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Journal articles on the topic 'Polythiophene'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Rittmeyer, Simon P., and Axel Groß. "Structural and electronic properties of oligo- and polythiophenes modified by substituents." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 3 (December 27, 2012): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.101.

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The electronic and structural properties of oligo- and polythiophenes that can be used as building blocks for molecular electronic devices have been studied by using periodic density functional theory calculations. We have in particular focused on the effect of substituents on the electronic structure of thiophenes. Whereas singly bonded substituents, such as methyl, amino or nitro groups, change the electronic properties of thiophene monomers and dimers, they hardly influence the band gap of polythiophene. In contrast, phenyl-substituted polythiophenes as well as vinyl-bridged polythiophene derivatives exhibit drastically modified band gaps. These effects cannot be explained by simple electron removal or addition, as calculations for charged polythiophenes demonstrate.

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2

Parmar, Hitesh, R. K. Shah, and A. T. Oza. "Infrared Spectra of Electronically Doped Polythiophene." Advanced Materials Research 1141 (August 2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1141.222.

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Polythiophene was prepared by oxidation of thiophene. It was electronically doped with organic acceptors such as TCNE, TCNQ, DDQ, Chloranil and kI-I2. The FTIR spectra revealed only little change of intermolecular band gap of about 0.21ev of polythiophene .However, polythiophene (pure) obtained from chemical company revealed degenerate semiconducting property. The electronic doping with the organic acceptors and kI-I2 revealed optical properties in small polaron model in the FTIR range. Thus both non-degenerate and degenerate polythiophenes were studied with 60% doping of organic acceptors.

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3

SOMANATHAN, N., and S. RADHAKRISHNAN. "OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONALIZED POLYTHIOPHENES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 32 (December 30, 2005): 4645–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205032930.

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This review focuses on the interrelation between the influences of polymeric structure on the optical properties of polythiophene — a versatile polymer for opto-electronic applications. From the application's point of view, the polymer should either be melt- or solution-processible. Functionalization of polythiophenes really helps for the above. On the other hand, the functionalization at the 3 and/or 4 position of the thiophene ring modifies the band gap of the polymer, which in turn, modifies photo absorption, photo- and electro-emission characteristics of polythiophenes. The present work reviews the influence of the optical properties of polythiophene on the different functional groups present in the thiophene ring.

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4

Liu, Haining, Qing Li, Qiqi Li, Wang Jin, Xiaoming Li, Abdul Hameed, and Shanlin Qiao. "Rational skeletal rigidity of conjugated microporous polythiophenes for gas uptake." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 44 (2017): 6733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01268c.

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A step by step increase of the skeleton rigidity of the polythiophene networks P-TTT, P-THIDT and P-DTBDT by monomer design. The monomers’ rigidity had intense influence on the stacking morphology and porosity structure of the obtained polythiophenes.

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5

Sugiyasu, Kazunori, Masayuki Takeuchi, Ryota Inoue, Ryo Shomura, and Yoshitaka Matsushita. "Synthesis and Redox Behavior of a Sheathed Cross-Conjugated Polythiophene." Synlett 29, no. 19 (October 11, 2018): 2557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611021.

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Control over the electronic structure in π-conjugated polymers is of great importance for the development of organic electronics and spintronics. In this study, we synthesized a sheathed cross-conjugated polythiophene through oxidative electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemistry has revealed that unlike linearly conjugated polythiophenes, polarons were confined in the repeating units that were segmented by cross-conjugation.

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6

He, Pan, Kyoji Hagiwara, Hui Chong, Hsiao-hua Yu, and Yoshihiro Ito. "Low-Molecular-Weight Polyethyleneimine Grafted Polythiophene for Efficient siRNA Delivery." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/406389.

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Owing to its hydrophilicity, negative charge, small size, and labile degradation by endogenous nucleases, small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery must be achieved by a carrier system. In this study, cationic copolymers composed of low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine and polythiophenes were synthesized and evaluated as novel self-tracking siRNA delivery vectors. The concept underlying the design of these copolymers is that hydrophobicity and rigidity of polythiophenes should enhance the transport of siRNA across the cell membrane and endosomal membrane. A gel retardation assay showed that the nanosized complexes formed between the copolymers and siRNA were stable even at a molar ratio of 1 : 2. The high cellular uptake (>80%) and localization of the copolymer vectors inside the cells were easily analyzed by tracking the fluorescence of polythiophene using fluorescent microscopy and cytometry. Anin vitroluciferase knockdown (KD) assay in A549-luc cells demonstrated that the siRNA complexes with more hydrophobic copolymers achieved a higher KD efficiency of 52.8% without notable cytotoxicity, indicating protein-specific KD activity rather than solely the cytotoxicity of the materials. Our polythiophene copolymers should serve as novel, efficient, low cell toxicity, and label-free siRNA delivery systems.

