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1
Iwuagwu, Joy O., and J. Obeta Ugwuanyi. "Treatment and Valorization of Palm Oil Mill Effluent through Production of Food Grade Yeast Biomass." Journal of Waste Management 2014 (September 25, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/439071.
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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is high strength wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. It is generated in large quantities in all oil palm producing nations where it is a strong pollutant amenable to microbial degradation being rich in organic carbon, nitrogen, and minerals. Valorization and treatment of POME with seven yeast isolates was studied under scalable conditions by using POME to produce value-added yeast biomass. POME was used as sole source of carbon and nitrogen and the fermentation was carried out at 150 rpm, 28 ± 2°C using an inoculum size of 1 mL of 106 cells. Yeasts were isolated from POME, dump site, and palm wine. The POME had chemical oxygen demand (COD) 114.8 gL−1, total solid 76 gL−1, total suspended solid (TSS) 44 gL−1 and total lipid 35.80 gL−1. Raw POME supported accumulation of 4.42 gL−1 dry yeast with amino acid content comparable or superior to the FAO/WHO standard for feed use SCP. Peak COD reduction (83%) was achieved with highest biomass accumulation in 96 h using Saccharomyces sp L31. POME can be used as carbon source with little or no supplementation to achieve waste-to-value by producing feed grade yeast with reduction in pollution potential.
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Widodo, Bagas Wijdan, and Annisa Bhikuning. "ANALISA KARAKTERISTIK POMPA AIR UNTUK KEBUTUHAN AIR UTILITAS PADA PABRIK PROSES AGLOMERASI PT. Z." JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI 7, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v7i2.13267.
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Pengembangan produksi pertambangan nikel pada PT Z dilakukan untuk meningkatkan performa dari produksinya. Salah satu cara dari pengembangan ini adalah dengan optimasi saluran airnya. Air yang di salurkan ini di pompa menggunakan pompa sentrifugal yang ada pada pabrik proses aglomerasi. Pompa sentrifugal yang digunakan pada kasus ini juga menggunakan standar yang sesuai yaitu standar ASME B.73.1. Dalam menentukan spesifikasi pompa yang optimal untuk dipakai pada plant tersebut perlu dibuat Mechanical Data Sheet untuk mengetahui kebutuhan spesifikasi pompa yang akan dipakai pada industri. Dalam memenuhi datasheet ini perlu dilakukan perhitungan line sizing pipa, laju aliran air, head losses pompa, total dynamic head pompa, juga NPSHa nya dengan menyesuaikan ke standar ASME B73.1. Hasil perhitungan karakteristik pompa yang dihasilkan adalah pompa dengan laju aliran 86,74 gpm dengan total head losses 47,86 ft, total dynamic head sebesar 126,943 ft dan NPSHa 80,12 ft. Tipe Impeller pompa yang dipakai adalah Closed dan Tipe Mounting Foot. Material yang dipakai pada impeller dan casing pompa adalah Carbon Steel. Tipe Baseplate pompa adalah grouted.
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Adeleke, Abdul Rahman Oyekanmi, Ab Aziz Abdul Latiff, Zawawi Daud, Nur Falilah Mat Daud, and Mohammed Kabir Aliyu. "Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater of Palm Oil Mill Using Developed Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell and Cow Bones." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.428.
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Palm oil mill efluent (POME) is the major industrial waste water in Malaysia and Indonesia. The processing of (POME) before discharge is a major challenge to researchers. In this study, the adsorption experiment of zinc ion from (POME) produced from the processed palm oil as primary treatment has been investigated using coconut shell and cow bone activated carbon. Experiments were conducted at a fixed initial concentration, contact time, shaking speed and at different adsorbent dosage to obtain optimum condition for the uptake of zinc ion from POME. The coconut shell carbon exhibited better removal efficiency than the cow bone powder. The results obtained at fixed condition of pH 7, contact time of 105 minutes, shaking speed of 150 rpm showed more than 90% uptake for both adsorbents. The result of the adsorption study was further analyzed using Langmuir and BET model to determine the experimental isotherm. The result showed that equilibrium data fitted better with BET model for coconut shell carbon and better with Langmuir model for cow bone powder. The result of the adsorption experiments showed that heavy metal of zinc can be sufficiently reduced on both coconut shell carbon and the cow bone powder. The morphology of both adsorbents was observed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the pore sizes of the adsorbents supported the uptake of zinc ion from the raw POME.
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Mahdi, Muhamad Zaini, Yasinta Nikita Titisari, H. Hadiyanto, and Marcelinus Christwardana. "Evaluation Of Spirulina, Nannochloropsis, and Chlorella Micro-algae Growth in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Medium with Variation of Medium Types and Time Adding Nutrient." Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbes.2022.14239.
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POME is a kind of liquid waste produced by the crude palm oil industry. POME was not treated adequately, resulting in an issue for the environment owing to excessive levels of COD and BOD. Algae is a kind of bio-absorbent that may neutralize contaminants in liquid waste. Microalgae need carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus-containing ingredients to flourish. These nutrients are necessary for photosynthetic carbon sources to be converted into biomass. POME includes a high concentration of C, N, and P; hence this research aims to investigate the potential of POME as a medium for the development of algae such as Spirulina, Nannochloropsis, and Chlorella. The experiment was carried out by varying the nutrients, water type, and time of nutrient feeding. Urea and sodium bicarbonate were the nutrition. Preparing the medium, culturing the microalgae, assessing biomass, counting the algae cells, and creating a calibration curve were the procedures in the experiment. The findings revealed that POME is the best medium for microalgae, that Spirulina grows better in POME than Chlorella and Nannochloropsis, and that providing nutrients every 2 days was better than introducing nutrients at the beginning and without adding nutrients.
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Ahmad Kamal, Syafawati, Mariatul Fadzillah Mansor, Jamaliah Mohd Jahim, and Nurina Anuar. "Effect of Pre-Treatment Palm Oil Mill Effluent POME on Biohydrogen Production by Local Isolate Clostridium Butyricum." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2987.
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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains approximately 6% fiber. The effectiveness of pre-treatment on POME can serve a very good feedstock for hydrogen production in fermentation process. In this research, the effectiveness of pre-treatment methods on POME treated using acid and base were analysed based total carbohydrate and reducing sugar content. By using 1M NaOH with heat treatment, 26.12% carbon source converted to reducing sugar while by using 1M H2SO4 with heat treatment, over 32.09% carbon source converted to reducing sugar. The highest increment of total carbohydrate where from acid-heat treatment with 26.1% increment from initial concentration. At the initial pH (5.5) with fermentation temperature 37°C, the highest hydrogen production rate given by acid-heat treatment was 0.5mL H2/mL POME. Different for initial pH 7.0 with the same temperature, the highest hydrogen produced rate was given by base-heat treatment with 0.59 mL H2/mL POME. The production of hydrogen in 2L bioreactor given much higher hydrogen production compare to production in serum bottle. This fermentation was run in batch mode with initial pH 7 and control at 5.5. The maximum hydrogen produce was 4304 mL H2/ L POME from acid-heat treatment.
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Nugraheni, Ika Kusuma, Nuryati Nuryati, Anggun Angkasa Bela Persada, Triyono Triyono, and Wega Trisunaryanti. "Impregnated Zeolite as Catalyst in Esterification Treatment from High Free Fatty Acids Palm Oil Mill Effluent." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 16, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v16i2.16378.
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Although Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) can be used as a raw material for biodiesel production, the POME contains an excessive amount of Free Fatty Acids (FFA), necessitating a preliminary process and esterification. POME is degummed using phosphate acid and bleached with carbon active. Additionally, this study used KOH-impregnated zeolite to reduce FFA. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of adding impregnated zeolite on esterification. POME was heated to 600C for 30 minutes, then degumming with 3 % of phosphate acid for 30 minutes, followed by bleaching with carbon active with a comparison ratio of 8:3 at 1000C for 1 hour, and finally, esterification with 3 percent impregnated zeolite from the POME weight at 600C for 4 hours. The analysis was conducted using titration methods to determine the FFA of each esterification. The data will be compared between zeolite and non-zeolite degumming, bleaching, and esterification. The results indicated that the most effective method for reducing FFA was degumming, bleaching, and esterification with zeolite.
