Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polysaccharide

Academic literature on the topic 'Polysaccharide'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polysaccharide"

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Al-Wraikat, Majida, Yun Liu, Limei Wu, Zeshan Ali, and Jianke Li. "Structural Characterization of Degraded Lycium barbarum L. Leaves’ Polysaccharide Using Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071404.

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Plant-derived polysaccharide’s conformation and chain structure play a key role in their various biological activities. Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide is well renowned for its health functions. However, its functional bioactivities are greatly hindered by its compact globular structure and high molecular weight. To overcome such issue and to improve the functional bioactivities of the polysaccharides, degradation is usually used to modify the polysaccharides conformation. In this study, the ethanol extract containing crude Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide was first extracted, further characterized, and subsequently chemically modified with vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce degraded Lycium barbarum L. leaves’ polysaccharide. To explore the degradation effect, both polysaccharides were further characterized using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results shown that both polysaccharides were rich in sugar and degradation had no significant major functional group transformation effect on the degraded product composition. However, the molecular weight (Mw) had decreased significantly from 223.5 kDa to 64.3 kDa after degradation, indicating significant changes in the polysaccharides molecular structure caused by degradation.
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Khalilova, Gulnoza Abduvahobovna, Abbaskhan Sabirkhanovich Turaev, Bakhtiyor Ikromovich Muhitdinov, Al'bina Vasil'yevna Filatova, Saida Bokizhonovna Haytmetova, and Nodirali Sokhobatalievich Normakhamatov. "ISOLATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM THE FRUIT BODY OF INONOTUS HISPIDUS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021039028.

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The article is devoted to the study of polysaccharides isolated from the basidiomycete raw material I. hispidus and studying their physical and chemical properties. Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from mushroom raw materials by the method of sequential water extraction and the yield was 9.44%. Polysaccharides were separated into neutral fractions by ion exchange chromatography and purified from proteins and peptides. During the separation process, it was determined that the polysaccharide sample consisted of homogeneous polysaccharides, while the carbohydrate content of the purified polysaccharide sample was 99.4%. The carbohydrate composition of polysaccharides was determined, it was found that the polysaccharide consists mainly of glucose residues and contains minor amounts of fructose and rhamnose residues. Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were determined by size exclusion chromatography. The Mw of the polysaccharide sample obtained was 18.7 kDa, the polydispersity index was 1.3. The results of IR-, 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopic studies have shown that the polysaccharide, according to its structural characteristics, belongs to the β-glucan type polysaccharide having β-(1,3) and β-(1,6)-glycosidic bounds.
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Whang, Yoon Hee, Soo Kyung Kim, Hyeseon Yoon, Seuk Keun Choi, Yeong Ok Baik, Chankyu Lee, and Inhwan Lee. "Reduction of free polysaccharide contamination in the production of a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): e0243909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243909.

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Glycoconjugate vaccines are vaccines in which a bacterial polysaccharide antigen is conjugated to a carrier protein to enhance immunogenicity by promoting T cell-dependent immune response. However, the free (unreacted) polysaccharides remaining after the conjugation process can inhibit the immunogenicity of a conjugate vaccine. Thus, we aimed to reduce the unbound free polysaccharides in the polysaccharide-protein conjugation process for the development of a new 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) by varying some factors that may affect the conjugation results such as polysaccharide/protein ratio, polysaccharide size, and concentration of a coupling agent in a conjugation reaction mixture. Concentrations of a coupling agent, carbodiimide (EDAC), and a carrier protein (CRM197) used in PCV15 production, during the conjugation process, had little effect on the content of free polysaccharides. However, the size of the polysaccharide was identified as the critical factor to control the free polysaccharide content, with an inverse relationship observed between the molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the residual free polysaccharide content after conjugation. Based on these results, a new PCV15 with low free polysaccharide contamination was produced and tested for immunogenicity using a rabbit model to show that it induces similar level of immune responses in rabbits compared to a comparator vaccine Prevnar13®.
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Schifferle, R. E., H. J. Jennings, M. R. Wessels, E. Katzenellenbogen, R. Roy, and D. L. Kasper. "Immunochemical analysis of the types Ia and Ib group B streptococcal polysaccharides." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): 4164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.6.4164.

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Abstract The types Ia and Ib group B streptococcal type-specific polysaccharides have remarkable immunologic differences despite a great deal of structural similarity. Although these two complex polysaccharides differ only by a single glycosidic linkage, they are antigenically distinct. Furthermore, terminal sialic acid residues appear to be critical to the immunodeterminant on the type Ia polysaccharide, whereas the antigenicity of the type Ib polysaccharide does not show this dependence on sialic acid. In the current investigation we defined better the immunodeterminant of these polysaccharides. With homologous rabbit antiserum, the type Ia native and core polysaccharides demonstrated partial serologic identity, whereas the type Ib native and core polysaccharides demonstrated complete serologic identity. Surprisingly, the type I degalactosylated polysaccharide, degraded structure, was capable of reacting with a population of antibodies present in type Ia antiserum similar to the complete type Ia native polysaccharide, although demonstrating a reduced level of immunodeterminant expression. Unlike the reactions of the type Ia polysaccharides with homologous rabbit antiserum, the Ib native and core polysaccharides were able to react with identical populations of antibodies in type Ib-specific antiserum. A minor population of antibodies was demonstrated in the type Ib antiserum, which was reactive with the degalactosylated polysaccharide. That a population of antibodies reactive toward the degalactosylated polysaccharide is present in both type Ia and type Ib antisera suggests that the Iabc cross-reacting determinant is due to the presence of serum antibodies reactive with this trisaccharide repeating unit, which is shared by both the type Ia and the type Ib native and core polysaccharides.
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Guo, Qingbin, Xingyue Xiao, Laifeng Lu, Lianzhong Ai, Meigui Xu, Yan Liu, and H. Douglas Goff. "Polyphenol–Polysaccharide Complex: Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Utilization in Food and Health." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-052720-010354.