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7

Zanardi, C., F. Terzi, and R. Seeber. "Polythiophenes and polythiophene-based composites in amperometric sensing." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2012): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6318-7.

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8

Yang, Sheng-Hsiung, and Chia-Hao Hsieh. "Novel Linear and Hyperbranched Polythiophene Derivatives Containing Diketopyrrolopyrroles as Linking Groups." MRS Proceedings 1771 (2015): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.497.

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ABSTRACTThe goal of this research is to synthesize novel linear and hyperbranched polythiophene derivatives containing diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as linking groups, and to investigate thermal, optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of those derivatives. Polymers with high regioregularity were synthesized via the Universal Grignard metathesis polymerization. Those linear or hyperbranched polythiophenes containing DPP bridging moieties showed higher molecular weights and better thermal stability compared with normal P3HT. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the DPP-containing polymers are similar to that of P3HT in film state, while they show distinct attenuation in fluorescent emission. Finally, all polymers were blended with PC61BM and used as active layers for fabrication of inverted solar devices. The devices based on those DPP-containing polythiophenes revealed the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.55–0.58 V, the short-circuit current (JSC) of 8.62–16.21 mA/cm2, the fill factor (FF) of 36–41%, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.73–3.74%.

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9

Linh, Nguyen Ngoc, Ha Manh Hung, Doan Thi Yen Oanh, Bui Thi Thuy Linh, Nguyen Tien Cong, Nguyen Thuy Chinh, Thai Hoang, and Vu Quoc Trung. "Fluorescent properties of some polythiophenes synthesized from 2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)acetohydrazide and acetophenone." Vietnam Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 5 (October 2020): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vjch.202000101.

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AbstractIn this study, new polythiophenes containing hydrazone groups from derivatives of acetophenone were synthesized by chemical oxidative coupling polymerization. Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) combined with infrared (IR) analyses proved the supposed structure of novel polythiophenes and proved conformance of the expected synthetic method. Morphology and surface properties of the synthesized polymers were investigated by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) has been reported that there was still the presence of small FeCl3 catalyst in polymers and polymers had a stable thermal stability under air atmosphere. The polymers displayed fluorescence emissions at about 590 nm attributed to the π‐conjugated polythiophene. Polymers without doping have a good electrical conductivity (around 4.03×10–7 S/cm at 1 MHz).

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10

Ruckenstein, Eli, and Jun Seo Park. "Polythiophene and polythiophene-based conducting composites." Synthetic Metals 44, no. 3 (September 1991): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(91)91817-t.

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11

Mousavi, Seyyed Mojtaba, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Sonia Bahrani, Khadije Yousefi, Gity Behbudi, Aziz Babapoor, Navid Omidifar, Chin Wei Lai, Ahmad Gholami, and Wei-Hung Chiang. "Recent Advancements in Polythiophene-Based Materials and Their Biomedical, Geno Sensor and DNA Detection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136850.

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In this review, the unique properties of intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP) in biomedical engineering fields are summarized. Polythiophene and its valuable derivatives are known as potent materials that can broadly be applied in biosensors, DNA, and gene delivery applications. Moreover, this material plays a basic role in curing and promoting anti-HIV drugs. Some of the thiophene’s derivatives were chosen for different experiments and investigations to study their behavior and effects while binding with different materials and establishing new compounds. Many methods were considered for electrode coating and the conversion of thiophene to different monomers to improve their functions and to use them for a new generation of novel medical usages. It is believed that polythiophenes and their derivatives can be used in the future as a substitute for many old-fashioned ways of creating chemical biosensors polymeric materials and also drugs with lower side effects yet having a more effective response. It can be noted that syncing biochemistry with biomedical engineering will lead to a new generation of science, especially one that involves high-efficiency polymers. Therefore, since polythiophene can be customized with many derivatives, some of the novel combinations are covered in this review.

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12

Zhong, Yi Ping, Xue Quan Zhao, Li Guan, Ping Liu, and Wen Ji Deng. "Preparation and Electrochromic Properties of Polythiophene Derivatives." Key Engineering Materials 538 (January 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.538.7.

