Academic literature on the topic 'Pome fruit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Treutter, Dieter. "Pome fruit health." Trees 26, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-012-0682-y.
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Blanke, M. M. "FRUIT PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND POME FRUIT QUALITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 466 (May 1998): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.466.2.
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Brown, S. K. "POME FRUIT BREEDING: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 622 (August 2003): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.622.1.
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Hrustic, Jovana, Milica Mihajlovic, Mila Grahovac, Goran Delibasic, Aleksandra Bulajic, Branka Krstic, and Brankica Tanovic. "Genus Monilinia on pome and stone fruit species." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27, no. 4 (2012): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1204283h.
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Different species of the genus Monilinia are common plant pathogens that endanger pome and stone fruit production worldwide. In Serbia, two species of this genus are widely distributed - M. laxa and M. fructigena, while M. fructicola, which is officially on the A2 EPPO List of quarantine pest organisms in Europe and on the 1A part I List of quarantine pest organisms in Serbia, has so far been detected only on stored apple and nectarine fruits. The most important control measures against these pathogens include chemical control in combination with adequate cultural practices, particularly under favourable conditions for disease development. Concerning that species of this genus can cause significant economic losses, knowledge of the pathogen biology, disease epidemiology and pathogen-host interactions is a necessary prerequisite for stable and profitable production of pome and stone fruits.
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Liu, Zhongchi, Hong Ma, Sook Jung, Dorrie Main, and Lei Guo. "Developmental Mechanisms of Fleshy Fruit Diversity in Rosaceae." Annual Review of Plant Biology 71, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-111119-021700.
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Rosaceae (the rose family) is an economically important family that includes species prized for high-value fruits and ornamentals. The family also exhibits diverse fruit types, including drupe (peach), pome (apple), drupetum (raspberry), and achenetum (strawberry). Phylogenetic analysis and ancestral fruit-type reconstruction suggest independent evolutionary paths of multiple fleshy fruit types from dry fruits. A recent whole genome duplication in the Maleae/Pyreae tribe (with apple, pear, hawthorn, and close relatives; referred to as Maleae here) may have contributed to the evolution of pome fruit. MADS-box genes, known to regulate floral organ identity, are emerging as important regulators of fruit development. The differential competence of floral organs to respond to fertilization signals may explain the different abilities of floral organs to form fleshy fruit. Future comparative genomics and functional studies in closely related Rosaceae species with distinct fruit types will test hypotheses and provide insights into mechanisms of fleshy fruit diversity. These efforts will be facilitated by the wealth of genome data and resources in Rosaceae.
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Oraguzie, N. C. "FRUIT SOFTENING IN POME FRUIT - THE ROLE OF ACS GENES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 859 (April 2010): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.859.16.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil, and Kathleen M. Willemsen. "Blossom Thinning of Pome and Stone Fruit." HortScience 37, no. 3 (June 2002): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.3.474.
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Fallahi, Esmaeil. "Blossom Thinning in Pome and Stone Fruit." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 553b—553. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.553b.
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Early thinning of apples is important because of its impact on fruit size and next season's flower bud initiation. In the past, apple cultivars were often sprayed with the blossom thinner sodium dinitro-ortho-cresol(Elgetol) during full bloom, followed by a post-bloom application of a fruit thinner such as carbaryl with or without naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Elgetol was removed from the market in 1989 because of the high cost of re-registration. Full-bloom sprays of sulfcarbamide (Wilthin), pelargonic acid (Thinex), and endothalic acid (Endothal), ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) or petal fall spray of carbaryl (Sevin XLR Plus) were developed as replacements for Elgetol. Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and other chemicals have been used to eliminate or to reduce chilling requirements of peaches grown under the warm desert conditions. HC applied at “pink bloom” stage was observed to reduce the number of open blooms in `Florda Prince' peach; therefore, it was first used for blossom thinning in this cultivar in Arizona. Later, HC was also found to be an effective blossom thinner for plums in Idaho. HC has recently been found to effectively thin apple and peach blossoms. Armothin has also been an effective blossom thinner for peach in California.
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Ismaeil, F., K. Al-Jabor, A. Myrta, M. J. Mando, E. Al-Saadoun, M. Hassan, and S. Al-Chaabi. "Viruses of pome fruit trees in Syria." EPPO Bulletin 36, no. 1 (April 2006): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2006.00939.x.
