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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyvinyl chloride Thermal properties'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Xu, Rong Rong, Le Xin Song, Yue Teng, and Juan Xia. "Ferrous chloride-induced modification on thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride." Thermochimica Acta 565 (August 2013): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2013.05.009.

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2

Das, Rajesha K., Omdeo K. Gohatre, Manoranjan Biswal, Smita Mohanty, and SK Nayak. "Influence of non-metallic parts of waste printed circuit boards on the properties of plasticised polyvinyl chloride recycled from the waste wire." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 6 (April 4, 2019): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19836725.

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Extreme complexity in the range of metallic and non-metallic parts present in waste printed circuit boards leads to incineration for collecting valuable metals. The non-metallic parts of the printed circuit board can be used effectively without affecting the environment. In this study, the non-metallic parts of the printed circuit board, which is made up by cross-linked resin and fibre, was used as a filler in recycled plasticised polyvinyl chloride collected from waste wires and cables. The properties of the plasticised polyvinyl chloride matrix and plasticised polyvinyl chloride–non-metallic parts of printed circuit board composite were compared with each other by means of mechanical properties and thermal properties. Both mechanical and thermal properties results indicated that incorporation of non-metallic parts of printed circuit board significantly improved the hardness, stiffness, abrasion resistance and thermal stability of plasticised polyvinyl chloride–non-metallic parts of printed circuit board composite; however, the tensile strength of the composite material is not improved because of poor adhesion between the plasticised polyvinyl chloride matrix and non-metallic parts of printed circuit board filler. The poor chemical interaction is also observed from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results. This plasticised polyvinyl chloride–non-metallic parts of printed circuit board composite can reduce the leaching of a hazardous element from the printed circuit board with effective utilisation of plastics fraction from waste wires and cables.

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3

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis and characterization of some modified polyvinyl alcohol." Baghdad Science Journal 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2004): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.1.2.295-299.

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Some esters were prepared from reaction of different molecular weight of PVA with some acid chloride (prepared by reaction of acid with thionyl chloride or phosphorous pentachloride)in the presence of pyridine. The thermal and reological properties were studied. The increasing Of bulky groups decreasing stability of the thermal and reological properties.

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4

M M Younes, M. M. Younes, and H. A. Abdel Rahman and E. Hamed H A Abdel Rahman and E Hamed. "Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on Properties of Polymer/Fibrous/Nanomaterials Particleboard Composites." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 6 (2019): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000814/jcsp/41.06.2019.

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This investigation aimed to study the role of different contents of nano-slag, as well as various doses of gamma-irradiation on physical and mechanical properties of rice husk-polyvinyl chloride particleboard composites. Equal proportions of rice husk fibers and polyvinyl chloride polymer were used. The treatment of rice husk fibers with silane coupling agent showed a significant improvement in both mechanical and physical properties of the prepared particleboard composites as compared to those containing untreated rice husk fibers. Moreover, the partial replacement of polyvinyl chloride with different percentages of nano-slag namely 5, 10, 15, and 20% by the weight of polymer manifested a good effect on the properties of the resulting particleboard composites precisely at 10%nano-slag. In addition, the effect of different gamma-irradiation doses on the properties of the particleboard composite specimens that contain 10% nano-slag showed an enhancement in the physical (thickness swelling %) and mechanical (flexural strength, and hardness) properties. In addition, the results elaborated that the irradiated particleboard composites had a good thermal stability.

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5

Ahmed, Dina S., Mohammed Kadhom, Angham G. Hadi, Muna Bufaroosha, Nadia Salih, Wedad H. Al-Dahhan, and Emad Yousif. "Tetra Schiff Bases as Polyvinyl Chloride Thermal Stabilizers." Chemistry 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3010021.

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Tetra Schiff bases were used as thermal stabilizers to enhance the properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) when operated at high temperatures. The thermal stability of PVC films doped with Schiff bases was tested by the weight-loss method, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal aging test, optical microscope, and atomic force microscope (AFM). Results showed that embedding these additives increased the stability time of the polymer, which decreased the degradation reaction tendency. Furthermore, the primary color of PVC was improved by adding the Schiff bases using oven-aging. In addition, these Schiff bases resulted in a significant reduction in PVC’s conjugated double bonds and, hence, the weight loss.

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6

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Preparation of PVC composite using reinforced Iraqi Bentoniet clay as a filler & study their mechanical and thermal properties." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2012): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.3.450-458.

