Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polystyrene nanoparticle

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polystyrene nanoparticle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polystyrene nanoparticle"

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Fang, Jingyue, Xinxing Li, Wenke Xie, and Kehui Sun. "A Novel Fabrication of Single Electron Transistor from Patterned Gold Nanoparticle Array Template-Prepared by Polystyrene Nanospheres." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183102.

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In this paper, polystyrene microspheres were firstly prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization, and the uniform monolayer of polystyrene microspheres was prepared on the substrate by the dipping method. Then, polystyrene monolayer film was used as a mask and a low dimensional array structure of gold was prepared by bottom-up self-assembly process. After that, the method of solution etching and annealing was used, and the gold nanoparticle array was post-processed. As a result, gold nanoparticles were recrystallized, with an average diameter of about 50 nm. Subsequently, the semiconductor process was adopted, with focused ion beams induced deposition and electron beam evaporation, and single electron transistors were fabricated, based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles. Finally, the devices were fixed in a liquid helium cryostat and Coulomb blockade was observed at 320 mK. It is a novel fabrication of a single electron transistor based on gold nanoparticle array template and prepared with polystyrene nanospheres.
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Khan, Madihah, Alyxandra Thiessen, I. Teng Cheong, Sarah Milliken, and Jonathan G. C. Veinot. "Investigation of Silicon Nanoparticle-Polystyrene Hybrids." Alberta Academic Review 2, no. 2 (September 15, 2019): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar60.

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Current LED lights are created with quantum dots made of metals like selenium, tellurium, and cadmium which can be toxic. Silicon is used as a non-toxic substance and is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust. When silicon is prepared at a nanometer size, unique luminesce optical properties emerge that can be tuned using sized surface chemistry. Therefore, silicon nanoparticles can be used as an alternative emitter for LED lights. To produce hydride-terminated silicon nanoparticles we must synthesize the particles. Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is processed at 1100 °C for one hour causing Si to cluster and form a SiO2 matrix, also known as the composite. The composite is then manually crushed in ethanol. The solution is further ground using glass beads, then filtered to get the composite powder. The final step is the HF etching. The hydride-terminated particles are then functionalized using three different methods to synthesize silicon nanoparticle-polystyrene hybrids, which determine the magnitude of luminosity and the quality of the hybrids. We spin coat each method and results were analyzed. Method 1 uses heat to functionalize hydride-terminated silicon nanoparticles with styrene. This process also causes styrene to attach to styrene to form a polystyrene chain. Method 1 gave a homogeneous mixture which yielded a consistent, bright and homogenous film. In method 2, dodecyl-terminated silicon nanoparticles are mixed with premade polystyrene. While this method gave better control of the amount of silicon nanoparticles inside the polymer hybrid, a homogeneous mixture was not created due to the different structures of polystyrene and dodecyl chains. Method 3 has dodecyl-terminated silicon with in-situ styrene polymerization. It generated a homogeneous mixture. The in-situ polymerization stabilizes the particles, allowing for brighter luminescence. Because of the stability and lower molecular weight, the mixture was easier to dissolve. We concluded that the different methods resulted in different polymer molecular weights and this created distinct properties between the polymer hybrids when spin-coating.
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Kim, Sanghee, Jaetae Seo, Roopchan Ramdon, Hyeon-Bong Pyo, Kyuho Song, and Byoung Hun Kang. "Solid-Phase Immunoassay of Polystyrene-Encapsulated Semiconductor Coreshells for Cardiac Marker Detection." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/693575.

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A solid-phase immunoassay of polystyrene-encapsulated semiconductor nanoparticles was demonstrated for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection. CdSe/ZnS coreshells were encapsulated with a carboxyl-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticle to capture the target antibody through a covalent bonding and to eliminate the photoblinking and toxicity of semiconductor luminescent immunosensor. The polystyrene-encapsulated CdSe/ZnS fluorophores on surface-modified glass chip identified cTnI antigens at the level of ~ng/mL. It was an initial demonstration of diagnostic chip for monitoring a cardiovascular disease.
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Sabo, Y. T., D. E. Boryo, I. Y. Chindo, and A. I. Habib. "Nanocomposites Transformed from Polystyrene Waste/Antimony, Barium and Nickel Oxides Nanoparticles with Improved Mechanical Properties." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 11 (February 10, 2022): 1921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i11.11.

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In this experiment, the oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation and the nanocomposites were produced using in situ polymerization method with varying nanoparticles contents ranged from 0 to 5 g. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated and compared with the values obtained for untreated polystyrene. It was observed that the mechanical properties were higher for the nanocomposites and increase with increasing nanoparticle concentrations in the samples. It can be observed that the untreated polystyrene gave a tensile strength of 945.25 N/mm2. At high nanoparticle content of 5 g, the nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticles showed a tensile strength of 973.83 N/mm2 while nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles gave a tensile strength of 968.19 N/mm2 and nanocomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticle gave a tensile strength of 955.53 N/mm2. The results indicate that the tensile strength and percentage elongation of all the nanocomposites improved with the addition of metal oxides nanoparticles compared with the untreated polystyrene. Slight decrease in percentage reduction in area of the nanocomposites was recorded. Conclusively, with these results, the PS/NiO nano composite showed a better trend of behaviour due to better interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the polymer matrix followed by PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites. It is recommended that during the production of polymer nanocomposite, PS/NiO, PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites could be used as reinforcements in the construction of buildings to add structural stability to the building.
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XU, HAILONG, QIUYU ZHANG, HEPENG ZHANG, BAOLIANG ZHANG, and CHANGJIE YIN. "THE SIMULATION OF POLYSTYRENE/NANOPARTICLES COMPOSITE MICROSPHERES USING DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 02 (March 2013): 1250111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633612501118.