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Militaru, M., N. Braniste, M. Butac, A. Sestras, T. Sotiropoulos, M. Lukić, B. Ambrozič Turk, and V. Dzhuvinov. "REVIEW OF POME FRUIT BREEDING IN BALKAN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 981 (March 2013): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.981.25.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Kirstein, Deon Louw. "Mechanical thinning of pome fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97920.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thinning is an important practice in pome fruit production which aims to ensure an optimal yield of high quality, large sized fruit as well as an adequate return bloom. In South Africa, pome fruit thinning is generally done by means of chemicals, with follow-up hand thinning. When thinning is effective, set and thus the hand thinning requirement should be reduced. This is important as labor cost associated with hand thinning is high and continually rising. Chemical thinning is weather dependent and can be environmentally harmful, which has led to a shift towards environmentally acceptable methods of thinning such as mechanical thinning. From 2013 until 2015 the mechanical string thinners, viz. Darwin 300™, BAUM, and Bloom Bandit™, were evaluated. These machines are used to thin trees during full bloom and reduce the number of flowers before fruit set. The aim of the trials was to reduce fruit set and therefore hand thinning requirement, while increasing fruit size and quality, maintaining yield and return bloom. A range of tractor speeds and rotational rates were evaluated with the Darwin 300™ on ‘Forelle’ pears and ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples, while the BAUM was evaluated only on ‘Cripps’ Pink’ apples. The hand-held Bloom Bandit™ was evaluated on ‘Forelle’, ‘Cripps’ Pink’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Cripps’ Red’. The tractor-driven mechanical thinning devices gave erratic results. The most consistent results on ‘Forelle’ were obtained using the Darwin 300™ at 5.2 km·h-1 and 300 rpm, while the BAUM gave no consistent results. The unreliability of results were due to South African pome fruit orchards currently being unsuitable for tractor-driven mechanical thinning machines. The ‘Forelle’ orchard trained to a Palmette system was the most suited for thinning, which is reflected in the more positive results obtained, but further improvements are possible. The Bloom Bandit™ effectively thinned pear and apple trees and increased fruit size without a decrease in yield or return bloom. More time is spent on thinning with the device compared to tractor-driven machines and this should be taken into account when considering using the Bloom Bandit™. Thinning intensities of 25%, 50% and 75% of clusters or flowers was applied to mature ‘Forelle’ and ‘Cripps’ Red’ trees during full bloom. Variable effects were seen on fruit set, yield was reduced to acceptable levels, while fruit size was improved in ‘Forelle’ but not ‘Cripps’ Red’. Results showed that when thinning mechanically, the aim should be to remove between 25% and 50% of flowers clusters in ‘Forelle’ and 50% of flowers clusters in ‘Cripps’ Red’. These levels of thinning gave the best results in terms of the remaining hand thinning requirements and improved return bloom in ‘Forelle’. We, however, only evaluated full cluster thinning and not within cluster thinning, which might also occur during mechanical thinning.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vruguitdunning is 'n belangrike praktyk in kernvrugproduksie en het ten doel om voldoende opbrengs van hoë kwaliteit, groot vrugte en voldoende opvolgblom te lewer. In Suid-Afrika, word kernvrugte gewoonlik chemies uitgedun, opgevolg met handuitdunning. Effektiewe uitdunning verminder set en dus die benodigde handuitdunning. Dit is belangrik aangesien die arbeidskoste verbonde aan die handuitdunning hoog is en voortdurend styg. Chemiese uitdunning is afhanklik van weerstoestande en dit kan ook omgewing-onvriendelik wees. Hierdie nadele het gelei tot 'n verskuiwing na omgewingsaanvaarbare metodes van uitdunning soos meganiese uitdun. Vanaf 2013 tot 2015 is die meganiese Darwin 300™, BAUM en Bloom Bandit™ uitdunmasjiene geëvalueer. Hierdie masjiene word gedurende volblom gebruik om blomme uit te dun en verminder die aantal blomme voor vrugset. Die doel van die proewe was om vrugset en dus die handuitdunvereiste te verminder met ‘n gepaardgaande verbetering in vruggrootte en kwaliteit sonder om opbrengs en opvolgblom nadelig te beïnvloed. Trekker en rotasiespoed is gevarieer met die Darwin 300 ™ op 'Forelle' pere en ‘Cripps’ Pink' appels, terwyl die BAUM net op 'Cripps' Pink' appels geëvalueer is. Daarbenewens was die hand-draagbare Bloom Bandit™ geëvalueer op 'Forelle', 'Cripps' Pink’, ‘Fuji’ en ‘Cripps' Red’. Die trekkergedrewe uitdunmasjiene het wisselvallige resultate opgelewer. Die mees konstante resultate op 'Forelle' is verkry met die Darwin 300™ teen 5.2 km·h-1 en 300 rpm, terwyl die BAUM nie konsekwente resultate gegee het nie. Die wisselvallige resultate van die Darwin 300™ en die BAUM is te wyte aan die boorde wat nie vir trekkergedrewe uidunmasjiene geskik is nie. Die 'Forelle’ boord, wat as 'n Palmette stelsel opgelei is, was die meeste geskik vir uitdunning, soos duidelik uit die positiewe resultate wat verkry is, maar verdere verbeterings is steeds moontlik. Die Bloom Bandit™ het peer en appel bome effektief uitgedun deur die handuitdunvereiste te verminder en vruggrootte te verbeter sonder verlies in opbrengs of opvolgblom. Meer tyd word gespandeer tydens uitdunning met hierdie toestel in vergelyking met trekkergedrewe masjiene, en dit moet in ag geneem word met oorweging van die Bloom Bandit™. Uitdunningsintensiteite van 25%, 50% en 75% van die trosse of blomme is tydens volblom toegepas op volwasse 'Forelle’ en ‘Cripps’ Red' bome. Vrugset het aansienlike variasie getoon terwyl opbrengs tot aanvaarbare vlakke verminder en vruggrootte verbeter is in 'Forelle' maar nie in 'Cripps' Red’ nie. Resultate het getoon dat die doel moet wees om tussen 25% en 50% van alle blomme in trosse in 'Forelle’ en 50% van blomme in trosse in 'Cripps’ Red’ tydens meganiese uitdunnig te verwyder. Hierdie vlakke van uitdunning het die beste resultate gegee ten opsigte van die oorblywende handuitdunvereistes en het opvolgblom in 'Forelle’ verbeter. Ons het egter net volledige trosse uitdunning gedoen en nie blomuitdunning binne die tros wat ook tydens meganiese uitdun kan plaasvind nie.