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Polysaccharides and polyphenols coexist in many plant-based food products. Polyphenol–polysaccharide interactions may affect the physicochemical, functional, and physiological properties, such as digestibility, bioavailability, and stability, of plant-based foods. In this review, the interactions (physically or covalently linked) between the selected polysaccharides and polyphenols are summarized. The preparation and structural characterization of the polyphenol–polysaccharide conjugates, their structural–interaction relationships, and the effects of the interactions on functional and physiological properties of the polyphenol and polysaccharide molecules are reviewed. Moreover, potential applications of polyphenol–polysaccharide conjugates are discussed. This review aids in a comprehensive understanding of the synthetic strategy, beneficial bioactivity, and potential application of polyphenol–polysaccharide complexes.
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Yang, Haiyan, Dawei Wang, Jia Deng, Jing Yang, Chun Shi, Fanglang Zhou, and Zhengjun Shi. "Activity and Structural Characteristics of Peach Gum Exudates." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4593735.

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Polysaccharide fractions were prepared from peach gum exudates by treatments with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and liquid hot water (LHW). The structural characteristics and activities of the polysaccharide fractions were comparatively studied. The results suggested that arabinogalactans substituted with xylose and uronic acids were the main structure of all polysaccharide fractions. AHP and LHW treatments introduced the degradation of the polysaccharides, reducing the molecular weight of polysaccharides from 182500 g/mol to 78450 g/mol and 68420 g/mol, respectively. The decreasement of molecular weights responded to the decrease of thermal stability of polysaccharide fractions. However, AHP and LHW treatments removed most of the nonsugar composition, increasing the DPPH•- and ABTS•+-scavenging activity of polysaccharides. Polysaccharide fractions obtained from LHW treatment showed favorable DPPH•- and ABTS•+-scavenging activity at 22.9% and 34.3%, respectively, at concentration of 1000 μg/mL.
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Li, Jingyuan, Hong Xiang, Qian Zhang, and Xiaoqing Miao. "Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050602.

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Materials derived from natural plants and animals have great potential for transdermal drug delivery. Polysaccharides are widely derived from marine, herbal, and microbial sources. Compared with synthetic polymers, polysaccharides have the advantages of non-toxicity and biodegradability, ease of modification, biocompatibility, targeting, and antibacterial properties. Currently, polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery vehicles, such as hydrogel, film, microneedle (MN), and tissue scaffolds are being developed. The addition of polysaccharides allows these vehicles to exhibit better-swelling properties, mechanical strength, tensile strength, etc. Due to the stratum corneum’s resistance, the transdermal drug delivery system cannot deliver drugs as efficiently as desired. The charge and hydration of polysaccharides allow them to react with the skin and promote drug penetration. In addition, polysaccharide-based nanotechnology enhances drug utilization efficiency. Various diseases are currently treated by polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery devices and exhibit promising futures. The most current knowledge on these excellent materials will be thoroughly discussed by reviewing polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery strategies.
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Savidge, Rodney Arthur, and J. Ross Colvin. "Production of cellulose and soluble polysaccharides by Acetobacter xylinum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-192.

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Alkali-insoluble cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharide production by wild-type Acetobacter xylinum colony and liquid cultures was investigated. The mass of cellulose exceeded that of soluble polysaccharides in liquid cultures while the reverse situation occurred in colony cultures. The soluble polysaccharide fraction, 3 × 105 to 5 × 105 in molecular weight, was found by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography to be a complex of several acidic, nitrogenfree polysaccharides. One acidic polysaccharide was predominant in the complex, and gas–liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry showed this to contain glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in molar ratio of 6:1:1:1, respectively. 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are presented for this major polysaccharide component. Several minor, soluble, acidic polysaccharides were related in chemical composition to the major soluble polymer. The relation of these soluble polysaccharides to cellulose biogenesis is discussed.
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Wang, Zi, Ju-Hong Chen, Ling-Shuai Wang, Juan Ding, Ming-Wen Zhao, and Rui Liu. "GlPP2C1 Silencing Increases the Content of Ganodermalingzhi Polysaccharide (GL-PS) and Enhances Slt2 Phosphorylation." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8090949.

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Polysaccharides have attracted much attention in the food industry due to their diverse biological activities. To date, research on the mechanism of polysaccharide synthesis has mainly focused on the role of crucial enzymes in the polysaccharide synthesis pathway, but other genes that regulate polysaccharide synthesis have not been well explored. In this study, the GlPP2C1 gene, encoding a phosphoprotein type 2C phosphatase, was cloned, and PP2C-silenced strains (PP2C1i-1 and PP2C1i-3) were screened. Measurements of the polysaccharide content and cell wall tolerance revealed that GlPP2C1 silencing increased the polysaccharide content and enhanced cell wall resistance in Ganoderma lingzhi. The contents of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS), extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and β-1,3-D-glucan in PP2C-silenced strains were increased by 25%, 33% and 36%, respectively, compared with those in the WT strains and strains transformed with an empty vector. Further mechanistic studies showed that GlPP2C1 silencing increased the content of Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharides (GL-PS) through Slt2. In summary, this study revealed the mechanism through which protein phosphatase regulates GL-PS biosynthesis for the first time.
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Wang, Qiong, Mengmeng Xu, Liting Zhao, Lei Chen, and Zhongyang Ding. "Novel Insights into the Mechanism Underlying High Polysaccharide Yield in Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lucidum Revealed by Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030772.