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Polythiophene derivatives, poly(2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2″′:5″′,2″″-quinquethiophene) (P5T), poly (2,3,4,5-tetrathiopenyl-thiophene) (PX5T) and poly(1,3,5-tristhienyl-benzene) (P3TB), were prepared via the electropolymerization. The electrochromic properties of polythiophene derivative films were investigated. The results showed that P5T, PX5T and P3TB films exhibited reversible, clear colour change in liquid electrolyte on electrochemical doping and dedoping. Moreover, solid state electrochromic device, indium tin oxide (ITO)/polythiophene derivative films/conducting gel /ITO, were fabricated with polythiophene derivative films as the active electrochromic layer. The color change of polythiophene derivative films based on gel electrolyte on electrochemical doping and dedoping were similar with the color change based on liquid electrolyte.

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13

Kausar, Ayesha, Ishaq Ahmad, Tingkai Zhao, Osamah Aldaghri, Khalid H. Ibnaouf, and M. H. Eisa. "Cutting-Edge Graphene Nanocomposites with Polythiophene—Design, Features and Forefront Potential." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 8 (August 3, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7080319.

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Among conducting polymers, polythiophene has gained an important stance due to its remarkable physical features. Graphene is a unique, two-dimensional, nanocarbon nanomaterial. As in other polymers, graphene has been reinforced in polythiophene to form advanced nanocomposites. This comprehensive review covers the design, essential features, and methodological potential of significant polythiophene and graphene-derived nanocomposites. In this context, various facile approaches, such as in situ processing, the solution method, and analogous simplistic means, have been applied. Consequently, polythiophene/graphene nanocomposites have been investigated for their notable electron conductivity, heat conduction, mechanical robustness, morphological profile, and other outstanding properties. Studies have revealed that graphene dispersion and interactions with the polythiophene matrix are responsible for enhancing the overall characteristics of nanocomposites. Fine graphene nanoparticle dispersal and linking with the matrix have led to several indispensable technical applications of these nanocomposites, such as supercapacitors, solar cells, sensors, and related devices. Further research on graphene nanocomposites with polythiophene may lead to remarkable achievements for advanced engineering and device-related materials.

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14

Khan, Mehwish, Hafsa Khurshid, Habib Ur Rehman, Zahoor Ahmad, and Zanib Khurshid. "Controlled Synthesis of Ag@Polythiophene Nanocables by Ion Adsorption Technique." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2024): 986–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.1.2324.

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Ag@Polythiophene nanocables were synthesized by Ion Adsorption Technique. In this approach, the pre-synthesized Ag nanowires were dispersed in aqueous solution of copper acetate and the Cu2+ ions adsorbed onto the surface of Ag nanowires. These nanowires were then redispersed in aqueous solution of thiophene. The adsorbed Cu2+ ions oxidized thiophene monomer to polymerize into uniform polythiophene sheath outside Ag nanowires. Thus, it has transformed pre-synthesized Ag NWs into polythiophene Nanocables (NCs). The morphology of pristine Ag NWs and Ag@polythiophene NCs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed sheathing effect at Ag NWs and indicated the successful coating over its surface. Optical and electronic properties were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy and PL spectroscopy. The functional groups were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The peaks at 1482 cm-1, 1625 cm-1, 1223 cm1, 825 cm-1 and 722 cm-1 confirmed the polythiophene coating on Ag NWs. Furthermore, the thermal stability was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which showed enhanced thermal stability of Ag@Polythiophene nanocables as compared to pristine Ag NWs.

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15

SAKURAI, Yoshiaki. "Modified Polythiophene Films: Discrimination of Odor and Fragrance." Kobunshi 52, no. 7 (2003): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.52.478.

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16

Kinoshita, Keita, Takashi Kobayashi, Takashi Nagase, and Hiroyoshi Naito. "Photoinduced Absorption in P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterostructures." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.503.

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We investigate the dynamics of charged states (polarons) in bulk heterostructures of polythiophene and fullerene derivatives by means of photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, and is compared them with those in pristine polythiophene thin films. Polaron lifetimes in the bulk heterostructure and in polythiophene thin films at 6 K exceed 140 and 17 μs, respectively. The difference in lifetime indicates that charged states are better stabilized by the addition of the fullerene derivative. We also find that the dynamics of intrachain singlet excitons, which are not observed in the bulk heterostructure, are different from that of polarons in polythiophene thin films.

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17

Jäkle, F., H. Li, A. Sundararaman, and K. Venkatasubbaiah. "Borylated Polythiophene." Synfacts 2007, no. 7 (July 2007): 0705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968651.