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Liew, Wai Loan, Khalida Muda, Mohd Azraai Kassim, Kok Yan Lai, Zi Yang Si, Yeap Hong Thong, and Soh Kheang Loh. "POME Treatment Efficacy as Affected by Carrier Material Size in Micro-Bioreactor System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.104.
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This paper presents the effect of different sizes of palm kernel shell (PKS) activated carbon as the carrier material in a micro-bioreactor system to treat the palm oil mill effluent (POME). Three different sizes of PKS activated carbon were used as the carrier material, i.e. 4.750 – 2.360 mm (large), 1.180 – 0.710 mm (average) and 0.425 – 0.300 mm (small). The systems were run for a total of 29 days under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours. The performances of several effluent quality parameters of POME regarding the use of PKS activated carbon of different sizes were studied. PKS activated carbon with size 1.180 – 0.710 mm showed the highest removal performances for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal-nitrogen (AN), and solids, with 41 %, 84.6 %, and 88 % of removal respectively. The system with PKS activated carbon of size 4.750 - 2.360 mm showed the highest performance in removing TP (45 %), while 1.180 – 0.710 mm size of PKS activated carbon showed the highest performance in removing TN (53 %). The system was also found to effectively reduce the effluent colour. In overall, the PKS activated carbon of size 1.180 – 0.710 mm showed the best results as a carrier material to be used in the micro-bioreactor system in treating POME compared to the other two sizes.
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Rianna, Martha. "Structure and Particle Size of Nano Carbon Liquid Particle from Palm Oill Mill Effluent using Hydrothermal Method." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 20, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2022.20.2.1813.
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Palm Oill Mill Effluent is biomass produced in mill from processing palm oil mill. In this research, the structure and particle size of nano carbon particle from palm oill mill effluent (POME) have been succesfully using hydrothermal method. The characterization structure and particle size conducted by XRD, PSA, FTIR and UV-Vis, respectively. The single crystal of carbon structures in all peaks and average crystal size of 30.58 nm confirmed from XRD analysis. Then, PSA analysis informed that average particle sizes of nano carbon from palm oill mill effluent of 1.153 nm. Both analysis of structure and particle size have indicating of nano size from carbon particle synthesize from palm oil mill effluent. FTIR spectrum confirming that functional groups indicate that nanocarbons have been found in POME samples with luminescence generated from the surface state. The POME solution has been successfully converted into nanocarbon in the presence of blue fluorescence under UV light and has light absorption in the UV region at a peak of ~300 nm based from UV-Vis results.
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Kim, Hong-Gyum, Byung-Chul Kim, Eun-Hee Park, and Chang-Jin Lim. "Stress-dependent regulation of a monothiol glutaredoxin gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-034.
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Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a small, heat-stable protein acting as a multi-functional glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase. In this work, a gene encoding the monothiol glutaredoxin Grx4 was cloned from the genomic DNA of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The determined DNA sequence carries 1706 bp, which is able to encode the putative 244 amino acid sequence of Grx with 27 099 Da. It does not contain an intron, and the sequence CGFS is found in the active site. Grx activity was increased 1.46-fold in S. pombe cells harboring the cloned Grx4 gene, indicating that the Grx4 gene is in vivo functioning. Although aluminum, cadmium, and hydrogen peroxide marginally enhanced the synthesis of β-galactosidase from the Grx4-lacZ fusion gene, NO-generating sodium nitroprusside (0.5 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L) and potassium chloride (0.2 mol/L and 0.5 mol/L) significantly enhanced it. The Grx4 mRNA level was also enhanced after the treatment with sodium nitroprusside and potassium chloride. The synthesis of β-galactosidase from the Grx4-lacZ gene was increased by fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (lower than 2%) and sucrose, but not by nonfermentable carbon sources such as acetate and ethanol. The basal expression of the S. pombe Grx4 gene did not depend on the presence of Pap1. These results imply that the S. pombe monothiol Grx4 gene is genuinely functional and regulated by a variety of stresses.Key words: monothiol glutaredoxin, Pap1, regulation, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, stress response.
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Stefany, Cindy. "Pemanfaatan Activated Carbon dalam Meningkatkan Fungsi Koagulan untuk Pengolahan POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (November 28, 2023): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jptl.2.2.64-74.
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POME adalah suspensi koloid yang mengandung 95-96% air, 0,6-0,7% minyak dan 4-5% lemak dan padatan total. Pengolahan limbah POME dilakukan pengembangan dengan metode gabungan adsorpsi dan koagulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi konsentrasi karbon aktif dan koagulan terhadap penyisihan COD dan TSS dari Buangan Air pengolahan POME, merumuskan persamaan empiris hubungan optimasi campuran koagulan dan adsorber terhadap penyisihan COD dan TSS dengan variabel penelitian secara statistik dan menentukan kondisi optimum proses gabungan adsorpsi dan koagulasi terhadap pengurangan konsentrasi COD dan TSS yang dihasilkan. Bahan POME diukur terlebih dahulu nilai pH, TSS dan COD sebelum diberi perlakuan. Treatment POME dengan metode gabungan adsorpsi dan koagulasi dilakukan dengan menambahkan activated carbon (3; 6; 9 mg/L) dan PAC (0,2; 0,55; 0,9 mg/L) pada temperatur ruang (25°C) selama 20 menit untuk proses adsorpsi dan 1 menit untuk proses koagulasi. Waktu kontak berlangsung selama 30 menit, optimasi kondisi proses ditentukan dengan response surface methodology (RSM). Parameter yang diuji meliputi kadar TSS dan COD. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap respon COD adalah kadar activated carbon, dan faktor yang paling berpengaruh signifikan terhadap respon TSS adalah PAC. Metode kombinasi adsorpsi dan koagulasi dengan karbon aktif dan PAC mampu menyisihkan konsentrasi COD dan TSS lebih besar daripada menggunakan salah satu metode adsorpsi (karbon aktif) atau koagulasi (PAC) (non-kombinasi). Kondisi proses optimum diperoleh pada kadar activated carbon 9 mg/L dan PAC 0,69 mg/L dengan respon COD 430,272 mg/L dan TSS 297,941 mg/L.
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Listiningrum, Prischa, Siti Hafsyah Idris, Sri Suhartini, Dwima Vilandamargin, and Sherlita Nurosidah. "Regulating Biogas Power Plant From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A Challenge to Indonesia's Just Energy Transition." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 11, no. 2 (September 9, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i2.56421.
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Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a potential source of bioenergy but it is also known as one of the biggest emission's contributor from palm oil industry thus capturing the produced methane (CH4) is necessary in creating a sustainable energy for the environment. This article examines current regulations of generating electricity from POME. The ultimate aim is to promote renewable energy deployment in Indonesia in order to support the just energy transitions to a low carbon economy. By using legal doctrinal and socio legal research, this study initially looks at the existing regulations. Afterwads, interviews are conducted to the palm oil industry in order to explore potential threats in developing this source of energy. The main findings suggest that there are number of government interventions needed to support the construction of POME based biogas power plant, such as providing a scheme of green loans, adjusting the feed-in tariffs and revising the grid systems, imposing incentives for carbon reduction, and applying the power purchase agreement. In addition, increasing public perception to combat the climate change by moving significantly to a low carbon economy is critical to fostering the 2030’s emission reduction target
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Vichi, Joivier, Emmanuel Salazar, Verónica Jiménez Jacinto, Leticia Olvera Rodriguez, Ricardo Grande, Edgar Dantán-González, Enrique Morett, and Armando Hernández-Mendoza. "High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis of Escherichia coli and Schizosaccharomyces pombe in respiratory and fermentative growth." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e0248513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248513.
