Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pomme de terre – Cultures'
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Boudjeniba, Messaoud. "Contributions à la connaissance du bioessai "Crow-gall de pomme de terre"." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066094.
Full textHassane, Ramatou. "La production de pomme de terre et recompositions socio-économiques dans l'Imanan, Niger." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20139/document.
Full textIt is in 1954 when the farmers of the rural district of Imanan, situated in the West of Niger, began the practice of the culture of potato. Of a simple culture of supplement associated with other speculations, the production of potato is an integral part local systems of productions. It is the main adaptive strategy of the farmers of the Imanan to face food crises. Several factors of economic, social and political orders, in narrow link with the evolution and the local events contributed to his distribution and to its expansion. Culture of pension was turned (shot) to the market; the potato allows the developers to reach income contributing strongly to the subsistence of the households (house works). In a context marked by economic and social differentiations between social groups, the production of potato, due to the income which she (it) gets to the farmers, favor the empowerment of the disadvantaged social groups among which the young people and the women. But only the developers who can mobilize enough financial resources can make profitable the production. The difference of the income which pull the producers of the culture of the potato is bound in particular to the access of these to plants, to use of the motor-pump and to employment of an external agricultural workforce. The lack of adequate organization of the sector apple of earth conjugated to the weakness of the alternatives of financing does not allow certain producers to take place storekeeper (Maï Gida) wholesalers of the sector potato. The producers are forced to sell their products to the storekeepers of the " Small market " of Niamey
Gavelle, Erwan. "Surveillance phytosanitaire des cultures de pommes de terre à l’aide de la télédétection par aéronef sans pilote." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6751.
Full textWunsch, Jaime Airton. "Intégration des contraintes du marché dans la conduite des cultures : effet de la différenciation des produits sur la conduite de la culture de pomme de terre de conservation dans les exploitaitions agricoles de Picardie." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0007.
Full textCrépin, Alexandre. "Développement d'une stratégie de lutte globale ciblant la communication impliquée dans la virulence des bactéries macergènes de la pomme de terre." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES004.
Full textBoquel, Sébastien. "Propension vectorielle des pucerons dans l’épidémiologie du virus Y (PVY) en culture de pommes de terre." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0107.
Full textPotato virus Y (PVY) is a phytovirus transmitted in a non-persistent fashion by aphid vectors to a broad range of plants. A diagnosis carried out in 2006 in Picardy showed that 80 to 90 % of aphids trapped in potato fields corresponded to non-colonizing potato aphids. Thus, the main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the ability of different aphid species to transmit PVY to potato plants, whether they were potato colonizing aphids (Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae) or not (Aphis fabae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Sitobion avenae, Acyrtosiphon pisum et Rhopalosiphum padi). For each aphid species, vector activity, corresponding to the behavioural component (feeding and locomotion behaviour) involved in the spreading of phytoviruses and vector efficiency, corresponding to its ability to acquire and inoculate viruses, were determined. The vector activity study showed that in potato colonizing aphids, apterous individuals, born from colonizing alates, exhibit a sedentary behaviour and that alate dispersal ability is higher in M. Persicae than in M. Euphorbiae. Both colonizing species did not realize interplant movements contrary to non-colonizing ones. Through the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, the feeding behaviour study revealed that all species performed the intracellular punctures necessary for virus acquisition and inoculation. The infection status of the plant can modulate aphid vector activity and therefore can strongly impact on the PVY spreading. PVY-infected plants induced a phagostimulant effect on M. Persicae and S. Avenae, and a deterrent one in M. Euphorbiae, A. Fabae and B. Brassicae. Furthermore, dual choice bioassays revealed that all the aphid species tested were unable to discriminate between a healthy and a PVY-infected plant. The vector efficiency study was set up according to a novel methodology that involved the use of in vitro plants and the determination of different virus acquisition periods depending on the aphid species considered. Results showed high transmission rates for potato colonizing aphids (83 % for M. Persicae and 27 % for M. Euphorbiae), a medium to low rate for A. Pisum, B. Brassicae and S. Avenae (< 20 %) and no transmission for A. Fabae and R. Padi. Despite the high transmission rates observed for colonizing aphid species, their involvement in PVY epidemiology may be overestimated due to their sedentary behaviour. By contrast, some non-colonizing species, notably A. Pisum, B. Brassicae and S. Avenae, exhibited a vector activity favouring the spread of viruses and their high population densities in potato fields may compensate for their lower vector efficiency. This work highlights the potential role of non-colonizing potato aphid species and brings new insights into our understanding of the mechanisms governing the PVY epidemiological dynamics
Solano, solis Jaime Hernán. "Etude d´une collection de pommes de terre (Solanum tuberosum spp tuberosum L.) native de Chiloé (Chili) : Conservation in situ, Diversité morphologique et génétique, Comportement vis-à-vis de Phytophtora infestans." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0028/document.
