand archaeological middens and characterize extinct lineages of leiopelmatid frog (Leiopelma sp.) and kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) haplotypes lost from the gene pool. Taken together, this molecular audit of New Zealand’s subfossil record not only contributes to our understanding of past biodiversity and precontact Māori subsistence practices but also provides a more nuanced snapshot of anthropogenic impacts on native fauna after first human arrival.
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Larson, D. J., and N. L. House. "INSECT COMMUNITIES OF NEWFOUNDLAND BOG POOLS WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ODONATA." Canadian Entomologist 122, no. 3 (June 1990): 469–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent122469-5.
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AbstractThe arthropod and annelid fauna of a series of small, acidic pools in a domed, ombrotrophic bog on the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, was studied over the ice-free season of 1986. Pools were assigned to four classes on the basis of their surface area (<1; 1.1–10; 10.1–100; >100 m2) and at least two 1-m2 (entire pool if area <1 m2) substrate samples, plankton samples, and moss samples were taken from pools of each size class biweekly. One hundred and thirty-one taxa, most identified to the species level, were collected. Taxa varied in abundance between pools of various size classes and, using Cluster Analysis and TWINSPAN, two principal communities were identified. Oligochaetes, beetles, and mosquitoes dominated small, astatic pools and odonates, chironomids, and several other taxa predominated in large, stable, vegetated pools. Water level stability is postulated to be the principal factor determining this community structure. Within large pools, odonate larvae were the dominant predators and comprised the majority of the standing crop. Odonate larvae have life cycles of 2 or more years; their slow growth is probably due to prey limitation. Odonate larvae potentially exert a powerful predation pressure within the large pool community, and may be the principal biotic factor determining abundance and distribution of prey taxa within the bog pool system.
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Rosa, BFJV, RT Martins, and RG Alves. "Distribution of oligochaetes in a stream in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.02313.
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The oligochaetes are considered good indicators of ecological conditions and specific types of habitats. Among the factors that influence the distribution of these invertebrates are the water flow and the nature of the substrate. The aim of this study is to describe the composition and distribution of oligochaete species in a first-order stream in Atlantic Forest and try to identify if some species are associated with characteristics of particular types of habitats. In the dry season and in the rainy season, sand and litter samples in two riffle areas and two pool areas were collected in different parts along the stream using a hand net. The greatest observed richness and abundance occurred in sand in the pool, however the greatest estimated richness was obtained for litter in the pool. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed effect of the different types of habitat on the abundance and richness of oligochaetes. The Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Multiresponse Permutation Procedure analysis (MRPP) indicated that the variation in the fauna composition had relation with different types of substrates. The indicator species analysis showed that Limnodrilus. hoffmeisteri was an indicator species in both the riffle sand and pool sand and Pristina americana was only an indicator in the pool sand. The high organic matter content in both sandy habitats probably favored the greater abundance of oligochaetes. The results showed that the substrate constitutes an important factor for the local distribution of these invertebrates in streams. The variation of the community structure among mesohabitats and the presence of indicator species of specific types of habitats in the stream demonstrate the importance of environmental heterogeneity for the oligochaetes fauna in forested streams.
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Ogawa, Guilherme Maerschner, Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior, Fábio Resadore, Ricardo de Godoi Mattos Ferreira, Jansen Fernandes Medeiros, and Luis Marcelo Aranha Camargo. "Sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) from caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 25, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016017.
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Abstract This study had the aim of ascertaining the sandfly fauna and possible presence ofLeishmania in these insects, collected in caves in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Collections were conducted in eight caves located in two different areas of this state. Leishmania in the sandflies collected was detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This was the first study on sandflies from caves in Rondônia and, among the total of 1,236 individuals collected, 24 species and 10 genera were identified. The speciesEvandromyia georgii was collected for the first time in Rondônia and the most abundant species were Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis with 448 individuals (36.2%), followed by T. octavioi with 283 (22.9%) and E. georgii with 179 (14.5%). For the PCR, 17 pools were analyzed and five pools were positive (forT. auraensis in three pools and for Nyssomyia shawi and N. antunesi in one pool each). The kDNA region was amplified and the presence of Leishmania DNA was confirmed. The sandfly fauna in these caves can be considered diverse in comparison with similar studies in other regions. It may be that some species use caves as a temporary shelter and breeding site, while other species live exclusively in this environment. The detection of LeishmaniaDNA indicates that this pathogen is circulating in cave environments and that further studies are needed in order to ascertain the risks of infection by leishmaniasis in these locations with high touristic potential.
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G L Das, Pramod Kumar, and Atul Garg. "Assessment of marine environment by ABC (abundance biomass comparison) analysis—A case study on western offshore area of Arabian Sea." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 02, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.2.1.0027.
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Assessment of the variations in marine ecosystem can be effectively monitored using benthic fauna because pollutants from any source will ultimately end in the seabed. The benthic communities play an important role in the transfer of materials from primary production through detrital pool into higher tropic levels, including commercially exploitable fish. Majority of the benthic fauna are sedentary and sessile in nature and cannot avoid any environmental perturbation, hence are considered sensitive indicator of change in the environment caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Based on the analysis of abundance and biomass of benthic communities, one very important and effective study in analyzing marine environment i.e. ABC (Abundance-Biomass Comparison) has been adopted in this paper.
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Ebner, Brendan C., Christopher J. Fulton, Stephen Cousins, James A. Donaldson, Mark J. Kennard, Jan-Olaf Meynecke, and Jason Schaffer. "Filming and snorkelling as visual techniques to survey fauna in difficult to access tropical rainforest streams." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 2 (2015): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13339.
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Dense tropical rainforest, waterfalls and shallow riffle-run-pool sequences pose challenges for researcher access to remote reaches of streams for surveying aquatic fauna, particularly when using capture-based collecting techniques (e.g. trapping, backpack and boat electrofishing). We compared the detection of aquatic species (vertebrates and invertebrates >1cm in body length) within pool habitats of a rainforest stream obtained by two visual techniques during both the wet and dry season: active visual survey by snorkelling and baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVSs). Snorkelling detected more species than a single BRUVS at each site, both within and among seasons. Snorkelling was most effective for recording the presence and abundance of diurnally active small-bodied species (adult size <150mm total length), although both techniques were comparable in detecting large-bodied taxa (turtles, fish and eels). On the current evidence, snorkelling provides the most sensitive and rapid visual technique for detecting rainforest stream fauna. However, in stream sections dangerous to human observers (e.g. inhabited by crocodiles, entanglement, extreme flows), we recommend a stratified deployment of multiple BRUVSs across a range of stream microhabitats within each site.