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In spite of increased complexity in eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes, several basic metabolic and regulatory processes are conserved. Here we explored analogies in the eubacteria Escherichia coli and the unicellular fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcriptomes under two carbon sources: 2% glucose; or a mix of 2% glycerol and 0.2% sodium acetate using the same growth media and growth phase. Overall, twelve RNA-seq libraries were constructed. A total of 593 and 860 genes were detected as differentially expressed for E. coli and S. pombe, respectively, with a log2 of the Fold Change ≥ 1 and False Discovery Rate ≤ 0.05. In aerobic glycolysis, most of the expressed genes were associated with cell proliferation in both organisms, including amino acid metabolism and glycolysis. In contrast in glycerol/acetate condition, genes related to flagellar assembly and membrane proteins were differentially expressed such as the general transcription factors fliA, flhD, flhC, and flagellum assembly genes were detected in E. coli, whereas in S. pombe genes for hexose transporters, integral membrane proteins, galactose metabolism, and ncRNAs related to cellular stress were overexpressed. In general, our study shows that a conserved "foraging behavior" response is observed in these eukaryotic and eubacterial organisms in gluconeogenic carbon sources.
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Bidattul Syirat, Zainal, Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim, Abdul Aziz Astimar, and Zainal Nahrul Hayawin. "Changes in Characteristics and Physicochemical through Vermicomposting of Pome Sludge by Epigeic Earthworm E. eugeniae." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.304.
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The aims of this study was to investigate the characteristics and physicochemical changes of vermicompost during composting of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge processed by epigeic earthworm (E. eugeniae) within 60 days. The value of macronutrients, micronutrients and heavy metals and pH in vermicompost comes out to be (pH8.3), carbon (C) (45.2%), CN ratio (18.1%), phosphorus (P) (5.02%), ferum (Fe) (0.6%), copper (Cu) (16.8 ppm), zink (Zn) (119.54 ppm), mangan (Mn) (1049.86 ppm), potassium (K) (0.81%), nitrogen (N) (2.5%), calcium (Ca) (11.42%) and magnesium (Mg) (2.99%), and was compared with compost from EFB-POME sludge and compost from mesocarp fiber-POME sludge. In addition, the amino acid content in vermicompost detected was very low as compared to raw POME. Meanwhile, three types of fungus were detected in vermicompost which are fromPaecilomycessp.,Fusariumsp. andPenicilliumsp. The results suggested that POME sludge could be recycled to form compost by using vermicomposting technology, as well as act as a good organic fertilizer.
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F. A, Ikuesan, and Olugbode J. E. "Assessment of the potentials of Autochthonous lipase-producing bacteria in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent." Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2024): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bestj.v20i3.11.
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Pollution caused by the release of untreated palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a major environmental concern. This research assessed the potentials of single and consortium ofautochthonous lipase-producing bacteria as a non-invasive procedure in the biotreatment ofPOME. The identity of lipase-producing bacteria in POME were determined using morphological and biochemical techniques. Identified isolates were monitored for POME utilization by measurement of optical density at 600 nm in 25 ml Bushnell Haas broth supplemented with 0.25 ml sterilized POME. Individual isolates and consortium were then used for the bioremediation of POME. Quality parameters including pH, total suspended solid (TSS), oil and grease, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic matter (TOM) and total nitrogen (TN) of the raw and treated effluents were evaluated. The population (CFU/ml) of total heterotrophic, POME - utilizing and lipolytic bacteria were 3.9 x 106, 2.8 x 106 and 3.5 x 105 respectively. The lipolytic bacterial isolates include Brenneria nigrifluens, Bacillus circulans and Paenibacillus pectinilyticus. Results revealed varying pH of 5.03 and 6.81 - 7.26 for untreated and treated respectively. The lipolytic bacteria from POME caused reduction efficiency of 100% in TSS and oil and grease contents of the treated effluents relative to the raw samples. The COD, BOD, TOC, TOM and TN reduction ranged 17.90 - 93.55, 1.66 - 90.52, 16.34 - 59.79 %, 6.18 - 80.78 % and 11.71 - 93.66 % respectively. This research indicated that POME indigenous lipase-producing bacteria improved POME quality and therefore suggestive of their potentials in the bioremediation of POME-contaminated environment with the consortium being most effective.
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Shakib, Nazmus, and Mamunur Rashid. "Biogas Production Optimization from POME by Using Anaerobic Digestion Process." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.1711.2019.
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The aim of this research is to optimize Biogas production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with organic loading rate (OLR), carbon-to-nitrogen (C / N) ratio and pH using anaerobic processes. This study explores the potential of POME in anaerobic digestion with the perspective to develop a constructive process to treat POME and it can significantly contribute to biogas production. Design of Experiment (DoE) is used to determine the inputs (OLR, C/N, pH) for conducting research to achieve outputs (biogas production). Based on Central Composite Design (CCD), 5 levels of inputs for pH, C/N, and OLR are obtained. The findings of data analysis from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) shows that pH of 6.9, C/N of 30, and OLR of 6 VSS g/L.d have contributed to obtaining 3.8 L/day biogas production from POME. Treating POME anaerobically has proven to be successful because it is value-effective and environmentally friendly. The consequences of the research outcome in terms of environmental pollution are huge. The study suggests implementing a pilot scale study for producing required data is needed in developing economic scale POME treatment plant.
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Lau, K. J., A. Lim, J. J. Chew, L. H. Ngu, and J. Sunarso. "Treatment and decolourisation of treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) using oil palm trunk-derived activated carbon as adsorbent." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1195/1/012025.
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Abstract Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a serious problem for the oil palm industries because of its high organic contents and other contaminant formation that results in dark colour, turbid and unpleasant odour. In the conventional treatment of POME used in Malaysia, treated POME can still pollute receiving water bodies as colour is one of the major contaminants that is not completely removed. Adsorption is a promising technique for addressing this problem, with a large range of adsorbents to choose from. It works by adhering the pollutants on to the high porous surface area of adsorbent. However, the high cost of coal-based AC that is commonly used can be the limiting factor for its wider application in palm oil industry. Therefore, this work looks into resource recovery (i.e., use of waste stream) from plantation as precursor of AC synthesis to treat its own waste from the palm oil mill. Hence, the suitability of oil palm trunk (OPT) as feedstock for AC application in POME colour removal in the mill is investigated. Experimental run at the as-synthesis OPT-derived AC was performed for validation via POME adsorption test. The result shows that the OPT-derived AC produced can remove the organic pollutants and colour of POME at the dosage of 15% w v−1 within 48 hours.
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Hasanudin, U., R. Sugiharto, A. Haryanto, T. Setiadi, and K. Fujie. "Palm oil mill effluent treatment and utilization to ensure the sustainability of palm oil industries." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7 (June 17, 2015): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.311.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current condition of palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment and utilization and to propose alternative scenarios to improve the sustainability of palm oil industries. The research was conducted through field survey at some palm oil mills in Indonesia, in which different waste management systems were used. Laboratory experiment was also carried out using a 5 m3 pilot-scale wet anaerobic digester. Currently, POME is treated through anaerobic digestion without or with methane capture followed by utilization of treated POME as liquid fertilizer or further treatment (aerobic process) to fulfill the wastewater quality standard. A methane capturing system was estimated to successfully produce renewable energy of about 25.4–40.7 kWh/ton of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by about 109.41–175.35 kgCO2e/tonFFB (CO2e: carbon dioxide equivalent). Utilization of treated POME as liquid fertilizer increased FFB production by about 13%. A palm oil mill with 45 ton FFB/hour capacity has potential to generate about 0.95–1.52 MW of electricity. Coupling the POME-based biogas digester and anaerobic co-composting of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) is capable of adding another 0.93 MW. The utilization of POME and EFB not only increases the added value of POME and EFB by producing renewable energy, compost, and liquid fertilizer, but also lowers environmental burden.
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Mathieu, D., and F. Wattel. "L'intoxication à l'oxyde de carbone : pomme de discorde pour longtemps encore ?" Réanimation Urgences 6, no. 3 (May 1997): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1164-6756(97)80168-5.
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Green Ibim Abba and Ugoji Kelechi Uchenna. "Review of techniques for biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2023): 098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.10.1.0236.