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18

Sugiyasu, K., M. Takeuchi, Y. Honsho, R. Harrison, A. Sato, T. Yasuda, and S. Seki. "Threaded Polythiophene." Synfacts 2011, no. 01 (December 21, 2010): 0037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1259157.

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19

Bjørnholm, T., T. Hassenkam, D. R. Greve, R. D. McCullough, M. Jayaraman, S. M. Savoy, C. E. Jones, and J. T. McDevitt. "Polythiophene Nanowires." Advanced Materials 11, no. 14 (October 1999): 1218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199910)11:14<1218::aid-adma1218>3.0.co;2-g.

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20

Feng, W., S. Rangan, Y. Cao, E. Galoppini, R. A. Bartynski, and E. Garfunkel. "Energy level alignment of polythiophene/ZnO hybrid solar cells." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 19 (2014): 7034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00937a.

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21

Leclerc, Mario, Ahmed Najari, and Serge Beaupré. "2008 Macromolecular Science and Engineering Division Award Lecture — Conjugated polymers: From micro-electronics to genomics." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 9 (September 2009): 1201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-086.

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Conjugated polymers have received a lot of attention, since they combine the best features of metals or semiconductors with those of synthetic polymers. For instance, solar cells based on poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives have revealed power-conversion efficiencies up to 6%. This class of materials could lead to printable and flexible photovoltaic devices. Moreover, water-soluble luminescent polythiophenes have allowed the specific, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection of unlabelled DNA, RNA, or proteins. This new optical detection mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions between a cationic polythiophene derivative and negatively charged oligonucleotides. This method makes now possible the rapid assessment of the identity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, and pathogens without the need for nucleic acid amplification.

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22

Cheng, Yang, Jun Wang, Yun Cheng Bao, Ya Li Ma, and Guang Hui Wang. "Synthesis of Polythiophene Nanoparticles by Microemulsion Polymerization for Photocatalysis." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1312.

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Abstract. Polythiophene nanoparticles prepared by W/O microemulsion method were found to be photocatalytically active for degradation of Orange II dye and methyl Orange. During the photodegradation of Orange II and Methyl Orange as organic dyes in UV/H2O2and UV irradiation systems using polythiophene nanoparticles as photocatalyst, it is exhibiting significant photocatalytic activity towards to double dyes in UV and UV/H2O2system. the diameter of spherical polymer nanoparticles is 100±20 nm which was characterized by TEM with good dispersity. Furthermore, its photocatalytic efficiency for degradation of Orange II and Methyl Orange under UV irradiation is 2.54 and 1.95 times higher than normal polythiophene composites relatively. According to the testment by Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry System, The true cause lay in the fact that the specific surface area of Polythiophene nanoparticles is 106.6 m2/g compared to normal Polythiophene is 24.2 m2/g, This conjugated polymer characterized by FTIR spectroscopies before and after photocatalytic reactions shows reliable chemical stability. In addition, it held excellent recovery ability and kept up their catalytic activity with indistinctive drop after six repeated utilization.

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23

Qi, Qingchun, Huizhen Ke, and Long Ye. "Ternary organic solar cells featuring polythiophene." Energy Materials 2, no. 5 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2022.40.

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Benefiting from the creation of new photovoltaic materials and innovations in device architectures, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are booming. Nonetheless, their prosperity is also accompanied by challenges, such as tedious synthetic routes, increasing costs and insufficient operational stability under practical stresses. Polythiophene, with a simple chemical structure, high scalability and excellent charge transport ability, is expected to be the most promising candidate among all kinds of polymer donors. Ternary mixing, as a simple and effective method for improving the efficiency and stability of OPVs, has attracted significant attention in recent decades. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in ternary OPVs based on polythiophene and discusses the role of various third components in three types of OPV active layers, where polythiophene serves as either the host material or additive, and also clarifies how the third component plays a role in determining morphology and device performance, and finally proposes future research directions for ternary OPVs featuring polythiophene. In short, this review provides insights into polythiophene-based multicomponent systems and helps readers better understand the relationships between morphology, efficiency and stability.

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24

Abdullah, Manal Midhat. "Effect of iodine doping on the characteristics of polythiophene thin films prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 12, no. 25 (February 12, 2019): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v12i25.313.