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In this study , Iraqi Bentonite clay was used as a filler for polyvinyl chloride polymer. Bentonite clay was prepared as a powder for some certain particle size ,followed by calcinations process at (300,700,900) OC ,then milled and sieved. The selected sizes were D ~75 µm and D ~150. After that polyvinyl Al-Cohool solution prepared and used as a coated layer covered the Bentonite powder before applied as a filler ,followed by drying , milling and sieving for limited recommend sizes. polyvinyl chloride solutions were prepared and adding of modified Bentonite power at certain quantities were followed .Sheet of these variables on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared reinforced particular polyvinyl chloride composite Experimentally, it was found that the composite prepared by adding modified Iraqi Bentonite powder , that calcined at 700 oC as a filler have an advantage in heating insulator properties by 30 from that found for PVC as it is ,and the value of stress strength exceed by three times as that for original value.

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7

Ivanishchuk, S. N., N. A. Bordyuk, Yu S. Lipatov, and B. S. Kolupaev. "Viscoelastic and thermal properties of transitional layers of polyvinyl chloride systems modified with polyvinyl butyryl." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 32, no. 6 (January 1990): 1155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(90)90171-2.

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8

Edraki, Milad, Milad Sheydaei, Ebrahim Alinia-Ahandani, and Erfan Nezhadghaffar-Borhani. "Polyvinyl chloride: chemical modification and investigation of structural and thermal properties." Journal of Sulfur Chemistry 42, no. 4 (March 9, 2021): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415993.2021.1895996.

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9

Duval, E., T. Achibat, A. Boukenter, B. Varrel, R. Calemczuk, and B. Salce. "Low-energy excitations in polyvinyl chloride: Raman scattering and thermal properties." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 190, no. 3 (October 1995): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(95)00274-x.

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10

Abdrahman, Mohd Firdaus, and E. S. Zainudin. "Properties of Kenaf Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.507.

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Combination of lignocellulosic fiber with thermoplastic is leading to the new areas of research in plastic composite field. Due to the problem of petroleum shortages and encouragement for reducing the dependence on fossil fuel products, thus increased the people interest in maximizing the utilize of renewable materials like kenaf fiber. By adding optimum natural fiber to thermoplastics could provide some cost reduction to the world of plastic industry as well as to dominance the agro-based industry. With a view to identifying the effect of fiber content and effect of coupling agent in kenaf fiber reinforced unplasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (UPVC) composite on the mechanical properties, the fiber and matrix mixture were mixed with poly [methylene poly (phenyl isocyanate)] (PMPPIC) using thermal mixing process followed by compression molding technique for the composite preparation that required for tensile characteristic (ASTM D638). The fiber loading were 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% in weight. Since the kenaf fiber and UPVC are chemically different, the compatibility and dispersability of kenaf fiber in UPVC can be improved by lowering the surface energy of the fiber to make it less polar, consequently more similar to the plastic matrix. Generally, PMPPIC act as a bonding agent that facilitates the optimum stress transfer at the interface between fiber and matrix which gives an optimal mechanical performance of kenaf fiber reinforced UPVC composites. Meanwhile, the addition of 30% fiber contents with PMPPIC was successful to enhance the tensile properties and the efficiency of PMPPIC was verified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.

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11

Nazzal, Zainab Falih, Samah M. Hussen, and Ali J. Mohammed. "Thermal and Electrical properties of (PVA _ CuCl) composite." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 30, no. 1 (August 15, 2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v30i1.546.

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In this study, the properties of thermal and dielectric Constant and electrophoresis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes with different concentrations (0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt%) of CuCl powder were investigated. A mixture was prepared using ultrasound technique for the distribution and homogeneity of the powder in the comparator polymer. The thermal conductivity (k / w / m.c) of the casting membrane was examined. The thermal conductivity of this polymeric system was increased by increasing the concentration of copper chloride. At 5% concentration, high thermal conductivity was observed, followed by a decrease in the values that followed. The electrical insulation and the electric permittivity were measured as a function of the percentage of the material. The results showed a gradual improvement in the durability of the electrical insulation by increasing the copper chloride material.

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12

Masyuk, A. S., D. S. Katruk, and V. Ye Levytskyi. "Modified polyvinyl chloride composites with metal-containing polymer-silicate fillers." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.01.186.

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The influence of the nature of the metal-containing polymer-silicate fillers on morphology, surface hardness, Vicat softening point and elastic-plastic properties of PVC plasticates has been researched. The influence of polymer-silicate fillers on physic-mechanical and thermal properties and the conditions directional regulation of technological and operational properties of modified composites has been established.

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13

Jiang, Liangpeng, Jingjing Fu, and Lihong Liu. "Seawater degradation resistance of straw fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 5305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5305-5315.