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Due to rapid growth in population and societal development, the demand for energy is on the increase. The production of palm oil as one of the major edible oils consumed in the world has increased tremendously. Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a wastewater from the most significant agricultural industry is produced in tremendous amounts that requires proper management to mitigate its negative environmental effects. Studies have shown that Palm oil mill effluent (POME) possesses the properties of a good carbon feedstock for hydrogen generation in fermentation processes. In this study, several methods for biohydrogen production from Palm oil mill effluent (POME) were discussed. An apprehension into the different pre-treatment methods on POME including physicochemical, chemical and biological and their effects on the characteristics of POME including pH, temperature, sugar content, solid content, viscosity, nutrients and by-product toxicity on the biohydrogen production and effluent quality were reviewed. Various bioreactor designs were used for biohydrogen from POME, the modifications applied on the system design to increase the stability and productivity of POME treatment have been examined. The individual and interactive effects of pH, different temperatures of heat treatment, different inoculum sizes and substrate concentrations on biohydrogen production were discussed. Moreover, higher biohydrogen productivity could be obtained with the addition of nanoparticle nutrients and introducing genetically modified H2-producing bacteria. Finally, further investigation in the future shall focus on the development of a more inclusive and efficient POME treatment via DF process that favours biohydrogen production, environmental benign and economically viable.
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Sakka, Deni Frans, Salsabilla Fitri Millenia, and Irfan Dwidya Prijambada. "Perbandingan jenis media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja proses peruraian anaerob termofilik palm oil mill effluent." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 16, no. 1 (July 21, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.69582.
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A B S T R A C TPalm oil mill effluent (POME) is wastewater with high organic matter, the raw material of biogas production through anaerobic digestion. In anaerobic digestion, the washout effect frequently becomes a problem, along with the increasing organic loading rate (OLR) in a continuous system. Therefore, the addition of immobilization media was carried out to reduce this risk. This study aims to evaluate the effect of immobilization media type and arrangement on the performance of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of POME. Two immobilization media were evaluated,i.e., carbon fiber textile (CFT) media and natural zeolite particles. The anaerobic process performance was determined by measuring the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), and methane (CH4) yield. This study indicated that the immobilization media led to higher CH4 yields than the reactor without immobilization media. The CH4 yield of the reactor with natural zeolite was 0.3487 L/g sCOD, 0.3050 L/g sCOD in the reactor with CFT media, and 0.2873 L/g sCOD in the reactor without immobilization media. In addition, only natural zeolite can maintain reactor performance when the temperature accidentally increased with a recovery period of 14 days.Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biogas; carbon fiber textile; natural zeolite; POME.ABSTRAKPalm oil mill effluent (POME) merupakan limbah cair dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi sebagai bahan baku produksi biogas melalui peruraian anaerob. Dalam peruraian anaerob, efek washout selalu menjadi masalah seiring dengan meningkatnya organic loading rate (OLR) pada sistem kontinu. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penambahan media imobilisasi untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis dan pengaturan media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja peruraian anaerob termofilik POME. Dua media imobilisasi yang diuji yaitu media jenis carbon fiber textile (CFT) dan media berupa partikel zeolit alam. Kinerja proses anaerob ditentukan dengan mengukur konsentrasi asam lemak volatil (VFA), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) dan yield metana (CH4). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reaktor dengan media imobilisasi menghasilkan yield CH4 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Yield CH4 reaktor dengan zeolit alam sebesar 0,3487 L/g sCOD, 0,3050 L/g sCOD pada reaktor dengan media CFT dan 0,2873 L/g sCOD pada reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Selain itu, hanya zeolit alam yang dapat mempertahankan performa reaktor saat mengalami gangguan peningkatan suhu secara tiba-tiba dengan masa recovery selama 14 hari. Kata kunci: biogas; carbon fiber textile; peruraian anaerobic; POME; zeolit alam.
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Sharudin, Hazim, Sharzali Che Mat, Muhammad Arif Ab Hamid Pahmi, Nor Iswadi Ismail, Mohd Fahmi Md Salleh, Fadhlin Nur Aini Rahman Shah, and Nik Rosli Abdullah. "Effect of POME Additive in Algae-Diesel Fuel Blends on Fuel Consumptions and Emissions Characteristics of a Single Diesel Engine." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 1309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.25.
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In the present investigation, the effects of Palm Oil Methyl Esters (POME) additives on fuel consumptions and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with algae-diesel fuel blends were studied. Five fuel blends were prepared based on volume percentages which are D100 (diesel fuel), 2.5AO97.5D (2.5% algae oil, 97.5% diesel fuel), 2.5POME2.5AO95D (2.5% POME, 2.5% algae oil, 97.5% diesel fuel), 3.5POME2.5AO94D and 4.5POME2.5AO93D. Next, fuel properties which are density, kinematic viscosity, and calorific value of all the blended fuels, were measured and analyzed. Engine tests were conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm at various engine loads. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were analyzed together during the experimental work. The obtained results for BSFC show that all fuel blends decreased with increasing engine load. The results obtained revealed that NOX and CO2 emissions increase, whereas CO emissions decrease with increasing engine load. The present work suggests 4.5POME2.5AO93D algae-diesel fuel blends with POME additive as a suitable eco-friendly alternative fuel as it gives better emission results compared to other fuel blends.
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Adzmi, M. A., A. Abdullah, Z. Abdullah, and A. G. Mrwan. "Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 6859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.03.0515.
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Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for
PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.
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Tambe, E. B., A. U. Okonkwo, L. C. Eme, and I. C. Ezeomedo. "Prediction of Biochemical Methane Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent." October 2022 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2022.02.0360.
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Exploring green energy options constitute a contemporary tenet in designing a sustainable future. This study investigated the independent variables (milling scales, types of fresh fruit bunches and seasons) that define the dynamics of biochemical methane potential (BMP) or bio-methane and organic content in palm oil mill effluent (POME) generated in ADAPALM (large-scale mill) and palm oil mills in its surrounding communities, located in Ohaji/Egbema LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. The eight communities that constitute ADAPALM were categorised into three strata in relation to the number of small-scale mills in each community (1-5mills, 6-10mills, 11-15mills). Besides the lone large and medium-scale mills, a small-scale mill was randomly sampled from a community in each stratum. Four homogenous samples of POME were collected from each mill for laboratory analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total carbon (TC) using standard methods for wastewater analysis. Prediction of BMP for each sample of POME composition and fraction of substrate used for cell synthesis (fs) wherein POME is classified was computed using biogas package. Data was analysed using tools of SPSS. Multiple linear regression reveals that there is a significant relationship between the predicted volume of BMP with milling scales and seasons (p<0.01), R2=0.927. Similarly, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) shows that the organic content of POME is significantly related to milling scales and seasons (p<0.01). At fs=8% in methanogenic condition, BMP is 22.800±0.282LCH4/m3POME and 75.532±0.149LCH4/m3POME in the wet and dry seasons respectively. These respectively correspond to methane production capacity of 0.057±0.005KgCH4/KgCOD and 0.014±0.001KgCH4/KgCOD. The variance explained by the dependent variable (R2) indicates the importance of these independent variables in determining the BMP and organic content of POME in the area. The predicted dynamics of BMP and their associated wastewater composition provide useful tools in regulating the wastewater content and evaluating its feasibility for bio-energy development.
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Amoah-Buahin, Evelyn, Neil Bone, and John Armstrong. "Hyphal Growth in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 7 (July 2005): 1287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.7.1287-1297.2005.
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ABSTRACT The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe grows in a single-celled form or can mate and undergo meiosis and sporulation. Here we show that wild-type S. pombe can also differentiate to form elaborately branched hyphae which invade deep into solid medium. Branches appear in the hyphae adjacent to unseparated septa. Electron microscopy reveals unusual multivesicular structures within the hyphae. Nitrogen deprivation appears to be the main stimulus for hyphal growth. No mitogen-activated protein kinase is necessary for the response. Inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production or signaling prevents the response, and exogenous cAMP promotes it, suggesting that detection of a good carbon source is required for hyphal growth but not for mating.
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Klein, André, Alexandra Lebreton, Jérome Lemoine, Jean-Marc Périni, Philippe Roussel, and Jean-Claude Michalski. "Identification of urinary oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 44, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 2422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/44.12.2422.
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Abstract A new method of urinary oligosaccharides identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry is presented. The method involves three steps: coupling of the urinary oligosaccharides with 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid; fast purification over a porous graphite carbon extraction column; and mass spectrometric analysis. Identification of urinary oligosaccharides is based on the patterns and values of the pseudomolecular ions observed. We report here the patterns in urines from patients with Pompe disease, alpha and beta mannosidoses, galacto-sialidosis, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The protocols described here allowed facile and sensitive identification of the pathognomonic oligosacchariduria present in lysosomal diseases and can be extended to any pathological oligosacchariduria.
