Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polyurethanes

Academic literature on the topic 'Polyurethanes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Zych, Krzysztof, Robert Pełech, and Zbigniew Czech. "Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) and polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0048-4.

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Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) and polyurethane pressure-sensitive adhesives Gas chromatography, coupled with the temperature controlled pyrolysis technique, can be used as a quick method of identification of polymers such as acrylates, methacrylates and polyurethanes. Polymers based on alkyl methacrylates are widely used as construction materials and coatings. Polyurethanes are widely used as self-adhesives, sealants and electrical products (due to polyurethane's low glass transition temperature Tg). The aim of this work is to investigate which products can be obtained from polymethacrylates and polyurethanes.
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Zagożdżon, Izabela, Paulina Parcheta, and Janusz Datta. "Novel Cast Polyurethanes Obtained by Using Reactive Phosphorus-Containing Polyol: Synthesis, Thermal Analysis and Combustion Behaviors." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112699.

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Phosphorus-containing polyol applications in polyurethane synthesis can prevent volatilization of flame retardants and their migration on the surface of a material. In this work, novel cast polyurethanes were prepared by a one-step method with the use of different amounts of phosphorus-containing polyol, 4,4′–diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol. The chemical structure, thermal, physicochemical and mechanical properties and flame resistance of the prepared materials were investigated. The results obtained for cast flame-retarded polyurethanes were compared with cast polyurethane synthesized with commonly known polyether polyol. It has been shown that with an increasing amount of phosphorus content to polyurethane’s chemical structure, an increased flame resistance and char yield were found during combustion tests. Phosphorus polyol worked in both the condensed (reduced heat and mass exchange) and gas phase (inhibition of flame propagation during burning). The obtained materials contained phosphorus polyol, indicating higher thermal stability in an oxidative environment than an inert atmosphere.
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Schmidt and Eschig. "Hydrophobilization of Furan-Containing Polyurethanes via Diels–Alder Reaction with Fatty Maleimides." Polymers 11, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081274.

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We describe new hydrophobic functionalized linear polyurethane resins by combining N-alkyl maleimides via the Diels–Alder reaction with linear furan-modified polyurethanes. This procedure provides the opportunity for the post-polymerization-functionalizing of polyurethanes. Access to furan-bearing polyurethanes is achieved via the reaction of a furan-containing diol, polyethylenglycol (PEG), and different diisocyanates. The furan-containing diol is obtained from the reaction of furfurylamine and two equivalents of hydroxyalkyl acrylate. The resulting furan-bearing polyurethanes are reacted with fatty amine-based N-alkyl maleimides. The maleimide and furan functionalities undergo a Diels–Alder reaction, which allows for the covalent bonding of the hydrophobic side chains to the polyurethane backbone. The covalent bonding of the hydrophobic maleimides to the polyurethane backbone is proven by means of NMR. The influence of the functionalization on the surface properties of the resulting polyurethane films is analyzed via the determination of surface energy via the sessile drop method.
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Carbonell-Blasco, Pilar, Iulian Antoniac, and Jose Miguel Martin-Martinez. "New Polyurethane Sealants Containing Rosin for Non-Invasive Disc Regeneration Surgery." Key Engineering Materials 583 (September 2013): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.583.67.