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To investigate the effect of seawater degradation on the mechanical, wear, and thermal properties of plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites, the seawater immersion test was performed on four types of straw fiber (wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), and sorghum straw (SS))-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. The results revealed that seawater immersion would result in poor mechanical, wear, and thermal properties, and lower two-phase bonding quality, thermal mass loss, and thermal residual mass, as well as more serious abrasive wear. The SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites had the highest and lowest seawater degradation resistance, respectively. After 12 d seawater immersion, the tensile strength of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites decreased from 17.3 to 9.7 MPa and from 12.3 to 7.2 MPa, respectively; and the flexural strength of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites decreased from 34.2 to 20.1 MPa and from 28.0 to 15.3 MPa, respectively. However, the friction coefficient of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites increased from 0.21 to 0.27 and from 0.24 to 0.30, respectively; and the specific wear rate of the SS/PVC and CS/PVC composites increased from 0.73 × 10-5 mm3/N·m to 21.7 × 10-5 mm3/N·m and from 1.77 × 10-5 to 28.3 × 10-5 mm3/N·m.

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14

Tourta, Nassira, Ahmed Meghezzi, and Hamida Boussehel. "Morphological and Thermal Properties of Polystyrene/Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Blends." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 32, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/rcma.320407.

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The present study investigated the morphological and thermal properties of polystyrene and polyvinyl chlorides blends (PS/PVC). The PS and PVC mixed by the solution casting by using cyclohexanone the ratios presented are 100/0,80/20,50/50,20/80 and 0/100 according to the weight of PS/PVC. Where the mixture formation is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. The spectral FT-IR results showed that the blend of PS/PVC did not have molecular reactions. The thermal gravimetry was used to achieve the thermal stability of the polymer blends. Two degrees of glass transition temperature were observed for each mixture. The results of DSC supported the absence of miscibility in the blend. The distribution of the phases in the virgin and blends was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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15

H. Hussein, Hamid, Osama A. Eedan, and Mahmoud K. Ahmed. "Mechanical, thermal and acoustical properties of concrete with fine Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)." Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37650/ijce.2017.138565.

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16

Mkhabela, V. J., A. K. Mishra, and X. Y. Mbianda. "Thermal and mechanical properties of phosphorylated multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl chloride composites." Carbon 49, no. 2 (February 2011): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.10.006.

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17

Fidan, S. "Volcanic Ash Reinforcement Concentration Effect on Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Composites." Acta Physica Polonica A 127, no. 4 (April 2015): 1002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.127.1002.

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18

Wu, Hao, and You Ming Cao. "A Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Modified by Barium Sulfate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1402.

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PVC/BaSO4 composites were prepared by melt blending method. The mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal stability of the composites were investigated. The results indicated that BaSO4 decreased the tensile yield stress and improved the elongation at break of PVC composites. Ductile fracture characteristics such were observed in the tensile fracture surface of PVC/BaSO4 composites. The toughening mechanism was cavitations toughening mechanism and shear zone toughening mechanism. The reaction of dehydrochlorination was limited by the addition of BaSO4.

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19

Saha, Indrajit, and Sanjib Kumar Sarkar. "Investigation of physico-mechanical properties of natural palm fiber reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 38, no. 1 (August 27, 2014): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i1.20215.

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Fiber reinforced polymer composites played a dominant role in a variety of applications for their high specific strength and modulus. The present work describes the effects of palm fiber addition on physico-mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. The tensile strength and Youngs modulus of the fabricated products increased, while the bulk density, flexural strength and tangent modulus decreased with the increase of fiber addition. The tensile strain decreased with the increase of fiber addition up to 10% and after that it remained nearly constant, while flexural strain remained increasing. There was an initial differential thermal analysis (DTA) peak for both palm fiber and composite, whereas PVC did not have that peak due to water absorption. Thermal analysis of PVC-palm fiber composites has shown that thermal degradation of PVC started ahead of palm fiber. The thermal stability of composite was found to be the average of palm fiber and PVC foam sheet DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v38i1.20215 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 38, No. 1, 83-92, 2014

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20

Wang, Min, Xingxing Yang, Guoyan Duan, and Wei Wang. "Properties of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate copolymer modified eucalyptus/polyvinyl chloride composites." BioResources 18, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 1812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.1812-1823.

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Eucalyptus/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites were prepared by extrusion molding with eucalyptus as filler, PVC as matrix, and different contents of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate copolymer (ASA). The effects of different ASA content on the mechanical properties, water absorption properties, and thermal stability of eucalyptus/PVC composites were studied. The morphology of the tensile section of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of ASA could improve the mechanical properties, heat resistance, and interfacial compatibility of eucalyptus/PVC composites. It also could reduce the water absorption of the composites. When ASA content was 10 wt%, the mechanical properties and heat resistance of eucalyptus/PVC composite were the best, and the water absorption in 24 h was the lowest.