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Le, Grange Monique. "Effect of kaolin applications on pome fruit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52255.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sunburn is a major problem in the apple industry worldwide. A kaolin product, M-97- 009 (100% kaolin), originally developed for insect control, was evaluated for its efficacy in controlling sunburn on pome fruit. Trials were conducted over two seasons in two different areas of the Western Cape, South Africa. During the first season, 'Royal Gala', 'Fuji' and 'Granny Smith' apples were evaluated in the Koue Bokkeveld. The kaolin was mixed with water and applied to the trees by means of a hand-gun regularly throughout the season. In addition to the effect on sunburn, effects on yield, colour development, snout beetle damage and other defects were determined. Sunburn was reduced on all the cultivars tested, although not significantly on 'Granny Smith'. Inconsistent effects on yield parameters were observed. The applications significantly reduced red colour on 'Fuji', but this problem was rectified by an improved application technique the following season. During the second season, additional apple cultivars and 'Rosemarie' pears were included in the trials. The apple trials were conducted in the Elgin area, and the 'Rosemarie' trial in the Koue Bokkeveld. Surround™ (95% kaolin) was applied to the trees by means of a commercial "blower". The effects on sunburn, yield, colour development and fruit maturity were determined. In contrast to the previous season, sunburn was not reduced on any of the cultivars examined. Yield parameters were not affected except in the case of 'Royal Gala' where the number of fruit was increased, and 'Cripps' Pink' where the number of fruit was reduced. Fruit colour was not affected in the apple cultivars, but chroma of 'Rosemarie' pears was reduced, indicating a less intense colour. The kaolin applications had a variable effect on fruit maturity. The effect of the foliar applications on photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was determined. In addition to these spot measurements, photosynthetic light response curves were determined. Measurements were taken on both the inner and outer canopies The applications significantly reduced photosynthetic rates in the inner canopy and reduced the apparent quantum efficiency of leaves on the outer canopy. No significant effect on PPFD was found. It appears that the white coating reflects light and allows less light to penetrate the leaf, thus reducing photosynthesis. Surround™ treatments could not counteract the damaging effects of the high temperatures experienced in the Western Cape during this season and was not effective as a control measure for sunburn. This does not appear to be a commercially viable solution for the sunburn problem and it would be worthwhile to investigate the use of alternative options, such as evaporative cooling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sonbrand is een van die grootste probleme wat wêreldwyd in die appelbedryf ondervind word. 'n Nuwe produk, M-97-009 (100% kaolien), is oorspronklik ontwikkel vir insekbeheer in geïntegreerde plaagbeheer, maar daar is beweer dat dit moontlik sonbrand op kemvrugte kan verminder. Proewe is oor twee seisoene uitgevoer in die Koue Bokkeveld en ook in die Grabouw-omgewing in die Wes-Kaap. Tydens die eerste seisoen is die effek van M-97-009 op 'Royal Gala', 'Fuji' en 'Granny Smith' appels beoordeel. Die kaolien is met water gemeng en deur die loop van die seisoen met 'n handspuit op die bome gespuit. Die effek van die produk op sonbrand, oesgrootte, vruggrootte, kleurontwikkeling, kalanderskade en ander defekte is bepaal. Sonbrand is op alle kultivars verminder, alhoewel nie betekenisvolop 'Granny Smith' nie. Die effek van kaolien op oesparameters was rue konsekwent nie. kleurontwikkeling op 'Fuji' benadeel, heel moontlik Die toedienings het as gevolg van die toedieningstegniek. Met verbeterde toedieningsmetodes die volgende seisoen, is kleurontwikkeling van 'Fuji' nie benadeel nie. Tydens die tweede seisoen is die effek van kaolien op nog appelkultivars en 'Rosemarie' pere ge-evalueer. Die appelproewe is in Elgin uitgevoer, terwyl die 'Rosemarie'-proefin die Koue Bokkeveld uitgelê is. Surround™ (95% kaolien) is met kommersiële spuitpompe toegedien. Weereens is die effek van die produk op sonbrand, oesgrootte, vruggrootte, kleurontwikkeling en vrugrypheid bepaal. Sonbrand is nie verminder nie. Vruglading tydens oes is nie betekenisvol beïnvloed nie, behalwe in die geval van 'Royal Gala' waar die vruglading verhoog is, en 'Cripps' Pink' waar daar minder vrugte op die gespuite bome was. Die Surround™ toedienings het geen uitwerking op kleur van appels gehad nie, maar het die chromawaarde van 'Rosemarie' pere verlaag, d.w.s die vrugkleur was minder intens. Die kaolienspuite het 'n uiteenlopende effek op vrugrypheid gehad. Fotosintetiese foton vloeddigtheid (FFV), fotosintesetempo, huidmondjieweerstand en transpirasietempo is gemeet en ligreponskurwes van beide die buitenste en binneste blaardak is bepaal. Die Surround™ toedienings het fotosintese van blare ill die binneste gedeelte van die blaardak verminder en die kwantumdoeltreffendheid van blare op die buitenste deel van die blaardak verminder. Geen betekenisvolle effek is op FFV gekry nie. Dit wil voorkom asof die wit laag kaolien op die bome lig weerkaats en veroorsaak dat minder lig na die blaar deurdring. Dit verminder dan die fotsintesetempo. Met die baie warm weer wat in die Wes-Kaap gedurende die tweede seisoen ervaar is, kon die SUITound™behandelings nie sonbrand verhoed nie. Dit wil voorkom asof Surround™ nie 'n baie doeltreffende oplossing in kommersiële boorde sal wees nie. Alternatiewe oplossings, soos byvoorbeeld evaporatiewe verkoeling, saloorweeg moet word.
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Mhelembe, Khethani Give. "Molecular characterisation of ARC pome fruit collections in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96716.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) and pear (Pyrus communis L.), commonly known as pome fruits, are important deciduous fruit crops in South Africa. The challenges of climate change, disease incidence, distant markets and fluctuating consumer preferences necessitate new cultivars. The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij conducts a breeding programme aimed at developing new cultivars that are well adapted, resistant to pests and diseases and good storage potential. A recent review of the pome fruit gene banks, the breeders’ raw material, revealed misidentification and poor characterisation limitating the efficiency of its utilisation. To address these problems, the current study used microsatellite markers to investigate the trueness to type of accessions in the ARC gene banks. In addition, accessions of apple identified as true to type, were genotyped for the ACS1 gene involved with ethylene production and fruit ripening. Two sets of 12 microsatellite markers recommended by a European working group on Pyrus/Malus, one for apple and one for pear, were utilised to fingerprint 540 apple and 197 pear accessions. Eleven and eight of 12 markers, were used respectively to successfully discriminate across the apple and pear accessions, with the exception of clones and sports of particular cultivars. Where possible, fingerprints were compared with those of their reported parents. The use of recommended markers facilitated the comparison of ARC pear accessions with those of the collection in Brogdale (UK). Trueness to type of accessions were established and misidentified accessions were also detected. A similar comparison will be conducted for apple when the Brogdale apple accessions fingerprints become available. Several accessions were found to be false, 78 apple and 22 pear, and removal from the collection was recommended. For ACS1 genotyping of 292 apple accessions, customised fluorescently labelled ACS1-Pr were used rather than the published ACS1-5 primers. Of the 292 apple accessions, 29 were homozygous for the b allele associated with low ethylene and good storage potential. Novel size variation in one allele of the ACS1 gene, was detected in some Malus species and ornamental hybrids. Successful amplification in a multiplex reaction was achieved and proves to be a cost effective method for simultaneous molecular fingerprinting and ACS1 genotyping. True to type material will facilitate confident use of genetic resources in the breeding programmes, and the ACS1 genotypes will identify candidate parents for developing good storage performing cultivars for distant markets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Summary not available
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Yaseen, Mehwish. "Manipulation of Fruit Ripening, Quality and Storage Life in Pome Fruits Using Novel Ethylene Antagonists." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75530.