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Polysaccharides are crucial dietary supplements and traditional pharmacological components of Ganoderma lucidum; however, the mechanisms responsible for high polysaccharide yields in G. lucidum remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the high yield of polysaccharides in submerged cultures of G. lucidum using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Several glycoside hydrolase (GH) genes and proteins, which are associated with the degradation of fungal cell walls, were significantly upregulated under high polysaccharide yield conditions. They mainly belonged to the GH3, GH5, GH16, GH17, GH18, GH55, GH79, GH128, GH152, and GH154 families. Additionally, the results suggested that the cell wall polysaccharide could be degraded by GHs, which is beneficial for extracting more intracellular polysaccharides from cultured mycelia. Furthermore, some of the degraded polysaccharides were released into the culture broth, which is beneficial for obtaining more extracellular polysaccharides. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the roles that GH family genes play to regulate high polysaccharide yields in G. lucidum.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polysaccharide"

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Gillis, Richard Benjamin. "Protein polysaccharide complexes : permanent/nonpermanent interactions between polysaccharides and polypeptides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28240/.

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This investigation looks at the hydrodynamic characterisation of both covalent and non-covalent protein polysaccharide complexes in the context of novel treatments and healthcare. New techniques were employed and evaluated, such as the MUTLTISIG and SEDFIT-MSTAR algorithms for sedimentation equilibrium analysis, as well as the Extended Fujita Approach for sedimentation velocity. Other characterisation techniques were used such as viscometry, density measurement, Dynamic Light Scattering and Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled to Multi Angle Light Scattering. Therapeutics for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Coeliac Disease were considered. There is evidence to suggest that a protein polysaccharide complex extracted from the pulp of pumpkins has a hypoglycaemic effect in human physiology. This extract was assessed in terms of molecular integrity as a precursor to human trial studies. Equally, a novel treatment for Coeliac Disease, gliadin intolerance found in approximately 1% of the population, was assessed in terms of protecting the immune system from gliadin. Well-established methods, along with newly developed methods, were also used to characterise two glycoproteins relevant to the healthcare and food industries: Human gastric mucin, a natural lubricant found in the human stomach, and gum arabic, a plant extract from the Acacia tree. Findings from these investigations were able to add to our current understanding of these two macromolecules.
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Karlsson, Camilla. "Structures of some bacterial polysaccharides with focus on pneumococcal polysaccharides and their associated C-polysaccharide /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980515karl.

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Turquois, Tristan. "Interactions polysaccharide-polysaccharide : la synergie kappa carraghénane-galactomannane." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10172.

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L'établissement de relations structure-propriétés peut conduire à l'amélioration des propriétés des réseaux et des gels et à l'élaboration de systèmes plus performants en vue d'une application définie. Aussi, au cours de ce travail, nous nous somme proposes de mettre en évidence la structure qui intervient pour les mélanges kappa carraghenane-caroube et agarose-caroube. Différentes techniques expérimentales d'étude nous ont permis d'aborder la gélification ainsi que les réseaux et les gels à l'état final : la résonance magnétique nucléaire du carbone 13 (RMN 13C); la diffusion aux petits angles des rayons X (DPAX); la rhéologie; la modélisation moléculaire. Les études par RMN 13C et DPAX. Nous ont permis de couvrir les domaines moléculaire et macromoléculaire. La rhéologie nous a amené à une investigation du domaine supramoléculaire. Enfin, la modélisation moléculaire a constitué une approche théorique du phénomène. Nous avons essaye d'établir des corrélations entre les informations fournies par les différentes méthodes de façon à aboutir à un modèle pour ces gels à deux composants macromoléculaires
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Liu, Shu. "Regioselective Synthesis of Polysaccharide-based Polyelectrolytes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91194.

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Polysaccharides are one of the most abundant and diverse families of natural polymers, and have an incredibly wide range of natural functions including structural reinforcement, energy storage, aqueous rheology modification, and communication and identity. Application of native polysaccharides like cellulose as sustainable materials is limited by some inherent drawbacks such as insolubility in common solvents including water, and poor dimensional stability. To increase their functionality and utility, researchers have sought to tailor the chemical and physical properties of cellulose and other polysaccharides using a variety of chemical modification techniques, resulting in a number of important, useful commercial derivatives. Because of their greater biocompatibility and biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, naturally derived cationic polymers including cationic polysaccharide derivatives are very attractive candidates for biomedical applications, due to the fact that they are capable of binding with anionic biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and certain proteins, via electrostatic interactions. However, there are relatively few practical synthetic methods reported for their preparation. We demonstrated a useful and efficient strategy for cationic polysaccharide salt preparation by reaction of 6-bromo-6-deoxypolysaccharides such as 6-bromo-6-deoxycellulose esters with pyridine or 1-methylimidazole exclusively at the C-6 position, resulting in high degrees of substitution (DSs). These permanently cationic polysaccharide derivatives have been demonstrated to dissolve readily in water, and bind strongly with a hydrophilic and anionic surface. Availability of these cationic polysaccharides will facilitate structure-property relationship studies for biomedical uses including drug delivery and bioelectronics applications. We also extended the chemistry, reacting 6-imidazolo-6-deoxycellulose with propane sultone, leading to a new synthetic pathway to zwitterionic cellulose derivatives. In addition to cationic and zwitterionic derivatives, we found a simple, efficient route to carboxyl-containing polysaccharide derivatives from curdlan esters via regioselective ring-opening reactions catalyzed by triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) under mild conditions. Curdlan, a polysaccharide used by the food industry and in biomedical applications, was employed as starting material for preparing these carboxyl-containing derivatives by a reaction sequence of bromination, azide displacement and ring-opening reaction with cyclic anhydrides, affording high conversions. These modification techniques have been demonstrated to display essentially complete regio- and chemo-selectivity at C-6. These novel polysaccharide-based materials starting from abundant and inexpensive curdlan are promising for some applications such as amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) oral drug delivery.
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Chouana, Toufik. "Caractérisation structurale et activités biologiques des polysaccharides d'Astragalus gombo bunge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC112/document.