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Simonis, Joseph L., and Julie C. Ellis. "Bathing birds bias β-diversity: Frequent dispersal by gulls homogenizes fauna in a rock-pool metacommunity." Ecology 95, no. 6 (June 2014): 1545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-1185.1.
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Tsurumi, Maia, and Verena Tunnicliffe. "Characteristics of a hydrothermal vent assemblage on a volcanically active segment of Juan de Fuca Ridge, northeast Pacific." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 530–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-005.
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An eruption on Cleft segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, in 1986 provided an opportunity to observe potential successional patterns in vent-animal colonisation. Other objectives were to describe the Cleft fauna, examine the distribution and abundance of selected taxa, and determine if the fauna reflected changes in water chemistry. Biological samples were tubeworm grabs collected by submersible, and visual data were still photographs and videos. Two years post eruption, there were extensive diffuse vents and 23 of the 44 species constituting the Cleft species pool were present. Five years post eruption, most low-temperature vents were extinct. High-temperature venting was maintained, and biological communities were reduced in visual extent. Four of the 44 species in samples from 1988-1994 accounted for over 90% of the individuals. Cluster analyses of species collected on tubes did not distinguish year or substratum differences, suggesting that a study of less than a year is necessary to document successional patterns at new vents. The Cleft subset of the Juan de Fuca Ridge species pool is likely adapted to episodic eruptive events on the decadal scale. Major changes in fluid chemistry did not result in detectable community changes other than habitat loss due to a decrease in dissolved sulphide availability.
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Myšák, Jan, and Jitka Horáčková. "Malakofauna údolí Tiché Orlice [Mollusc fauna of the Tichá Orlice River valley]." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 10 (June 20, 2011): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mab2011-10-38.
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Altogether, 78 terrestrial mollusc species were recorded on 31 plots in a stretch of the Tichá Orlice River valley between the cities Choceň and Letohrad (East Bohemia, Czech Republic) in 2007 and 2009. This region harbours 46% of the total terrestrial mollusc fauna of the Czech Republic. The fairly high species richness corresponds to a high habitat diversity and species pool of the region that includes Alpine and Carpathian elements. Of prime conservation importance is a high share of rare and endangered species (EN-2, VU-9, NT-14 species) and species mostly having an isolated population there from the main distribution range. This region is a real hotspot of forest gastropods in Transalpine Europe.
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Mezhzherin, S. V., V. S. Kostyuk, A. V. Garbar, E. I. Zhalai, and P. S. Kutishchev. "The Thick-clawed Crayfish, Astacus pachypus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidae), in Ukraine: Karyotype, Allozymes and Morphological Parameters / Толстопалый рак, Astacus pachypus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Astacidae), в Украине: кариотип, ал- лозимы и морфологические параметры." Vestnik Zoologii 49, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0004.
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Abstract Allozymic, karyological and morphological analyzes confirmed the presence of the Thick-clawed crayfish, Astacus pachypus (Rathke, 1837), in Ukraine. Th is rare species in Ukraine is found only in two small adjacent localities restricted to the Lower Dnieper. It is characterized by a unique set of chromosomes (2n = 116) and a distinct pool of allozymes, allowing, together with morphological features, to clearly distinguish it from the other three species of the Ukrainian fauna.
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Gallé, Róbert, Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, Andreea-Rebeka Zsigmond, Boróka Könczey, and István Urák. "Tree species and microhabitat affect forest bog spider fauna." European Journal of Forest Research 140, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-021-01359-y.
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AbstractPeat bogs are among the most threatened habitats in Central Europe. They are characterized by stagnant water with low pH and lower nutrient content compared to the surrounding habitats. The flora and fauna of peat bogs comprised of many habitat specialist and rare species. We explored the differences in spider fauna of European spruce and Scots pine forests. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of microhabitat diversity in the bog forests of the Poiana Stampei peat bog complex, Bucovina, Romania. We collected numerous rare and cold-adapted species. .We found a strong effect of forest type, presumably due to the different microclimatic conditions of the forests. European spruce forests had lower species richness of ground-dwelling fauna than Scots pine forests; however, we found contradictory results for vegetation-dwelling species richness. Hummocks had a more positive effect on the ground-dwelling spiders of Scots pine than in European spruce forests, presumably due to the more open structure of sphagnum hummocks than ground level. However, this effect was negative for vegetation dwellers. The cold-adapted species with restricted ranges are vulnerable to climate change, and bogs may serve as important micro-refugia for them. Central European bogs are isolated and highly threatened by anthropogenic activities, such as drainage, peat extraction, and eutrophication. The deterioration habitat quality of peat bogs will result in a significant loss in the regional species pool of the Carpathians.
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Myšák, Jan. "Malakofauna PR Hemže-Mýtkov [Mollusc fauna of the Hemže-Mýtkov Nature Reserve]." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 8 (November 24, 2009): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/mab2009-8-56.
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Altogether, 78 mollusc species were recorded in the Hemže-Mýtkov Nature Reserve (East Bohemia, Czech Republic) during 2005–06. This locality harbours 32% of the total mollusc fauna of the Czech Republic at only 29 ha. This fairly high species richness corresponds to a high habitat diversity and species pool of the region that consists of a mixture of Alpine and Carpathian elements. Of prime conservation importance is a high share of rare and endangered species and species mostly having an isolated population there from the main distribution range. These species are East-Alpine Aegopis verticillus, Cochlodina commutata and Itala ornata, and the East-Alpine-Carpathian Bythinella austriaca. Carpathian species represents Faustina faustina. Except mentioned species there are several other rare and sensitive species such as Daudebardia brevipes, Perpolita petronella, Platyla polita, Pupilla sterri, Vertigo alpestris, and Vertigo antivertigo. Although, forest species prevailed, there were also representatives of other ecological groups such as synanthropic, steppe, water, and wetland species.