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Wan Mohammad Hamdan, Wan Nur Athirah, Teow Yeit Haan, and Abdul Wahab Mohammad. "Sustainable Approach in Palm Oil Industry – Green Synthesis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Based Graphene Sand Composite (P-GSC) for Aerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, no. 7 (November 30, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(7)-02.
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Graphene sand composite (GSC), sand media coated with graphene, possess higher adsorption capacity for wastewater treatment compared to conventional activated carbon (AC). However, large-scale synthesis of GSC due to costly carbonaceous source appears as a great challenge towards commercial application. Palm oil mill effluent (POME), which abundantly discharged from the palm oil industry, appears to be a potentially low cost carbonaceous source for the synthesis of GSC. This study presented a green chemistry approach by utilizing the POME as carbonaceous source coated on the different particle size of river sand in synthesizing POME-based GSC (P-GSC). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the successful graphinization of POME coated onto the river sand surface. Adsorption studies - batch column study and batch equilibrium study showed that small size P-GSC (0.30 – 0.60 mm) had the best performance in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) from diluted aerobic POME up to 94.7 %, 92.3 %, 83.3 %, and 51.5 %, respectively. This could be attributed to its larger surface area that provides more active sites for adsorption. Equilibrium sorption data of small size P-GSC was well-fitted to the Freundlich model and its associated adsorption kinetic could be described by Pseudo First Order model. The concept of sustainable waste-to-treat-waste has been proven throughout this study, where POME can be utilized to produce high performance P-GSC that can be used to treat aerobic POME.
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Emparan, Quin, Razif Harun, and Yew Sing Jye. "Phycoremediation of treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) using Nannochloropsis sp. cells immobilized in the biological sodium alginate beads: Effect of POME concentration." BioResources 14, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 9429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.9429-9443.
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The use of freely suspended cells of microalgae culture to treat wastewater is of current global interest because of their effective photosynthetic uptake of pollutants, carbon dioxide sequestration, and biomass production for desirable high value-products. Biomass immobilization is a promising option to overcome the harvesting problem that is encountered when using free-cells upon completion of the wastewater treatment process. In this study, Nannochloropsis sp. cells were immobilized in sodium alginate beads to eliminate the harvesting limitation. The microalgal beads were further cultivated in treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The effect of POME concentration on COD removal and microalgal cells growth was investigated, respectively. It was found that the maximum biomass concentration of 1.23 g/L and COD removal of 55% from 10% POME were achieved after 9 days. An increment of POME concentration did not cause any improvement to the treatment efficiency due to the inhibitory effect of high initial COD of POME on the biomass concentration and was further responsible for low COD removal. The immobilized cells showed a systematic growth, demonstrating that the beads are biocompatible as immobilization carrier. In conclusion, the immobilized microalgal cells could be a viable alternative technology system for POME treatment as well as biomass production.
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Ooi, Wen Ching, Debbie Dominic, Mohd Asyraf Kassim, and Siti Baidurah. "Biomass Fuel Production through Cultivation of Microalgae Coccomyxa dispar and Scenedesmus parvus in Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Simultaneous Phycoremediation." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020336.
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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a potential alternative sources of biomass fuel upon phycoremediation treatment using microorganisms. In this study, Coccomyxa dispar and Scenedesmus parvus, as acidophilic microalgae, were used to investigate growth and the production of biomass fuel from the cultivation of POME, as well the effectiveness of removing contaminants from POME. Individual cultivation was conducted at 26 ± 3 °C for 14 days under three growth modes (mixotrophic, heterotrophic, and autotrophic). To elucidate the potential phycoremediation properties, the characteristics of treated POME were compared, such as optical density (OD), cell dry weight (CDW), calorific energy values (CEV), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis, including oil and grease content. S. parvus exhibits an outstanding growth profile for all growth modes compared to C. dispar, with measurements of 228.8, 37.08, and 118.2 mg/L observed at day 14 of cultivation. The highest CEV is 32.30 MJ/kg, which was obtained from S. parvus in the mixotrophic mode. Maximum removal efficiency for COD and BOD was 81% and 19% in the mixotrophic growth mode with S. parvus. These results pinpoint that S. parvus has the potential to be utilized for biomass fuel production with high CEV and effective POME phycoremediation.
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Sari, Fitria Yuli Anggita, I. Made Aditya Suryajaya, Marcelinus Christwardana, and H. Hadiyanto. "Cultivation of Microalgae Spirulina platensis in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Media with Variations of POME Concentration and Nutrient Composition." Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbes.2022.15052.
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Indonesia and Malaysia are recognized as the world's leading producers of palm oil. Along with the growth of the palm oil industry in Indonesia, the amount of Palm Oil Mill Effluent has increased. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a liquid byproduct of the palm oil production process. POME has been treated using aerobic and anaerobic ponds to lower Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels, but it still includes nutrients like as C,N,P that are beneficial to the development of microalgae. On this study, Spirulina platensis was grown in POME medium with 20%, 40%, and 60% V. concentrations. Every two days, the nutrients Urea, NaHCO3, and TSP were administered. Seven days of aeration and 24-hour lights are used throughout the cultivation phase. The results indicate that POME with a 20 % concentration is the optimal medium for plant growth. Add 25 ppm Urea, 50 ppm TSP, and 200 ppm NaHCO3 for the optimal nutritional composition. At the same treatment on various medium, the highest growth rate of Spirulina platensis is determined to be µ = 0.128% per day, with an optical density of 0.648. Carbon reductions range from 83.03 % to 84.10 %, while Nitrogen savings range from 78 % to 79.55 % when POME is used as a growing medium. This study also shown that the C, N, and P concentrations of POME fall by 93 to 98 %, 99 to 99.5 %, and 92 to 97 %, respectively.
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Tjahjono, Endro wahju, Arfiana Arfiana, Era Restu Finalis, and Ali Nurdin. "DESIGN OF BIOGAS COOLING PROCESSING FROM POME FOR (CSTR) CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR SYSTEM." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i2.3856.
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POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) can be used as for biogas production, with the main content of (65%) methane gas (CH4) and 35% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), H2S, and H2O gases. Apart from being a gas fuel and a source of electricity generation, biogas from POME waste as well as a waste processor becomes more environmentally friendly (according to quality standards). In order to support the process production of biogas from POME by using Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTR), it is necessary to decrease POME’s temperature to meet the requirements of the reactor operating conditions. Cooling process by using a Cooling Tower through direct contact between fluids can be a good alternative to be used as a POME cooling method because of its effectiveness in heat exchange and smaller area needed than an open ponds. The type of cooling tower used is the Induced Draft Cooling Tower. In cooling tower design, the steps involved in determining the basic design, calculation of tower dimensions, basin, fan power, losses, and cooling air requirements. Based on the calculation, the tower dimensions determine a height of 5 m, length of 3.6 m, and width of 2.5 m, while the basin cooling tower dimensions determine a height of 2.7 m, length of 3.6 m, and width of 2.5 m, fan power of 5 hp. The cooling air requirement for the POME cooling process is 82,895.14 kg/hour. Keywords : POME; Cooling Tower; CSTR; Fuel; Biogas
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Uribelarrea, J. L., H. De Queiroz, G. Goma, and A. Pareilleux. "Carbon and energy balances in cell-recycle cultures ofSchizosaccharomyces pombe." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42, no. 6 (September 5, 1993): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420608.
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Masjuki, H. H., and M. A. Maleque. "Wear, Performance and Emissions of a Two-Stroke Engine Running on Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blended Lubricant." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 210, no. 4 (December 1996): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_503_02.
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Results of study on wear of piston rings, engine performance and exhaust gas emissions of palm oil methyl ester (POME) as a lubricating oil additive in a two-stroke gasoline engine test are presented. Piston ring wear behaviour was monitored as a function of running time. The power output and brake specific fuel consumption of the engine were measured at different speeds. Varnish/lacquer and carbon deposit on the spark plug electrode, cylinder and piston heads as well as exhaust gas (CO2, CO and O2) emission were measured. For comparison purposes, two types of commercial lubricating oils, viz. oil A and oil B were used. The wear resistance of piston rings with POME blending lubrication was found to be greater than the pure commercial oil lubrication. Other results indicate that the POME acts as an additive which improves the engine performance and exhaust emissions of two-stroke gasoline engines.