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Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) was initially used to simulate the polystyrene/nanoparticle composite microspheres (PNCM) in this paper. The coarse graining model of PNCM was established. And the DPD parameterization of the model was represented in detail. The DPD repulsion parameters were calculated from the cohesive energy density which could be calculated by amorphous modules in Materials Studio. The equilibrium configuration of the simulated PNCM shows that the nanoparticles were actually "modified" with oleic acid and the modified nanoparticles were embedded in the bulk of polystyrene. As sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was located in the interface between water and polystyrene, the hydrophilic head of SDS stretched into water while the hydrophobic tailed into polystyrene. All simulated phenomena were consistent with the experimental results in preparation of polystyrene/nanoparticles composite microspheres. The effect of surface modification of nanoparticles on its dispersion in polystyrene matrix was also studied by adjusting the interaction parameters between the OA and NP beads. The final results indicated that the nanoparticles removed from the core of composite microsphere to the surface with increase of a OA-NP . All the simulated results demonstrated that our coarse–grained model was reasonable.
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Kudryashov, Andrey, Svetlana Baryshnikova, Sergey Gusev, Dmitry Tatarskiy, Ivan Lukichev, Nadezhda Agareva, Andrey Poddel’sky, and Nikita Bityurin. "UV-Induced Gold Nanoparticle Growth in Polystyrene Matrix with Soluble Precursor." Photonics 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100776.

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It is demonstrated that UV (LED at 365 nm) irradiation with subsequent heating (90–110 °C) of the polystyrene matrix containing a soluble Au(I) compound ((Ph3P)Au(n-Bu)) results in the growth of gold nanoparticles within the sample bulk, as confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM electron microscopy. Pure heating of the samples without previous UV irradiation does not provide gold nanoparticles, thereby facilitating optical image printing. Comparing the nanoparticles’ growth kinetics in samples with different precursor content suggests the nanoparticle growth mechanism through Au(I) autocatalytic reduction at the surface of a gold nanoparticle. Within the polymer matrix, this mechanism is suggested for the first time.
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Tsirikis, Peter, Kirsty Wilson, Ying Kong, Sue Xiang, Cordelia Selomulya, and Magdalena Plebanski. "Differential antibody induction to surface textured silica nanoparticle adjuvants (VAC3P.1055)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 71.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.71.2.

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Abstract Nanoparticles have been shown to be a potent adjuvant in vaccine design. Previous studies demonstrated that carboxylated 40-50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) with covalently bound antigen offer a new class of vaccine with only two elements (antigen and particle) but with no added inflammatory stimuli. Herein, we report on a deconstructed two-part vaccine whereby the adjuvant and protein carrier are co-administered to elicit potent antibody responses in vivo. Recent works indicate that particle shape can also influence the immune response. As such, we investigate the influence of surface morphology using smooth and rough surfaced silica nanoparticle adjuvants, showing smooth nanoparticles as the more potent antibody inducers. MTT assay confirms that both silica nanoparticle adjuvant and polystyrene protein carrier display excellent biocompatibility with over 95% viability with COS-7 cells. Preliminary in vitro dendritic cell (DC) culture experiments indicate that silica nanoparticle adjuvants, similarly to PSNPs, do not induce the up-regulation of maturation markers, CD80, CD86 and MHC II on CD11c+ gated DCs. This suggests the particle carrier itself is non-inflammatory, a required feature for our vaccine approach. Ongoing studies are focusing on the cytokines induced in vitro and in vivo by these novel constructs. The outcomes from this study provide key design criteria in the development of novel nanoparticle immunotherapeutics for the treatment of disease.
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Bartucci, Roberta, Alex Z. van der Meer, Ykelien L. Boersma, Peter Olinga, and Anna Salvati. "Nanoparticle-induced inflammation and fibrosis in ex vivo murine precision-cut liver slices and effects of nanoparticle exposure conditions." Archives of Toxicology 95, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-021-02992-7.

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AbstractChronic exposure and accumulation of persistent nanomaterials by cells have led to safety concerns on potential long-term effects induced by nanoparticles, including chronic inflammation and fibrosis. With this in mind, we used murine precision-cut liver tissue slices to test potential induction of inflammation and onset of fibrosis upon 72 h exposure to different nanomaterials (0–200 µg/ml). Tissue slices were chosen as an advanced ex vivo 3D model to better resemble the complexity of the in vivo tissue environment, with a focus on the liver where most nanomaterials accumulate. Effects on the onset of fibrosis and inflammation were investigated, with particular care in optimizing nanoparticle exposure conditions to tissue. Thus, we compared the effects induced on slices exposed to nanoparticles in the presence of excess free proteins (in situ), or after corona isolation. Slices exposed to daily-refreshed nanoparticle dispersions were used to test additional effects due to ageing of the dispersions. Exposure to amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles in serum-free conditions led to strong inflammation, with stronger effects with daily-refreshed dispersions. Instead, no inflammation was observed when slices were exposed to the same nanoparticles in medium supplemented with serum to allow corona formation. Similarly, no clear signs of inflammation nor of onset of fibrosis were detected after exposure to silica, titania or carboxylated polystyrene in all conditions tested. Overall, these results show that liver slices can be used to test nanoparticle-induced inflammation in real tissue, and that the exposure conditions and ageing of the dispersions can strongly affect tissue responses to nanoparticles.
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Chu, Liang-Kai, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, Xianghong Qian, and Andrew L. Zydney. "Retention and Fouling during Nanoparticle Filtration: Implications for Membrane Purification of Biotherapeutics." Membranes 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030299.