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Bussell, James A., Ian A. N. Lucas, and Ray Seed. "Patterns in the invertebrate assemblage associated with Corallina officinalis in tide pools." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 2 (April 2007): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055385.
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Ecological studies of diversity at different spatial scales are important for our understanding of community processes. Here the patterns in the invertebrate fauna associated with the turf-forming red alga, Corallina officinalis, with increasing tide pool depth and in pools of different surface area and at different tidal heights are presented for two similar shores in north Wales. Corallina turf supports a diverse assemblage of invertebrates achieving high densities of individuals which makes an important contribution to local biodiversity. Overall 123 different taxa were identified with the most dominant species being the polychaete Spirorbis corallinae and small individuals of the mussel Mytilus edulis. There are significant differences in the invertebrate assemblage at different depths in tide pools and higher diversity and richness at shallower depths nearer the edge of pools where the alga is shorter and more compact than at deeper depths. Pool size and tidal height were also clearly important in structuring the assemblage where there were significant differences in diversity, richness and assemblage pattern, although these differences were not consistent between shores. Some measures of habitat complexity, such as algal volume, correlate well with species richness, though occasionally diversity is negatively correlated with the number of holdfasts. Variations in physical conditions afforded by different depths and in tide pools of different size at different tidal heights at the scales measured clearly play an important role in structuring both the complexity of habitat and its associated assemblage
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Punia, B. S., Jane Leibholz, and G. J. Faichney. "The role of rumen protozoa in the utilization of paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) hay by cattle." British Journal of Nutrition 57, no. 3 (May 1987): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870047.
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1.Six Friesian heifers (250 kg live weight) with permanent cannulas in the rumen and abomasum were allocated at random into two groups of three. One group was treated with Teric GN9 (ICI (Aust.) Ltd) to defaunate the animals during the first two of the four periods of the experiment, after which they were refaunated. The second group was treated with Teric at the end of the first two periods. The dietary treatments were: paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum) hay (4.1 kg/d) given alone and the hay supplemented with urea (20 g/kg dry matter).2. Defaunation was not complete but the approximate volume of protozoa in the rumen of treated animals was less than 6% of that in the untreated animals.3. The amount of organic matter (OM) digested in the stomach was lower (P< 0.01) in animals with reduced fauna than in those with normal fauna. There were reductions in both the apparent OM digestibility in the total tract (from 0.56 to 0.52,P< 0.01) and the proportion of the digestible OM digested in the rumen (from 0.82 to 0.79, not significant) of animals with reduced fauna. Apparent digestibilities of acid-detergent fibre and neutral-detergent fibre were significantly lower (P< 0.01) in animals with reduced fauna.4. The amount of nitrogen disappearing from the stomach was significantly higher (P< 0.01) with the urea supplement; effects due to concentrations of protozoa were not significant. The flow of non-ammonia-N from the abomasum was higher (P< 0.05) in animals with reduced fauna than in animals with normal fauna. The flows of bacterial N from the abomasum and the efficiencies of bacterial N synthesis were not significantly affected by the treatments. N retention was higher (P< 0.01) in animals receiving the urea supplement but differences due to protozoa were not significant.5. Protozoal contribution to the microbial N flowing from the rumen of animals with normal fauna was estimated to be 24 and 27% with and without the urea supplement respectively.6. Concentrations of rumen-fluid ammonia-N were reduced (P< 0.05) and those of volatile fatty acids were increased (P< 0.01) with reduction in protozoal numbers. Molar proportions of propionic acid increased (P< 0.05) and of butyric acid decreased (P< 0.01) with reduced rumen fauna.7. Rumen water volume was lower (P< 0.05) and the mean retention time of indigestible acid-detergent lignin tended to be higher in animals with reduced fauna. Rumen dry-matter pool and mean retention time of CrEDTA were not significantly different between treatments.
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Nayem, Zannatul, Munira Nasiruddin, M. A. Azadi, and Md Ikram Ansar Tuhin. "Water Quality Assessment with Biotic Index Based on Abundance and Diversity of Aquatic Insects in a Hilly Stream, Bangladesh." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v5i2.119.
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Study of stream insect fauna provide valuable insights into aspects of the stream channel ecosystem. The present study was conducted to investigate the aquatic stream living insect community, abundance and diversity in a hilly stream, Balukhali chora of Chittagong University campus to determine the water quality. The insects were collected with bottom dredge net from the edge and benthic regions of the Riffle zone and the Pool zone of the stream from January 2018 to December 2018. Insects were sampled using standard entomological method and determined their tolerance value. A total of 2535 insects were recorded, belonging to six insect orders, 30 families and 45 genera. The abundance ratio was higher in all the months in the Pool zone excepting the months of April, May, June and October. The orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Diptera were abundant in the Pool zone, while Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were abundant in the Riffle zone. On the basis of Biotic Index, the most dominating orders Odonata and Hemiptera indicated good water quality, though the dipteran genus Chironomus spp. indicated poor quality in some of the months. The stream insect community structure of the two zones indicated that the overall water quality of the stream water was very good. Both manmade and natural interruption occurred in the stream channel due to human settlement, agricultural runoff and natural disasters. The study was conducted to know the abundance and diversity of aquatic insect community which indicated the water quality of the stream.
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Chikhlyaev, Igor V., and Alexander B. Ruchin. "Ecological Analysis and Biodiversity of the Helminth Community of the Pool Frog Pelophylax lessonae (Amphibia: Anura) from Floodplain and Forest Water Bodies." Diversity 14, no. 4 (March 27, 2022): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14040247.