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Ng, K. P., K. W. Liew, and E. Lim. "Role of Eco-Friendly Bio-Based Graphene-Oil Nanofluids on Friction Reduction for Wind Turbine Application." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012012.
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Abstract Sustainable energy such as wind turbine is known as a green technology that minimize the carbon emission into environment. However, unwanted friction and wear in journal bearing of a wind turbine’s gearbox leads to reduction of power efficiency and increase the reliance onto fossil-fuel powered electricity. Lubricating oils are used in journal bearing to provide the hydrodynamic lubrication film. However, commercially available lubricants are petroleum-based, which are non-replenishable and toxic. Thus, the bio-degradable vegetable oil, high oleic palm oil-based methyl ester (high oleic POME) was used as a base oil synthesized with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nanostructured graphite (NSG), respectively, to enhance the friction and wear reduction. The tribological performance of each type of bio-based graphene-oil nanofluid was studied using pin-on-ring tribo-tester. It is concluded that NSG in high oleic POME shows 52.03% friction coefficient reduction and 59.27% pin specimen weight loss reduction. With this significant friction and wear reduction, power efficiency of wind turbine will be improved significantly. Thus, the reliance of society depending on fossil-fuel powered electricity can be reduced and minimize the carbon emission into the environment.
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Sivakova, Barbara, Jan Jurcik, Veronika Lukacova, Tomas Selicky, Ingrid Cipakova, Peter Barath, and Lubos Cipak. "Label-Free Quantitative Phosphoproteomics of the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Using Strong Anion Exchange- and Porous Graphitic Carbon-Based Fractionation Strategies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041747.
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The phosphorylation of proteins modulates various functions of proteins and plays an important role in the regulation of cell signaling. In recent years, label-free quantitative (LFQ) phosphoproteomics has become a powerful tool to analyze the phosphorylation of proteins within complex samples. Despite the great progress, the studies of protein phosphorylation are still limited in throughput, robustness, and reproducibility, hampering analyses that involve multiple perturbations, such as those needed to follow the dynamics of phosphoproteomes. To address these challenges, we introduce here the LFQ phosphoproteomics workflow that is based on Fe-IMAC phosphopeptide enrichment followed by strong anion exchange (SAX) and porous graphitic carbon (PGC) fractionation strategies. We applied this workflow to analyze the whole-cell phosphoproteome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Using this strategy, we identified 8353 phosphosites from which 1274 were newly identified. This provides a significant addition to the S. pombe phosphoproteome. The results of our study highlight that combining of PGC and SAX fractionation strategies substantially increases the robustness and specificity of LFQ phosphoproteomics. Overall, the presented LFQ phosphoproteomics workflow opens the door for studies that would get better insight into the complexity of the protein kinase functions of the fission yeast S. pombe.
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A., Cakra M., Himsar Ambarita, Taufiq B. N, Alfian Hamsi, Terang UHS Ginting, and Pramio G. S. "KARAKTERISTIK LAJU PENGERINGAN PADA MESIN PENGERING PAKAIAN SISTEM POMPA KALOR." DINAMIS 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dinamis.v4i3.7085.
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masalah yang sering dihadapi jasa laundry pada penyediaan mesin untuk pengering pakaian. Selama ini mesin pengering pakaian yang beredar di pasaran, sumber panasnya beragam, mulai dari uap panas (steam), gas (api) atau listrik (heater). Energi yang digunakan untuk prosedur ini sangat besar (energi yang dihasilkan lebih besar daripada yang dapat dimanfaatkan). Melalui pembuatan model fisik mesin portable pengering pakaian berdasarkan pompa kalor ini, diharapkan dapat menghemat energi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performansi siklus kompresi uap pada mesin pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor daya 1 PK serta mengetahui karakteristik laju pemgeringan pakaian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perhitungan termodinamika dengan refrigeran yang dipakai Hydro Chloro Fluoro Carbon (HCFC-22). Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh koefisien performansi siklus kompresi uap atau Coefficient of Perfomance (COP) dan karakteristik laju pengeringan pakaian.
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Tsai, C. Stan, Antonio J. Aveledo, Ian J. McDonald, and Byron F. Johnson. "Diauxic growth of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe in mixtures of D-glucose and ethanol or acetate." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-103.
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The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was unable to utilize ethanol or acetate as its sole carbon source for growth. However, ethanol and acetate were utilized in the presence of D-glucose during diauxic growth. No mutants capable of utilizing ethanol or acetate as sole carbon source were isolated from cultures grown in glucose together with ethanol or acetate. Low concentrations of acetate facilitated growth with glucose, whereas high concentrations of ethanol or acetate were inhibitory. Growing cells readily took up [1-14C]ethanol and [1-14C]acetate. The exogenous [1-14C]acetate was initially incorporated into biomacromolecules which were subsequently catabolized.
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Dominic, Debbie, and Siti Baidurah. "Biomass Fuel Production through Fermentation of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 in Various Ratios of Palm Oil Mill Effluent and Empty Fruit Bunch." Processes 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051444.
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Biomass wastes originating from palm oil milling activities can be characterized by their high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), and oil and grease content. The utilization of oil palm wastes such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) has great potential for a sustainable energy biomass pellet as it reduces the reliance on conventional materials for energy production. A mixture of POME and EFB in various ratios ranging between 7:3, 8:2, 9:1, and 10:0 was fermented in the presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 for 120 h at 37 ± 2 °C and 180 rpm with the aim of elucidating the biodegradation of complex organic material in terms of BOD, COD, TSS, total organic carbon, inorganic carbon, and total carbon content. After fermentation, the mixtures were oven dried at 105 °C overnight and then subjected to calorific energy value (CEV) determination. The highest CEV of 20.26 MJ/kg was achieved for a ratio of 10:0 (slightly higher than the control experiment with the value of 18.67 MJ/kg), with maximum removal efficiencies of COD (12.19%), BOD (11.72%), TSS (93.94%), and oil reduction of 17.43%. The addition of EFB did not positively increase the CEV.
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Mohammad, Sharifah, Siti Baidurah, Naofumi Kamimura, Seitaro Matsuda, Nurul Alia Syufina Abu Bakar, Nik Nur Izzati Muhamad, Aizat Hisham Ahmad, Debbie Dominic, and Takaomi Kobayashi. "Fermentation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in the Presence of Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to Produce Alternative Biomass Fuel." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111915.
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A bacterial strain, identified as Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 POME, was isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The present article highlights the potential utilization of POME as a sole fermentation medium by Lysinibacillus sp. LC 556247 to produce biomass fuel via aerobic fermentation. The fermentation was performed in a shake flask with a working volume of 300 mL, agitated at 180 rpm, incubated at 35 ± 2 °C for various fermentation hours, ranging from 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, and was followed by a drying process. Elucidation of the POME characteristics, calorific energy values (CEV), moisture content (MC), oil and grease content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, total nitrogen, and the colony-forming unit (CFU) were performed. The results demonstrate that the highest CEV, of 21.25 ± 0.19 MJ/kg, was obtained at 48 h fermentation. High amounts of extractable oil and nitrogen content were retrieved at the highest CEV reading of the fermented and dried POME samples, which were 17.95 ± 0.02% and 12.80 ± 0.08%, respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies for the COD (50.83%), the BOD (71.73%), and the TSS (42.99%) were achieved at 120 h of fermentation, with an operating pH ranging from 4.49–4.54. The XRF analysis reveals that the fermented and dried products consisted of elements that had a high amount of carbon and potassium, and a significantly low amount of silica, which is sufficient for the effective burning of biomass fuel in the boiler.
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Raksajati, Anggit, Tri Partono Adhi, and Danu Ariono. "Pengaruh Tekanan Dan Tahap Kompresi Dalam Pemurnian Biogas Menjadi Biometana Dengan Absorpsi CO2 Menggunakan Air Bertekanan." Indo. J. Chem. Res. 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/10.30598//ijcr.2020.8-ang.