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Ethylene antagonists offer an effective way to prevent the deleterious effects of ethylene in climacteric fruits. 1-Methylcyclopropene, 1-hexylcyclopropene, (S)-(-)- limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde were evaluated as ethylene antagonist to extend the storage life of apple and pear fruits. 1-Methylcyclopropene was most efficient followed by 1-HCP, (S)-(-)-limonene and trans-cinnamaldehyde in suppressing and delaying climacteric ethylene production, extending cold and controlled atmosphere storage life and maintaining fruit quality depending upon cultivar and storage period.
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Cloete, Mia. "Pome fruit trees as alternative hosts of grapevine trunk disease pathogens." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4169.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Plant Pathology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A survey was undertaken on apple and pear trees in the Western Cape Province to determine the aetiology of trunk diseases with reference to trunk diseases occurring on grapevine. Grapevine trunk diseases cause the gradual decline and dieback of vines resulting in a decrease in the vine’s capability to carry and ripen fruit. In recent years, viticulture has been expanding into several of the well established pome fruit growing areas. The presence of trunk pathogens in pome fruit orchards may affect the health of the pome fruit trees as well as cause a threat to young vineyards planted in close proximity to these potential sources of viable inoculum. Several genera containing species known to be involved in trunk disease on pome fruit and grapevine were found, including Diplodia, Neofusicoccum, Eutypa, Phaeoacremonium and Phomopsis. Diplodia seriata and D. pyricolum, were isolated along with N. australe and N. vitifusiforme. Four Phaeoacremonium species, P. aleophilum, P. iranianum, P. mortoniae and P. viticola, two Phomopsis species linked to clades identified in former studies as Phomopsis sp. 1 and Phomopsis sp. 7, and Eutypa lata were found. In addition, Paraconiothyrium brasiliense and Pa. variabile, and an unidentified Pyrenochaetalike species were found. Of these the Phaeoacremonium species have not been found on pear wood and it is a first report of P. aleophilum occurring on apple. This is also a first report of the Phomopsis species and Eutypa lata found occurring on pome trees in South Africa Two new coelomycetous fungi were also found including a Diplodia species, Diplodia pyricolum sp. nov., and a new genus, Pyrenochaetoides gen. nov. with the type species, Pyrenochaetoides mali sp. nov., were described from necrotic pear and apple wood. The combined ITS and EF1-α phylogeny supported the new Diplodia species, which is closely related to D. mutila and D. africana. The new species is characterised by conidia that become pigmented and 1-septate within the pycnidium, and that are intermediate in size between the latter two Diplodia species. Phylogenetic inference of the SSU of the unknown coelomycete provided bootstrap support (100%) for a monophyletic clade unrelated to known genera, and basal to Phoma and its relatives. Morphologically the new genus is characterised by pycnidial with elongated necks that lack setae, cylindrical conidiophores that are seldomly branched at the base, and Phoma-like conidia. The phylogenetic results combined with its dissimilarity from genera allied to Phoma, lead to the conclusion that this species represents a new genus. A pathogenicity trial was undertaken to examine the role of these species on apple, pear and grapevine shoots. N. australe caused the longest lesions on grapevine shoots, while Pyrenochaetoides mali, Pa. variabile, D. seriata and P. mortoniae caused lesions that were significantly longer than the control inoculations. On pears, D. pyricolum and N. australe caused the longest lesions, followed by D. seriata and E. lata. On apples, the longest lesions were caused by N. australe and P. iranianum. D. seriata, D. pyricolum, E. lata, N. vitifusiforme, Pa. brasiliense, P. aleophilum and P. mortoniae also caused lesions on apple that were significantly longer than the control. The study demonstrated that close cultivation of grapevine to apple and pear orchards may have inherent risks in terms of the free availability of viable inoculum of trunk disease pathogens.
No Afrikaans abstract available.
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Curtiss, Robert T. "Attractiveness of semiochemicals to green lacewings for biological control in pome fruit." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/R_Curtiss_050808.pdf.
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Mantyka, Daylin Lindsay. "Detection, quantification and biological control of post-harvest pathogens of pome fruit." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26270.
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Blue mold (Penicillium expansum), grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) and mucor rot
(Mucor piriformis) are important post-harvest diseases of pome fruit in British Columbia
and throughout the world causing annual losses of 5 – 20%. Identification and
quantification using novel DNA macroarray technology may assist in the development of
prediction models and disease forecasting. Post-harvest pathogens were monitored and
quantified throughout the growing season in four apple orchards in the Okanagan Valley,
BC in 2007 and 2008. Their detection was variable due to field and year differences.
The average percent detection of P. expansum (27.4%) and M. piriformis (19.2%) was
higher than that of B. cinerea (6.2%). There was a positive correlation between total
post-harvest pathogen detection in aerial samples just prior to harvest and after harvest in
naturally infected fruit (r = 0.74; p = 0.09). Pseudomonas fluorescens (isolates 1-112, 2-
28, 4-6) and Serratia plymuthica (isolate 6-25), isolated from the rhizosphere of legumes,
were investigated for their biological control capabilities in semi-commercial storage
conditions at 1°C in air and commercial storage conditions in controlled atmosphere and
with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application. Overall, isolate 6-25 provided control
in the greatest number of treatments (51.7%) while isolate 1-112 provided the greatest
level of control (75.8%) in treatments where significant control was exhibited. Isolate 4-
6 was tagged with green fluorescent protein to gain insight into bacterial antagonist
population and survival dynamics. Alone, its population increased 10 fold after 30 d in
storage at 1°C and then decreased to concentrations similar to those at inoculation. In the
presence of the pathogen, 4-6-gfp increased then decreased after 30 d in storage at 1°C to
undetectable amounts. These data provide greater insight into the prediction, control and
population dynamics of pathogens and biological control agents as a means of preventing
and controlling post-harvest storage diseases in pome fruit.