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This work presents an ecological analysis of the community and biodiversity of helminths of Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from floodplain and forest reservoirs of the European part of Russia. The material for the work was personal collections of helminths made from 2018–2021 in the National Park “Smolny” (Republic of Mordovia). Two hundred and thirty-five amphibian specimens were examined from nine reservoirs and three types of hydrobiocoenoses: (1) floodplains of a medium-sized river (in terms of catchment area); (2) floodplains of a small river; (3) a number of isolated forest reservoirs. Twenty-four species of helminths have been registered: Trematoda (20) and Chromadorea (4). Similar features (common species of trematodes and nematodes) were determined as well as differences in the composition and structure of the helminth fauna, the level of infestation by individual species and groups of helminths, diversity, and community structure. Amphibians of the river floodplain have a richer helminth fauna, they are more infected with a large number of helminths, and their community is more complex. Amphibians of isolated forest ponds, on the contrary, have fewer helminths, they are generally less infected, and their community is simplified (reduced). Having intermediate indicators of composition, structure, and degree of infestation, frogs from the forest floodplain of the small river—differ in the most diverse and maximally evenness community of helminths. The results of the study demonstrate the influence of biotopic factors on the formation of an amphibian helminth community.
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Rota, Noemi, Claudia Canedoli, Chiara Ferrè, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Alessia Guerrieri, and Emilio Padoa-Schioppa. "Evaluation of Soil Biodiversity in Alpine Habitats through eDNA Metabarcoding and Relationships with Environmental Features." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070738.
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Soil biodiversity is fundamental for ecosystems, ensuring many ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, soil formation, and organic carbon pool increase. Due to these roles, there is a need to study and completely understand how soil biodiversity is composed through different habitats. The aim of this study was to describe the edaphic soil community of the alpine environments belonging to the Gran Paradiso National Park, thus detecting if there are any correlation with environmental features. We studied soil fauna through environmental DNA metabarcoding. From eDNA metabarcoding, 18 families of arthropods were successfully detected, and their abundance expressed in terms of the relative frequency of sequences. Soil faunal communities of mixed coniferous forests were characterized by Isotomidae, Entomobriydae, Hypogastruridae, and Onychiuridae; while mixed deciduous forests were composed mostly by Isotomidae, Cicadidae, Culicidae, and Neelidae. Calcicolous and acidic grasslands also presented families that were not detected in forest habitats, in particular Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Brachyceridae, and had in general a more differentiated soil community. Results of the Canonical Component Analysis revealed that the main environmental features affecting soil community for forests were related to vegetation (mixed deciduous forests, tree basal area, tree biomass, Shannon index), soil (organic layers and organic carbon stock), and site (altitude); while for prairies, soil pH and slope were also significant in explaining soil community composition. This study provided a description of the soil fauna of alpine habitats and resulted in a description of community composition per habitat and the relation with the characteristic of vegetation, soil, and topographic features of the study area. Further studies are needed to clarify ecological roles and needs of these families and their role in ecosystem functioning.
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Miles, Travis, Sarah Murphy, Josh Kohut, Sarah Borsetti, and Daphne Munroe. "Offshore Wind Energy and the Mid-Atlantic Cold Pool: A Review of Potential Interactions." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.4.8.
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Abstract The U.S. East Coast has 1.7 million acres of federal bottom under lease for the development of wind energy installations, with plans for more than 1,500 foundations to be placed. The scale of these wind farms has the potential to alter the unique and delicate oceanographic conditions along the expansive Atlantic continental shelf, a region characterized by a strong seasonal thermocline that overlies cold bottom water, known as the “Cold Pool.” Strong seasonal stratification traps cold (typically less than 10°C) water above the ocean bottom sustaining a boreal fauna that represents vast fisheries, including the most lucrative shellfish fisheries in the United States. This paper reviews the existing literature and research pertaining to the ways in which offshore wind farms may alter processes that establish, maintain, and degrade stratification associated with the Cold Pool through vertical mixing in this seasonally dynamic system. Changes in stratification could have important consequences in Cold Pool setup and degradation, processes fundamental to high fishery productivity of the region. The potential for these multiple wind energy arrays to alter oceanographic processes and the biological systems that rely on them is possible; however, a great deal of uncertainty remains about the nature and scale of these interactions. Research should be prioritized that identifies stratification thresholds of influence, below which turbines and wind farm arrays may alter oceanographic processes. These should be examined within context of spatial and seasonal dynamics of the Cold Pool and offshore wind lease areas to identify potential areas of further study.
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Sharpe, Saxon E., and Jordon Bright. "A high-elevation MIS 5 hydrologic record using mollusks and ostracodes from Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA." Quaternary Research 82, no. 3 (November 2014): 604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.01.014.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSediments containing terrestrial and aquatic mollusks and ostracodes from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (2705 m elevation) near Snowmass Village, Colorado, span ~130–87 ka (MIS 5e through 5b). The southeastern area of the site where taxa were recovered was a relatively fresh, shallow, well-vegetated wetland during MIS 5e through 5c time, approximately 2 m deep, with a total dissolved solids value of ~200–1000 mg L− 1. The wetland was seasonally or annually variable and groundwater discharged along the margins of the bounding moraine. Groundwater likely contributed solutes to the system and may have contributed 18O-enriched water. Based on stable isotopes from ostracode calcite (δ18OOST and δ13COST), seasonal evaporation occurred and the dissolved inorganic carbon pool was unexpectedly enriched in 13C. The mollusk and ostracode faunas changed little across the MIS 5e/5d/5c boundaries, whereas a distinct change in the ostracode fauna occurred between the deposition of Unit 11 and Unit 13, which corresponds in time to the MIS 5c/5b boundary, indicating some combination of increased surface and/or groundwater flow, a decrease in water temperature, and a freshening and a possible deepening of the wetland.
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Melo, Thaís X., and Elvio S. F. Medeiros. "Spatial Distribution of Zooplankton Diversity across Temporary Pools in a Semiarid Intermittent River." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (June 12, 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/946361.