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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from condensate stew, hydrocyclone water, and sludge separator contains organic carbon with a COD more than 40 g/L and a nitrogen content of about 0.2 and 0.5 g/L as ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. At present, the POME is converted into biogas using anaerobic ponds. Biogas produced contains 60% methane (CH4) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be purified into biomethane through CO2 absorption using water. This study evaluates the optimum pressure and feed compression stage in biogas upgrading into biomethane. The results show the rate of circulation of water needed to separate CO2 from biogas feed decreases with increasing absorber pressure due to increased solubility of CO2 in water. Water circulation pumps and biogas compressor works increase due to the increase in pressure difference needed. The optimum pressure of the biogas biogas purification unit is within the range of 7-10 bar. At the same absorber pressure, the 1 stage feed compression unit is cheaper than that of 2 stages. However, the overall process with 1 compression stage might not be more economical than the 2-stage if consider the higher methane loss.
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Halim, Amanatuzzakiah Abdul, Amirah Samsudin, Azlin Suhaida Azmi, and Mohd Nazri Mohd Nawi. "NUTRIENTS AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) REMOVALS BY MICROALGAE-BACTERIA CO-CULTURE SYSTEM IN PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)." IIUM Engineering Journal 20, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i2.1109.
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In Malaysia, large amounts of waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) are generated during the production process of crude palm oil. Conventionally, POME is treated using biological treatment that involves two processes; aerobic and anaerobic. These processes however, require long hydraulic retention time and produce methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) that can cause environmental problems. Alternatively, POME can be treated by a combination of microalgae and bacterial co-culture that requires a shorter treatment time and is environmentally friendly. In this study, a microalgae strain, Chlorella vulgaris was co-cultured with a bacteria strain Azospirillum brasilense in POME with an initial concentration of 1.9´106 cells/mL and 104 CFU/mL, respectively. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients (phosphorus and ammonium) were analyzed using Standard Methods, APHA 1999. The effectiveness of the co-culture system in POME treatment under agitation and aeration conditions for nutrients and COD removals were studied. Results show that the removal of ammonium by microalgae was much higher under the aeration condition (73.5%) compared to that of the agitation condition (34.4%) in POME. Moreover, co-culture system exhibits better removal of ammonium, phosphorus, and COD (84%, 87.3% and 51.8%, respectively) compared to that in an axenic microalgae system (67%, 84.2% and 41.1%, respectively). The kinetic studies on the co-culture system and the nutrients removal were also conducted. The kinetic coefficients of maximum specific growth rate (µmax) and half-saturation coefficient (ks) obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plot were 0.192 d?1 and 27.32 mg/L, respectively. Based on the findings obtained, the co-culture system could be implemented as an efficient and inexpensive alternative method for POME treatment.
ABSTRACT: Di Malaysia, banyak bahan buangan kilang minyak kelapa sawit yang dikenali sebagai (POME) telah terhasil ketika proses penghasilan minyak kelapa sawit mentah. Dahulu, POME dirawat menggunakan rawatan biologi yang terdiri daripada dua proses; erob dan anaerob. Walau bagaimanapun, proses-proses ini memerlukan masa yang panjang bagi pengekalan hidraulik dan gas metana dan karbon dioksida (CO2) telah terhasil yang menyebabkan masalah alam. Sebagai alternatif, POME dapat dirawat dengan kombinasi mikroalga dan sistem bakteria ko-kultur melalui masa rawatan yang lebih pendek dan mesra alam. Kajian ini, strain mikroalga, Chlorella vulgaris telah di ko-kultur dengan strain bakteria Azospirillum brasilense dalam POME dengan ketumpatan awal 1.9´106 sel/mL dan 104 CFU/mL masing-masing. Penyingkiran kehendak oksigen secara kimia (COD) dan nutrisi (fosferus dan ammonium) telah dikaji menggunakan Kaedah Biasa, APHA 1999. Keberkesanan system ko-kultur dalam rawatan POME di bawah keadaan kisaran dan pengudaraan bagi nutrisi dan penyingkiran COD telah diselidiki. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penyingkiran ammonium menggunakan mikroalga lebih banyak melalui keadaan pengudaraan (73.5%) berbanding keadaan kisaran (34.4%) dalam POME. Tambahan, system ko-kultur menunjukkan lebih bagus dalam penyingkiran ammonium, fosferus dan COD (84%, 87.3% dan 51.8%, masing-masing) dibandingkan dengan sistem mikroalga aksenik (67%, 84.2% dan 41.1%, masing-masing). Kajian kinetik pada sistem ko-kultur dan penyingkiran nutrisi turut dijalankan. Pekali kinetik kadar maksimum pertumbuhan sebenar (µmax) dan pekali separuh-penepuan (ks) telah diperolehi melalui plot Lineweaver-Burk iaitu 0.192 d?1 dan 27.32 mg/L, masing-masing. Berdasarkan penemuan ini, sistem ko-kultur boleh dijalankan dengan cekap dan murah sebagai pilihan alternatif kepada rawatan POME.
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Chung, Andrew Yap Kian, and Ummi Kalsum Hasanah M.N. "Computer Aided Simulation POME Biogas Purification System." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(2)-15.
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About three (3) tonnes of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated when one (1) tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) is produced. Microbial digestion treatment is commonly used in Malaysian palm oil mills due to the low capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). However, anaerobic digestion of POME produces methane gas which is 21 times more harmful than carbon dioxide. 1m<sup>3</sup> of POME could generate 27m<sup>3</sup> of biogas at standard temperature and pressure with approximate caloric value of 20 MJm<sup>-3</sup> under optimum conditions Thus, methane capturing biogas plant to address sustainability issue is included as part of effluent treatment plant. Many mills start to utilise the biogas energy to replace palm kernel shell which could be sold as renewable solid fuel. Although untreated biogas may be good enough for boiler fuel, internal combustion engines need a fairly homogeneous fuel with methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) content up to 80 % and hydrogen sulphite (H<sub>2</sub>S) content less than 200 ppm in order to ensure the optimum engine performance. Water scrubber system is widely used in gas purification. Computer aided biogas purification system simulation involving water scrubber and flashing drum is presented in the effort to produce IC engine fuel. ChemCAD simulation result shows that POME biogas purification process is feasible at 10 bar pressure and 25°C ambient temperature.
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Yilmazer, M., B. Bayrak, B. Kartal, S. K. Uzuner, and Bedia Palabiyik. "Identification of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ird Mutants Resistant to Glucose Suppression and Oxidative Stress." Folia Biologica 67, no. 5-6 (2021): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2021067050163.
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Glucose is both the favourite carbon and energy source and acts as a hormone that plays a regulating role in many biological processes. Calorie restriction extends the lifespan in many organisms, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, while uptake of high glucose leads to undesired results, such as diabetes and aging. In this study, sequence analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe ird5 and ird11 mutants was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques and a total of 20 different mutations were detected. ird11 is resistant to oxidative stress without calorie restriction, whereas ird5 displays an adaptive response against oxidative stress. We selected nine candidate mutations located in the non-coding (6) and coding (3) region among a total of 20 different mutations. The nine candidate mutations, which are thought to be responsible for ird5 and ird11 mutant phenotypes, were investigated via forward and backward mutations by using various cloning techniques. The results of this study provide report-like information that will contribute to understanding the relationship between glucose sensing/signalling and oxidative stress response components.
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Bonin, B., A. Boudard, H. Fanet, R. W. Fergerson, M. Garçon, C. Giorgetti, J. Habault, et al. "POMME: A medium energy deuteron polarimeter based on semi-inclusive α-carbon scattering." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 288, no. 2-3 (March 1990): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90129-t.
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Tsai, C. S., H. G. Ye, and J. L. Shi. "Carbon-13 NMR Studies and Purification of Gluconate Pathway Enzymes from Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 316, no. 1 (January 1995): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1995.1023.
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Che Hamzah, Nurul Husna, Azmi Yahya, Hasfalina Che Man, and Azhari Samsu Baharuddin. "Effect of pretreatments on compost production from shredded oil palm empty fruit bunch with palm oil mill effluent anaerobic sludge and chicken manure." BioResources 13, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): 4998–5012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.4998-5012.