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Different polyurethane sealants were prepared by reacting methylene dyísocyanate and polyadipate of 1,4 butane diol (Mw : 2500 daltons) by using the prepolymer method and different mixtures of rosin and 1,4 butane diol were used as chain extenders. The polyurethanes were characterized by plate-plate rheology, molecular weight distribution, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Laser Confocal Microscopy. The tack of the polyurethanes sealants was obtained by using a modified probe tack method, and their adhesion was obtained by T-peel test of leather/polyurethane sealant/leather joints and by single lap-shear tests of aluminium/polyurethane sealant/aluminium joints. Depending on the rosin content in the chain extender the structure of the polyurethanes was different, i.e. more urethane and urethane-amide hard segments were created up to 50 eq% rosin in the chain extender, and separation of domains was prevailing in the polyurethanes with higher rosin content. Furthermore, the addition of rosin caused an increase in the length of the polymer chains and in the storage modulus (particularly in the polyurethane containing 50 eq% rosin), and decrease in the melting enthalpy. Moreover, the crystallinity of the polyurethanes containing up to 50 eq% rosin showed lower number and smaller spherulites, Finally, the tack at 37 °C and the peel strength increased in the joints made with the polyurethane sealants containing rosin whereas the adhesive shear strength decreased when the polyurethane sealant contained 50 eq% rosin or less.
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Domańska, Agata, Anna Boczkowska, Marta Izydorzak-Woźniak, Zbigniew Jaegermann, and Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke. "Polyurethanes from the crystalline prepolymers resistant to abrasive wear." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0063.

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Abstract The research aimed at the selection of polyurethanes synthesized from poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG), as well as from two different isocyanates 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl)isocyanate (HMDI) and 4.4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) in order to obtain polyurethane with increased resistance to abrasive wear and degradation for bio-medical application. Polyurethanes were fabricated from crystalline prepolymers extended by water. The paper presents preliminary results on polyurethane surface wettability, friction coefficient for different couples of the co-working materials such as polyurethane-polyurethane, polyurethane-titanium alloy, polyurethane-alumina, in comparison to commonly used polyethylene-titanium alloy. Shear strength of polyurethane-alumina joint, as well as viscosity of prepolymers were also measured. The values of friction coefficient were compared to literature data on commercially available polyurethane with the trade name Pellethane. Polyurethanes obtained are characterized by low abrasive wear and low friction coefficient in couple with the titanium alloy, what makes them attractive as possible components of ceramic-polymer endoprosthesis joints.
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Nakajima-Kambe, T., Y. Shigeno-Akutsu, N. Nomura, F. Onuma, and T. Nakahara. "Microbial degradation of polyurethane, polyester polyurethanes and polyether polyurethanes." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51, no. 2 (February 25, 1999): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051373.

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Ke, Ruoyi, Zhaowen Lin, Hongbo Zhang, and Shilin Zhou. "Research Progress in Intrinsic Self-healing Polyurethane Materials Based on Dynamic Reversible Non-covalent Bonds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2324, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2324/1/012007.

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Abstract Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer with great capabilities like high elasticity, low-temperature resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, it will inevitably be damaged in processing or long-term use, which will shorten the service life of the material and increase the potential safety hazards. The widespread use of polyurethanes has given researchers more motivation to make polyurethanes self-healing, thereby eliminating material damage and potential safety hazards to a certain extent. This paper mainly reviews the self-healing mechanism and the research progress of intrinsic self-healing polyurethanes based on dynamic reversible non-covalent bonds, including H-bonding, metal-ligand, π-π and host-guest interactions. This paper holds that the non-covalent self-healing polyurethane can repair cracks repeatedly without adding a repair agent by introducing the above non-covalent reversible bonds into the polyurethane with good mechanical properties. Various types of reversible bonds provide a variety of options for self-healing. In addition, through the research on the preparation, mechanical properties, and self-healing ability of various self-healing polyurethanes, this paper summarizes and analyzes the prospect and existing problems of self-healing polyurethanes. In the future, researchers should focus on solving the existing deficiencies. This paper looks forward to finding a better scheme to improve the performance of self-healing polyurethanes and preparing ideal self-healing polyurethane materials that appear in the public’s field of vision. This paper is written to provide help for the research of self-healing PU and accelerate the transformation of the world to green development.
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Domańska, Agata, Anna Boczkowska, Marta Izydorzak, Zbigniew Jaegermann, and Krzysztof Kurzydłowski. "Polyurethanes used in the endoprosthesis of joints." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2010): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-010-0025-y.