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This study describes the richness and density of zooplankton across temporary pools in an intermittent river of semiarid Brazil and evaluates the partitioning of diversity across different spatial scales during the wet and dry periods. Given the highly patchy nature of these pools it is hypothesized that the diversity is not homogeneously distributed across different spatial scales but concentrated at lower levels. The plankton fauna was composed of 37 species. Of these 28 were Rotifera, 5 were Cladocera, and 4 were Copepoda (nauplii of Copepoda were also recorded). We showed that the zooplankton presents a spatially segregated pattern of species composition across river reaches and that at low spatial scales (among pools or different habitats within pools) the diversity of species is likely to be affected by temporal changes in physical and chemical characteristics. As a consequence of the drying of pool habitats, the spatial heterogeneity within the study river reaches has the potential to increase β diversity during the dry season by creating patchier assemblages. This spatial segregation in community composition and the patterns of partition of the diversity across the spatial scales leads to a higher total diversity in intermittent streams, compared to less variable environments.
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Seniczak, Anna, Stanisław Seniczak, Radomir Graczyk, Sławomir Kaczmarek, Bjarte H. Jordal, Jarosław Kowalski, Per Djursvoll, Steffen Roth, and Thomas Bolger. "A Forest Pool as a Habitat Island for Mites in a Limestone Forest in Southern Norway." Diversity 13, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110578.
Full textAbstract:
Forest water bodies, e.g., pools, constitute ‘environmental islands’ within forests, with specific flora and fauna thus contributing considerably to the landscape biodiversity. The mite communities of Oribatida and Mesostigmata in two distinctive microhabitats, water-soaked Sphagnum mosses at the edge of a pool and other mosses growing on the medium-wet forest floor nearby, were compared in a limestone forest in Southern Norway. In total, 16,189 specimens of Oribatida representing 98 species, and 499 specimens of Mesostigmata, from 23 species, were found. The abundance and species number of Oribatida were significantly lower at the pool, while the abundance and species richness of Mesostigmata did not differ. Both the communities of Oribatida and of Mesostigmata differed among the microhabitats studied and analysis showed significant differences between the community structures in the two microhabitats. The most abundant oribatid species in Sphagnum mosses was Parachipteria fanzagoi (Jacot, 1929), which made up over 30% of all Oribatida, followed by Atropacarus striculus (C.L. Koch, 1835) and Tyrphonothrus maior (Berlese, 1910) (14% and 12% of Oribatida, respectively). Among Mesostigmata Paragamasus parrunciger (Bhattacharyya, 1963) dominated (44% of Mesostigmata), followed by P. lapponicus (Trägårdh, 1910) (14% of Mesostigmata). Most of these species, except P. lapponicus, were either absent or very uncommon in the other microhabitat studied. The specific acarofauna of the forest pool shows the importance of such microhabitats in increasing forest diversity. In addition, a quarter of the mite species found had not been reported from Norwegian broadleaf forests before, including five new species records for Norway and four new to Fennoscandia, all found in the medium-wet microhabitat. Most of these species are rarely collected and have their northernmost occurrence in the studied forest.
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Christoforidi, Irini, Dimitrios Kollaros, and Ioannis N. Daliakopoulos. "Soil Moisture- and Temperature-Induced Facilitation of Urban Endogean Fauna in Two Types of Shrub Hedges." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030081.
Full textAbstract:
As the most important type of public green space, parks are crucial for delivering a wide range of ecosystem services that contribute to the well-being of urban residents. Nevertheless, the criteria for selecting vegetation structure and composition within urban parks is often limited to ornamental value. Here, park hedges of Pittosporum tobira (Japanese pittosporum) and Rhamnus alaternus (Mediterranean buckthorn) are compared for their effectiveness in soil temperature and soil moisture regulation in support of soil fauna, thus contributing to lifecycle maintenance, habitat, and gene pool protection ecosystem services. The adjacent hedges, located in the gardens of the Hellenic Mediterranean University, were monitored for soil moisture, temperature, and fauna for a period of 6 months. For each hedge, soil temperature and water at 5 cm below ground were measured (N = 3). Measurements showed that, during temperature extremes, soil under R. alaternus had a higher buffering capacity for temperature than that under P. tobira, staying over 2.5 °C warmer during cold periods and over 3.5 °C cooler during warm periods. During the dry season, R. alaternus also retained soil moisture with higher minimum (0.08 versus 0.04 m3/m3) and average values (0.11 versus 0.07 m3/m3) than under P. tobira. Berlese-Tullgren funnels and pitfall traps were used to capture endogean fauna and bigger invertebrates, respectively. Invertebrates extracted during 3 samplings were identified mainly at the level of order, with the most abundant taxonomic groups being slugs and seven arthropod taxa. The Shannon Index values revealed that the biodiversity of the fauna collected in pitfalls under R. alaternus was 1.2 times higher than that collected under P. tobira. Specimens from funnels were also more abundant, with soil under R. alaternus showing a biodiversity three times higher than that under P. tobira. Results indicate that, in arid environments, R. alaternus urban park hedges may offer additional ecosystem services compared to P. tobira by providing more sustainable biodiversity hubs.
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Oliver, P. Graham, Hege Vestheim, André Antunes, and Stein Kaartvedt. "Systematics, functional morphology and distribution of a bivalve (Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov.) from the rim of the ‘Valdivia Deep’ brine pool in the Red Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 3 (November 11, 2014): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001234.
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The deep brine pools of the Red Sea comprise extreme, inhospitable habitats yet house microbial communities that potentially may fuel adjacent fauna. We here describe a novel bivalve from a deep-sea (1525 m) brine pool in the Red Sea, where conditions of high salinity, lowered pH, partial anoxia and high temperatures are prevalent. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage showed that the bivalves were present in a narrow (20 cm) band along the rim of the brine pool, suggesting that it is not only tolerant of such extreme conditions but is also limited to them. The bivalve is a member of the Corbulidae and named Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov. The shell is atypical of the family in being modioliform and thin. The semi-infaunal habit is seen in ROV images and reflected in the anatomy by the lack of siphons. The ctenidia are large and typical of a suspension feeding bivalve, but the absence of ‘guard cilia’ and the greatly reduced labial palps suggest that it is non-selective as a response to low food availability. It is proposed that the low body mass observed is a consequence of the extreme habitat and low food availability. It is postulated that the observed morphology of Apachecorbula is a result of paedomorphosis driven by the effects of the extreme environment on growth but is in part mitigated by the absence of high predation pressures.
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Hogg, ID, and RH Norris. "Effects of runoff from land clearing and urban development on the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates in pool areas of a river." Marine and Freshwater Research 42, no. 5 (1991): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9910507.