Full textThe overall objective was to assess the genetic diversity of a collection of native potato varieties originating from the island of Chiloe, to characterize the resistance of these varieties to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and to inquire about the status of in-situ conservation. The following specific topics was developed: a) conservation in-situ of native Solanum within the great isle of Chiloe and its impact on diversity, b) evaluation of the morphological diversity of the native potatoes that we have collected c) assessment of genetic diversity of the collection by the mean of microsatellite and AFLP markers, d) characterization of field and in-vitro resistances to late blight. Based on the results of the surveys, we can conclude that in-situ maintenance of native potato diversity i is not well preserved, due to strong social and economic changes on the island of Chiloe. There is a clear process of replacing native varieties for commercial cultivars in response to market conditions. Native varieties are present in 80.5% of the farms of Chiloe, but the diversity of varieties has been significantly reduced. The results morphological diversity showed the formation of groups under the popular name and local attributes assigned by the farmers themselves. Molecular evaluation of the collection (SSRs and AFLP) reveals a high degree of genetic diversity. Both markers were consistent in classifying Solanum fernandezianum as the more distant genotype compared to all the others. The SSRs allowed the estimation of the polymorphic information content for seven loci which values ranged between 0.63 to 0.89. Both types of markers, did not provide the same groupings among the accessions. The SSR-based study showed a low differentiation between native potatoes and improved cultivated varieties. The analysis of diversity based on the AFLP was not inconsistent with this result because despite containing only one cultivar (Desiree), the cultivar was grouped with the native varieties. In relation to resistance to late blight, most accessions of native potato fall into the ranks moderately resistant to moderately susceptible
Kotchi, Serge Olivier. "Détection du stress hydrique par thermographie infrarouge : application à la culture de la pomme de terre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22198/22198.pdf.
Full textWater stress affect the yield and the crop quality. For more than twenty years, remote sensing allowed several tools developments to assess water stress detection using sensors and model such as Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Sparse crop can generate error in the interpretation of this index. The use of an imaging-radiometer combined to a high spatial resolution visible image help to remove this weakness. This study present a new water stress index based in the use of infrared thermography. A first dataset was taken from greenhouse experimental set up on potatoes species (Highlite and Chieftain) using an hand-held imaging-radiometer (ThermaCAM SC 2000). Repeated measurements were made for water-stress induced plants and for well irrigated plants at different growing stages. The study showed that an early detection of water deficit by infrared thermography is possible as well as the detection of the significant response of plant to heat stress and leaf area change based on water stress intensity. Temperature differences between crop canopy and air (Tc - Ta) are strongly correlated with the water stress. The study has permitted the development of a new index named Area Water Stress Index (AWSI) and the results obtained with this index for water stress detection are very encouraging.
Doumbouya, Moussa. "Diagnostic de sol et recommandations potassiques pour la culture de pomme de terre en sol minéral." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26481.
Full textPotassium is the element required in largest quantities by the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The effect of potassium fertilization on potato yield and quality has been extensively described in the bibliography. However, no meta-analysis has yet been performed on the Quebec potato database on potassium fertilization trials. The objective of this project was to evaluate the performance of three diagnostic methods for soil potassium to improve fertilizer recommendation for potato in Quebec: the traditional sufficiency level of available nutrients (SLAN), basic catioon saturation ratios (BCSR) and and the new compositional data analysis method of centred log ratios (CLR). The results of 57 trials of potassium fertilization in Quebec between 1970 and2013 were compiled in a database. The database was analyzed by Cate-Nelson method and meta-analysis. Diagnosis by SLAN and CLR were more accurate compared to BCSR. SLAN generated 32 vs. 21true positive specimens compared to CLR but over estimated cases of K deficiency with10 vs. 23 true negative specimens, hence underestimating cases of small response to added K. The SLAN tended to overestimate the K requirements in the intermediate soil K fertility class compared to CLR. It is suggested that the dose of K should exceed K exportations through harvest when CLR is below -2,9 and that, above a CLR value of -2,9, K fertilization should complement soil K supply. The potassium recommendation potato suggested by CRAAQ (2010) could be improved with the index CLR.
Nechi, Chaima. "Impact de la fertilisation potassique sur le lessivage du potassium sous culture de pomme de terre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26640.