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Polyurethanes used in the endoprosthesis of joints The aim of the studies presented in this paper was the selection of the polyurethanes synthesized from different substrates in order to obtain i) ceramic - biodegradable polymer composite and ii) polyurethane resistant to abrasive wear. The polyurethanes were obtained from the crystalline prepolymers extended by water, because it may have a beneficial effect on the toxicity of the material. The properties of PUs were investigated using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. In all the tested polyurethanes the peak from the reactive -NCO groups was not observed, which indicates that all the substrates are fully reacted. Such polyurethanes are characterized by interesting properties with the perspective use as components of ceramic-polymer joints endoprosthesis. The designed endoprosthesis should fulfill at least three functions: load bearing function (ceramic core), fastening and stabilizing endoprosthesis to the bone (composite ceramics - biodegradable polymer) and tribologic function allowing mating with parts of the prosthesis (polyurethane layer resistant to abrasive wear).
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Gunatillake, Pathiraja A., Darren J. Martin, Gordon F. Meijs, Simon J. McCarthy, and Raju Adhikari. "Designing Biostable Polyurethane Elastomers for Biomedical Implants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 6 (2003): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02168.

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The chemical structure, synthesis, morphology, and properties of polyurethane elastomers are briefly discussed. The current understanding of the effect of chemical structure and the associated morphology on the stability of polyurethanes in the biological environments is reviewed. The degradation of conventional polyurethanes appears as surface or deep cracking, stiffening, and deterioration of mechanical properties, such as flex-fatigue resistance. Polyester and poly(tetramethylene oxide) based polyurethanes degrade by hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of ester and ether functional groups, respectively. The recent approaches to develop polyurethanes with improved long-term biostability are based on developing novel polyether, hydrocarbon, polycarbonate, and siloxane macrodiols to replace degradation-prone polyester and polyether macrodiols in polyurethane formulations. The new approaches are discussed with respect to synthesis, properties and biostability based on reported in vivo studies. Among the newly developed materials, siloxane-based polyurethanes have exhibited excellent biostability and are expected to find many applications in biomedical implants.
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Datta, J., and J. T. Haponiuk. "Influence of Glycols on the Glycolysis Process and the Structure and Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 43, no. 6 (September 2, 2011): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413447.

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In this work, the influence of glycols on the glycolysis process and the properties of obtained polyurethanes were investigated. The glycolysates were produced via glycolysis of waste polyurethane foam in the reaction with one of the following glycols: 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol.The reactions were carried out for different mass ratios of polyurethane wastes to glycolysis agent, i.e. 6:1, 8:1, and 10:1. Polyurethanes were synthesized from the obtained intermediates by a one-step method of mixing polymeric di-isocyanate and the glycolysis products with molecular masses ranging from 700 to 1000, while a polyol (Poles 55/20) was used as a chain elongation agent. The influence of glycolysates on tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethanes was investigated using a Zwick universal tensile tester. Thermal decomposition of the obtained glycolysates and polyurethanes was investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that of all used glycols, 1,6-hexanediol gives the best improvement in the thermal stability of polyurethanes during the glycolysis process. The mean hardness of polyurethanes decreases but rebound resilience increases with chain length of the glycol used for obtaining glycolysates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Jung, Changdo. "SYNTHESIS OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES AND POLYURETHANE NANOCOMPOSITES UNDER CHAOTIC MIXING CONDITIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1124809046.

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Goodby, Amanda. "Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/32134/.