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We examined the effects of runoff from urban land clearing and development on the macroinvertebrate pool fauna of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia, over 1 year. Tuggeranong Creek, which flows through the urban development, often recorded higher instantaneous (storm) discharges than did the Murrumbidgee River. Monitoring of suspended solids during one storm event revealed high concentrations of suspended solids (max. 560 mg L-1) entering the Murrumbidgee River for an 8 h period. Such concentrations were not detected by regular two-monthly sampling, although concentrations were generally higher downstream of Tuggeranong Creek. Analysis of substratum particle size revealed a higher proportion of fine inorganic material (<250 pm) at stations downstream of Tuggeranong Creek, suggesting a settling of fine material discharged during storm events. Number of taxa and macroinvertebrate density were lower at downstream stations. We conclude that the deposition of fine inorganic sediment following storm events, and the resulting change in the composition of the substratum, was the major cause of low invertebrate numbers in pools downstream of the cleared catchment.
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Budd, Ann F., and Kenneth G. Johnson. "Origination preceding extinction during late Cenozoic turnover of Caribbean reefs." Paleobiology 25, no. 2 (1999): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730002649x.
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AbstractStatistical analyses of occurrence data derived from new collections through scattered Caribbean sections indicate that increased speciation preceded a pulse of extinction during regional turnover of the Caribbean reef coral fauna in Plio-Pleistocene time. The data are based on samples that were newly collected and identified to species using standardized procedures. Age-dates were assigned using high-resolution chronostratigraphic methods. The results show that coral species with a wide range of ecological traits originated and were added to the species pool as much as 1–2 million years before extinction peaked at the end of the turnover interval. Local assemblages consisted of a mix of extinct and living species, which varied in composition but not in richness. Extinction was selective and resulted in a faunal shift to the large, fast-growing species that dominate Caribbean reefs today. The unusual relationship between origination and extinction may have been caused by changes in oceanic circulation associated with emergence of the Central American Isthmus, followed by the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The pattern of origination preceding extinction may have been responsible for the stability of reef ecosystems during the intense climatic fluctuations of the late Pleistocene, and for the composition and structure of modern Caribbean reef ecosystems.
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Salvi, Gianguido, John B. Anderson, Marco Bertoli, Pasquale Castagno, Pierpaolo Falco, Michele Fernetti, Paolo Montagna, and Marco Taviani. "Recent Ostracod Fauna of the Western Ross Sea (Antarctica): A Poorly Known Ingredient of Polar Carbonate Factories." Minerals 12, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12080937.
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Ostracoda are a minor but recurrent component of Southern Ocean marine carbonate factories, and their low-Mg calcitic skeletal mineralogy helps in ensuring a noteworthy post-mortem resilience. Our study, based upon surface sediment occurrences, contributes to the better definition of their distribution vs. potential controlling factors in Antarctic waters. The ostracod fauna from the Western Ross Sea Shelf appears dominated by Australicythere polylyca, Australicythere devexa, Xestoleberis rigusa, Loxoreticulatum fallax, Cativella bensoni, Austrotrachyleberis antarctica and Patagonacythere longiducta, colonizing a variety of shelf environments along a wide bathymetric range. The abundance and richness values correlate well to nutrient distribution and sediment supply, primarily related to the circulation of different oceanographic regimes affecting the floor of the Ross Sea Shelf. Circumpolar Deep Water could represent the main factor controlling the distribution of ostracods. Similar results (high abundance and richness in ostracod values) were also recorded in the Terra Nova Bay and in a nearby area characterized by warm water rich in nutrients and composed of water of circumpolar origin flowing from the open ocean southwards onto the continental shelf. Particulate Fe (pFe), in suspended particulate matter (SPM), and other particulate trace metals in TNB could support the hypothesis that biogenic iron may significantly contribute to the bioavailable iron pool, sustaining both primary production and ostracod fauna richness in this area.
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Lamas, Rafael Andrei, Carmen Lúcia Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski, and Riguel Feltrin Contente. "Checklist of the fish fauna of the Araçá Bay, São Sebastião Channel, northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil." Check List 12, no. 6 (November 29, 2016): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.6.2004.
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This paper presents for the first time a checklist of the fish fauna of Araça Bay, São Sebastião Channel, northern coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Fishes were sampled in five surveys from October 2012 to February 2014 using nine different types of sampling gear during high tide. Tide pool fishes were also sampled in four surveys from March to October 2014. Geographic distribution and conservation status of each species are reported. A total of 126 species was recorded in Araçá Bay, including two non-native species and new records in the São Sebastião region for 16 species. The fish species richness found in Araçá Bay was greater than the previously recorded for the São Sebastião Channel and other adjacent areas. Most of the Araçá fish species show a wide distribution along the western Atlantic Ocean (32%). Few species are included in the international (29%) and Brazilian (3.3%) official lists of threatened species.
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Vilcins, Inger-Marie, Julie M Old, and Elizabeth M Deane. "The impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on native animal species in Australia." Microbiology Australia 26, no. 2 (2005): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma05076.
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Ectoparasites are a leading cause of arthropod-borne disease in animals, and humans. Defined as arthropods which spend an entire portion of their life cycle on the host, ectoparasites include the ticks and mites (Acarina), and the lice and fleas of the insect family. Their role in human disease transmission has been well documented, as has their importance in agricultural and domestic animals. Little however has been done to comprehensively examine the role these organisms may play in disease transmission and their impact upon native Australian fauna. It is important to consider the effects of such disease agents on the survival of both captive and wild native animal populations, particularly as exposure to a novel pathogen may remove endangered animals that are a vital pool of genetic diversity.
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Gueriau, Pierre, Nicolas Rabet, and Eva Du Tien Hat. "The Strud crustacean fauna (Late Devonian, Belgium): updated review and palaeoecology of an early continental ecosystem." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107, no. 2-3 (June 2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691017000275.