Full textQuantification of nutrient movement from agricultural soils is important for both fertilizer and environmental management. This study evaluated the impact of potassium (K) fertilization on K leaching in relation to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) leaching under potato crop in sandy soils. From 2012 to 2014, two sites per year were established on loamy-sand textured soils near Quebec City. Soil series were Morin, Orleans and Saint-Nicolas. Each site included eight K treatments as a combination of rates and sources of KCl and Sul-Po-Mag with three replications. In 2012, the K was applied at four rates (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg K2O ha-1). In 2013 and 2014, another K rate was added (105 kg K2O ha-1) as well as three rates of calcium (15, 125, 250 kg Ca ha-1) applied as CaSO4. The soil solution was sampled biweekly from planting to harvest using suction lysimeters and the concentrations of K (SSK), Ca (SSCa) and Mg (SSMg) in the soil solution were measured. From 2012 to 2014, adding K fertilizers did not significantly influence the SSK except on specific dates. K leaching was higher at the beginning of the growing season, then it gradually decreased but increased at the end of the growing season until plant reached senescence stage. For all the sites, SSCa and SSMg were significantly influenced by the K treatments and the sampling period. The rate of K generally had no impact on the leaching of K in sandy soils but increased SSCa and SSMg leaching.
Guénette, Caroline. "Évaluation du potentiel de l’infrarouge spectral pour la détection hâtive du stress nutritif chez les végétaux de grandes cultures. Application à la culture de la pomme de terre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21037/21037.pdf.
Full textAt the present time, the management of fertilizers in the agricultural productions is a subject on which producers and administrators grant much attention. The overuse of fertilizers generates important environmental and financial costs which recently lead to both federal and provincial legislations in this field. To gain optimal use of nitrogenized fertilizers, one must evaluate correctly the plant‘s deficiencies. This research project aims at evaluating the potential of detection of the nutritive nitrogen deficiency on potato plants by the use of infra-red spectral remote sensing. To achieve our goal, we performed repeated measurements in a greenhouse experimental setup. Four levels of nitrogen deficiencies were induced on potato plants. The stress caused by the nutritive deficiency was measured according to agronomic techniques and remote sensing techniques, including the infra-red spectroscopy. Once the potential of detection evaluated for each technique, the comparison among them made it possible to determine which technique(s) allowed the hastiest discrimination during the growing season. An optimal combination of index has been identified. Its capacity of discrimination between levels of nitrogen deficiency has been quantified by a discriminant analysis. Research concludes with a notable improvement of discrimination potential by combining three remote sensing index.
Guénette, Caroline. "Évaluation du potentiel de l'infrarouge spectral pour la détection hâtive du stress nutritif chez les végétaux de grandes cultures. Application à la culture de la pomme de terre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17814.
Full textAt the present time, the management of fertilizers in the agricultural productions is a subject on which producers and administrators grant much attention. The overuse of fertilizers generates important environmental and financial costs which recently lead to both federal and provincial legislations in this field. To gain optimal use of nitrogenized fertilizers, one must evaluate correctly the plant‘s deficiencies. This research project aims at evaluating the potential of detection of the nutritive nitrogen deficiency on potato plants by the use of infra-red spectral remote sensing. To achieve our goal, we performed repeated measurements in a greenhouse experimental setup. Four levels of nitrogen deficiencies were induced on potato plants. The stress caused by the nutritive deficiency was measured according to agronomic techniques and remote sensing techniques, including the infra-red spectroscopy. Once the potential of detection evaluated for each technique, the comparison among them made it possible to determine which technique(s) allowed the hastiest discrimination during the growing season. An optimal combination of index has been identified. Its capacity of discrimination between levels of nitrogen deficiency has been quantified by a discriminant analysis. Research concludes with a notable improvement of discrimination potential by combining three remote sensing index.
Chaouechi, Ameni. "Lixiviation du potassium sous culture de pomme de terre irriguée en sol sableux : impact des engrais azotés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25452.
Full textYaganza, Elian-Simplice. "Utilisation post-récolte de sels organiques et inorganiques pour lutter contre la pourriture molle de la pomme de terre : base physico-chimique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23112/23112.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of 21 organic and inorganic salts to control Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca), two bacteria responsible for soft rot development in stored potato tubers. The results have shown that eleven salts (at 0.2 M) have completely inhibited the bacterial growth in vitro, among which sodium carbonate, sodium metabisulfite, trisodium phosphate, aluminum lactate, aluminum chloride, sodium bicarbonate, ammonium acetate, aluminum di-hydroxy-acetate, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were bactericidal. On potato tubers, only aluminum chloride, sodium metabisulfite and to a lesser extent sodium benzoate have markedly controlled the disease severity, during both curative and preventive applications. Based on the obtained results, it appears that the inhibitory effect of salts in vitro relates to the water ionization capacity (low pKa or low pKb) of their constituent ions, as well as their lipophilicity. However, the effect was dampened in vivo, presumably due to the buffering capacity of tuber tissue and Donnan effect which could lead to generation of less effective ionic species. It is likely that those salts effective in vivo exhibit other properties contributing to their effectiveness. Ultrastructural studies on Eca showed that aluminum chloride caused rupture of bacterial envelope, and cytoplasmic aggregation, which were not observed in the bacteria treated with sodium metabisulfite. These observations suggest that a part of the toxic effect of aluminum chloride originates from alterations of the bacterial envelope, whereas rapid bacterial death caused by sodium metabisulfite occurs intracellularly through interaction with biomolecules, facilitated by the diffusion of SO2. Finally, evaluation of the effect of salts on tuber quality revealed that tuber weight loss was generally higher with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite treatments, while the organic salts, particularly sodium benzoate, increased sugar content of the tubers. It was concluded that aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite can be profitably used to fight potato storage soft rot.