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The overall aim of this work was to investigate the biodegradability of a number of polyurethane elastomers synthesised by different methods and targeted for a specific agricultural purpose in which the polyurethane was required to be degradable in soil after its useful life. Polyurethanes were synthesised commercially using two different methods; a ‘one-shot’ method where all of the reactants were added simultaneously, and a ‘pre-polymer’ method, in which the isocyanate and polyol were reacted together before addition of the chain extender. The effect of the method of synthesis on the rate of degradation and biodegradation was investigated using accelerated alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and soil burial, where it was found that the polyurethane synthesised by the ‘pre-polymer’ method hydrolysed faster under alkaline conditions (21 days) than that synthesised by the ‘one-shot’ method (56 days). This was found to be due to differences in the polymer morphology, with an increase in microcrystalline domains occurring during the ‘one-shot’ process. The effect of the chemical constituents of the synthesised polyurethanes on the rate of degradation and biodegradation were also investigated. Comparison of polyurethanes synthesised with an aliphatic (H12MDI) and an aromatic isocyanate (MDI) resulted in an increase in the rate of alkaline hydrolysis with the use of H12MDI. This was found to be affected mainly by differences in the morphology, with an increase in microphase separation and a decrease in microcrystalline regions in the case of the use of H12MDI Polyurethanes were synthesised using different polyols; PEA, PCL, PEG and PCL/PEG (50:50) to investigate the effect of the polyol on the rate of biodegradation, where it was found that the polyurethane containing a combination of the two polyols, PCL/PEG (50:50), degraded under both accelerated hydrolysis conditions and soil burial. This was thought to be due to the combination of both hydrophilic (PEG) and hydrophobic (PCL) charactyers of the polyols, which had contributed to increasing the diffusion of water into the polymer matrix (hydrophilic PEG), and also to inducing the microbial degradation by hydrophobic interactions (PCL). The incorporation of the additives; iron stearate, cellulose and Cloisite 30B were examined as a means of increasing the degradation and biodegradation of the polyurethane polymers. Addition of iron stearate was found to decrease the thermal stability of the polyurethane, which resulted in an increase in polyurethane degradation under alkaline conditions at 45oC, and biodegradation under soil burial conditions at 50oC. The incorporation of cellulose into the polyurethane increased the rate of alkaline hydrolysis and biodegradation in soil. This polyurethane (PU CE) was also susceptible towards enzymatic degradation by Aspergillus niger. The incorporation of the organically-modified nanoclay Cloisite 30B has decreased the microcrystalline domain structure contained within the polyurethane, and this was found to decrease the rate of alkaline hydrolysis dramatically (degraded within 7 days).
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Coote, Alexander Stuart. "Polyurethanes for enzyme immobilisation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47386.

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Xu, Tong. "UV-Curable Hybrid Polyurethanes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1406471515.

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Williams, L. K. "Polyurethanes from renewable resources." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4358/.

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A series of polyurethane (PU) and polyurethane-urea (PUU) elastomers derived from a renewable source have been synthesised and characterised extensively. Comparisons have been made to analogous series of elastomers utilising petroleum derived diisocyanates. The renewable elastomers utilised a difuranic diisocyanate (DFDI) derived from furfural, a readily available raw material synthesised from agricultural waste. DFDI was synthesised using a modified version of a published procedure, utilising triphosgene for the formation of the diisocyanate. The reaction kinetics of the diisocyanates used were compared using an adiabatic temperature rise technique in both catalysed and uncatalysed reactions, showing that DFDI reacts at approximately one fifteenth the rate of MDI with primary alcohols. The polyurethane series comprised MDI/DFDI and 1,4-butanediol (BD) hard segments (HS) and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) soft segments (SS) at 1, 2 and 2.9 kDa molecular weights. The PUU series utilised the 2kDa PTHF SS and the amine precursor to the diisocyanate, in effect simulating the HS produced in a water blown (polyurethane-urea) foam. In all PU elastomers the DFDI variants displayed much greater degrees of phase separation as evidenced by lower soft segment (SS) Tgs observed by both DSC and DMTA measurements, greater invariants observed in SAXS frames, more SS crystallinity observed in WAXS data and a much more clearly defined morphology observed in tapping mode AFM images. Crystallinity within the SS was found to be much higher in DFDI based elastomers, whereas crystalline hard segments were only observed in MDI based PU elastomers and was more pronounced at higher HS contents and at lower SS molecular weights. The PUU elastomers showed very clear morphologies in AFM images but were found to possess a lower degree of phase separation overall, agreeing with previous literature suggesting that the stronger hydrogen bonding of urea groups can hinder phase separation.
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Panesar, Satwinder Singh. "Mould release layers for polyurethanes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38131.