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Iodine-doped polythiophene thin films are prepared by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The doping of iodine was carried out in situ by employing iodine crystals in thiophene monomer by weight mixing ratios of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. The chemical composition analyses of pure and iodine-doped and heat-treated polythiophene thin films are carried out by FTIR spectroscopy studies. The optical band gaps of the films are evaluated from absorption spectrum studies. Direct transition energy gaps are determined from Tauc plots. The structural changes of polythiophene upon doping and the reduction of optical band gap are explained on the basis of the results obtained from FTIR spectroscopy, UV–VIS absorption studies, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The energy band gap will be different according to the concentration of polythiophene iodine. It can be concluded that iodine-doped polythiophene thin films can be prepare by aerosol assisted plasma jet polymerization and control the optical energy band gap regulars by controlling the thiophene -iodine weight mixing ratios.

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25

Liu, Zhen, Alaa Nahhas, Li Liu, Earl Ada, Xinyu Zhang, and Sanjeev K. Manohar. "Synthesis of Fluorescent Polythiophene Dots." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8987348.

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Ring-functionalized semiconducting polythiophene dots (Pdots) were synthesized rapidly and in one step by the hydrazine hydrate reduction of doped parent polythiophene, obtained by conventional chemical oxidation of thiophene monomer by FeCl3 in anhydrous acetonitrile. Dispersions of these Pdots display robust (pseudo) solvatochromism and solvatofluorism. Polythiophene Pdots exhibit significant cytotoxicity towards prostate cancer cells (expected) although when injected subcutaneously in vivo in live mouse, no toxicity is observed for 24 days when monitored in real time using fluorescence imaging.

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26

Lee, In-Hwan, Pitchamuthu Amaladass, and Tae-Lim Choi. "One-pot synthesis of nanocaterpillar structures via in situ nanoparticlization of fully conjugated poly(p-phenylene)-block-polythiophene." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 59 (2014): 7945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc02787f.

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1D nanocaterpillar structures were spontaneously formed during the synthesis of fully conjugated poly(2,5-dihexyloxy-1,4-phenylene)-block-polythiophene due to the strong π–π interactions between the polythiophene blocks.

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27

Xiao, Minyu, Joshua Jasensky, Xiaoxian Zhang, Yaoxin Li, Cayla Pichan, Xiaolin Lu, and Zhan Chen. "Influence of the side chain and substrate on polythiophene thin film surface, bulk, and buried interfacial structures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 32 (2016): 22089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04155h.

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We elucidated the effects of the polythiophene side chain and the substrate surface hydrophobicity on polythiophene thin film–substrate interfacial interactions; such interactions influence the interfacial structure, bulk film structure, and the surface structure.

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28

Yi, Kongyang, Xiaosong Chen, Zhepeng Jin, Cong Zhang, Dacheng Wei, and Yunqi Liu. "A two-dimensional cross-linked polythiophene network." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 30 (2019): 9362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02461a.

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A 2D cross-linked polythiophene network was prepared via surface-confined chemical vapor deposition. Better in-plane conjugation results in improved carrier transport, making it a new type of polythiophene material for electronic applications.

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29

Li, Hong Yu, and Tian Xiao. "Polythiophene-Coated Polystyrene Core-Shell Nanoparticles with a Rod-Shaped Polythiophene Shell." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.169.

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A core-shell nanocomposite particle with polystyrene sphere core and polythiophene overlayer shell was synthesized through thiophene chemical oxidative polymerization using uniquely structured polystyrene latexes template. The morphology of polythiophene shell, which has nanorods shaped or featureless surface morphology, can be simply controlled through varying the dosage and feeding methods of oxidizers.

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30

Kameta, Naohiro, Mitsutoshi Masuda, and Toshimi Shimizu. "Soft nanotubes acting as confinement effecters and chirality inducers for achiral polythiophenes." Chemical Communications 52, no. 7 (2016): 1346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc08035e.

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Depending on their nanochannel sizes, soft nanotubes were able to not only control the conformation and aggregation state of encapsulated achiral polythiophene boronic acids but also induce chirality in the polythiophene chains that exhibit chiral recognition abilities for d, l-sugars.

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31

Kelkar, Deepali, and Ashish Chourasia. "Structural Properties of Polythiophene Doped with FeCl3." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.03.309.

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32

Poussigue, G., and C. Benoit. "Dynamics of polythiophene." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 1, no. 48 (December 4, 1989): 9547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/1/48/005.

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33

Laforgue, Alexis, Patrice Simon, Christian Sarrazin, and Jean-François Fauvarque. "Polythiophene-based supercapacitors." Journal of Power Sources 80, no. 1-2 (July 1999): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(98)00258-4.