Khiari, Lotfi. "Indicateurs agronomiques et environnementaux du phosphore dans la culture de la pomme de terre, Solanum tuberosum L., au Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ48541.pdf.
Full textWünsch, Jaime-Airton. "Intégration des contraintes du marché dans la conduite des cultures: effets de la différentiation des produits sur la conduite de la culture de pomme de terre de conservation dans les exploitations agricoles de Picardie." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001191.
Full textTsé, Bi Tra Darius. "Mesure de l'évapotranspiration réelle et des coefficients culturaux dans la culture de la pomme de terre à l'aide de lysimètre drainant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ42030.pdf.
Full textMontarry, Josselin. "Réponse adaptative des populations de Phytophthora infestans, agent du mildiou de la pomme de terre, au déploiement en culture de son hôte Solanum tuberosum." Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARC090.
Full textUnderstanding the consequences of selection pressure by host plants on pathogen population structures in crucial for the effective management of durable resistance to plant diseases. The objectives of this work werre i) to assess the impact of selection on the phénotypic and genotypic structure of the local pathogen population of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of poptato late blight, as exerted by hosts with various levels of resistance ; ii) to determine if recurent selection pressure applied by prevalent cultivars in different potato production areas led to local adapatation of P. Infestans populations ; and iii) to test the hypothesis of a trade-off between aggressiveness during the epidemic phase of the disease and the over-winter survival capacity in clonal P. Infestans populations. Our results showed that selection by ost applies on both qualitative (virulence) and quantitative (aggressiveness) components of pathogenicity. The large variation in aggressiveness allowed adaptation of P. Infestants populations, which led to the erosion of partial resistance. French P. Infestants populations proved to be adapted to the cultivar prevalent nationally (Bintje), but not to locally prevalent cultivars. Local adpatation takes place in this system, but was detectable only on a very large spatial scale, for populations isolated geographically. Our results also showed that during winter survival there was no counter-selection fo the most aggressive strains by over-mortality of infected tubers. This work highlights the importance of considering all the evoutionary forces in order to describe and understand the adaptative response of pathogen populations. In the future modelling of demogenetic processes will allow the development and validation of effective strategies for resistance management
Fiers, Marie. "Origine des altérations superficielles du tubercule de pomme de terre : de la microbiologie du sol à l'environnement pédo-climatique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572491.
Full textCournac, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des échanges gazeux photosynthétiques et respiratoires chez les végétaux de type C3 : apport des cultures "in vitro"." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20298.
Full textYaganza, Elian-Simplice. "Effets de la régie de culture sur la qualité à la récolte et la conservation d'un nouveau cultivar de pomme de terre, LP89221." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38213.pdf.
Full textMontarry, Josselin. "Réponse adaptative des populations de Phytophthora infestans, agent du mildiou de la pomme de terre, au déploiement en culture de son hôte Solanum tuberosum." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133363.
Full textNdongo, Bekolo. "Lessivage et distribution spatio-temporelle du linuron et de l'imidaclopride dans les sols sableux sous culture de pomme de terre, Solanum tuberosum, à Portneuf, Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47581.pdf.
Full textSima, Boubacar Dary. "Caractérisation de l'induction de l'activité phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase par le saccharose du milieu de culture chez la pomme de terre, Solanum tuberosum L., cultivée in vitro." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57948.pdf.
Full textCambouris, Nancy Athyna. "Impact des zones d'aménagement des sols délimitées à l'aide de la conductivité électrique sur la gestion de l'azote dans la culture de la pomme de terre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24912/24912.pdf.
Full textSuleiman, Sausan. "Etude de l'action de quelques phytohormones sur le transport des éléments minéraux chez la pomme de terre (solanum tuberosum var. Bintje) : influence de l'acide abscissique." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2015.