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Astragalus gombo Bunge (Fabaceae) est une plante bien représentée dans le Sahara Septentrional Est Algérien (région de Ouargla, Algérie) et couramment utilisée comme fourrage pour les animaux ou en médecine traditionnelle. Malgré de nombreuses publications sur la richesse en polysaccharides d’autres espèces appartenant au genre Astragalus et la description de leurs propriétés biologiques putatives ou avérées, aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à l’espèce gombo. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a donc été de réaliser des investigations sur plusieurs parties de cette plante en vue d’extraire, identifier et caractériser son contenu en polysaccharides. Dans un second temps les propriétés biologiques et rhéologiques de ces polymères ont été étudiées afin d’identifier d’éventuelles voies de valorisation. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de détecter la présence de composés pectiques et hémicellulosiques dans la tige d’Astragalus gombo et celle d’un galactomannane dans les graines. Le galactomannane est de haute masse moléculaire (1,1x106 Da) et est constitué d’une chaine principale de β-(1→4)-D-mannane ramifiée en α-(1→6) par des résidus Dgalactopyranoses avec un rapport M/G de 1,7. La caractérisation de ses propriétés rhéologiques a révélé un comportement typique rhéofluidifiant et des propriétés viscoélastiques. L’étude des activités biologiques associées à ce biopolymère a révélé son potentiel comme prébiotique et antioxydant
Astragalus gombo Bunge (Fabaceae) is a terrestrial plant occuring in the East Septentrional Sahara (Ouargla, Algeria). It is commonly used as fodder or in traditional medicine by local populations. Despite numerous publications focusing on polysaccharidic contents of Astragalus species and the designation of their putative or proved biological activities, no study has examined those of A. gombo. The objective of this thesis was firstly to investigate several organs of this plant for their polysaccharide contents. In a second step, the biological and rheological properties of these biopolymers have been studied to identify ways of adding value. Results led to the identification of pectic compounds and hemicelluloses in the rods of Astragalus gombo whereas a galactomannan was detected in its seeds. This galactomannan was a high molecular weight macromolecule composed of a β-(1→4)-D-mannan skeleton ramified by residues of D-galactopyranoses. The M/G ratio was of 1.7. The characterization of its rheological behavior was typic of that of a rheofluidifiant fluid with viscoelastic properties. The study of its biological properties showed its potential as prebiotic and antioxidant agent
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Diedericks, Claudine Florett. "Functional properties of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) non-starch polysaccharides in model and food systems." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/833.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Food Technology in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
The aim of this study was to evaluate bambara groundnut [BGN] non-starch polysaccharides [NSP] subject to the incorporation into model and food systems with a view to establish their functional and physicochemical properties. BGN insoluble dietary fibre [BGNIF] and soluble dietary fibre [BGNSF] were successfully extracted from four varieties (black-eye: BLE, red: RED, brown: BRN and brown-eye: BRE). Physicochemical properties evaluated revealed the high bulk density of all BGNIF and BGNSF varieties, which could contribute to cost-effective packaging. The microstructures of BGNIFs were irregular in shape with different sizes. The colour parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue angle) differed significantly [p ≤ 0.05] across all BGNIF and BGNSF varieties; and indicated a yellowish-red colour for BGNIFs and a light yellow colour for BGNSFs. Negligible amounts of condensed tannins [CT] were found in BGNIFs (0.014 – 0.160 mg.g-1). Higher amounts polyphenols [PP] were present in BGNSFs (45.42 – 55.90 mg.g-1 gallic acid equivalents [GAE]) compared to the amount PP in BGNIFs (6.14 – 15.56 mg.g-1 GAE). Major sugars identified were arabinose/galactose, xylose and mannose in BGNIFs, and xylose and mannose in BGNSFs. The functional properties evaluated revealed high swelling capacity of BGNIFs (6.37 – 7.72 ml.g-1) and no significant [p > 0.05] difference in water retention capacity. Fat absorption capacity ranged from 1.38 – 1.52 g oil.g-1 dry weight for BGNIFs and 4.04 – 4.55 g oil.g-1 dry weight for BGNSFs. Variability in BGNIF (91.2%) and BGNSF (79.4%) physicochemical and functional properties could both be explained by two principal components (BGNIF component 1: PP, redness, yield; and component 2: xylose, yellowness and chroma; BGNSF component 1: yellowness, chroma, mannose content; and component 2: redness, fat absorption and fructose content). Following an IV optimal mixture design, an optimum white bread formulation was obtained using 59.5% water, 4.3% yeast and 8.5% BGNIF. Bread enriched with the four BGNIF varieties (BLE, RED, BRN and BRE) were tested for several physicochemical properties. Significant [p ≤ 0.05] differences existed between the control and BGNIF enriched loaves for crumb grain characteristics (including pore area distribution, feret angle, circularity, roundness and aspect ratio). Specific loaf volume of BGNIF enriched loaves ranged from 3.33 – 3.85 ml.g-1 and were significantly [p ≤ 0.05] lower compared to the control bread (4.16 ml.g-1). Favourable texture characteristics obtained with the BGNIF enriched breads were lower hardness, chewiness and gumminess compared to the control loaf. Crust and crumb colour parameters (lightness, redness, yellowness, chroma and hue angle) were significantly [p ≤ 0.05] different across all loaves. BRE BGNIF bread (3.43 ± 0.20) had the significantly [p ≤ 0.05] lowest crumb colour difference compared to the control bread; whilst BRN (1.72 ± 0.42) and BRE (2.44 ± 0.78) loaves had the lowest significant [p ≤ 0.05] crust colour difference compared to the control. Favourable chemical properties were the high total dietary fibre [TDF] (7.14 – 8.33%) content of all BGNIF enriched loaves compared to the control loaf (4.96%). Significant [p ≤ 0.05] differences were also observed for some loaves for moisture content, condensed tannins and polyphenol content. Variability in bread physicochemical properties was differentiated by three components (component 1: bread textural properties; component 2: specific loaf volume and bread lightness; component 3: crumb colour parameters) which accounted for a cumulative variation of 92.8%. All bread loaves were also sensorially acceptable as rated moderately like to like very much (>3 rating on a 5-point hedonic scale) by consumers for all parameters (appearance, crust and crumb colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability) evaluated. Furthermore, brown BGNSF was tested for stabilising effects in an orange beverage emulsion. BGNSF and orange oil were varied at two levels each based on a 22 augmented factorial design and the effects determined on the equilibrium backscattering [BS] flux as emulsion stability indicator. The BS profiles which resulted from the Turbiscan stability analysis revealed flocculation at low rates as the major destabilisation mechanism. The optimal formulation producing a stable emulsion was identified as low oil (6%) and high BGNSF (30%) concentrations. The objective of this study was therefore achieved and showed that positive physicochemical and functional properties are associated with BGNIF and BGNSF from black-eye, red, brown and brown-eye varieties. Furthermore, the incorporation of BGN fibres in white bread and a beverage emulsion was shown to contribute positive technological properties in these systems.
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Mazzoccoli, Jason Paul. "ULTRASONICATION OF POLYSACCHARIDE MATERIALS." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1262572128.