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Rapid co-composting of lignocellulosic oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a cost-effective and sustainable way to eliminate biomass residues. In this study, suitable pre-treatments and co-substrates for an accelerated composting treatment process were investigated. A steam pre-treatment was performed prior to composting. The composting mixtures were placed in plastic drums under a roofed area. They were regularly turned for aeration and measured for temperature, oxygen, moisture content, bulk density, carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and fiber tensile strength. C/N ratio is the main parameter measured as a maturity indicator for the compost. The compost temperature was above 60 °C during the thermophilic phase after the steam pre-treatment, based on the heat produced by the microbes. Steam-treated OPEFB and untreated OPEFB co-composted with chicken manure achieved the same maximum temperature of 62 °C and C/N ratios of 8.76 and 9.58, respectively. Steam pretreatment did not have significant effect when the treated OPEFB was co-composted with POME anaerobic sludge due to insufficient steam pressure at 40 psi and 140 °C. Steam-treated OPEFB and untreated OPEFB co-composted with POME anaerobic sludge achieved 54 °C and 60 °C, respectively, while the C/N ratios were 12.41 and 10.14, respectively.
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Desmiarti, Reni, Maulana Yusup Rosadi, Ariadi Hazmi, Muhammad Miftahur Rahman, Nofri Naldi, and Joni Aldilla Fajri. "Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Integrated with the Aerated Condition: Evaluation Based on Stoichiometric Simulation and Kinetic Study." Key Engineering Materials 971 (December 20, 2023): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-213rv9.
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In this study, the performance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) integrated with the aerobic process with the input voltage of 20 and 25 kV on the production of biogas; methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) from palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated. The DBD and DBD integrated with the aerobic process (DBD + aerobic) treatment was also simulated using the theoretical stoichiometric of POME (in terms of carbohydrate) and the kinetic study using the first- and second-order kinetic model. The results showed only 0.58, 0.39, and 0.97 mol/L of CH4, H2, and CO2, respectively, generated from the simulation model, which underperformed those experimental results. This may be due to the low concentration of carbohydrates given by the simulated stoichiometric reaction. However, both simulation and experimental results showed a rapid increase in biogas concentration in the initial reaction time in the DBD + aerobic reactor with an input voltage of 25 kV. The results showed that DBD + reactor produced CH4, H2, and CO2 thirteen, twenty-three, and three times higher than DBD alone, respectively. This suggests that good performance was observed when the DBD was integrated with the aerobic process under the optimum input voltage. The study can give information on the optimum condition in a lab scale to produce CH4, H2, and CO2 from POME.
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Al Hakim, Hisyam Musthafa, and Lya Agustina. "POTENSI GAS RUMAH KACA (GRK) KOLAM ANAEROBIK PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT (LCPKS)." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i3.5691.
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World vegetable oil needs to be increased every year along with population growth. Vegetable oil which potential to supply is palm oil because it has the highest productivity compared to other vegetable oil sources. Behind the rapid development of palm oil, came negative issue about environmental damage especially the increase of greenhouse gas emissions caused by the palm oil industry. This research aimed to calculate the potential of greenhouse gas caused by palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment in the anaerobic pond. The method used is by capture methane and carbon dioxide at the float chamber then gas chromatography analyzed. The results showed that the highest methane and carbon dioxide released at night (10.00 – 11.00 pm). The average potential released methane is 9441.28 mg C-CH4 m-2h-1 and Carbon dioxide is 5920.74 mg C-CO2 m-2h-1.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Study Investigates Conversion of Biomethane From CO2 and Biohydrogen." Journal of Petroleum Technology 75, no. 07 (July 1, 2023): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0723-0098-jpt.
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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 22744, “Accelerated Methanogenesis for the Conversion of Biomethane From Carbon Dioxide and Biohydrogen at Hyperthermophilic Conditions,” by Ivy C.C. Hsia, Petronas, and Mohd F.A. Wahab and Nur K.A. Jalil, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ Methanogenesis is the conversion of CO2 to methane (CH4) using microbes. In the context of CO2 usage, the process of methanogenesis using native microbes from a particular reservoir can be a very slow process without any external intervention. The study detailed in this complete paper investigates the use of agriculture byproducts such as palm oil mill effluent (POME) as substrates, along with potential microbial isolates that can produce biohydrogen at high temperatures. The authors write that stimulation of microbes using POME as substrate with hydrogen (H2)/CO2 supplementation is important in accelerating the rate and yield of CH4 production. Introduction The authors write that a population of microbes isolated from sludge of agriculture wastes, when given proper conditions and nutrients, was able to accelerate the rate of methanogenesis. POME is an agricultural byproduct from which a huge microbial community can be manipulated for methanogenesis, specifically for hydrogen production. This study incorporates the process of dark fermentation, using POME to generate hydrogen required to convert CO2 to CH4 in a syntrophic reaction at hyperthermophilic temperatures. Accounting for both the high reservoir temperatures (above 100°C) common to Malaysia and the temperature-tolerance limit of most microorganisms in general, the authors selected 70°C as the temperature to be studied. They write that, as their team studied a range of different temperatures, anaerobic microbes showed no production of biohydrogen and CH4 above 70°C.
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Simwaka, Pacsu L., Eyob H. Tesfamariam, Amos R. Ngwira, and Paxie W. Chirwa. "Carbon sequestration and selected hydraulic characteristics under conservation agriculture and traditional tillage practices in Malawi." Soil Research 58, no. 8 (2020): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20007.
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Conservation agriculture (CA) is increasingly promoted among smallholder farmers of sub-Saharan Africa in a quest to improve food security while sustaining the natural resource base of the agro-ecosystems where agriculture is based. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CA and traditional tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC) and selected hydraulic properties in two contrasting agro-ecological zones of Malawi. Six farmers hosted on-farm trials in each location, with each farmer having the following treatments: CA with continuous sole maize (CA-SM), CA with maize–legume intercrops (CA-ML), and traditional tillage with continuous sole maize (CT-SM). Soil samples were randomly collected in October 2015, from farmers’ fields located in Chipeni, Chinguluwe, Lemu, and Zidyana where CA had been implemented for 10 years (2005–2015) at six depth intervals: 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm. Bulk density, soil water characteristics, and pore size distribution were determined using undisturbed core samples. At all sites, CA improved total SOC, carbon stocks, and the stable fraction of particulate organic carbon. Maize–legume intercropping under CA had 35%, 33%, and 73% more total SOC than CT-SM in Chipeni, Lemu, and Zidyana respectively. In Chinguluwe and Lemu, CA-ML had 0.54 and 0.50 g kg–1 respectively more stable fraction of particulate organic carbon (POMP) than CT-SM; whereas in Chipeni, CA-SM had 0.73 g kg–1 higher POMP compared with CT-SM. CA also improved soil porosity, pore size distribution, and water retention capacity by increasing the proportion of mesopores and micropores compared with CT-SM. Thus, changing management practices from CT-SM to CA has the potential to improve the soil organic matter and soil hydraulic properties across agro-ecological zones in Malawi, which is important for sustainable agriculture. Farmers should be encouraged to minimise tillage, retain residues as mulch on the soil surface, and practice crop rotation.
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Ahmad, Adibah Dayana, Jailani Salihon, and Ding Gong Tao. "Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration by Microalgae Culture in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Medium." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.311.
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The microalgae Chlorella sp. grows well in POME medium sparged with a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and air under 10,000 lx of lighting. The percentage of CO2 in the mixture, and the flow rate of the mixture (representing agitation) have important effects on the microalgae biomass yield. However, the percentage recovery of CO2 as microalgae biomass was very low in all cases, indicating that most of the sparged CO2 did not dissolve in the POME and was not sequestered by the microalgae but has in fact escaped with the bubbles into the head-space and out into the atmosphere. This result indicates that in order to increase the percentage of CO2 recovered, the area of improvement is mainly in the mass transfer of CO2 from the gas phase into the liquid phase. To ensure that dissolved CO2 does not re-form bubbles, the mass transfer has to be demand-driven, where the rate of uptake of dissolved CO2 by the microalgae has to be higher than the rate of mass transfer of CO2 from gas phase into the liquid medium.