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Peng, Chao. "Cationic Polyurethanes for Antimicrobial Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542383983590224.

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Freij-Larsson, Christina. "Surface modification of biomedical polyurethanes." Lund : Dept. of Chemical Engineering II, Lund University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38985470.html.

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Porter, Stephen Christopher. "Synthesis, surface characterization, and biointeraction studies of low-surface energy side-chain polyetherurethanes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9845.

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Lam, Kit Sang. "Biodegradability of waterborne polyurethane and polyurethane : polyacrylate coating materials in soil /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202008%20LAM.

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Books on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Lamba, Nina M. K. Polyurethanes in biomedical applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1998.

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Sonnenschein, Mark F. Polyurethanes. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118901274.

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Hepburn, C. Polyurethane elastomers. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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Eckehard, Weigand, ed. Automotive polyurethanes. Lancaster, Penn: Technomic Pub. Co., 2001.

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David, Randall, Lee Steve 1941-, and Woods George, eds. The polyurethanes book. [New York]: Distributed by J. Wiley, 2002.

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1941-, Cooper Stuart L., ed. Polyurethanes in medicine. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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Vermette, Patrick. Biomedical applications of polyurethanes. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2001.

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Woods, George. The ICI Polyurethanes book. 2nd ed. Chichester: Published jointly by ICI Polyurethanes and Wiley, 1990.

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Gupta, Ram K., and Ajay Kumar Mishra. Eco-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethanes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173526.

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Szycher, M. Szycher's handbook of polyurethanes. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Saunders, K. J. "Polyurethanes." In Organic Polymer Chemistry, 358–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1195-6_16.

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Turner, G. P. A. "Polyurethanes." In Introduction to Paint Chemistry and Principles of Paint Technology, 198–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1209-0_15.

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Turner, G. P. A. "Polyurethanes." In Introduction to Paint Chemistry and Principles of Paint Technology, 198–212. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6836-4_15.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Polyurethanes." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 575. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9248.

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Pearson, R. G. "Polyurethanes." In Specialty Polymers, 150–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7894-9_8.

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Peacock, Andrew J., and Allison Calhoun. "Polyurethanes." In Polymer Chemistry, 365–81. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446433434.025.

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Bashford, David. "Polyurethanes (PUR)." In Thermoplastics, 331–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1531-2_60.

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Bezwada, Rao S. "Absorbable Polyurethanes." In ACS Symposium Series, 137–58. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2010-1054.ch007.

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Ramanathan, L. S., S. Sivaram, and Munmaya K. Mishra. "Polyurethane Elastomers." In Polymer Data Handbook, 1097–100. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181012.003.0192.

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Abstract Major Applications Polyurethane elastomers find applications in adhesives, laminates for textiles, covering of conveyor and drive belts, welded bodies, roof underlay sheeting, magnetic tape coatings, water line tubing, and ski boot manufacture. Elastomeric RIM polyurethanes are useful in making automotive parts such as bumpers and fascia. Reinforced RIM polyurethane has been used for car windows door panels and wind shields. Foamed elastomeric polyurethanes are also used in making automotive parts such as arm rests, steering wheels, and rear deck air domes. Properties of Special Interest Excellent toughness and wear resistance with a broad temperature range for use. Polyurethane has good blood and tissue compatibility.
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Olivier Kanemoto, Stanley, Judith Emery Ngomoyogoli Kanemoto, and Madurai Suguna Lakshmi. "Low Ecological Impact Lignin-Based Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Foams." In Advanced Lignin Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004391.