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21

Moe, Aung Kyaw, Jirasuta Chungprempree, Jitima Preechawong, Pornsri Sapsrithong, and Manit Nithitanakul. "Recycling Waste Nonmetallic Printed Circuit Boards for Polyvinyl Chloride Composites." Polymers 14, no. 17 (August 28, 2022): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173531.

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To reduce environmental threats, such as land filling, incineration and soil pollution, which are associated with the improper waste management of waste printed circuit boards, the utilization of NMPCBs from waste PCBs as a filler in composites was pursued. Untreated and treated NMPCBs in varying ratios, 10–30 wt.%, were blended with PVC to produce NMPCB/PVC composites, using the melt-mixing method via an internal mixer, in order to solve the remaining NMPCB waste problem after the valuable metals in PCBs were recovered. The incorporation of the NMPCB with PVC resulted in an increase in the tensile modulus and the thermal stability of the resulting composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated improved interfacial adhesion between the treated NMPCB and the PVC matrix. The FTIR results of the NMPCB treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) revealed the formation of Si-O-Si bonds. The densities of the composites were found to increase with an increase in the content of the treated NMPCB, and compatibility improved. The tensile properties of the treated NMPCB/PVC composites were higher than those of the untreated NMPCB/PVC composites, suggesting improved compatibility between the treated NMPCB and PVC. The PVC composite with 10 wt.% of the treated NMPCB showed the optimum tensile properties. It was observed that the tensile modulus of the treated NMPCB/PVC composite increased by 47.65% when compared to that of the neat PVC. The maximum thermal degradation temperature was 27 °C higher than that of the neat PVC. Dynamic mechanical analysis results also support the improved interfacial adhesion as a result of the improvement in the storage modulus at the glassy region, and the loss factor (tan δ) peak shifted to a higher temperature range than that of the PVC and the untreated NMPCB/PVC composite. These studies reveal that the NMPCB was successfully modified with 1 wt.% of GPTMS, which promoted the dispersion and interfacial adhesion in the PVC matrix, resulting in better tensile properties and better thermal stability of the PVC composite.

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22

Siahaan, Ungkap, Basuki Wirjosentono, Darwin Yunus Nasution, and Cut Fatimah Zuhra. "Mechanical, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Diocthylphthalate-Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Reinforced Sepiolite/MgO." Materiale Plastice 59, no. 4 (January 1, 2001): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.22.4.5629.

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The search for nanofillers in polymer industries to improve composite material properties for several purposes has increased significant interest. In this study, dioctyl phthalate-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced either with sepiolite or MgO was produced in which the characteristic of composite sepiolite/MgO-filled was compared. Sepiolite and MgO were added into PVC matrices with 5, 10, and 20 phr concentrations. The product was characterized using analytical techniques such as SEM, TGA, DSC, and the mechanical properties regarding ASTM D 638 Type IV. The tensile strength of the composite increased with the presence of sepiolite and MgO. The highest result showed at the concentration of 5 phr. However, the elongation at the break of the composite decreased with the addition of MgO. The morphology analysis showed that PVC-filled sepiolite had a rough surface with a sharp fracture, but no sharp fracture was found in the PVC-filled MgO. At a concentration of 5 phr, both sepiolite and MgO increased the thermal properties of PVC with a residue of PVC control, PVC-Sepiolite, and PVC-MgO at 14.74%, 19.34%, and 26.33% respectively.

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23

Li, Huabei, Xiaolin Wang, Hongying Chu, and Xinding Yao. "Synthesis of a polyester plasticizer from rubber seed oil for polyvinyl chloride." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2022-0023.

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Abstract A polyester plasticizer (RSOP) for polyvinyl chloride based on rubber seed oil (RSO) was synthesized. Firstly, RSO monoglyceride were synthesized by the transesterification of RSO with glycerol at 220–240 °C. Secondly, RSOP was synthesized from RSO monoglyceride and adipic acid by esterification. The polyester plasticizer was characterized by GPC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and DSC. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials with RSOP and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) in varying ratios were prepared via thermal melting process, RSOP was used as a second plasticizer. The properties of the plasticized PVC materials were characterized by a universal testing machine, TGA, DMA and solvent extraction resistance. The obtained PVC materials showed improved thermal stability and lower glass transition temperature than PVC. Solvent extraction resistance and plasticization of plasticized PVC were also improved. This study provides a new strategy for preparing bio-based polyester plasticizer from RSO.

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24

Choi, Yun Jeong, Ji Hong Kim, and Ji Sun Im. "Improvement of the thermal properties of pitch by waste plastic (polyvinyl chloride) addition." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14 (September 2021): 2845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.080.