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ABSTRACTArthropods were the first known animals to colonise land habitats, with myriapods and arachnids having done so at least by the Silurian. Much later, several lineages of Pancrustacea (hexapods and the paraphyletic crustaceans) also ventured onto land; the hexapods by the Early Devonian, and later at least four other groups of crustaceans, namely isopods, amphipods, ostracods and decapods, most of which generally colonised the continental water bodies. All faced a series of challenges (in particular: gas exchange; desiccation; reproduction; osmoregulation; and exposure to ultraviolet radiation), resulting in many morphological, physiological and ecological adaptations. Nonetheless, whether they reached land via saltwater or freshwater remains poorly documented, mainly because relevant localities are few. The Famennian (Late Devonian) Strud locality in Belgium provided an exceptional source of information on early aquatic continental ecosystems and their plant, vertebrate and arthropod colonisers at a crucial step in the terrestrialisation process. Here, we review and update its crustacean fauna, which inhabited floodplain and temporary pool waters. New anatomical details of the notostracanStrudops goldenbergiLagebroet al., 2015, as well as a new genus and species of spinicaudatan, are described. We also discuss the ecology of this unique, early continental ecosystem and the insights it gives into the terrestrialisation process.
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Lind, P. R., B. J. Robson, B. D. Mitchell, and T. G. Matthews. "Can sand slugs in rivers deliver conservation benefits? The biodiversity value of tributary junction plug wetlands in the Glenelg River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 5 (2009): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08175.
Full textAbstract:
Restoration works are carried out to alleviate human impacts and improve habitats within ecosystems. However, human impacts may also create new (anthropogenic) habitat for species to exploit. A dilemma arises when proposed restoration works would remove anthropogenic habitat and the assemblages it supports. Sediment input into the Glenelg River has formed tributary junction plug wetlands at confluences. Sand slug removal is proposed as part of river rehabilitation, but would also drain plug wetlands. We sampled four plug wetland, four river run and three river pool sites to determine whether plug wetlands influence water quality and add to the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates in the Glenelg River. Water quality and macroinvertebrate diversity were similar in plug wetlands, river runs and river pools. Assemblages were distinct among all sites, regardless of type, so there was no characteristic ‘plug-wetland fauna’. Therefore, although removal of plug wetlands would not cause a dramatic loss of invertebrate biodiversity, it would destroy anthropogenic habitat that supports a similar range of species to natural habitats in a river subject to multiple degrading processes. Gains from rehabilitation should be weighed against the value of anthropogenic habitat and the extent of similar habitat lost elsewhere in the ecosystem.
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Nanfack-Minkeu, Ferdinand, Alexander Delong, Moses Luri, and Jelmer W. Poelstra. "Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010056.
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Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification or/and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the collected mosquitoes. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. Molecular analyses of Ae. japonicus showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA) and Canada, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
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Nakaya, Hideo. "Faunal turnover of the Miocene mammalian faunas of Sub-Saharan Africa and the middle Miocene paleoenvironmental change." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007784.
Full textAbstract:
In evolutionary paleontology of terrestrial biotas, the Miocene is the most important age especially for evolution of hominids and mammalian faunas. The modern mammalian fauna appeared from the end of this age in Eurasia. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the assemblage of the late Miocene mammalian faunas was very poor, and these faunas were represented by only few faunas. Therefore, this incompleteness of the late Miocene East African faunas, it is very difficult to analyze faunal turnover of Sub-Saharan mammalian faunas and compare with Eurasian and Sub-Saharan faunas of this age.The paleontological contribution of the Japan and Kenya joint expedition to the Samburu Hills, northern Kenya covered this gap of mammalian evolution in Sub-Saharan Africa.In this work, the Miocene mammalian faunas in Sub-Saharan Africa is examined the half-life (Kurtén 1959, 1972, 1988) of each faunal assemblages (sets).Assemblage of the mammalian faunas from early Miocene was comparatively stable and had long half life in Sub-Saharan Africa on the basis of the results of this work.However, mammalian assemblage changed drastically at the middle Miocene (Astaracian) in Sub-Saharan Africa.A great number of early to middle Miocene mammalian taxa were extinct and the modern mammalian taxa appeared in this period. The half life of middle and late Miocene mammalian faunas is shortened compared with the early Miocene faunas in the East Africa. This geological event of faunal turnover occurred by the immigration and divergence of open land taxa.It is evident that the rise of open land taxa is related to the environmental change for the plateau phonolite and basalt volcanism in the middle Miocene East Africa (Pickford 1981) and the worldwide warm and arid event (savannitisation) of continental temperate zone in the middle to late Miocene (Liu 1988). In the middle Miocene (16 Ma) Pacific region, it has been proposed that the tropical event is recognized from shallow marine faunas of the Southwestern Japan (Tsuchi 1986). African and Eurasian land connection was also established before the middle Miocene (16 Ma±) (Bernor et al. 1987).The Astaracian faunal turnover in Sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be caused by immigration and diversity of open country mammalian taxa and that was related to the worldwide middle Miocene warm event and the plateau volcanism in middle Miocene East Africa. Furthermore, the Pleistocene and modern taxa and their direct ancestors of Sub-Saharan Africa appeared from the late Miocene faunas of East Africa. It has been made clear that the Namurungule Fauna is the forerunner of the modern Sub-Saharan mammalian fauna of savanna environments.As mentioned before, the Hominid Fossil was found from the Namurungule Formation (late Miocene) of northern Kenya. The savannitisation in the Sub-Saharan Africa began in middle Miocene. The origin of hominid bipedalism seems to be closely related to the environmental change from forest to open land (Foley 1984). Human evolution in East Africa is accelerated by the savannitisation of Sub-Saharan Africa which commenced earlier than that of Eurasia and continued throughout the Neogene.
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Budd, Ann F., and Nathan D. Smith. "Diversification of a New Atlantic Clade of Scleractinian Reef Corals: Insights from Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphologic and Molecular Data." Paleontological Society Papers 11 (October 2005): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001273.