Full textKunothaï-Muhsin, Ariya. "Apport de la morphogenèse et de la culture in vitro dans la connaissance de la verticilliose chez la pomme de terre causée par Verticillium dahliae Kleb : essai de mise au point d'un test précoce in vitro de la résistance au champignon." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112080.
Full textVerticillium wilt in potato is caused by some imperfect fungi of the genus Verticillium particularly Verticillium dahliae, Kleb. In order to obtain resistant or tolerant clones to this pathogen, we studied three varieties of potato varied in their susceptibility to this parasite and three strains of this fungus by using in vitro culture techniques. Based on the three strains of Verticillium dahliae. Je, cultivated in vitro, we clarified some methods which allowed the production of the filtrates and their conservation without loosing the toxicity. The susceptibility of these varieties to filtrate treatments was tested in vitro and we noted a good correlation with their susceptibility to the fungi in the greenhouse conditions. The study showed that the interaction host-pathogen was modulated by two important factors: the environment and the Ume which mean the physiological age of plant. We cannot find any correlation between the toxicity of m v1tro filtrate and the pathogenesis of the fungus in the greenhouse or in the field, unless the two factors were perfectly controlled. The study also revealed one morphogenetical particularity of the tolerant varieties (as in BF 15 and Katahdin): the growth acceleration in inoculated plants by the fungus which gives them a higher precocity. The regenerated plants were produced from calli after or without the pressure of selection imposed by the filtrate of one strain. These regenerated clones will be then tested in vitro for their susceptibility to the filtrate
LOUZEAU-GLADIEUX, MARIE-JOSE. "Contribution a la mise en place d'un nouveau schema de creation varietale chez la pomme de terre. Etude de : la micropropagation la culture des protoplastes l'electrofusion le tri des hybrides." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIES019.
Full textArce, Sotelo Manuel. "Les wankas de Tarcuyo : chants et rituels dans les Provinces Hautes de Cusco (Pérou)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100174.
Full textFor communities altitude in Andean South, potato is more than a simple food product. Treated as a living being, its culture is the subject of a series of musical offerings throughout the agricultural cycle ritual. In the village of Tarcuyo (Province of Espinar – Cusco) sowing of this tuber is with the help of women singers ritual, know as the wankas. Their verses in quechua intended primarily to enable growing the plants and to other destinations such as the Pachamama (“mother earth”) workers or differents elements of nature. The analysis of this directory highlights various parameters that are his musical aesthetic: relationship with fertility and productivity, playful ritual of collective work, organization of the vocal repertoire as a program with musical stages, specific parameters steps keep coming gradually to reach the summit performance of the ritual. The achievements of this analysis will be made in parallel with the progress of the tinku, confrontation between two community coalitions also performed with female songs (qhashwas). It will see significant analogies between these two agrarian rituals High Provinces of Cusco.The wankas are also witnesses to the vocal power influencing the potatoes or people, but also the role of the singers, rituals intermediaries between the villagers of Tarcuyo and the underworld divinities, in an environment where modernity is more and more present
Rakotonindraina, Toky Fanambinana. "Analyse et modélisation des effets des pratiques culturales sur les épidémies de mildiou de la pomme de terre. Adaptation du modèle SIPPOM (Simulator for Integrated Pathogen POpulation Management) au pathosystème." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0147/document.
Full textPotato late blight caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans is one of the most dreaded diseases to this culture. So far, chemical control is the most widespread method used against the pathogen. In turn, the amount of fungicides used to control this disease makes potato the crop with the highest Treatment Frequency Index of all arable crops. The use of resistant varieties, including specific resistance genes, has also demonstrated an effective limitation of injuries that this disease can cause. Still, specific resistances lack durability as there is an average span of 4 years before the emergence of a resistance breakdown phenomenon by more virulent strains. It is therefore necessary to develop control strategies that combine a set of methods (genetic, cultural, physical and chemical) to meet agronomic, environmental and socio-economic criteria. A model named SIPPOM (Simulator for Integrated Pathogen POpulation Management), was developed to address these issues for the control of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape. The present work consisted in adapting the generic structure of SIPPOM for the integrated control of potato late blight by designing specific sub-models using existing models or specifically developed models. A crop model (Spudgro), an epidemiologic model (Guntz-Divoux/Milsol), a damage model (Shtienberg's model) and a dispersal function (Scherm's model) were selected in the literature, adapted, and embedded in SIPPOM's generic structure. This set of sub-models led to an operational prototype of SIPPOM-de-terre under the RECORD modelling platform. A new model, named VOLPONE, was designed to simulate potato volunteer dynamics in a field or on a waste pile. This model permits to simulate inoculum sources at the territory scale under the influence of climate and cropping practices. The predictive quality of the damage model was assessed with data generated in specific field experimentations and proved to be good. Simulation examples produced with the first prototype of SIPPOM-de-terre illustrate the capacity of the model to represent epidemiological dynamics at the field scale or at a small regional scale under the influence of cropping practices and climate. However, further work is required before to totally achieve the design and the implementation of SIPPOM-de-terre under the modelling platform RECORD. The conducted study illustrates the genericity of the model SIPPOM and produced knowledge, references and tools for the integrated management of the disease. The outputs of this work will help design integrated, collective and durable control strategies of potato late blight
Simo, Santalla Pablo. "Contribution au développement de techniques pour l'hybridation somatique chez la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum) : culture et fusion de protoplastes de clones dihaploïdes, diploïdes hybrides interspécifiques et de l'espèce diploïde S. brevidens." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112393.