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Kruger, Albertus Lambertus. "Agricultural extension programmes : problem conceptualisation and guideliness for the SA pome fruit industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52643.
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Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No effective programmed extension exists in the South African pome fruit industry. There is a lack of farmer response and involvement, a lack of coordinated dissemination of information and no systematic and scientific approach in the development of extension programmes for the industry. Particularly important is the lack of a systematic conceptualisation of problems and specifically the lack of identification of the most direct determinants of behaviour (the psychological field forces) and a lack of the systematic addressing of these human constraints. DOvel's revised extension programme model was used as basis for this study. It included the identification, prioritisation, conceptualisation and determination of perceived problems that need to be addressed in the extension programmes. The most important identified problems that needs attention in an extension programme are producers' knowledge relating to all aspects of strategic planning (ie knowledge of basic principles, what is attainable, the advantages and disadvantages and the practical implementation), knowledge relating to the practical implementation of irrigation, bitter pit control and practices to increase fruit size, and knowledge that relates to basic principles of marketing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen doelgerigte geprogrammeerde voorligting bestaan vir die Suid-Afrikaanse kernvrugindustrie nie. Daar is 'n tekort aan produsentebetrokkenheid, 'n tekort aan gekoordineerde verspreiding van inligting en daar is geen sistematiese en wetenskaplike benadering in die ontwikkeling van voorligtingsprogramme vir die industrie nie. Besonder belangrik is die afwesigheid van 'n sistematiese konseptualisering van probleme en meer spesifiek die tekort aan die identifisering van die meer direkte determinante van gedrag (die psigiese veldkragte) en die aanspreek van hierdie menslike beperkings. DOvel se hersiene model vir geprogrameerede voorligting het as basis gedien vir die studie. Die studie het ingesluit die identifisering, prioritisering, konseptualisering en bepaling van produsente se persepsie van aangespreek behoort te word. probleme wat binne voorligtingsprogramme Die belangrikste probleme wat in die studie geïdentifiseer is wat aandag moet geniet in voorligtingsprogramme is die produsente se kennis van alle aspekte van strategiese beplanning (kennis van basiese beginsels, kennis wat betrekking het op wat bereikbaar is met strategiese beplanning, die voor- en nadele daarvan asook die praktiese implementering van strategiese beplanning), kennis wat betrekking het op die praktiese implementering van besproeiing, bitterpit beheer en die verbetering van vruggroote asook die kennis wat betrekking het op die basiese beginsels van bemarking.
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Van, Schoor Louise. "Effect of biological amendments on soil microbial properties and performance of pome fruit trees." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4602.
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Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global movement in agriculture is towards more environmentally friendly, sustainable production practices, since the role of soil microbial functions in ensuring crop production and soil fertility has become more evident in agricultural systems. Furthermore, with the impeding phase-out of methyl bromide, apple replant disease (ARD) is becoming an increasingly important problem and biological management practises are needed. Since microbial activity is generally carbon-limited in agricultural soil, it is widely accepted that management practices providing a range of organic compounds on a regular basis will tend to maintain an active and diverse microbial population. It was hypothesised that the application of various biological amendments can affect soil microbial numbers and function, thereby having a positive effect on fruit tree growth and yield. The effect of continued applications of organic material, various microbial inoculants and biostimulants on tree performance were evaluated in conventional management systems. Field trials were established in a conventional pear orchard, potential apple replant disease sites, as well as an optimally managed, high density apple orchard under controlled fertigation. The use of compost, compost extracts, a Bacillus inoculant and humates were investigated intensively. Furthermore, to improve our understanding of soil biological systems a combination of simple, practical methods were used to evaluate the effect of biological amendments on soil microbial properties and effects were related to tree performance. Regular application of compost extract in combination with compost showed the most significant effect in improving tree performance in commercial pome fruit orchards under various conditions. In the pear orchard, cumulative yield over the first two seasons was improved by more than 50% compared to controls, while in the fertigated orchard yield was improved by 22%. Biological amendments also showed improved growth in orchards suffering from stunted growth symptoms typical of ARD. However, in severe ARD cases methyl bromide fumigation showed the most consistent effects. Other biological amendments which showed positive effects on yield were application of Bacillus inoculants (Biostart®) in combination with a labile C source and a low dosage humate product, as well as a combination of compost and humates. It was clear that a combination of labile organic matter and a diverse group of microorganisms showed most promise. Although for some specific treatments increased microbial numbers and activity may have resulted in improved tree performance, in general, changes in culture-based plate counts, soil enzyme activity and carbon utilisation profiles could not be used as an indicator of yield. It was suggested that improved synchronisation of nutrient release and plant uptake, as well as microbial phytohormone production, may play an important role in improving tree performance with application of biological amendments. More research is needed on the exact mechanisms through which compost extracts improve yield and studies on root growth proliferation, as well as effects in the rhizosphere are recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Binne lanbouverband is daar tans wêreldwyd die neiging om die uitwerking van produksie-praktykte op die omgewing in ag te neem en sodoende meer verantwoordelik op te tree. Omdat die belangrike rol wat grondmikro-organisme funksionering in volhoubare verbouingspraktyke speel nou deeglik besef word, word meer volhoubare bestuurspraktyke bepleit. Hiermee saam, noodsaak aspekte soos die uitfasering van metielbromied vir die beheer van appelhervestigingsiekte, dat biologiese bestuurspraktyke meer aandag geniet. Daar word geredelik aanvaar dat gereelde toediening en aanvulling van organiese materiaal ‘n aktiewe, diverse mikrobe populasie in die grond tot gevolg sal hê. Die hipotese is