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25

Senhadji, Yassine, Hocine Siad, Gilles Escadeillas, Ahmed Soufiane Benosman, Ramdane Chihaoui, Mohamed Mouli, and Mohamed Lachemi. "Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight composite mortars containing recycled polyvinyl chloride." Construction and Building Materials 195 (January 2019): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.070.

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26

Fenollar, Octavio, David Garcia-Sanoguera, Lourdes Sanchez-Nacher, Teodomiro Boronat, Juan López, and Rafael Balart. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized with Natural Fatty Acid Esters." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 52, no. 8 (June 21, 2013): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.763352.

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27

Tian, Shenghui, Hui He, and Hanjiang Chen. "Mechanical, flammability, and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride-wood composites with carbide slag." Polymer Composites 38, no. 12 (December 29, 2015): 2898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.23893.

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28

Mindivan, Ferda, Meryem Göktaş, and Ali S. Dike. "Mechanical, thermal, and micro‐ and nanostructural properties of polyvinyl chloride/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites." Polymer Composites 41, no. 9 (June 8, 2020): 3707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.25669.

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29

Bishay, I. K., S. L. Abd-El-Messieh, and S. H. Mansour. "Electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites filled with aluminum powder." Materials & Design 32, no. 1 (January 2011): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.06.035.

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30

Singh, Monika, Divya Somvanshi, Rajesh K. Singh, Arun K. Mahanta, Pralay Maiti, Nira Misra, and Pradip Paik. "Functionalized polyvinyl chloride/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites and its thermal and mechanical properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 137, no. 27 (January 6, 2020): 48894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.48894.

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31

Kumar, Sudhir, Rupinder Singh, TP Singh, and Ajay Batish. "Investigations of polylactic acid reinforced composite feedstock filaments for multimaterial three-dimensional printing applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (July 7, 2019): 5953–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219861665.

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This paper reports properties of four different filaments prepared from (i) virgin polylactic acid, (ii) polylactic acid reinforced with polyvinyl chloride, (iii) polylactic acid reinforced with wood powder, and (iv) polylactic acid with reinforcement of Fe3O4 prepared with twin-screw extrusion for possible multimaterial three-dimensional printing. The results suggest that the melt flow rate of composite increases with the increase in reinforcements except for wood powder, which has shown a negative trend. Mechanical properties were also reduced with the loading but with the increase in the Fe3O4 content, these properties were improved. It has been observed that with reinforcement of polyvinyl chloride from 10 wt% to 25 wt% peak elongation and break elongation were reduced by 47.61% and 50%, respectively. Further, thermal analysis suggests that all samples were stable but for reinforced samples, the integral energy has decreased significantly in successive cycles. The vibration sample magnetometery of samples suggested that magnetic properties were dependent on the content of Fe3O4 present in the composite.

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32

Katruk, D. S., A. S. Masyuk, and V. Ye Levytskyi. "Influence of polystyrene modifier on features of polyvinylchloride plastics production." Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2021.01.166.

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The main methods of physical modification of PVC materials is the combination with other polymers, including PS plastic, and the creation of polymer (nano) composites containing metal and silicate fillers. Modification of polyvinyl chloride by polystyrene plastic leads to obtain materials with reduced degree of plasticizer release out of matter volume, adjustable elastic-plastic characteristics, and enhanced physico - mechanical and thermal properties. Physical modification of vinyl chloride polymers by other polymers or nanoscale particles of inorganic nature enables predictable affect on the morphology of these materials and directed regulate their technological and performance properties.

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33

Khoshnoud, Parisa, and Nidal Abu-Zahra. "Properties of rigid polyvinyl chloride foam composites reinforced with different shape fillers." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 11 (May 9, 2016): 1541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716646417.

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In this study, the effect of reinforcements’ shape and type on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam composites is investigated. For this purpose, three different fillers, longitudinal structure glass fiber, flaky structure mica, and spherical structure fly ash, were selected to prepare PVC foam composites with 0–20 wt% loading. The tensile strength in both 10 wt% reinforced mica and glass fiber composites improved slightly, while it decreased with the addition of 10 wt% fly ash. Flexural strength reached its maximum in mica and fly ash-filled composites at 10 wt% loading. Meanwhile, flexural strength exhibited higher saturation levels of longitudinal glass fibers due to their penetration within the foam cells. Charpy impact strength measurements showed a decreasing trend with increasing the filler content; however, the rate of reduction was the lowest in PVC/glass fiber foam composites. The effect of filler type and geometry on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of PVC foam composites was studied using thermogravimetric analyzer and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. First decomposition temperature of PVC composites dropped slightly with the addition of fillers, where glass fiber-reinforced foam composites exhibited the lowest rate of reduction. The second decomposition step of PVC foam composites shifted toward higher temperatures with increasing the filler content. Fly ash was found to be more effective in improving the second decomposition temperature. The dynamic modulus of mica and glass fiber-reinforced composites showed an increasing trend below and above glass transition temperature, up to 10 wt% loading, while the storage modulus in fly ash-reinforced composites increased with increasing the filler content at a constant rate. Morphological studies revealed that mica flakes with a paralleled structure within cell walls and glass fibers with a penetrated structure within the cell bubbles exhibited higher agglomeration compared to fly ash composites.