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Thesis (Doctor of Philosophy)--Case Western Reserve University, 2010
Department of Chemical Engineering Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-05-25) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Fleet, Reda. "RAFT mediated polysaccharide copolymers." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1025.

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Jones, Amanda Kay. "Hydrophobicity in polysaccharide gelation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4595.

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The role of hydrophobic substituents on the gelation mechanism of highly esterified pectin and the cellulose derivatives methylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) has been explored by monitoring the behaviour of the amphiphilic polysaccharides in varying combinations of an ethylene glycoVwater solvent. The gelling ability (mechanical spectroscopy, visual observation) of very highly esterified (- 100%) pectin in high concentrations of ethylene glycol (>60%) is greatly reduced, however, the polymer still undergoes conformational ordering (CD, OR). A model for gel formation involving a two stage process has been proposed, comprising adoption of the ordered structure stabilised by hydrogen bonding between OH groups of contiguous polysaccharide chains, followed by (or coincident with) aggregation of the ordered sequences by 'hydrophobic' clustering of the fundamental structural subunits to form the three dimensional gel network. It has been found that ethylene glycol promotes the fIrst stage (ordering) but is antagonistic to the second (aggregation). The reversibility (mechanical spectroscopy) of the thermo-gelling cellulose derivatives can be largely abolished in the presence of ethylene glycol (40% for methylcellulose, 10% for HPMC), attributed to solubilisation of the proposed ordered 'bundle' structure at low temperatures removing the enthalpic advantage (DSC) of gel melting. The increased sensitivity of HPMC to modification of the solvent environment is due to the presence of the polar hydroxypropyl substituent causing an inceptive destabilisation of the 'bundle' structure. It is suggested that gelation is driven by the entropic advantage of melting-out 'cages' of structured water surrounding the hydrophobic groups giving rise to intermolecular 'hydrophobic' aggregation.
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Njamela, Njamela. "Lignin polysaccharide networks in biomass and corresponding processed materials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96636.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lignocellulosic material is composed of three major macromolecule components i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. These components are chemically associated and directly linked to each other through covalent bonding which is scientifically denoted as lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and their interaction is fundamentally important as to understand wood formation and reactivity during chemical and biological processing e.g. pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis. The association of lignin with polysaccharides (covalent linkages) has been surrounded by contradictions and controversy in several wood chemistry studies. These linkages exist in lignocellulosic materials from wood to herbaceous plants. In woody plants, they consist of ester and ether linkages through sugar hydroxyl to α-carbonyl of phenyl-propane unit on lignin. However, in herbaceous plants ferulic and p-coumaric acids are esterified to hemicelluloses and lignin respectively. In recent studies, the existence of the bonds has been shown by applying indirect analysis strategies which resulted to low yields and contaminations. The general aim of the current study was to isolate and fractionate LCCs from raw lignocellulosic materials (E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse) and corresponding processed materials (chemical pulps and water-insoluble residues (WIS)) in order to determine the chemical structure of the residual lignin associated with polysaccharides and how they affected industrial processing. The objective of the study is to compile a document that when the development of pulping and bio-ethanol bio-refinery will greatly depends on the detailed wood chemistry on how the components interact with each before and after hemicelluloses pre-extraction prior to pulping and steam explosion pre-treatment prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The current study was focusing on understanding the effect LCCs isolated from two different industrial processing methods, i.e. pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). There were two lignocelluloses feedstocks used for pulping, i.e. Eucalyptus grandis and sugarcane bagasse whereas sugarcane bagasse was the only feedstock used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicelluloses pre-extracted (mild alkali or dilute acid and autohydrolysis for sugarcane bagasse) pulps of Kraft or soda AQ from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse were used to understand the effect of xylan pre-extraction prior to pulping on lignin-carbohydrate complexes has not been reported to the best knowledge of the primary author. Also prior to EH the material was subjected to two different treatment methods, i.e. steam explosion and ionic liquid fractionation in varying conditions. The study illustrated the types of extracted and fractionated LCCs from hemicelluloses pre-extracted pulps and WIS in comparison to the non-extracted pulps and reports from the literature. Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) were isolated and fractionated by an inorganic method which yielded reasonable quantification quantities and no contamination and low yields for the hardwood compared to reports of using an enzymatic method. To the best knowledge of the authors, no work has been done on WIS material. The lignocelluloses were subjected to ball milling which was followed by a sequence of inorganic solvents swelling and dissolution into 2 fractions i.e. glucan-lignin and xylan-lignin-glucan. Characterisation of the isolated LCCs was made using a variety of analytical tools such as FTIR-PCA, HPLC, GPC and GC-MS. LCCs were evident when FTIR and HPLC studies were conducted. Residual lignin isolated from the lignocelluloses was assumed to be chemically bonded to carbohydrates and mostly to xylan. Approximately 60% and 30% of the lignin was linked to xylan while for the second and first fractions respectively. It is reported that lignin associated with xylan is more resistant and reduce the delignification process than when linked to glucan that is easily hydrolysable. With the FTIR and GPC analyses of LCC fractions, it was evident that the ester bonds of LCCs were destroyed through pre-extraction and pre-treatment, where this resulted to more cellulose being more accessible to alkaline pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis respectively. The linkages were either partially broken down or completely destroyed leading to significant changes of chemical structures. The polydispersity of the LCCs assisted in determining the structure of lignin, either existing as monolignols on the surfaces of fibres or a as complex two or three-dimensional structure that is linked to carbohydrates as the Mw increased or decreased. In general, these findings may have an important implication for the overall efficiency on bio-refinery. The molecular weights (Mw) of the extracted LCCs were measured by gel permeation chromatography. From the chromatograms, it was observed that the materials that were subjected to pre-processing prior to further processing, the Mw shifted to lower Mws regions. It was found that LCCs isolated from mild alkali pre-extracted pulps had high lignin syringyl to guaiacyl lignin contents than LCCs isolated from dilute acid pre-extracted pulps. High syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G ratio) was an indication of low lignin content as a result of processing which will result to high product yields after downstream processing. The 5 average S/G ratio for the pulps from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse was ranging between 1.1 to 19.01 and 1.4 to 18.16 respectively, while for the WIS-material generated from ionic liquid fractionated and steam exploded materials ranged from 3.29 to 9.27 and 3.5 to 13.3 respectively. The S/G ratios of the LCCs extracted from E. grandis and sugarcane bagasse pulps ranged from 0.42 to 2.39 and 0.041 to 0.31 was respectively while for the LCCs extracted from water-insoluble-solids (WIS) material generated from steam exploded material was from 4.87 to 10.40. The determination of S/G ratio is recommended for the LCC extraction and characterisation study as an evaluation of residual lignin in processed materials such as pulps and WIS. The obtained saccharifications were low, possibly due to the severity of the steam explosion pre-treatment and ionic liquid fractionation conditions which resulted on high accumulation of acetic acid and increased in cellulose crystallinity respectively. From quantitative analysis of the LCCs perspective it could be concluded that free lignin was present in mild alkali pre-extracted pulps than for the dilute acid pre-extracted pulps.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Cellulose materiaal is saamgestel uit drie groot makromolekule komponente naamlik, sellulose, hemisellulose en lignien. Hierdie komponente is chemies verwante en direk met mekaar verbind deur kovalente binding wat wetenskaplik aangedui as lignien-koolhidraat komplekse (LCCs) en hul interaksie is fundamenteel belangrik as hout vorming en reaktiwiteit tydens chemiese en biologiese verwerking bv om te verstaan verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise. Die vereniging van lignien met polisakkariede (kovalente verbindings) is omring deur teenstrydighede en omstredenheid in verskeie hout chemie studies. Hierdie skakeling bestaan in cellulose materiaal uit hout te kruidagtige plante. In houtagtige plante, hulle bestaan uit ester en eter bindings deur suiker hidroksiel te α-karboniel van feniel-propaan eenheid op lignien. Maar in kruidagtige plante ferulic en p-coumaric sure veresterd te hemisellulose en lignien onderskeidelik. In onlangse studies, het die bestaan van die bande is getoon deur die toepassing van indirekte analise strategieë wat gelei tot lae opbrengste en kontaminasie. Die algemene doel van die huidige studie was om te isoleer en fraksioneer LCCs van rou cellulose materiaal (E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse) en