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One major challenge in the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics, including viral vectors for the delivery of gene therapies, is the development of cost-effective purification technologies. The objective of this study was to examine fouling and retention behaviors during the filtration of model nanoparticles through membranes of different pore sizes and the effect of solution conditions. Data were obtained with 30 nm fluorescently labeled polystyrene latex nanoparticles using both cellulosic and polyethersulfone membranes at a constant filtrate flux, and both pressure and nanoparticle transmission were evaluated as a function of cumulative filtrate volume. The addition of NaCl caused a delay in nanoparticle transmission and an increase in fouling. Nanoparticle transmission was also a function of particle hydrophobicity. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling transmission and fouling during nanoparticle filtration as well as a framework for the development of membrane processes for the purification of nanoparticle-based therapeutics.
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Li, Yunbo, Linlin Song, and Yisha Qiao. "Spontaneous assembly and synchronous scan spectra of gold nanoparticle monolayer Janus film with thiol-terminated polystyrene." RSC Adv. 4, no. 101 (2014): 57611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10811f.

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This communication presents a facile method for preparing ordered hydrophilic metal nanoparticles into gold nanoparticle monolayer Janus film. It also reveals the enhanced light source spectrum properties of the gold nanoparticle film.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polystyrene nanoparticle"

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Bellingeri, Arianna. "Ecotoxicity and sub-lethal effects of accidentally dispersed and purposely produced nanoparticles through a multi-trophic approach." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1201982.

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The use of nanotechnology in everyday life received a boost in the last twenty years thanks to improved performances and adjustable properties of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) compared to traditional materials. ENMs and NPs are purposely produced for a wide variety of applications and, as recently discovered, are also accidentally formed during some industrial processes. Being so extensively employed they end up into the natural environment and their occurrence, especially in the aquatic environment, has been recently confirmed, although only for selected NPs. In fact, due to technical limitations in the detection of NPs in natural matrices, the actual concentrations are mostly established based on predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), in the range of ng-mg L-1. The consequences of environmental exposure for aquatic organisms, especially in the long-term, are not well-understood and, due to the large variety of features contributing to NP diversity, common guidelines for NP risk assessment are in their infancy. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of two different type of NPs, polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) as proxy for nanoplastics and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), toward aquatic microorganisms at different levels of ecological organization. Selected organisms belonging to the bacterial, microalgal, and microcrustacean communities, from the freshwater and the marine environment, have been investigated. Both NPs were thoroughly characterized for their properties and their behaviour in exposure media by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, in the case of AgNP, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the assessment of ion release. When possible, all the elements possibly interfering with the observed effects were determined and reported, in order to help in the correct assessment of NP mode of action in terms of ecotoxicity. AgNP synthesis process was reported in detail, while additives in PS NP suspension were listed and their final concentration in exposure media was calculated. Moreover, for a more correct interpretation of NP behaviour data, the composition of all exposure media and their physico-chemical parameters were reported and considered in data analysis. All biological models were tested for acute toxicity and, when allowed by the organism ecology, chronic toxicity was assessed as well. Particular attention was given to sub-lethal effects occurring upon exposure to NPs and how these could be linked to more detrimental effects in the long-term and furthermore having implications at the ecological level. Results enriched the data pool on NP ecotoxicity at various levels of aquatic food chains, while also highlighting the importance of long-term exposure and sub-lethal effects. Marine diatom exposed to PS NPs showed no effect on growth but resulted in PS NP adhesion to the algal surface and reduced chain length of algal cells, with possible implications for algal buoyancy and bloom formation. The first evaluation of novel AgNPs designed for water remediation successfully resulted in low dissolution and no toxicity for two freshwater and marine microalgae. A more thorough investigation, however, showed effects in the long-term especially for marine microcrustaceans and suggested a toxicity linked to the AgNP nano-size rather than to dissolved Ag values. Effect comparison of two differently coated AgNP to bacteria and microalgae revealed a different mode of action based on coatings: one confirmed to be influenced by the nano-size while for the other a dissolution-based toxicity was observed. Overall results showed that the consequences of NP exposure more likely originate from the physical interaction with the organism membrane/cell wall or body surface in long-term exposure scenarios, and with, often, unexpected outcomes compared to traditional toxicity endpoints (i.e., cell growth and mortality). New ecotoxicological outcomes should be considered in order to provide a more realistic assessment of the risk associated to NP use and discharge in the aquatic environment, while a more ecologically-based design for new generations of ENMs should be promoted.
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Fonner, Adam M. "An Investigation on Syndiotactic Polystyrene Aerogel Coating of Macroporous Fabric via Dip Coating Method." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron15550203400871.