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34

Krische, B., and M. Zagorska. "The polythiophene paradox." Synthetic Metals 28, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90531-6.

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35

Zhang, Xinyu, Sumedh P. Surwade, Vineet Dua, Ryan Bouldin, Neha Manohar, and Sanjeev K. Manohar. "Parent Polythiophene Nanofibers." Chemistry Letters 37, no. 5 (May 5, 2008): 526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2008.526.

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36

Chen, Xiwen, Bobak Gholamkhass, Xu Han, George Vamvounis, and Steven Holdcroft. "Polythiophene-graft-Styrene and Polythiophene-graft-(Styrene-graft-C60) Copolymers." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 28, no. 17 (September 3, 2007): 1792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200700292.

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37

Beelagi, Darshana Upadhye, N. C. Horti, and M. D. Kamatagi. "Photoluminescence Properties of Polythiophene/Tin Oxide (PTh/SnO₂) Polymer Nanocomposites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2603, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2603/1/012001.

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Abstract In the present work, we have synthesized, polythiophene/tin oxide (PTh/SnO2) polymer nanocomposites through an in-situ chemical polymerization of thiophene monomers using anhydrous FeCl3 as an oxidant. The structural, thermal and optical characterization of PTh/SnO2 nanocomposites were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. XRD spectra show the formation of pure polythiophene and incorporation of SnO2 nanofiller into the polythiophene matrix. FESEM images depict the formation of irregular rod and chain like structures with incorporation of SnO2 are noticed. TGA results reveal that the thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites is higher than that of pure polythiophene due to the strong interaction between nanofiller and polymer matrix. Fluorescence emission spectra show the emission intensity of polymer nanocomposites decreases as the concentration of SnO2 nanofiller increases due to the variation of rate of electron-hole recombination and conjugation length of polymer chain. Our results of fluorescence emission analyses suggest the PTh/SnO2 polymer nanocomposites could be a potential material for photonic devices.

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Lu, Yu, Wei Jin, and Wen Chen. "The Characterization and Gas Sensing Properties of Polythiophene Coated V₂O₅ Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1154.

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Polythiophene (PTP) coated V2O5 nanotubes were prepared by an in-situ polymerization of thiophene monomers in the presence of prepared V2O5 nanotubes. The nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which proved the polymerization of thiophene monomer and the strong interaction between polythiophene and V2O5 nanotubes (VONTs). The gas sensing properties of PTP coated V2O5 nanotubes were studied at room temperature, which was found that PTP coated V2O5 nanotubes could detect ethanol with much higher sensitivity than pure VONTs. The sensing mechanism of PTP coated V2O5 nanotubes to ethanol is presumed to be the synergetic interaction between polythiophene (PTP) and V2O5 nanotubes.

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39

Gaikwad, Sumedh, Gajanan Bodkhe, Megha Deshmukh, Harshada Patil, Arti Rushi, Mahendra D. Shirsat, Pankaj Koinkar, Yun-Hae Kim, and Ashok Mulchandani. "Chemiresistive sensor based on polythiophene-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes for detection of NO2." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2015): 1540046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400461.

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In the present investigation, a chemiresistive sensor based on conducting polythiophene-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for NO 2 detection has been reported. The SWNTs were aligned across 3 μm gap between two gold microelectrodes on Si / SiO 2 substrate. Alignment of SWNTs was carried out by using AC dielectrophoretic technique and it was confirmed by current–voltage (I–V) measurement. Aligned SWNTs were modified by conducting polythiophene using charge controlled potentiostatic deposition and it was confirmed by field-effect transistor (FET) and electrochemical measurements. Polythiophene-modified SWNT devices were used for the NO 2 detection in chemiresistive modality. This sensor exhibited very good linear response range from 10 ppb to 10 ppm.

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Kodithuwakku, Udari, Chathura De Alwis, M. A. B. Prashantha, and Dilru R. Ratnaweera. "One Step Synthesis of Polythiophenes from the Partially Purified Crude Extract of the Roots of Tagetes Erecta." International Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 4 (August 4, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v8n4p1.