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The flammability of polyurethane is a great safety hazard, threatening both lives and goods. Recognizing this, efforts to enhance the fire resistance of polyurethanes can be pursued through various routes. Depending on the classes and applications of polyurethanes, fire retardation can be achieved by incorporating flame retardants or modifying the polymer structure. In response to growing environmental concerns, lignin is an abundant and renewable resource, which has been employed to develop effective flame-retardant polyurethanes, with a simultaneous focus on reducing their ecological impact. Lignin, characterized by its aromatic and phenolic structure, naturally can act as a reactive fire retardant for polyurethanes. Nevertheless, diverse chemical modifications of lignin have been explored to further enhance its fire resistance. This review highlights advancements in the design of phosphorus- and/or nitrogen-containing lignin-based reactive flame retardants tailored for bio-based polyurethanes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Kote, Prashant, Magdalen Asare, Sahilkumar Chaudhary, Tim Dawsey, and Ram Gupta. "Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foams Using Vegetable Oil-based polyol." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/iefv6816.

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Polyurethanes can be used in many applications by modifying their properties via facile methods. Most of the polyurethanes currently used for industrial applications originated from petrochemical-based chemicals. There is a growing demand in industries to use renewable resources for polyurethanes. Vegetable oil-based polyurethanes have shown properties comparable to that of petroleum-based polyurethanes. In this research, sunflower oil was used as a renewable resource for polyurethanes. Rigid polyurethane foams were prepared using sunflower-based polyols. The polyols were synthesized via epoxidation followed by a ring-opening reaction. Epoxy number, hydroxyl number, viscosity, and spectroscopy characterizations confirm the synthesis of bio-polyol. One of the major issues in polyurethanes is their high flammability which was reduced by using flame-retardants. Two flame-retardants using melamine and diphenylphosphinic acid (DPPMA) and a phosphorous‐nitrogen intumescent flame‐retardant (2,2‐diethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphoryl melamine, DPPM) were synthesized and used in bio-based polyurethanes. as used as an additive flame retardant. The foams with DPPMA and DPPM showed high closed cell content ( >90%) with a high compression strength of 217 kPa and 208 kPa, respectively. The microstructure analysis of the foams using scanning electron microscopy revealed an even distribution of the pore size. The addition of DPPMA and DPPM in polyurethane foams results in the formation of a protective char layer during the flammability test and reduces the weight loss from 43% to 2.5% and 1.4% and burning time from 70 seconds to 6 seconds and 4.5 seconds, respectively. Our research suggests that sunflower oil could be a potential candidate for the polyurethane industries and DPPMA and DPPM can be used as an effective flame-retardant in these bio-based polyurethane foams.
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Magerstädt, Michael, Holger Schmidt, Gunther Blitz, Ralf Dopieralla, and Frank Schellbach. "Novel High Performance Elastomers: New, Recyclable Materials for Oil and Gas From In-Line Inspection to Pipe Coating." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90185.

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Starting out from the need for polyurethanes with higher abrasion and tear resistance for pipeline inspection, an entire class of new high performance elastomers were developed. Within a few years materials were synthesized which did not only extend the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomers, but also led to the development of completely new products. Applications range from intelligent plastic solutions combining elastomers and electronics via highly abrasion resistant pipe coatings to a new process for recycling and reuse of crosslinked polyurethanes. Fundamental to these successful developments is the “building-block” chemistry of polyurethanes. A very high number of permutations of the up to 7 components used in the synthesis of a polyurethane elastomer is possible. By choosing the right combinations and the right reaction conditions, specific material properties can be designed. Materials exhibiting the following material properties, hitherto not found in polyurethanes, were developed: • An operating temperature range from −50 to +135°C. • Chemical resistance to highly acidic and alkaline media, e.g., pure ammonia. • Significantly higher abrasion and tear resistance than standard polyurethanes. • Exactly adjustable visco-elastic damping (rebound resilience). • Adhesion to steel higher than reported with any other polyurethane elastomer. • A novel polyurethane elastomer with more than 90% share of recycled material reaching mechanical properties in the same range as virgin material. This presentation will detail the materials and their properties and give application examples from pipeline cleaning, pipe protection, and pipe coating to mechanical protection devices made from recycled polyurethane elastomer.
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Swisher, Karena L., and Fyodor A. Shutov. "Mechanical Properties of Cellular Polyurethanes Filled With Polyurethane Disperse Filler." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0924.