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Zhou, Bo. "The preparation and characterization of thermo-sensitive colored hydrogel film and surfactant-free porous polystyrene three-dimensional network." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3019/.

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Polymer hydrogel films change their properties in response to environmental change. This remarkable phenomenon results in many potential applications of polymer hydrogel films. In this thesis colored thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel film was prepared by firstly synthesizing polymer latex and secondarily crosslinking the nanoparticles and casting the polymers onto glass. The shape-memory effect has been observed when changing the environmental temperature. The temperature-dependent of turbidity of polymer hydrogel film was measured by HP UVVisible spectrophotometer. This intelligent hydrogel might be used in chemomechanical systems and separation devices as well as sensors. Polymer adsorption plays an important role in many products and processes. In this thesis, surfactant-free three-dimensional polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle network has been prepared. The infrared spectroscopy and solubility experiment are performed to prove the crosslinking mechanism, also the BET method was used to measure the adsorption and desorption of polystyrene network. The BET constant (C) is calculated (C=6.32). The chemically bonded polymer nanoparticle network might have potential applications as catalyst or used for chromatographic columns.
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Heed, Elias. "Investigation of the effects of nanoparticle size on blood activation using a human wholeblood model." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265904.

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Nanoparticles are used more and more extensively in today's society, especially in the industry sector. Humans get exposed to nanoparticles daily but the effect is a topic that has not been fully explored yet and its effect on humans is still unknown.The purpose of this project was to investigate whether the size of nanoparticles is a factor that influences their effect on humans, mainly the effect on blood activation. In order to study this, nanopaticles of polystyrene with three different sizes (75, 120 and 260 nm) were selected and incubated in a human whole blood model, the Chandler loop. The samples from the Chandler loop experiments were analysed with three different ELISA's: C3a, terminal complement complex (TCC, sC5b-9) and thrombin-antithrombincomplexes (TAT).The results in this study indicate that the smallest nanoparticle has a higher potential for activating the coagulation system than the larger ones. The complement system did not seem to be significantly activated from the nanoparticles. More experiments needs to be done in order to get a better statistic value but just as it is the results look promising and there is a tendency for a higher activation of the coagulation system with the 75 nm nanoparticles.
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Prime, Dominic Charles. "Switching mechanisms, electrical characterisation and fabrication of nanoparticle based non-volatile polymer memory devices." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3314.

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Polymer and organic electronic memory devices offer the potential for cheap, simple memories that could compete across the whole spectrum of digital memories, from low cost, low performance applications, up to universal memories capable of replacing all current market leading technologies, such as hard disc drives, random access memories and Flash memories. Polymer memory devices (PMDs) are simple, two terminal metal-insulator-metal (MIM) bistable devices that can exist in two distinct conductivity states, with each state being induced by applying different voltages across the device terminals. Currently there are many unknowns and much ambiguity concerning the working mechanisms behind many of these PMDs, which is impeding their development. This research explores some of these many unanswered questions and presents new experimental data concerning their operation. One prevalent theory for the conductivity change is based on charging and charge trapping of nanoparticles and other species contained in the PMD. The work in this research experimentally shows that gold nanoparticle charging is possible in these devices and in certain cases offers an explanation of the working mechanism. However, experimental evidence presented in this research, shows that in many reported devices the switching mechanism is more likely to be related to electrode effects, or a breakdown mechanism in the polymer layer. Gold nanoparticle charging via electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was demonstrated, using a novel device structure involving depositing gold nanoparticles between lateral electrodes. This allowed the gold nanoparticles themselves to be imaged, rather than the nanoparticle loaded insulating films, which have previously been investigated. This method offers the advantages of being able to see the charging effects of nanoparticles without any influence from the insulating matrix and also allows charging voltages to be applied via the electrodes, permitting EFM images to capture the charging information in near real-time. Device characteristics of gold nanoparticle based PMDs are presented, and assessed for use under different scenarios. Configurations of memory devices based on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures have also been demonstrated. Simple interface circuitry is presented which is capable of performing read, write and erase functions to multiple memory cells on a substrate. Electrical properties of polystyrene thin films in the nanometre thickness range are reported for the first time, with insulator trapped charges found to be present in comparable levels to those in silicon dioxide insulating films. The dielectric breakdown strength of the films was found to be significantly higher than bulk material testing would suggest, with a maximum dielectric strength of 4.7 MV•cm-1 found, compared with the manufacturers bulk value of 0.2 – 0.8 MV•cm-1. Conduction mechanisms in polystyrene were investigated with the dominant conduction mechanism found to be Schottky emission.
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Cellier, Julien. "Etude et caractérisations de membranes nanocomposites hybrides pour pile à combustible du type PEMFC." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4001/document.