gestel dat die toediening van ‘n verskeidenheid biologiese produkte grondmikrobe getalle en werking gunstig kan beïnvloed. Dit kan moontlik weer aanleiding gee tot positiewe reaskies wat die groei en drag van vrugtebome betref. In hierdie studie is die uitwerking van voortgesette toedienings van organiese materiaal, mikrobiese inokulante, asook biostimulante, op die prestasievermoë van vrugtebome ondersoek. Veldproewe is uitgelê in ‘n konvensionele peerboord, verskeie boorde met moontlike appelhervestigingsiekte probleme, asook ‘n hoëdigtheidsaanplanting appelboord onder optimale bestuur. ‘n Deeglike ondersoek is gedoen met betrekking tot die gebruik van kompos, komposekstrak, Bacillus-inokulante en humate. Eenvoudige, praktiese metodes is aangewend om vas te stel hoe biologiese toevoegings grondmikrobe eienskappe beïnvloed en of dit verband hou met veranderinge in boomprestasie. Die studie het aangetoon dat die gereelde toediening van komposekstrak saammet kompos, betekenisvolle verbetering in boomprestasie van kernvrugboorde teweeg bring onder verskeie omstandighede. Die kumulatiewe opbrengs van ‘n peerboord is oor twee seisoene met meer as 50% verhoog teenoor die kontrole. In ‘n optimaal bestuurde appelboord onder sproeibemesting, is opbrengs met 22% verhoog in vergelyking met die kontrole. Biologiese toevoegings het ook groei verbeter in boorde waar appelhervestigingsiekte bome se groei vertraag het. In die geval van ernstige appelhervestigingsimptome het metielbromied egter steeds die mees konstante positiewe uitwerking gehad. Ander biologiese toevoegings wat ‘n gunstige uitwerking op opbrengs getoon het, was ‘n kombinasie van Bacillus inokulante, ‘n lae dosis humaat en ‘n aktiewe koolstofbron, asook kompos in kombinasie met humate. Dit is duidelik dat ‘n kombinasie van ‘n maklik afbreekbare koolstofbron (soos kompos) tesame met ‘n diverse groep mikroorganismes mees belowend is vir gebruik in biologiese verbouingssisteme. Resultate toon dat veranderings in aantal organismes gemeet deur plaattellings, die aktiwiteit van grondensieme, en verbruikspotensiaal van verskillende koolstofbronne, nie as ‘n aanduiding van boomprestasie gebruik kan word nie. Daar is voorgestel dat verbeterde sinkronisasie van voedingselementvrystelling en plantopname, sowel as produksie van plantgroeihormone deur mikrobe, moontlik ‘n rol speel by boomreaksies op biologiese toevoegings. Meer navorsing wat verband hou met die meganisme waardeur komposekstrak opbrengs verbeter, is nodig. Verder word studies op fynwortelontwikkeling sowel as aspekte van die wortelrisosfeer aanbeveel.
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Thorpe, Peter Tulloh. "Future-proofing food : striving towards minimal insecticidal application in Western Cape pome fruit orchards." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96734.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Increasing pressure on food production and the concern over maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services is creating an urgent need to future-proof food production, while maintaining the natural environment for future generations. Within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) biodiversity hotspot in the Western Cape of South Africa, deciduous fruit is widely grown, contributing significantly to the local economy. To ensure access is maintained to important export markets, this study reviews the current available pest control options with focus on techniques able to preserve the biodiversity of the CFR, while simultaneously providing effective control over arthropod pests in pome fruit. A scenario planning technique is then used to depict potential future scenarios and the options we have in dealing with them. Emphasis here is placed on economically important arthropod species, particularly Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Biological control (biocontrol) is discussed in detail, covering predators, parasitoids and pathogens. Biocontrol is an important, sustainable pest control measure. However, certain risks associated with releasing living organisms into the environment must not be ignored. Monitoring of release programmes is essential. The sterile insect technique (SIT) offers a species-specific approach to controlling pests. However, the technique is research and management intensive. Globally SIT has shown great success, but lack of financial support has limited SIT uptake locally. SIT has shown increased effectiveness as an integrated technique, particularly with parasitoid release and pheromone-based mating disruption. The management of orchards as agroecosystems shows that preservation of natural vegetation and beneficial plant species increases crop resilience, encourages conservation biological control and maintains crop health. The importance of area-wide control is discussed under each section, as a favourable strategy which deals with entire pest populations rather than isolated farm-by-farm approaches. Other techniques covered include pheromone-based mating disruption, attract-and-kill and physical barriers such as sticky tree-bands, which all show integration potential with biologically-based techniques while minimising insecticide application. The usefulness of insecticides as a curative approach is recognised, and ways of preserving insecticide life-spans by limiting insecticide resistance are discussed. Social, economic, political, environmental and technological driving forces are used to develop four realistic future scenarios for pome fruit production in the CFR. The scenarios are based on the extremes of two key uncertainties: development of resistance to chemical insecticides, and changes in legislation regulating insecticide usage. The options we face in dealing with each potential scenario, with the suite of arthropod pest control techniques currently developed, is discussed. It is hypothesised that a best-case scenario, in which environmentally-friendly techniques which support healthy, productive agroecosystems, can be reached. We should carefully assess our options, and begin to shift pest control from a predominantly chemical basis to one in which habitat management and biocontrol form the basis of control, with techniques such as SIT, mating disruption and physical barriers assisting in creating holistic arthropod pest control systems. In light of the uncertainty that the future holds, a scenario planning exercise such as this, can assist in decision making today that will best prepare us to deal with future threats such as climate change and new pest invasions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Toenemende druk op voedselproduksie en kommer oor die handhawing van biodiversiteit en ekosisteemdienste lei tot „n dringende behoefte om voedselproduksie toekoms-bestand te maak, asook om tegelykertyd die natuurlike omgewing vir toekomstige generasies te bewaar. Binne die Kaap Floristiese Streek (KFS) „biodiversiteitskern‟ in die Wes-Kaap van Suid-Afrika word sagte vrugte algemeen verbou en lewer „n aansienlike bydrae tot die plaaslike ekonomie. Om toegang tot belangrike uitvoermarkte te verseker ondersoek hierdie studie die plaagbeheer opsies tans beskikbaar, met die fokus op tegnieke wat die biodiversiteit van die KFS kan bewaar en tegelykertyd effektiewe beheer oor geleedpotige plae van kernvrugte kan verskaf. „n