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Awad, Sameer A., and Eman M. Khalaf. "Evaluation of the photostabilizing efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol–zinc chloride composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 1 (October 11, 2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718804585.

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Accelerated weathering of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA reinforced with 20 wt% of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was investigated. The developed PVA composites were subjected to 100, 200, and 300 h of accelerated weathering exposure times. The effects of exposure on the PVA composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal properties as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, the mechanical and morphology properties, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of FTIR displayed that lower carbonyl and hydroxyl indexes are due to PVA composite. The results of mechanical tests showed that the accelerated weathering reduced the tensile strength of PVA. However, PVA composites exhibited fewer reduction of the tensile strength values. PVA composites exhibited better thermal stability after extent to ultraviolet irradiation. The storage modulus from dynamic mechanical analysis results that displayed a higher value for the storage modulus is related to PVA composites, compared to PVA. Before exposure, PVA composite showed a high intensity, compared to PVA. After exposure to accelerated weathering, the intensity of all samples shifted and decreased. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs showed that the surface of the PVA composites had fewer defects compared to the PVA after exposure. The results of characterization revealed that 20% of ZnCl2 into the PVA made less vulnerable to environmental degradation, and these PVA composites are suitable as packaging films for use in outdoor applications.

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Zhou, Ru, Biqing Huang, Yanming Ding, Wenjuan Li, and Jingjing Mu. "Thermal Decomposition Mechanism and Kinetics Study of Plastic Waste Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122080.

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Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), as a new type of engineering plastic waste, has been used widely due to its good heat resistance, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, while it has become an important part of solid waste. The pyrolysis behaviors of CPVC waste were analyzed based on thermogravimetric experiments to explore its reaction mechanism. Compared with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pyrolysis, CPVC pyrolysis mechanism was divided into two stages and speculated to be dominated by the dehydrochlorination and cyclization/aromatization processes. A common model-free method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, was applied to estimate the activation energy values at different conversion rates. Meanwhile, a typical model-fitting method, Coats-Redfern method, was used to predict the possible reaction model by the comparison of activation energy obtained from model-free method, thereby the first order reaction-order model and fourth order reaction-order model were established corresponding to these two stages. Eventually, based on the initial kinetic parameter values computed by model-free method and reaction model established by model-fitting method, kinetic parameters were optimized by Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm and further applied to predict the CPVC pyrolysis behaviors during the whole temperature range.

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Wu, Hao, and You Ming Cao. "Preparation and Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber/Barium Sulfate Composites." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.335.

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The composites composed of PVC, NBR and BaSO4 particles were prepared by melt blending method. The mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal stability of the composites were investigated. The results indicated that the elongation at break of PVC was greatly improved by addition of NBR, while the tensile strength was decreased. The elongation at break and the tensile strength of PVC/NBR composites first increased and then decreased with the increasing content of BaSO4, and the maximum were emerged at 5phr BaSO4 addition. The initial decomposition temperature of the composites composed of PVC, NBR and BaSO4 is 10.79°C greater than that of the composites composed of PVC and NBR. The scanning electron microscopy photograph showed that NBR and BaSO4 particles were uniformly dispersed in the PVC matrix when the addition of NBR and BaSO4 particles was low.

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37

Suriyachai, Pachareeya, Nandh Thavarungkul, and Pongdhorn Sae-oui. "EFFECTS OF AZODICARBONAMIDE AND VULCANIZATION METHODS ON ACRYLONITRILE–BUTADIENE RUBBER/POLYVINYL CHLORIDE FOAM PROPERTIES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 86, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.13.88947.

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ABSTRACT Effects of azodicarbonamide (ADC) and vulcanization method, that is, hot air (HA) and infrared (IR), on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber/polyvinyl chloride (NBR/PVC) foam properties were investigated. Results reveal that ADC content had no significant influence on the onset of vulcanization. The cure pattern of the compounds was dependent on ADC content. Foam density was reduced, whereas water absorption and compression set were increased with increasing ADC content. Regardless of the vulcanization method, the blowing agent utilization efficiency was increased slightly, whereas the thermal conductivity was decreased with increasing ADC content up to 50 phr and then leveled off. At any given ADC content, the vulcanization method had no significant effects on both foam density and porosity. Compared with HA vulcanization method, IR vulcanization method gave slightly lower thermal conductivity but greater values of water absorption and compression set. Foam structure was used to explain the results.