Full textSimo, Santalla Pablo. "Contribution au développement de techniques pour l'hybridation somatique chez la pomme de terre, Solanum tuberosum culture et fusion de protoplastes de clones dihaploïdes, diploïdes hybrides interspécifiques et de l'espèce diploïde S. brevidens /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618583d.
Full textMorais, Anne. "Potentiel hydrométéorologique du schéma de surface canadien CLASS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29013/29013.pdf.
Full textThe performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) was assessed using meteorological observations from stations located in a potato field during a whole season in 2007, and from tuber initiation to tuber bulking in 2010. The scheme’s performance has been evaluated for both the energetic and hydric balance. Over the two seasons, CLASS overestimated the latent flux and generated a ground heat flux of higher amplitude compared to the observed one. The evapotranspiration and the drainage generated by CLASS were then compared to those of BV3C, a submodel of the hydrological model HYDROTEL. BVC3 seemed to have produced an overestimated evapotranspiration, which the dynamics did not match with those of the observed one. Finally, both CLASS and ISBA, an other land surface scheme in use in Canada, were run with data derived from the regional product of the global environmental multiscale model, for the same location. During this test, ISBA showed a higher flow than CLASS. ISBA also showed little quantity of drained water in disagreement with the available observations.
Loayza, Loza Hildo. "Suivi expérimental du rendement de fluorescence des couverts végétaux par des techniques actives et passives. Application à la détection du stress hydrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS465.
Full textThe chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is directly related to the photosynthetic process. However, at canopy level this physiological link between fluorescence and photosynthesis may be blurred by structural vegetation changes and geometrical effects linked to interactions between sunlight and the three-dimensional structure of the canopy. Furthermore, much of our knowledge about the relationship between fluorescence and the physiological status of plants come from leaf level studies carried out under laboratory conditions. The physiological significance of ChlF at canopy level and under natural conditions is still a major subject of research and a source of uncertainties in the interpretation of SIF. This doctoral project aims were: 1. To study chlorophyll fluorescence yield at canopy level: we describe a new instrument, Ledflex, which is a micro-LIDAR dedicated to perform continuous measurements of vegetation fluorescence yield. Ledflex has been successfully applied under full sunlight conditions to establish the signature of water-stress on a pea (Pisum Sativum) canopy. Under well-watered conditions the Fs diurnal cycle present an M shape with a minimum (Fmin) at noon which is higher than the fluorescence level observed at predawn (Fo). After several days withholding watering, Fs decreases and Fmin
MASSON, JEAN. "Hybridation somatique chez la pomme de terre." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112211.
Full textKunothaï-Muhsin, Ariya. "Apport de la morphogénèse et de la culture in vitro dans la connaissance de la verticilliose chez la pomme de terre causée par Verticillium dahliae kleb. essai de mise au point d'un test précoce in vitro de la résistance au champignon /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614811d.
Full textBouchard, Édith. "Interaction tritrophique entre une plante de pomme de terre transgénique et Perillus bioculatus, un prédateur du doryphore de la pomme de terre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48999.pdf.
Full textDuceppe, Marc-Olivier. "Protéome et bilan photosynthétique de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) en réponse au doryphore de la pomme de terre (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27966/27966.pdf.