die ooreenstemmende verwerkte materiaal (chemiese pulp en water-oplosbare residue (WIS)) ten einde die chemiese struktuur van die te bepaal oorblywende lignien wat verband hou met polisakkariede en hoe hulle geaffekteerde industriële verwerking. Die doel van die studie is 'n dokument op te stel dat wanneer die ontwikkeling van verpulping en bio-etanol bio-raffinadery sal grootliks afhang van die gedetailleerde hout chemie oor hoe om die komponente met mekaar voor en na hemisellulose pre-onttrekking voor verpulping en stoom ontploffing pre-behandeling voor ensiematiese hidrolise. Die huidige studie was die fokus op die begrip van die effek LCCs geïsoleerd van twee verskillende industriële verwerking, maw verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise (EH). Daar was twee lignocelluloses voerstowwe gebruik vir verpulping, dws Eucalyptus grandis en suikerriet bagasse terwyl suikerriet bagasse was die enigste grondstof gebruik vir ensiematiese hidrolise. Hemisellulose pre-onttrek (ligte alkali of verdunde suur en autohydrolysis vir suikerriet bagasse) pulp van Kraft of soda AQ van E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse is gebruik om die effek van Xylan pre-onttrekking te voor verstaan verpulping op lignien-koolhidraat komplekse het nie aan die berig is beste kennis van die primêre outeur. Ook voor EH die materiaal is onderworpe aan twee verskillende behandeling metodes, naamlik stoom ontploffing en ioniese vloeistof fraksionering in wisselende toestande. Die studie geïllustreer die tipes onttrek en gefractioneerd LCCs van hemisellulose pre-onttrek pulp en WIS in vergelyking met die nie-onttrek pulp en verslae van die literatuur. Lignien-koolhidraat komplekse (LCCs) is geïsoleer en gefraksioneer deur 'n anorganiese metode wat redelike kwantifisering hoeveelhede en geen besoedeling en lae opbrengste opgelewer vir die hardehout vergelyking met verslae van die gebruik van 'n ensiematiese metode. Na die beste kennis van die skrywers, het geen werk op WIS materiaal gedoen. Die lignocelluloses is onderworpe aan die bal maal wat gevolg is deur 'n reeks van anorganiese oplosmiddels swelling en ontbinding in 2 breuke dws glucan-lignien en Xylan-lignien-glucan. Karakterisering van die geïsoleerde LCCs is gemaak met behulp van 'n verskeidenheid van analitiese gereedskap soos FTIR-PCA, HPLC, GPC en GC-MS. LCCs was duidelik wanneer FTIR en HPLC studies is uitgevoer. Residuele lignien geïsoleerd van die lignocelluloses is aanvaar moet word chemies gebind aan koolhidrate en meestal te xylan. Ongeveer 60% en 30% van die lignien is gekoppel aan xylan terwyl dit vir die tweede en eerste breuke onderskeidelik. Dit is gerapporteer dat lignien wat verband hou met Xylan is meer bestand en die delignification proses as wanneer gekoppel aan glucane wat maklik hidroliseerbare verminder. Met die FTIR en GPC ontledings van LCC breuke, was dit duidelik dat die ester bande van LCCs is deur pre-ontginning en pre-behandeling, waar dit gelei tot meer sellulose om meer toeganklik te alkaliese verpulping en ensiematiese hidrolise onderskeidelik vernietig. Die skakeling is óf gedeeltelik afgebreek of heeltemal vernietig lei tot beduidende veranderinge van chemiese strukture. Die polydispersity van die LCCs bygestaan in die bepaling van die struktuur van lignien, hetsy bestaande as monolignols op die oppervlak van die vesel of 'n as komplekse twee of drie-dimensionele struktuur wat gekoppel is aan koolhidrate as die Mw vermeerder of verminder. In die algemeen, kan hierdie bevindinge het 'n belangrike implikasie vir die algehele doeltreffendheid op bio-raffinadery. Die molekulêre gewigte (Mw) die onttrek LCCs gemeet deur gelpermeasie- chromatografie. Van die chromatograms, was dit opgemerk dat die materiaal wat blootgestel is aan die pre-verwerking voor verdere verwerking, die Mw verskuif MWS streke te verlaag. Daar is gevind dat LCCs geïsoleerd van ligte alkali pre-onttrek pulp het hoë lignien syringyl lignien inhoud as LCCs geïsoleerd van verdunde suur vooraf onttrek pulp te guaiacyl. Hoë syringyl / guaiacyl verhouding (S/G-verhouding) was 'n aanduiding van 'n lae lignien inhoud as 'n resultaat van verwerking wat sal lei tot 'n hoë produk opbrengste ná stroomaf verwerking. Die gemiddelde S/G-verhouding vir die pulp van E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse was wat wissel tussen 1,1-19,01 en 1,4-18,16 onderskeidelik, terwyl dit vir die WIS-materiaal gegenereer uit ioniese vloeistof gefraksioneer en stoom ontplof materiaal het gewissel 3,29-9,27 en 3.5 13,3 onderskeidelik. Die S/G verhoudings van die LCCs onttrek uit E. grandis en suikerriet bagasse pulp gewissel 0,42-2,39 en ,041-,31 was onderskeidelik terwyl dit vir die LCCs onttrek uit water-oplosbare-vastestowwe (WIS) materiaal gegenereer uit stoom ontplof materiaal was van 4,87-10,40. Die bepaling van S/G-verhouding word aanbeveel vir die LCC ontginning en karakterisering studie as 'n evaluering van die oorblywende lignien in verwerkte materiaal soos pulp en WIS. Die verkry saccharifications was laag, moontlik as gevolg van die erns van die stoom ontploffing pre-behandeling en ioniese vloeistof fraksionering voorwaardes wat gelei op 'n hoë opeenhoping van asynsuur en vermeerder in sellulose kristalliniteit.
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Books on the topic "Polysaccharide"