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La membrane conductrice protonique constitue un rouage essentiel du fonctionnement des piles à combustible PEMFC. Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce document consistent à développer une membrane non perfluorée basée sur une technologie nanocomposite hybride susceptible d’être produite à faible coût. Cette membrane est composée d’une matrice poly(VDF-co-HFP) dans laquelle sont dispersées des nanoparticules de silice fonctionnalisée par de l’acide poly(styrène sulfonique) (PSSA). Ce travail a porté sur l’étude de la mise en oeuvre de la membrane afin d’obtenir une membrane homogène et dense avec des caractéristiques physico-chimiques et électrochimiques intéressantes. Les performances en pile après rodage à 60 °C sont extrêmement satisfaisantes avec un gain en densité de puissance de 40 % à 0,7 V par rapport au Nafion® NRE211. Les études de durabilité de la membrane ont mis en évidence un phénomène d’élution de la silice fonctionnalisée ayant pour conséquence un fort déclin de tension. Différentes stratégies de modification de la membrane ont été proposées pour améliorer la stabilité de la membrane. Les plus intéressantes consistent à modifier la morphologie de la matrice (grades de PVDF plus rigides ou réticulation du poly(VDF-co-HFP) par irradiation) pour mieux confiner les charges ou à greffer la silice fonctionnalisée sur la matrice. Cette dernière stratégie conduit à une diminution par trois du gonflement et par 2,5 de la vitesse de déclin à 80°C
The proton conductive membrane is an essential part of the operation of PEMFC. This document presents the development of a non-perfluorinated membrane based on a hybrid nanocomposite technology likely to be produced at low cost. This membrane is composed of a poly(VDF-co-HFP) matrix in which are dispersed poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSSA) functionalized silica nanoparticles. This work focuses on the study of the implementation of the membrane to obtain a homogeneous and dense membrane with good physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics. Fuel cell performances after running at 60 °C are extremely satisfactory with a gain, compared to Nafion NRE211, of 40% for the power density at 0.7 V. However, the durability studies showed an elution phenomenon of the functionalized silica particles which results in a high voltage decline. Different membrane modification strategies have been proposed to improve the stability of the membrane. The most interesting involve modifying the morphology of the matrix (more rigid grades of PVDF or poly(VDF-co-HFP) crosslinking by radiation) to better confine the particles or grafting functionalized silica to the matrix. This last strategy leads to a threefold decrease of the swelling and 2.5 factor of the decay rate at 80 °C
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Horgan, Adrian. "Polystyrene nanoparticles based on block and graft copolymers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343355.

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Al, Khafaji Ammar Sahib Abdulameer. "Understanding the uptake of polystyrene nanoparticles by the nasal mucosa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2176.

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Nanoparticles have many proposed advantages for use in nasal drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles can improve uptake and efficacy and lower toxicity compared to the drug alone. In order to study the transport behavior of nanoparticles across nasal tissues, the uptake of non-biodegradable, fluorescently-labeled, carboxylate-modified polystyrene nanoparticles was measured. These 40 nm particles are spherical in shape and loaded with fluorescein, a fluorescent dye that can be measured spectrophotometrically, to determine the number of particles that entered the nasal tissues. In order to identify the pathways involved in the uptake of these particles, different pharmacologic inhibitors were also included in the nanoparticle transport studies. The results indicate that the nanoparticles enter the nasal tissues using several endocytosis mechanisms, namely, macropinocytosis, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. These findings suggest that more than one endocytic pathway is involved in the uptake process in the nasal tissues, and these multiple pathways may help to increase the total nanoparticle uptake in the nasal tissues.
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Shen, Jiong. "Application of nanoparticles in polymeric foams." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150139899.

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Li, Weiya. "Assemblage induit en milieu solvant de nanoparticules de silice à patchs : vers de nouvelles molécules colloïdales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0127.