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<p>Polythiophene and its derivatives are valuable conjugated polymers due to their physical properties and applications in various fields. Precursors of polythiophenes were conventionally obtained from petrochemical byproducts, which are non-renewable. Thiophene and its derivatives had been found naturally in <em>Tagetes</em> species such as <em>Tagetes erecta, Tagetes tenuifolia</em>,<em> </em>etc. <em>Tagetes</em> species produce 2, 2’:5’, 2’’-terthienyl (Alpha-T), 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBT), 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBTOH), and 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBTOAc), which are accumulated in different parts, specifically in the roots of the plants. These thiophene derivatives were extracted and identified by GC-MS, Uv-vis, FTIR and TLC analysis. The partially purified plant extract is polymerized through one step oxidative free radical polymerization to obtain polythiophenes. Product characterization has revealed that the selective polymerization of thiophene derivatives results in the phase-separated end product from the rest of the materials in the plant-extract.</p>

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Zhang, H., Kiyonori Suzuki, K. Saito, J. S. Garitaonandia, E. Goikolea, and M. Insausti. "Effect of Organic Capping on the Magnetic Properties of Au Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1174.

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The magnetic and optical properties of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)-capped Au nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated in order to clarify the effectiveness of polythiophene capping on the induction of ferromagnetism in Au. The room-temperature magnetization curve of the polythiophene-capped Au NPs exhibits a clear hysteresis behavior with a spontaneous magnetization of 8.5 x 10-3 emu/g. The average magnetic moment of the surface Au atoms is estimated to be 2.6 x 10-3 B. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum shows a clear sign of the surface plasmon absorbance of metallic Au which reflects the week character of the chemical bond between the Au and S atoms on capping surface. Our results show clearly that Au NPs capped with polythiophene can be ferromagnetic.

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42

Talu, Muzaffer, Melike Kabasakaloḡlu, Fati Yıldırım, and Bekir Sarı. "Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of homopolymers of polyfuran and polythiophene and bipolymer films polyfuran/polythiophene and polythiophene/polyfuran." Applied Surface Science 181, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(01)00355-5.

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Gratzl, Miklos, Duan Fu Hsu, Andrew M. Riley, and Jiri Janata. "Electrochemically deposited polythiophene. 1. Ohmic drop compensation and the polythiophene paradox." Journal of Physical Chemistry 94, no. 15 (July 1990): 5973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100378a066.

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H. Kamel, Ayman, Amr A. Hassan, Abd El-Galil E. Amr, Hadeel H. El-Shalakany, and Mohamed A. Al-Omar. "Synthesis and Characterization of CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles Modified with Polythiophene: Applications to Mercuric Ions Removal." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030586.

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In this research, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation methods and modified by coating with thiophene for removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution. CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, with and without thiophene, were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Contact time, adsorbent dose, solution pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm and recyclability were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity towards Hg2+ ions was 7.53 and 208.77 mg/g for CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4@Polythiophene composite, respectively. Modification of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles with thiophene revealed an enhanced adsorption towards Hg2+ removal more than CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. The promising adsorption performance of Hg2+ ions by CuFe2O4@Polythiophene composite generates from soft acid–soft base strong interaction between sulfur group of thiophene and Hg(II) ions. Furthermore, CuFe2O4@Polythiophene composite has both high stability and reusability due to its removal efficiency, has no significant decrease after five adsorption–desorption cycles and can be easily removed from aqueous solution by external magnetic field after adsorption experiments took place. Therefore, CuFe2O4@Polythiophene composite is applicable for removal Hg(II) ions from aqueous solution and may be suitable for removal other heavy metals.

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45

Zacca, Marie-José, Danielle Laurencin, Sébastien Richeter, Sébastien Clément, and Ahmad Mehdi. "New Layered Polythiophene-Silica Composite Through the Self-Assembly and Polymerization of Thiophene-Based Silylated Molecular Precursors." Molecules 23, no. 10 (September 30, 2018): 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102510.

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A new layered hybrid polythiophene-silica material was obtained directly by hydrolysis and polycondensation (sol-gel) of a silylated-thiophene bifunctional precursor, and its subsequent oxidative polymerization by FeCl3. This precursor was judiciously designed to guarantee its self-assembly and the formation of a lamellar polymer-silica structure, exploiting the cooperative effect between the hydrogen bonding interactions, originating from the ureido groups and the π-stacking interactions between the thiophene units. The lamellar structure of the polythiophene-silica composite was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectra unambiguously indicate the incorporation of polythiophene into the silica matrix. Our work demonstrates that using a polymerizable silylated-thiophene precursor is an efficient approach towards the formation of nanostructured conjugated polymer-based hybrid materials.

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Inamuddin and Khalid A. Alamry. "Application of Electrically Conducting Nanocomposite Material Polythiophene@NiO/Frt/GOx as Anode for Enzymatic Biofuel Cells." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 12, 2020): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081823.