Full textHigher plants have developed, over time, a variety of protection mechanisms allowing them to survive and cope with a variety of biotic stress cues in their surrounding environment. The main goal of this three-part doctoral thesis was to characterize the biochemical and the physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum) to defoliation by the coleopteran insect herbivore Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). The first objective of the project was to characterize the impact of the insect on the host plant's leaf proteome, using as a model plants treated with potato beetle larvae, mechanically wounded plants and plants infested with a sucking/piercing insect, the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae). The second objective was to gain some insight about the proteome of potato beetle oral secretions, with the aim of assessing the relative incidence of insect and host plant proteins at wound sites generated during insect feeding. The third objective, finally, was to determine the impact of leaf proteome alterations on photosynthetic capacities of the host plant, and to determine the possible impact of the plant's own molecular constituents on the responses observed. In brief, our results showed that several proteins involved in the primary and the secondary metabolisms, including photosynthesis-related proteins, were regulated in leaves in response to potato beetle feeding. However, the negative impact of the insect on several photosynthetic proteins, notably photosystem I proteins, only had negligible effects on the light capture process by the plant. The second phase of photosynthesis, on the other hand, was significantly affected by the insect, presumably via molecular effectors from both the insect and the host plant itself. These findings suggest, overall, a specific, but somewhat limited impact of Colorado potato beetle larvae on the leaf proteome and photosynthetic capacities of the potato host. They also suggest the possible induction of compensatory mechanisms in planta and the high plasticity of primary metabolism functions in the plant upon herbivore feeding.
Kröner, Alexander. "Contribution différentielle des réactions de défense générale aux résistances quantitatives de la pomme de terre à Pectobacterium atrosepticum et à Phytophthora infestans." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARC106.
Full textUsing genetic resistance (especially quantitative resistance) is a major challenge for the design of more durable and environmentally friendly strategies in crop protection. If quantitative resistance is considered durable, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objective of the present work is to identify key elements underlying this type of resistance to favour its integration in crop protection. It started with the hypothesis that quantitative resistance is linked to quantitative differences (intensity and/or timing) of defence responses induced in the host plant by pathogen derived elicitors. We checked this hypothesis on tubers from 5 potato cultivars with variable levels of resistance against two taxonomically distant pathogens with distinct infectious strategies: the necrotrophic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum causing soft rot and the hemi-biotrophic oomycete Phytophthora infestans causing late blight. A resistance ranking between cultivars has been established by quantification of disease symptoms caused by these pathogens. Simultaneously, induction of defence responses by the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by a concentrated culture filtrate (CCF) from the oomycete was studied by measuring the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Results provide evidence for a positive link between the level of quantitative resistance of potato to P. Atrosepticum and the intensity of defence induced by CCF, but a negative link for the pathosystem potato – P. Infestans. We also identified individual phenolic compounds positively linked with resistance level. Some of them (i. E. Chlorogenic acid and rutin) diminish growth of both pathogens in vitro, but others (i. E. Nicotiflorin) have no direct toxic effect. This suggests efficacy of inducible defence to be based on a combined action of direct and indirect effects. Taken together, our results point us to a more complex mechanistic model for quantitative resistance than supposed by our initial hypothesis, integrating physiological aspects of induced resistance with infection linked life history traits of the pathogen
Pépin, Geneviève. "Résistance au virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) chez des lignées transgéniques de pomme de terre exprimant un inhibiteur de protéases de type cystéine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22301/22301.pdf.
Full textPainchaud, Jacques. "L'azote du sol et la fertilisation de la pomme de terre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0016/MQ37155.pdf.
Full textJobin, Christian. "Les déterminants du marché de la pomme de terre au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8641.
Full textHELIAS, VALERIE. "Mise au point d'outils de caracterisation et de detection d'erwinia carotovora subsp. Atroseptica agent de la jambe noire et de la pourriture molle de pomme de terre. Application a l'etude de la transmission de la bacterie, via la plante, du tubercule mere vers les tubercules fils en cours de culture." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NSARB106.
Full textGoulet-Fortin, Jérôme. "Modélisation des rendements de la pomme de terre par réseau de neurones." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26556/26556.pdf.
Full textProvencher, Maryse. "Évaluation spatiale de l'efficacité agronomique du LIOR dans la pomme de terre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21137/21137.pdf.
Full textInscrite au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Narcy, Agnès. "Intérêt nutritionnel de la pomme de terre pour exercer des effets alcalinisants." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM07.
Full textLast decades studies established that the diet plays a major role in the prevention of several diseases. Particularly, Western diets presented a decrease in the consumption of plant foods, which represent a major source of complex carbohydrates and micronutrients, and an increase in processed foods, that may contribute to the development of various degenerative pathologies. Among every changes induced by this "nutritional transition", we studied the impacts of a decrease in potassium consumption, particularly potassium organic salts that present alkalinizing properties, in acid ash and high sodium diet conditions. The change in Na/K ratio may participate to the development of chronic pathologies such as hypertension, osteoporosis and renal lithiasis. Potato, considered for a long time as a starchy food with a poor nutritional interest, is in fact a major source of potassium organic salts present mainly in the form of citrate and malate. Potassium salts have the particularity to yield potassium bicarbonate, through their metabolism, that may neutralise the excess of acidity resulting from protein catabolism or deleterious effects of salt. We decided, thus, to focus in this thesis on the effect of potato consumption in the regulation of acid-base and mineral homeostasis in rats and humans. The results of the present thesis have confirmed that potato may positively affect acid-base and calcium and magnesium homeostasis contributing to limit bone alterations. Furthermore, taking into account the beneficial impact of potato on citraturia, it may play a major role in the prevention of renal lithiasis. Long term studies in humans remain essential in order to describe the conditions in which potato consumption may be effective through its alkalinizing impact and its contribution in carbohydrates supply
Boudjeniba, Messaoud. "Contributions à la connaissance du bioessai "Crown-Gall de pomme de terre"." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612152k.