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Recent molecular analyses of the traditional scleractinian suborder Faviina have revealed a new Atlantic clade of reef corals, which disagrees with traditional classification. The new clade contradicts long-held notions of Cenozoic diversification being concentrated in the Pacific, and of Atlantic species bearing close evolutionary relationships with Pacific species. In the present paper, we outline an approach for integrating molecular, morphologic, and fossil data, which will allow future examination of the timing and phylogenetic context of the divergence of the new Atlantic clade. Our analyses are preliminary and focus on 17 genetically characterized species within the new Atlantic clade. The molecular dataset consists of 630 base pairs from the COI gene and 1143 base pairs from the cytB gene. The morphologic dataset consists of 25 traditional morphologic characters (86 states) in 57 species (23 extant and 32 extinct). Phylogenetic analyses are first performed separately on the molecular and morphologic (extant taxa only) datasets. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses involve adding fossil taxa to the morphologic dataset and performing a combined analysis for extant taxa.The results of both molecular and morphologic phylogenetic analyses disagree with traditional classification. They also disagree with each other, indicating the two datasets provide different phylogenetic signals and are informative at different taxonomic levels. Molecular trees for the mitochondrial genes analyzed have higher bootstrap support for deeper nodes in the tree; morphologic trees have higher bootstrap support near branch tips. The addition of fossils to the morphologic dataset does not improve resolution within phylogenetic trees, but it does indicate that all of the major subclades within the new Atlantic clade originated prior to middle Eocene time. The pulse of origination associated with Plio-Pleistocene faunal turnover involved speciation within well-established clades. Examination of the geographic distributions of the taxa within each of the four resulting trees indicates that the origin of the Brazilian reef coral fauna involved more than one separate dispersal event or that the fauna may be descended from a larger Mio-Pliocene Atlantic (Caribbean to Brazil) species pool, portions of which have subsequently become extinct. Because of the complex nature of scleractinian evolution (involving possible hybridization), we advocate using a phylogenetic approach that compares multiple independent datasets, including datasets that are currently being developed for new microstructural characters.
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Tonelli, Gabriel Barbosa, Camila Binder, Victoria Laporte Carneiro Nogueira, Marina Henriques Prado, Gabriela Gonçalves Theobaldo, Aldenise Martins Campos, Carina Margonari de Souza, and José Dilermando Andrade Filho. "The sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of the urban area of Lassance, Northeast Minas Gerais, Brazil." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): e0257043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257043.
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The present study aimed to check the sand flies’ fauna on the municipality of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil and detect the presence of Leishmania DNA on the female captured and determine the risk areas of the municipality. Sand flies were collected monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 using automatic light traps for 3 consecutive nights. Eight houses were selected as sample points due its previous reports of tegumentary leishmaniasis and/or canine leishmaniasis. The sand fly’s fauna found on the present study it’s represented by several medical importance species and the most abundant species found were Lutzomyia longipalpis (77.09%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (10.06%). Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in a pool of Lu. longipalpis resulting on a 2.81% of infection rate. By the frequency of the two most abundant species on this study, we developed a risk area map and it draws attention to sample point 6 due to disparate abundance of sand flies at this site (81.81%). Statistical overview shows Lu. longipalpis as dominant species and, still, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis reveal high similarity on fauna’s diversity on the study area. Our findings suggest that the diversity of sand flies from the municipality of Lassance may promote the circulation of Leishmania infantum parasites putting in risk the habitants and other mammal’s species. Still, our study reinforces the necessity of specific studies focused on breed sites of phlebotomine and its’ ecology to expand the knowledge about the behaviour of this group of insects applying directly to leishmaniases’ epidemiology.
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Cellot, Bernard, and Michel Bournaud. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des déplacements de macroinvertébrés dans une grande rivière." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-052.
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The movements of macroinvertebrates in the Rhône River were studied by using suspended artificial substrates that were immersed for 7 days at three depths near a bank and at the centre of the channel at Jons (27 km upstream of Lyon, France). Sampling was carried out monthly on an annual cycle, from December 1978 to March 1980. The 93 taxa found were distributed as follows: chironomid larvae (Diptera), 34.4%; Hydropsyche spp. (Trichoptera), 24.9%; Oligochaeta, 15.7%; Gammarus fossarum and (or) G. pulex (Crustacea), 15.0%; others, 10.0%. Correspondence analysis revealed and summarized the hierarchy of the spatio-temporal variations in fauna. The first level of variation is seasonal and shows contrasts between some summer species (e.g., Ephemerella ignita, Leuctra fusca) and the pool of organisms that subsist during winter. The second level of variation is due to seasonal hydrological conditions. The large flow rate during winter and at the beginning of the summer instigates the drift of rheolithophilous (e.g., Psychomyia pusilla) or limnophilous (Asellus aquaticus) taxa, which results in a more intense spatial homogenization of the fauna. The first increase in flow rate after a slower regime, although minor, has a "washing out" effect on the backwaters connected with the main stream (parapotamic area). On the other hand, the slower flow rate at the end of summer is favourable to some extent for some lentic taxa (Planaria), particularly near the banks. A third level of variation, less important, concerns transverse movements (between bank and channel) and the effects of emptying and cleaning the upstream reservoir.
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Holliday, N. J. "The carabid fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae) during postfire regeneration of boreal forest: properties and dynamics of species assemblages." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-067.
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Following an intense forest fire, carabid beetles were sampled by pitfall trapping in a burned site that had been dominated before the fire by aspen, Populus tremuloides, in a second burned site that had been dominated by conifers (Picea spp.), and in matching unburned sites. In principal-components ordination, carabid species assemblages in burned sites were initially distinct, but at the end of the study were similar to those in the unburned aspen site. The assemblage in the burned aspen site approached its final position more rapidly than that in the burned conifer site. There were fewer individuals and fewer species in burned sites, but the logarithmic series α and the evenness were unaffected by burning. Species gain and species loss were used as indices of colonization rate and extinction rate, respectively. Species loss did not differ significantly between burned and unburned sites. In unburned sites, species gain was related to previous numbers of species caught in the way expected if gain was limited by the pool of potential colonist species. In burned sites, species gain was initially similar to that in unburned sites, but later gain was less than expected. Low species gain, coupled with ongoing species loss, was responsible for the small number of species caught in burned sites. It is suggested that domination of the burned sites by aspen saplings limited the establishment of arriving colonist species and so depressed species gain in the later stages of the study.