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In this work, nano-inspired nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO) and polythiophene (Pth) modified bioanode was prepared for biofuel cell applications. The chemically prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles and its composite with polythiophene were characterized for elemental composition and microscopic characterization while using scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characterizations of polythiophene@NiO composite, biocompatible mediator ferritin (Frt) and glucose oxidase (GOx) catalyst modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and charge-discharge studies. The current density of Pth@NiO/Frt/GOx bioanode was found to be 5.4 mA/cm2. The bioanode exhibited a good bio-electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of the glucose. The experimental studies of the bioanode are justifying its employment in biofuel cells. This will cater a platform for the generation of sustainable energy for low temperature devices.

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Balakrishnan, K., Manish Kumar, and Subramania Angaiah. "Synthesis of Polythiophene and its Carbonaceous Nanofibers as Electrode Materials for Asymmetric Supercapacitors." Advanced Materials Research 938 (June 2014): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.938.151.

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A highly porous polythiophene (PTh) nanofibers were synthesized by surfactant assisted dilute polymerization method using FeCl3 as oxidant. They were confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis. The surface morphology of PTh was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared polythiophene nanofibers were subjected to calcination under inert gas atmosphere at 1400oC for 2 hrs to get carbonaceous PTh nanofibers. The asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using PTh nanofibers as the cathode and carbonaceous PTh nanofibers as the anode in 6M KOH electrolyte. The electrochemical supercapacitor performances were carried out to find out the specific capacitance, energy density and power density of the cell. The above results confirmed that the prepared PTh nanofibers and carbonaceous PTh nanofibers could be used as electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitor applications. Keywords: Polythiophene, Dilute polymerization method, Carbonaceous material, Asymmetric supercapacitor, Specific capacitances

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48

Jiao, Ti Feng, and Jing Xin Zhou. "Interfacial Assembly and Morphological Investigation of Polythiophene Derivative with Conjugated Side Chain at Air/Water Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 918–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.918.

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A polythiophene derivative with conjugated side chain were synthesized and characterized by LB method. It was found that this polymer can form stable monolayer at the air/water interface. It is important that the interaction between the polymer chains showed important role in regulating the spectra and interfacial morphology of polythiophene polymer, which have been characterized by spectral and morphological investigation. The absorption spectra of the polymer show two absorption peaks located in UV and visible region, where the visible absorption peak is attributed to the -* transition of the conjugated main chains while the UV absorption peak comes from the conjugated side chains. The necklace-like domains could be found and altered with change of surface pressure. The present work provided new insight into the design and interfacial assembly of polythiophene derivative with special molecular structures and substituted groups.

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Huang, Xiao, Li Yang, Rikard Emanuelsson, Jonas Bergquist, Maria Strømme, Martin Sjödin, and Adolf Gogoll. "A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (December 9, 2016): 2682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.265.

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A new versatile polythiophene building block, 3-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)prop-1-yne (pyEDOT) (3), is prepared from glycidol in four steps in 28% overall yield. pyEDOT features an ethynyl group on its ethylenedioxy bridge, allowing further functionalization by alkyne chemistry. Its usefulness is demonstrated by a series of functionalized polythiophene derivatives that were obtained by pre- and post-electropolymerization transformations, provided by the synthetic ease of the Sonogashira coupling and click chemistry.

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Valderrama-García, Bianca X., Israel González-Méndez, Alix Sournia-Saquet, Marine Tasse, Kathleen I. Moineau-Chane Ching, and Ernesto Rivera. "Electrosynthesis of thin films of polythiophenes containing pyrene groups and flexible spacers, useful in the preparation of graphene polymer composites." MRS Advances 4, no. 59-60 (2019): 3233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.410.

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ABSTRACTThin polythiophene films were prepared by electrodeposition, using two novel thiophene monomers containing a pyrene unit linked via a flexible spacer. The obtained polymers have a suitable architecture for the further preparation of polymer composites with graphene via π-π interactions. Physicochemical characterization of the precursor polymers demonstrated that the resulting films are made of homogeneous electroactive polythiophene with pendant pyrene units regularly located on the polymer surface. These compounds are highly emissive and easily form excimers as other high pyrene content polymers. The polymer emission can be drastically quenched by the interaction with graphene after dipping the film into an aqueous suspension of reduced graphite oxide. The presence of aggregated graphene onto pyrene rich content areas by non-covalent interactions has been confirmed by AFM analysis. This kind of polythiophene/pyrene thin films showed to be a good matrix for the elaboration of fluorescent polymer composites.

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