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Cette étude porte sur l’assemblage de particules à patchs pour obtenir de nouveaux matériaux. L’étatde l’art a permis de choisir et de mettre en oeuvre une stratégie originale dont la force motrice est l’assemblageinduit en milieu solvant, c’est-à-dire basé sur le caractère collant des macromolécules de polystyrène (PS)lorsqu’elles sont soumises à un mélange d’un bon et d’un mauvais solvant. Nous avons étudié l’assemblage enclusters, en chaînes ou en monocouches de nanoparticules (NPs) de silice possédant respectivement un, deux outrois patchs, constitués de macromolécules de PS greffées à des endroits spécifiques de leur surface. Les NPs desilice à un patch, présentant un rapport de taille patch/particule contrôlable, ont été synthétisées avec succès parune étape de séparation de phases induit par gonflement suivie d’un dépôt de silice régiosélectif. Leur assemblagea été réalisé dans des mélanges binaires DMF/éthanol. Les effets de la qualité du solvant, de la force decentrifugation, de la concentration en NPs, de la durée d'incubation et du rapport de taille patch/particule ont étéétudiés et discutés. La stratégie a été étendue pour obtenir des clusters à base d’or. Les NPs de silice à deuxpatchs ont été préparées par un procédé de polymérisation en émulsion ensemencée du styrène et le rapport detaille patch/particule a été ajusté via le taux de recroissance du noyau de silice. L’assemblage en chaînes des NPsa été réalisé dans des mélanges THF/solution aqueuse de NaCl en faisant varier la concentration en NaCl, lerapport volumique THF/eau, la durée d’incubation, la concentration en NPs et le rapport de tailles patch/particule.Nous avons montré que la cinétique de croissance des chaînes est typique d’une croissance par étapes. Desstratégies pour imiter des homopolymères, des copolymères statistiques, des copolymères séquencés à blocs etdes polymères ramifiés ont été mises en oeuvre, en utilisant comme briques de base des NPs à un patch, des NPsà deux patchs avec des tailles ou des fonctions de surface différentes et/ou des NPs à trois patchs. Les NPs desilice à trois patchs ont été obtenues par la même voie de synthèse que celles à deux patchs. Pour les assemblerdans des structures 2-D en nid d'abeille, nous avons utilisé la technique de Langmuir et nous avons étudiél'influence de différents paramètres expérimentaux. Une étape de recuit sous vapeur de THF a été mise en oeuvre,ce qui a permis de renforcer mécaniquement l’assemblage, mais sans effet significatif sur la compacité
This study deals with the assembly of patchy particles to get new materials. The state-of-the-art allowedus to select and implement an original strategy whose driving force is the solvent-induced assembly, i.e. based onthe stickiness of polystyrene (PS) macromolecules when they are subjected to a mixture of good and bad solvents.We investigated the assembly into clusters, chains or monolayers of one-patch, two-patch or three-patch silicananoparticles (NPs), respectively, the patches being PS macromolecules grafted at specific positions on theirsurface. One-patch silica NPs with controllable patch-to-particle size ratio were successfully synthesised throughphase separation and site-specific silica coating. Their assembly was performed in DMF/ethanol binary mixtures.The effect of the solvent quality, centrifugation force, particle concentration, incubation time and patch-to-size ratiowas investigated and discussed. The strategy was spread to obtain gold-coated clusters. The two-patch silica NPswere prepared through a seed-growth emulsion polymerisation of styrene and the patch-to-particle size ratio wasadjusted through the extent of the silica core regrowth. The chaining of the NPs was efficiently achieved in theTHF/NaCl aqueous solution mixtures by varying the NaCl concentration, solvent quality, incubation time, NPsconcentration and patch-to-particle size ratio. We showed that the kinetics of the chaining process is characteristicof a reaction-controlled step-growth polymerisation. Strategies to mimic homopolymers, random copolymers, blockcopolymers and branched polymers were implemented by using one-patch NPs, two-patch NPs with different sizes/surface chemical functions and/or three-patch NPs as building units. The three-patch silica NPs were obtainedthrough the same synthetic pathway than two-patch ones. For assembling them in honeycomb-like 2-D structures,we used the Langmuir technique.and we studied the influence of different experimental parameters. THF vapourannealing was implemented to reinforce mechanically the assembly but without significative effect on the packingdensity
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Book chapters on the topic "Polystyrene nanoparticle"

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Kobayashi, Mikihiko, Mitsuru Egashira, and Takeshi Konno. "Fabrication of Polystyrene Fibers Containing Nanoparticles of TiO2 and ZnO by Electrospinning." In Materials Science Forum, 663–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.663.

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Di Palma, Pasquale, Lucia Sansone, Chiara Taddei, Stefania Campopiano, Michele Giordano, and Agostino Iadicicco. "Relative Humidity Sensor Based on Tip of Multimode Optical Fiber Integrated with Photonic Crystal of Hydrogel Coated Polystyrene Nanoparticles." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 403–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37558-4_60.

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Auguste, Manon, Teresa Balbi, Caterina Ciacci, and Laura Canesi. "What Can Model Polystyrene Nanoparticles Can Teach Us on the Impact of Nanoplastics in Bivalves? Studies in Mytilus from the Molecular to the Organism Level." In Springer Water, 20–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45909-3_5.

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T. Varkey, Jaya. "Synthesis and Catalytic Activity Studies of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized in Polymeric Hydro Gel." In Silver Micro-Nanoparticles - Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97824.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. But their stabilization towards agglomeration is a serious concern. Synthesized silver nanoparticles can be dispersed in polymeric hydrogel for stabilization and can be efficiently used in heterogeneous catalysis. Polystyrene crosslinked with 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate can be suitably functionalized for catalytic activities. The nature of the support has a profound influence on the reactivity of the polymeric resin. A flexible support with optimum hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance enhanced the reactivity of the supporting system. Using this supported AgNPs catalytic reduction of Para-nitro phenol can be easily accomplished comparing to conventional method.
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Boonmahitthisud, Anyaporn. "Natural Rubber and Rubber Blend Nanocomposites." In Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability, 77–105. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1971-3.ch004.

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Natural rubber (NR) is representative biomass polymer and the effective uses are strongly contributed to sustainable society. This chapter presents the innovative and advanced rubber nanocomposites with polystyrene-encapsulated silica nanohybrids (PS-nSiO2) subsequently used as a nanofiller for NR and NR/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR). The PS-nSiO2 were prepared via ‘in situ' differential microemulsion polymerization. The core-shell nanohybrids of PS-nSiO2 were achieved with an average diameter of 40 nm using a smaller amount of surfactant, compared to microemulsion polymerization method. Moreover, the effects of the NR and NR/SBR filled with PS-nSiO2 nanohybrids on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, flammability and morphology are also discussed. The results indicated that the encapsulation of nSiO2 with PS can provide not only the well-dispersion of nanoparticles in the rubber matrix but also the synergistic properties of two components from the polymer and the inorganic nanoparticles by improving mechanical properties, thermal stability and flammability of rubber nanocomposites.
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Auclair, Joëlle, Brian Quinn, and François Gagné. "Bioavailability and Effects of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Hydra circumcincta." In Emerging Technologies, Environment and Research for Sustainable Aquaculture. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90177.