Scenario-beplannings-tegniek word dan gebruik om moontlike toekomstige scenario‟s en die opsies tot ons beskikking om hulle te hanteer, uit te beeld. Klem word hier geplaas op geleedpotige spesies van ekonomiese belang, veral die Mediterreense vrugtevlieg, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) en die kodlingmot Cydia pomonella (L.). Biologiese-beheer (biobeheer) word in diepte bespreek, en dek predatore, parasiete en patogene. Biobeheer is „n belangrike, volhoubare plaagbeheer-middel; alhoewel sekere risiko‟s verbonde met die vrystelling van lewende organismes in die omgewing nie verontagsaam moet word nie. Dit is noodsaaklik dat vrystellingsprogramme gemoniteer word. Die steriele-insek-tegniek (SIT) bied „n spesies-spesifieke benadering tot die beheer van plae, alhoewel dit navorsings- en bestuursintensief is. SIT het wêreldwyd al groot suksesbehaal, maar „n tekort aan finansiële ondersteuning het die plaaslike toepassing van SIT beperk. SIT het verhoogde effektiwiteit as „n geïntegreerde tegniek vertoon, veral met die verlies van parasiete en feromoon gebaseerde parings-ontwrigting. Die bestuur van boorde as agro-ekosisteme wys dat die bewaring van natuurlike plantegroei en voordelige plant spesies oes-herstelvermoë verhoog, bewaring-biologiese-beheer aanmoedig en oes-welstand handhaaf. Die belang van streekswye beheer word bespreek onder elke afdeling as „n gunstige strategie wat te doen het met algehele plaagbevolkings, eerder as afsonderlike plaas-tot-plaas benaderings. Ander tegnieke wat gedek word sluit in feromoon gebaseerde parings-ontwrigting, lok-en-doodmaak en fisiese versperrings soos taai boom-bande, wat alles integrasie-potensiaal wys met biologies gebaseerde tegnieke en tegelykertyd insekdoder aanwending verminder. Die nuttigheid van insekdoders as „n herstel benadering word erken en maniere om die leffektiwiteit van insekdoders te behou deur insekdoder-weerstand te beperk, word bespreek. Sosiaal-, ekonomies-, polities-, omgewings- en tegnologies-gedrewe kragte word gebruik om vier realistiese toekomstige scenario‟s vir kernvrug-produksie in die KFS te ontwikkel. Die scenario‟s is baseer op die ekstreme van twee belangrike onsekerhede: ontwikkeling van weerstand teen chemiese insekdoders, en veranderinge in wetgewing wat die gebruik van insekdoders reguleer. Die opsies wat ons in die gesig staar om elke potensiële scenario te hanteer met die verskeidenheid van geleedpotige plaagbeheer-tegnieke tans ontwikkel is, word bespreek. Dit word veronderstel dat „n beste scenario, waar omgewings-vriendelike tegnieke wat gesonde, produktiewe agro-ekosisteme onderhou, bereik kan word. Ons moet ons opsies versigtig assesseer, en begin om plaagbeheer vanaf „n oorwegend chemiese basis te skuif na een waar habitat-bestuur en biobeheer die basis van beheer vorm, en waar tegnieke soos SIT, parings-ontwrigting en fisiese versperrings help om holistiese geleedpotige-plaagbeheer sisteme te vorm. In die lig van die onsekerheid wat die toekoms inhou, kan „n scenario-beplannings oefening soos hierdie besluitneming vandag aanhelp wat ons die beste sal voorberei vir die hantering van toekomstige bedreigings soos klimaats-verandering en nuwe en vreemde plaag-indringing.
Books on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Hadidi, A., Marina Barba, Thierry Candresse, and Wilhelm Jelkmann. Virus and virus-like diseases of pome and stone fruits. St. Paul, Minnesota: APS Press/American Phytopathological Society, 2011.
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Workshop on Pome Fruit Quality (2nd 1996 Bonn - Röttgen, Germany). Second Workshop on Pome Fruit Quality: Bonn - Röttgen, Germany, 24-26 November 1996. Edited by Blanke Michael M, Lenz Fritz, International Society for Horticultural Science., and Universität Bonn. Institut für Obstbau und Gemüsebau. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science, 1998.
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Bebee, Charles N. The protection of pome fruits, March 1985-May 1992: Citations from AGRICOLA concerning diseases and other environmental considerations. Beltsville, Md: National Agricultural Library, 1992.
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Bebee, Charles N. The protection of pome fruits, 1979-March 1985: Citations from Agricola concerning diseases and other environmental considerations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1985.
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Plich, Henryk. Studies on the role of hormones in the ontogeny of pome fruits: Final report Sept. 1, 1985-June 30, 1988. Skierniewice, Poland: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 1988.
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The apple: A history of Canada's perfect fruit. Toronto: McArthur & Co., 2007.
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Fruits: A Caribbean counting poem. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1997.
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Valerie, Bloom. Fruits: A Caribbean counting poem. New York: Henry Holt, 1997.
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Georgina, Rossetti Christina. Color: A poem. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
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Poems on fruits & odes to veggies: Where healthy eating starts with a poem. Millburn, N.J: Judith Natelli McLaughlin, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Knee, M. "Pome fruits." In Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening, 325–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1584-1_11.
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Aguiló-Aguayo, Ingrid, Lucía Plaza, Gloria Bobo, Maribel Abadias, and Inmaculada Viñas. "Pome Fruit Juices." In Innovative Technologies in Beverage Processing, 1–25. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118929346.ch1.
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Downes, J. W. "Equipment for extraction and processing of soft and pome fruit juices." In Production and Packaging of Non-Carbonated Fruit Juices and Fruit Beverages, 197–220. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0949-3_7.
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Downes, J. W. "Equipment for extraction and processing of soft and pome fruit juices." In Production and Packaging of Non-Carbonated Fruit Juices and Fruit Beverages, 197–220. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6296-9_7.
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Hauagge, Roberto, and James N. Cummins. "Pome Fruit Genetic Pool for Production in Warm Climates." In Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates, 267–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3215-4_10.
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Tian, Shi-Ping. "Management of Postharvest Diseases in Stone and Pome Fruit Crops." In General Concepts in Integrated Pest and Disease Management, 131–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6061-8_5.
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Zeller, Wolfgang, Yunlu Xie, Stefan Bereswill, and Klaus Geider. "Taxonomy and Virulence of Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) from Pome Fruit and Stone Fruit Trees." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 465–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5472-7_83.