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38

Senna, M. M., H. M. Abdel-Hamid, and M. A. Hussein. "Thermal and mechanical properties of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) copolymer irradiated with ion beams." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 187, no. 1 (January 2002): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00843-6.

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39

Pulngern, T., W. Eakintumas, V. Rosarpitak, and N. Sombatsompop. "Compressive load, thermal and acoustic properties of wood/polyvinyl chloride composite log-wall panels." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 16 (March 26, 2017): 1183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417699712.

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40

Naghmouchi, Ilhem, Pere Mutjé, and Sami Boufi. "Polyvinyl chloride composites filled with olive stone flour: Mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 22 (June 24, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.41083.

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Mazitova, Aliya K., Irina N. Vikhareva, Guliya K. Aminova, and Juliya N. Savicheva. "Application of Zinc Oxide to Obtain and Modify Properties of Adipate Plasticizer of Polyvinyl Chloride." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081728.

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Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used in basic research and in the petrochemical industry due to their effectiveness. In modern times, interest in this type of catalyst and, in particular, in mineral oxides is associated with the technological design of the process, namely: The absence of waste emissions, and the possibility of regeneration and reuse of the catalyst, which meets the criteria of green chemistry. For this reason, the preparation of non-toxic adipate plasticizers is expediently carried out under conditions of heterogeneous catalysis. Zinc oxide was chosen for this purpose, and as initial reagents: Adipic acid, butoxyethanol, and phenoxyethanol. For synthesized butoxyethylphenoxyethyl adipate by thermogravimetry on a TGA-DSC-combined thermal analysis instrument and differential scanning calorimetry on a DSC-1 instrument («Mettler Toledo»), the following properties were studied: Thermal stability, melting and crystallization temperatures, polymer compatibility. An analysis of the data in comparison with di-2-ethylhexylphthalate confirmed the possibility of using it as a plasticizing additive in PVC compositions. The zinc compound obtained in situ as part of the developed plasticizing composition contributes to increasing the color and thermal stability of the obtained PVC compositions.

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Peng, Cheng, Yefeng Feng, and Jianbing Hu. "Enhancing High-Frequency Dielectric Properties of Beta-SiC Filled Nanocomposites from Synergy between Percolation and Polarization." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091699.

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Promising comprehensive properties, including high permittivity, low dielectric loss, high breakdown strength, low electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity, are very hard to simultaneously obtain in high-frequency applicable polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. Instead of traditional electric percolation, in this work, a novel route based on a synergy between electric percolation and induced polarization has been raised to prepare 0–3 type nanocomposites with an enhanced high permittivity (high-k) property and low loss at high frequency. This work aimed at optimizing that synergy to achieve the favorable properties mentioned above in composite dielectrics used at high frequencies such as 1 MHz and 1 GHz. Conductive beta-SiC nanoparticles with a particle size of ~30 nm were employed as filler and both insulating poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyvinyl chloride were employed as polymer matrices to construct two composite systems. Utilizing polyvinyl chloride rather than poly(vinyl alcohol) realizes higher comprehensive electrical properties in composites, ascribed to optimization of that synergy. The optimization was achieved based on a combination of mild induced polarization and polarization-assisted electric percolation. Therefore, this work might open the way for large-scale production of high-frequency applicable composite dielectrics with competitive comprehensive electrical properties.

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PATIL, C. B., P. S. SHISODE, U. R. KAPADI, D. G. HUNDIWALE, and P. P. MAHULIKAR. "EFFECT OF CALCIUM SULPHATE NANOPARTICLES ON FUSION, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210063995.

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Calcium Sulphate [ CaSO 4] was synthesized by in-situ deposition technique and its nano size (60 to 100 nm) was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Composites of the filler CaSO 4 (micro and nano) and the matrix poly (vinyl chloride) ( PVC ) were prepared with different filler loading (0-5 wt. %) by melt mixing. The Brabender torque rheometer equipped with an internal mixer was used for preparation and evaluation of fusion behaviour of composites of different formulations. The effect of nano and micro- CaSO 4 content on the structure and properties of composites was studied. The nanostructures and dispersion were studied by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical and thermal properties of PVC / micro and nano- CaSO 4 composites were characterized using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA). From the results of WAXD and SEM the flocculation of CaSO 4 nanoparticles were observed on the surfaces of PVC matrix. The thermal analysis results showed that the first thermal degradation onset (T onset) of PVC /nano- CaSO 4 composites for 1 wt. % of filler were higher as compared with corresponding microcomposites and pristine PVC . However, the tensile strength was decreasing with increasing filler content while, it shows increment in magnitude at 1 and 2 wt. % of nano- CaSO 4 as compared with corresponding micro- CaSO 4 as well as pristine PVC .