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Madhu, B. J., Mohammed Irfan, A. Manjunath, N. P. Divya, S. S. Mahesh, and B. Shruthi. "Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical, Dielectric and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Polystyrene Films." In Research Anthology on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Nanomaterials, 1080–92. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8591-7.ch044.

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In the present work, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are synthesized using solvothermal technique. Polystyrene-ZnO (PS/ZnO) nanocomposite films are synthesized by solution casting procedure. PS/ZnO films are analyzed by XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The addition of ZnO into the PS film is found to decrease the optical band gap (OBG) from 4.07 eV to 1.86 eV. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε′), loss tangent (tanδ), ac conductivity (σac) and electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding effectiveness (SE) studies have been undertaken on the pure PS and PS/ZnO films. Insertion of ZnO into pure PS polymer matrix is found to enhance ε′, tanδ, σac, and SE considerably. The ε′ and tanδ were reduced with an enhancement in the frequency. σac of PS/ZnO nanocomposites was enhanced with rise in frequency and electrical conduction process in PS/ZnO film is in agreement with an electron-hopping model. EM interference SE is reduced with rise in the frequency. PS/ZnO films were proven as a favorable functional substance for the absorbing of EM waves at lower frequencies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Polystyrene nanoparticle"

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Fukushima, A., and K. Fujita. "Organic resistive memories composed of Au nanoparticle/polystyrene with embedded nanoparticle on the electrode." In 2013 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2013.ps-10-7.

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Yacobi, NR, N. Malmstadt, F. Fazlollahi, R. Marchelletta, SF Hamm-Alvarez, Z. Borok, KJ Kim, and ED Crandall. "Mechanisms of Polystyrene Nanoparticle Translocation across Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5037.

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Shalaev, Pavel V., and Polina A. Monakhova. "Experimental Study of Polystyrene and Gold Nanoparticles using Dynamic Light Scattering and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis." In 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus49466.2020.9039346.

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Jurney, Patrick, Rachit Agarwal, Vikramjit Singh, Krishnendu Roy, S. V. Sreenivasan, and Li Shi. "The Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Margination and Adhesion Propensity in Artificial Micro-Capillaries." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75258.

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Intravenous injection of nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles is a common practice used in in-vivo and clinical trials of therapeutic agents to target specific cancerous or pathogenic sites. The vascular flow dynamics of nanocarriers in human capillaries play an important role in the ultimate efficacy of this drug delivery method. This article reports an experimental study of the effect of nanoparticle size on their margination and adhesion propensity in micro fabricated microfluidic channels of a half elliptical cross-section. Spherical polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 60 to 970 nm were flown in the microchannels and individual particles adhered to either the channel’s top or bottom wall were imaged using fluorescence microscopy. The results show a significant increase in adhesion for particles with diameter below 200 nm as well as the emergence of a critical nanoparticle diameter of about 970 nm, where no nanoparticle adherence was observed on the top wall. For the same particle number concentration, the total volume of the nanoparticles adhered to the top and bottom walls was found to increase with decreasing diameter for diameters less than 200 nm. The results are explained by the competition between Brownian motion, gravity and hemodynamic forces on the nanoparticles. These findings on the flow behavior of spherical nanoparticles in artificial micro-capillaries provide further insight for the rational design of nanocarriers for targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Wang, Y., C. Rendón-Barraza, K. F. MacDonald, E. Plum, J. Y. Ou, and N. I. Zheludev. "3D Position Nanometrology of a Coronavirus-like Nanoparticle with Topologically Structured Light." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2022.ss1a.4.

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Scattering of topologically structured light is highly sensitive to the position of a scattering object. We show that the position of a coronavirus-like 100 nm polystyrene sphere can be measured optically with deeply subwavelength accuracy.
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Burkhart, Collin T., Kara L. Maki, and Michael J. Schertzer. "Impact of Particle Selection on Nanoparticle Self-Assembly in Evaporating Colloidal Droplets." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66851.

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Colloidal droplets often leave behind ring-shaped depositions of material after they evaporate called “coffee ring” patterns that are undesirable in many medical diagnostic and printing applications. By applying electric fields to a droplet, additional electrowetting and electrophoretic forces can be applied on the droplet’s contact line and particles, respectively, to suppress this phenomenon. Better understanding of the effects of electrowetting and electrophoresis may lead to novel techniques for nanoparticle self-assembly in evaporating colloidal droplets that are subjected to electric fields. This work experimentally examines the effect of particle selection on nanoparticle deposition in evaporating droplets. Droplets consist of deionized water seeded with polystyrene or titanium oxide nanoparticles on the order of 20 nm. Colloidal droplets are evaporated on substrates coated with an SU-8 photoresist. Before fundamentally understanding the effects of an applied electric field, the evaporative dynamics and resultant colloidal transport in similar unactuated systems must first be understood. Current trials involve studying these unactuated control cases, but future trials will involve droplets actuated on the same material with applied AC or DC electric fields. Droplet interface shapes during evaporation are recorded and compared between trials. Final deposition patterns and their particle distributions are also qualitatively examined. Polystyrene droplets pinned for approximately the first 30% of the total evaporation time and then receded at a constant contact angle and produced ring depositions. Titanium oxide droplets pinned for approximately the first 60% of the total evaporation time and then receded in a slip-stick pattern. These produced more uniform depositions with a less-distinct outer ring, despite pinning for more of the evaporation time. The variations in transient behavior suggest that differences in particle characteristics may be impacting the contact line dynamics and resulting in different final deposition pattern.
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Varghese, Ivin, M. D. Murthy Peri, Dong Zhou, A. T. John Kadaksham, Thomas J. Dunbar, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Nanoparticle Removal Using Laser Induced Plasma Shockwaves." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13941.