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Abstract Flexible polyurethane (PUR) foams have been filled with fine PUR powder produced from PUR foam automotive scrap. For pulverization the proprietary non-extrusion and non-cryogenic Pressure Shear Pulverization (PSP) process was used. The PSP process is based on the combined action of high shear stress and compression load at ambient temperatures. Mechanical behavior of filled PUR foams have been studied at various contents (up to 30 percent per polyol component) and size fractions (from 75 to 500 microns) of the PSP powder. Demonstrations showed improvement of compressive and cushioning properties are very critical in terms of size and content of the filler. The mechanism of the reinforcement effect is proposed based on capsulation of the PUR filler into the cell struts and walls of the flexible cellular PUR matrix.
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Hall, Adam. "Recycling Polyurethanes - An Industry Update from the Polyurethanes Recycle and Recovery Counsel (PURRC)." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951068.

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Sendijarevic, Vahid, Ibrahim Sendijarevic, Kevin Mayne, Gerald R. Winslow, Claudia M. Duranceau, Nakia L. Simon, and Candace S. Wheeler. "Recycling of Polyurethane Foams Recovered from Shredder Residue via Glycolysis Process into Polyurethanes." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-1579.

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Bauer, Adolf. "Long Fiber Injection of Polyurethanes." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970147.

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Davletbaeva, I. M., R. S. Davletbaev, A. D’Amore, Domenico Acierno, and Luigi Grassia. "Metalcoordinated Polyurethanes And Their Properties." In V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455598.

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Gerbreders, A., J. Aleksejeva, and J. Teteris. "Photosensitive polyurethanes for optical record." In Photonics Prague 2011, edited by Pavel Tománek, Dagmar Senderáková, and Petr Páta. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.910874.

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Filip, Daniela, G. E. Ioanid, A. Ioanid, and D. Macocinschi. "Surface characteristics of pluronic-based polyurethanes." In 2008 IEEE 35th International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2008.4590930.

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Myers, James I., and William J. Farrissey. "Energy Recovery Options for RIM Polyurethanes." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910583.

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Reports on the topic "Polyurethanes"

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Brown, Hope. Review of Polyurethanes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1963609.

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Cooper, Stuart L., and Sachin Velankar. Microphase Separation in Ion Containing Polyurethanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada394322.

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Young, Sandra K., Peter L. Vajda, Eugene Napadensky, Dawn M. Crawford, and James M. Sloan. Structure-Scavenging Abilities of Cyclodextrin-Based Polyurethanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406085.

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MacKnight, William J. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Segmented Polyurethanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230966.

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MacKnight, William J. Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Segmented Polyurethanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada246108.

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Hoyle, Charles E., and Kyu-Jun Kim. Photolysis of Aromatic Diisocyanate Based Polyurethanes in Solution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada169644.

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Guttman, Charles M., John R. Maurey, Peter H. Verdier, Charles C. Han, and Francis W. Wang. Development of characterization techniques for polyurethanes I. Characterization of SRM 1480, a low molecular weight polyurethane for SEC calibration. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4788.

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Stanford, John L., and Robert J. Young. High Performance Composites Based on Polyurethanes Reinforced with Polydiacetylenes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208436.

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Sloan, James M., and Henry Feuer. Diffusion and Mechanical Properties of Polyether-Polyurethanes Reinforced with Silica. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1010206.

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Schwab, Joseph J., Joseph D. Lichtenhan, Kevin P. Chaffee, Patrick T. Mather, and Angel Romo-Uribe. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): Silicon Based Monomers and Their Use in the Preparation of Hybrid Polyurethanes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408813.

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