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Luan, Yunxia, Hua Ping, Zhihong Ma, and Ligang Pan. "Research on Surface Sampling for Determination of Pesticide Residues in Pome Fruit." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture V, 516–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27278-3_53.
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Laimer, Margit. "Detection and Elimination of Viruses and Phytoplasmas from Pome and Stone Fruit Trees." In Horticultural Reviews, 187–236. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650851.ch4.
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Zhao, Youfu. "Genomics of Erwinia amylovora and Related Erwinia Species Associated with Pome Fruit Trees." In Genomics of Plant-Associated Bacteria, 1–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55378-3_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Li, Hao. "Whole-Geme Duplications in Apple and Pear and Its Implications on Pome Fruit Evolution and Diversification of Malinae." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052980.
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Quang Tri Ho, Pieter Verboven, Hibru K Mebatsion, Greet Kerckhofs, Martine Wevers, and Bart M Nicolaï. "Multiscale Modelling of Gas Transport in Pome Fruit A paper from the State-of-the-Art in Application of Finite Element Numerical Solutions to Engineering Problems: A Session Honoring Pioneering Contributions of Professor Kamyar Haghighi of Purdue Universi." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27322.
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Yogesh, A. K. Dubey, Tanmaya Vyas, and Mayank Thukral. "Segmentation techniques for external defect detection in pome fruits." In 2017 6th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrito.2017.8342501.
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Marusov, Alexander, Mariam Kaprielova, and Radoslav Neychev. "Enhancing Human Pose Estimation with Privileged Learning." In 2022 31st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct54823.2022.9770903.
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Joshi, Manoj, Dibakar Raj Pant, Rupesh Raj Karn, Jukka Heikkonen, and Rajeev Kanth. "Meta-Learning, Fast Adaptation, and Latent Representation for Head Pose Estimation." In 2022 31st Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct54823.2022.9770932.
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Noskova, Polina, and Rami Al-Naim. "Adaptive Observer of Magnetic Flux for a Nonsalient-pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." In 2020 27th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/fruct49677.2020.9211030.
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Reboussin, Beth, Kimberly Wagoner, Erin Sutfin, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Cynthia Suerken, Edgar Alfonso Romero-Sandoval, and Allison Lazard. "The impact of cannabis edible packaging elements on appeal, harm perceptions and knowledge: an experimental study among a national convenience sample of adults in the United States." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.05.
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The state-legalized cannabis industry is rapidly evolving, and regulators lack scientific data as to how product packaging should be regulated to protect public health. Cannabis edibles in particular pose unique public health and regulatory challenges. While smoking cannabis results in an immediate high, intoxication from consuming edibles can be delayed up to 2 hours or more which can lead to overconsumption of THC, particularly by naïve users. The packaging of edibles as appealing food products may also reduce harm perceptions. The goal of this pilot study was to examine the impact of flavor imagery and a cannabis warning on product appeal, harm perceptions, knowledge, and willingness to try edibles. We recruited a convenience sample of 700 adults ages 19-79 (mean age 38), 52% female, 77% white, 14% Hispanic, 59% college-educated from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants were randomized to one of four experimental conditions to view a cannabis edible package that varied by presence of fruit imagery (yes/no) and type of warning (Washington State cannabis warning; control warning). More than half of our sample had tried edibles and 36% were current users. Participants viewing packages with fruit imagery were significantly more likely (p<0.05) than participants viewing packages without fruit imagery to think the product was appealing (69% vs 39%) and safe to consume (69% vs 52%) and were more likely to want to try the product (58% vs 39%). Among participants exposed to the cannabis warning, only 42% believed the package clearly indicated how to safely consume it and fewer than half knew the correct serving size, which was not significantly different than those not viewing the warning. Only 17% of those viewing the warning knew the effects could be delayed by more than two hours. These results provide preliminary evidence of the impact of product packaging on appeal, knowledge, harm perceptions and willingness to try cannabis edibles and demonstrate the need for improved, edible-specific warnings to educate consumers about safe use.
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Li, Tao, Feng Xie, Qingchun Feng, and Quan Qiu. "Multi-vision-based Localization and Pose Estimation of Occluded Apple Fruits for Harvesting Robots." In 2022 37th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac57282.2022.10023577.
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Wang, Xueliang, Zhiguo Qu, and Yaping Wang. "Fabrication and Mechanical Property of Bioinspired Three Dimensional Amorphous Carbon Membrane As Anode in Lithium Ion Battery." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3990.
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Abstract 3D amorphous carbon-based membrane materials with continuous carbon skeleton were obtained from the fruit waste pomelo peel. The microstructure shows honeycomb in the transverse direction with pore size ranging from 50∼100 μm, while in the longitudinal direction, the inner surface of the carbon membrane shows unique structure, i.e., rollable ladders with carbon rungs twinkled intimately around the vertical stringers, which is considered to contribute to the mechanical strength of the carbon membrane. The tensile test indicates that prolonged yield stage is observed in the stress-strain curve of the membrane material, the corresponding fracture morphology showing different fracture surfaces, which confirms the alleviation of the applied load by changing the crack direction. In addition, the elastic modulus of the carbon membrane material is 140 MPa. The elongation of the yield period is considered to facilitate the structure stability of the carbon membrane material as anode material in Lithium-ion battery (LIBs).
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Yao, Shuhuai, Alan M. Myers, Jonathan D. Posner, and Juan G. Santiago. "Electroosmotic Pumps Fabricated From Porous Silicon Membranes." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61350.
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Large flow rates per applied potential are obtained from electroosmotic (EO) pumps fabricated from n-type porous silicon. Porous silicon membranes have ideal geometries for EO pumping. These membranes have hexagonally packed, uniform pores with near-unity tortuosity and are well suited to maximize flow rate for a given applied voltage. The 350 μm thick membranes were passivated with a SiO2 layer and exhibit a maximum flow rate of 1.2 ml/min/cm2/V. This is 4.4 times higher than previously demonstrated silica-based frit EO pumps. LPCVD polysilicon deposition followed by wet oxidation was used to control the pore size. The impact of these coatings on the pump performance has also been characterized.
Reports on the topic "Pome fruit"
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Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler, and Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.
Full textAbstract:
There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
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Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.