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Nano-scale substrate cleanliness is an essential requirement in variety of nanotechnology applications. Currently, the detachment and removal of sub-100nm particles is of a particular interest and challenge in semiconductor manufacture, lithography, and nanotechnology. The proposed particle removal technique based on pressure shock waves generated by a laser induced plasma (LIP) core is of interest in various nano/micro fabrication applications in which the minimum feature size has been reducing rapidly. Any removal technique adopted in a fabrication process must be on the same shrinking feature reduction curve since, for device reliability, the minimum tolerable foreign particle size on a substrate depends on the minimum feature size on a nano/micro-system or device. In recent years, we have demonstrated that nanoparticles can be detached and removed from substrates using LIP shock wavefronts. While we have experimentally established the effectiveness of the LIP technique for removing nanoparticles in the sub-100nm range, the removal mechanisms were not well-understood. In the current work, we introduce a set of novel removal mechanisms based on moment resistance of the particle-substrate bond and discuss their effectiveness and applicability in laser-induced plasma shock nanoparticle removal. To gain better understanding for the detachment mechanisms, the resultant force and rolling moment induced on the nanoparticle by the LIP shockwave front need to be determined. Since, for sub-100nm nanoparticles, the Knudsen number Kn exceeds 0.1, the applicability of the Navier-Stokes equations for the gas motion becomes questionable as the continuum assumption for the medium breaks down due to the invalidity of the transport terms in these equations. Detachment and detachment mechanisms of nanoparticles from flat surfaces subjected to shockwaves are investigated by employing molecular gas dynamic simulations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and experimental transient pressure data. Two new mechanisms for nanoparticle detachment based on rolling moment resistance of the adhesion bond and the elastic restitution effect are introduced. As a result of present simulations, it is computationally demonstrated that the pulsed laser-induced shockwaves can generate sufficient rolling moments to detach sub-100nm particles and initiate removal. The transient moment exerted on a 60nm polystyrene latex (PSL) particle on a silicon substrate are presented and discussed.
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Fazlollahi, Farnoosh, Y. H. Kim, L. DeMaio, S. F. Hamm-Alvarez, Z. Borok, K. J. Kim, and E. D. Crandall. "Polystyrene Nanoparticle (PNP) Trafficking Across Primary Cultured Mouse Alveolar Epithelial Cell Monolayers (MAECM)." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2276.

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Jiang, Liwen, Xuqing Sun, Hongyao Liu, Wei Xiong, Yaqin Chen, and Xinchao Lu. "Label-free imaging to single nanoparticle by using TIR-based Interface Scattering." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.8a_a409_2.

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Total Internal Reflection (TIR) microscopy combining fluorescent probe has been widely used in the bio-imaging. As the bleaching and quenching introduced by the fluorescent probe, people kept on looking for the label-free microscopic method. Studies on label-free imaging has been implemented by collecting the space scattering of evanescent wave excited by total internal reflection, and imaging to ~40 nm single gold nanoparticle and ~ 100 nm single virus has been achieved [1-2]. Here, we introduced a novel label-free TIR-based Interface Scattering approach, which images the single nanoparticle by using the interface scattering of evanescent wave. The evanescent wave excited by TIR-based illumination, then the nanoparticle polarizes and emits the scattering which includes both space and interface scattering (shown in Figure 1). The interface scattering interferes with the incident evanescent wave is collected for imaging. We presented the imaging of single 200nm and 100nm polystyrene nanoparticle (shown in Figure 2). This approach is potential for application in fast, in-situ, label-free nanoscale imaging.
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Abdelrahman, Mustafa, Slade C. Jewell, Abdalla Elbella, and Shannon J. Timpe. "Graphene Oxide / Nanodiamond Nanocomposites Characterized via Particle Dispersion and Micro- and Nanoscale Mechanical Properties." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72137.

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Abstract Polystyrene matrix nanocomposites were formulated using a custom nano particle consisting of nanodiamond covalently bonded to graphene oxide. Dispersion and mechanical property results for the nano composite are compared to those results for the neat polymer as well as for a nanocomposite infused with graphene oxide only. Dynamic light scattering was performed to determine the size of particles and the results showed that the custom nanoparticle reduced agglomeration by about 50% as compared to the graphene oxide alone. Microscale Vickers hardness testing revealed that neat polymer as well as the two nanocomposite samples all have similar hardness while nanoscale atomic force microscopy revealed that the neat polymer samples have the highest stiffness on average and the custom nanoparticle composite samples have the lowest stiffness. This difference in mechanical behavior with scale is attributed to local defects at the particle/matrix interface.
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Reports on the topic "Polystyrene nanoparticle"

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Koprinarova, Miglena, David Garry, Delyan R. Hristov, and Ivanka Dimova. Induction of Epigenetic Response to Aminomodified Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Cells. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.10.07.

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