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Shi, Ai Hua, Guang Cheng Zhang, Heng Tai Pan, Zhong Lei Ma, and Chen Hui Zhao. "Preparation and Properties of Rigid Cross-Linked PVC Foam." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1056.

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High performance rigid cross-linked PVC foam has been prepared by molding process and boiling foam process with the main materials including polyvinyl chloride paste resin (PVC), liquefied methylene bis-phenyl diisocyanate (MDI-L) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA). The chemical structure, cellular structure and thermal properties were respectively characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Results showed that the foam had a uniform cellular structure, and cell size was about 760μm. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was 81°C and 5% weight loss temperature (T5d) was 252°C.

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45

Waqas, Hassan, Sumaira Naz, Tayyab Ali Khan, Muhammad bin Ahmed, and Fiaz Khan. "Case Study of PVC Cables Exposed in Accelerated Thermal and Radiation Environment." Defect and Diffusion Forum 418 (August 19, 2022): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5eim21.

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The objective of the present research is to investigate the degradation phenomenon of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cable jacket exposed under accelerated thermally aged at 100°C for 4 days then irradiated under n’s flux of 1.5x 1011 n’s / cm2.sec for 1 hr in PARR-2 reactor at PINSTECH. Thermal, mechanical and chemical etc. properties of degraded cable jacket were studied with respect to fresh sample. It was examined that plasticizer content in PVC matrix started to deplete under the effect of temperature which made the matrix more rigid. In addition, the interaction of radiation with polymeric chains weakens the hydrocarbon bonding. The hydrogen and chlorine ions ejected from PVC molecular chains recombine to form hydrogen chloride (HCl) which induces porosity by creating localized pitting. This phenomenon is known as dehydrochlorination which created scissioning in PVC materials. Hence, due to the synergistic effects of temperature and radiation aging, cracks were observed on the outer surface of cable jacket in 2 years equivalent time. This study concludes that cables having PVC insulation are not suitable for long term exposure (i.e. decades) in thermo-irradiation environment.

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46

Wang, Lei, and Chunxia He. "Characterization of Rice Husk Fiber-Reinforced Polyvinyl Chloride Composites under Accelerated Simulated Soil Conditions." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5409821.

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To study the effect of accelerated simulated soil aging on the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk fiber-reinforced polyvinyl chloride composites. The worst soil aging condition was determined using the orthogonal design method, and the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were analyzed over 21 d. The results indicate that the worst soil-accelerated aging condition was as follows: soil temperature of 65°C, soil pH of 2.5, soil moisture content of 45%, and soil porosity (ratio of thick to thin) of 3 : 7. An extended aging time tends to cause poor interfacial bonding quality, and the presence of many microcracks reduced thermal stability and flexural and impact strength. Many fibers were exposed, which resulted in increasing 24 h water absorption and thermal expansion coefficient. The hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and pyrolysis temperature of the composites (after 21 d of aging) decreased from 50 HRR, 17.42 MPa, 35.2 MPa, 3.19 kJ/m2, and 258.5°C to 26 HRR, 11.5 MPa, 16.8 MPa, 1.16 kJ/m2, and 251.3°C, respectively. The mass loss rate, 24 h water absorption, discoloration, and line thermal expansion coefficient of the composites increased from 0%, 4.19%, 0, and 28.43 to 2.9%, 7.92%, 29.03, and 29.98, respectively.

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Nouh, S. A. "Effect of gamma irradiation on the thermal, mechanical and structural properties of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 157, no. 5 (January 2002): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420150214611.

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Latroch, Noureddine, Ahmed Soufiane Benosman, Nasr-Eddine Bouhamou, Yassine Senhadji, and Mohamed Mouli. "Physico-mechanical and thermal properties of composite mortars containing lightweight aggregates of expanded polyvinyl chloride." Construction and Building Materials 175 (June 2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.173.

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Abou Taleb, W. M., N. K. Madi, M. E. Kassem, and A. M. El-Khatib. "Fast neutron irradiation induced changes in the optical and thermal properties of modified polyvinyl chloride." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 47, no. 5 (May 1996): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-806x(95)00171-s.

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Khan, Mohammad Mujahid Ali, Rafiuddin, and Inamuddin. "Synthesis, characterization, thermal behaviour and transport properties of polyvinyl chloride based zirconium phosphate composite membrane." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 2014): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.01.019.

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