Full textLaissus, Anne. "La Pomme de terre, une "plante utile" aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA114044.
Full textPrévost, Karine. "Étude des communautés bactériennes du sol et des tubercules de pomme de terre suite à l'ajout d'agents de lutte biologique contre la gale commune de la pomme de terre." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4627.
Full textMatteau, Jean-Pascal. "Développement d'une approche intégrée d'irrigation en production de pommes de terre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69585.
Full textWater scarcity is increasingly recognized as the most pressing limitation to improvement in agricultural production over the upcoming decades. It is expected that the world population will reach 8.6 billion by 2030 and 9.8 billion by 2050, increasing the demand for both food and agriculture production. Therefore, increasing overall water productivity is one of the most critical challenges of the twenty-first century. Potato isthe fourth most cultivated food crop behind wheat, maize, and rice. Among the major crops, potato is the most efficient in calory production by water liter, but potato yields are recognized as sensitive to water stress. Therefore, the precise control of the amount of irrigation water, water application timing, and prevailing micro-meteorological conditions are critical factors that influence the plant health and yield. However, the increasing pressure on agricultural systems can endanger soil health, as several soil health indicators are affected by agricultural production, like soil structural stability, bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and soil organic carbon. Maintaining soil healthis critical to preserve soil ecosystemic functions like water infiltration, filtration andstorage, nutrient cycling, and carbon storage, impacting plants productivity, and wateruse efficiency. The objective of this thesis was to create an integrated irrigation approach for the potato crop, allowing optimal potato yield, water use efficiency, and minimizing the environmental impact of irrigation. Through six green house experiments using an automatic irrigation system managed using a soil sensors network, the effect of irrigation management on the potato varieties, potato yield, water use efficiency, tuber spatial distribution, and soil organic carbon dynamics has been analyzed and temporalized. The second and third chapters of this study evaluated the effect of precision irrigation thresholds on the potato yields of four varieties with different maturity classes (Envol: very early, Kalmia: early, Goldrush: mid-season, and Red Maria: mid-late). Anoptimal comfort zone between −10 and −24 kP a has been identified. The optimal irrigation thresholds identified were not dependant on maturity class, plant height, or tuber potential production. The −24 kP a is the precision irrigation threshold that allowed higher yields and water use efficiency. The time spent in the comfort zone was identified as critical for the potato yield. The analysis of the irrigation thresholds'temporal effect made in the third chapter showed that precise irrigation managementis needed early in the season and should be maintained throughout all the growingseason as the critical period identified corresponded to the leaf expansion and tuber initiation stage. An appropriate irrigation management of potato crops has been shownto increase yield by a 25 to 40% margin. The fourth chapter evaluated the impact of four soil matric potential (−10, −20, −30,and −45 kP a) on potato tubers’ spatial distribution using an X-ray CT scanner. Alinear relationship between irrigation thresholds and potato tuber depth was identified.The deepest tuber distribution was observed with the −10 kP a treatment. Potato irrigation management using a SMP threshold between −20 and −30 kP a could reduce the harvest depth. Reducing the harvest depth could decrease the negative impacts of soil disturbance on soil structural stability. In the −45 kP a treatment, the tubers were too close to the soil surface, which could lead to a greater preponderance of tuber diseases like late blight or greening. The precision irrigation threshold used in this study affected the decomposition rate of soil organic carbon, evaluated in the fifth chapter. Faster decomposition of labile organic carbon was promoted by water excess (−15 kP a). The dryer (−30, −45, and −60 kP a) precision irrigation thresholds did not show any differences. The difference between the precision irrigation thresholds was made in the second quarter of the growing season,between 38 and 53 days after planting. This critical period occurred in a stage of strong vegetative growth and rapid irrigation cycles, the tuber initiation and tuber bulking stages. The determination of an integrated irrigation management approach will allow potato growers to adapt their farm management processes to integrate more sustainable water management practices and to achieve higher yields and water use efficiency. Improving soil water management may also optimize tuber spatial distribution, enhance harvest efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon degradation, and soil disturbance in the cropping systems to benefit global soil health conservation.