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1937-, Franz G., and Blaschek Wolfgang 1949-, eds. Polysaccharide. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Franz, Gerhard, ed. Polysaccharide. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8.

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Burchard, Walther, ed. Polysaccharide. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70099-6.

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El-Nokaly, Magda A., and Helena A. Soini, eds. Polysaccharide Applications. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0737.

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Jana, Sougata, Subrata Jana, and Abraham J. Domb, eds. Polysaccharide-based Biomaterials. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839166235.

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Huang, Jin, Peter R. Chang, Ning Lin, and Alain Dufresne, eds. Polysaccharide-Based Nanocrystals. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527689378.

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Habibi, Youssef, and Lucian A. Lucia, eds. Polysaccharide Building Blocks. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118229484.

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Yee Liew, Soon, Wim Thielemans, Stefan Freunberger, and Stefan Spirk. Polysaccharide Based Supercapacitors. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50754-5.

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1939-, Dumitriu Severian, ed. Polysaccharides: Structural diversity and functional versatility. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005.

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Kalia, Susheel, and M. W. Sabaa, eds. Polysaccharide Based Graft Copolymers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36566-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polysaccharide"

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Franz, G. "Polysaccharide: Eine Einführung." In Polysaccharide, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_1.

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Blaschek, W. "Isolierung und Analytik von Polysacchariden." In Polysaccharide, 17–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_2.

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Burchard, W. "Physikalisch Chemische Eigenschaften von Polysacchariden." In Polysaccharide, 49–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_3.

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Nürnberg, E. "Einsatz von Polysacchariden in der Pharmazeutischen Technologie." In Polysaccharide, 83–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_4.

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Wagner, H. "Polysaccharide mit spezifischem Einfluß auf das Immunsystem." In Polysaccharide, 117–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_5.

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Koehler, H. "Polysaccharide in der Lebensmitteltechnologie." In Polysaccharide, 139–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_6.

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Blaschek, W. "Cellulose." In Polysaccharide, 159–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_7.

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Koch, H., and H. Röper. "Stärke." In Polysaccharide, 177–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76613-8_8.

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Miyakawa, Shin. "Polysaccharide." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1326. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1257.

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Miyakawa, Shin. "Polysaccharide." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1999. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1257.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polysaccharide"

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Ghosh, Supratim, Burcu Guldiken, Maxime Saffon, and Michael Nickeson. "Improved emulsification behaviour of pea protein-polysaccharide complexes for beverage application." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/oniy9265.

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Proteins are widely used as emulsifiers in food formulations. However, emulsifying properties of proteins are weak at pH values close to their isoelectric point resulting in destabilization. Protein-polysaccharide interactions have been proposed to improve the emulsification behaviour of proteins in such conditions. In this work, two different polysaccharides (pectin and gum Arabic) with a range of surface charges were chosen to investigate their interactions with pea proteins. The initial aim was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the complexation of pea protein isolate (PPI) and the polysaccharide with the ultimate purpose of using them as effective emulsifiers at various pH values for beverage application. The emulsions were prepared, and the emulsification ability was determined with the selected protein-polysaccharide complexes at both basic (pH 8.0) and isoelectric pH (pH 4.5) conditions. Turbidity graphs of gum Arabic-PPI and or pectin-PPI complexes at 1:1 mixing ratio revealed an increase in the pH range of the soluble complexes upon heat treatment of the mixture to 75ºC. The soluble complexes of the protein and polysaccharide were able to stabilize oil-in-water beverage emulsions at the isoelectric pH of the protein. The stabilization effect of soluble pectin-PPI complexes was better than gum Arabic-PPI complexes at pH 4.5. At pH 8, although droplet sizes were similar, pectin-PPI complexes caused depletion flocculation leading to a higher accelerated creaming velocity of the emulsion than the gum Arabic-PPI complexes. The emulsions stabilized by pectin-PPI complexes at pH 4.5 had the highest emulsion stability in terms of lower instability index, lower accelerated creaming velocity and the lowest droplet diameter than all other emulsions. The findings of this study will provide beneficial information on the effect of processing conditions on biopolymer interactions and the emulsification ability of protein-polysaccharide complexes for the application in beverage emulsions.
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Tarigan, Juliati Br, Diana A. Barus, and Nico Hot Asi Naibaho. "Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Polysaccharide from Arenga Pinnata Polysaccharide and Monochloroasetic." In International Conference on Chemical Science and Technology Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008854100630068.

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SUNG, J. H., H. J. CHOI, and M. S. JHON. "BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYSACCHARIDE BASED ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702197_0076.

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Liu, Jie, Keyong Tang, Xuejing Zheng, and Yitong Dong. "Heat sealable soluble soybean polysaccharide based composite films containing gelatin and curcumin for oil packaging." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/rsfv1079.

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Polysaccharides have the potential to be used as green packaging materials because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and renewability. In this work, soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) based films containing gelatin and curcumin were fabricated for oil packaging. These composite films were heat seable and can easily be made into pouches. These pouches were used as food packaging material in edible oil packaging. The structure, physical and mechanical properties of the SSPS-based composite films were investigated. When compared to neat SSPS and SSPS/gelatin films, the composite films containing curcumin showed excellent antioxidant activity and certain antibacterial performance. The high oxygen barrier properties of the composite films resulted in reduced oxidative rancidity of soybean oil packaged in the pouches made from the SSPS-based films. Our results indicated that blending of SSPS, gelatin and curcumin effectively improved heat sealability and activity for edible oils.
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Lee, Jae-Won, Hyo-Seok An, and Kuen Yong Lee. "Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering." In The World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology. Avestia Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/nddte16.112.

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Arefeva, Oksana A., Pavel E. Kuznetsov, Sergey A. Tolmachev, Machammad S. Kupadze, Boris N. Khlebtsov, and Svetlana M. Rogacheva. "Computer simulation and experimental study of the polysaccharide-polysaccharide interaction in the bacteria Azospirillum brasilense Sp245." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2002 Laser Physics and Photonics, Spectroscopy, and Molecular Modeling III; Coherent Optics of Ordered and Random Media III, edited by Dmitry A. Zimnyakov, Vladimir L. Derbov, Leonid A. Melnikov, and Lev M. Babkov. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.518617.

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Murungi, Pearl Isabellah, Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon, Oscar Ssembatya, and Princess Nwankwo. "A Review of Natural Polysaccharides as Corrosion Inhibitors: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211964-ms.

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Abstract Preventing and mitigating corrosion problems can be very challenging due to technical considerations and prohibitive economic implications. It is thus imperative to arrest the escalating corrosion rates and impede the deterioration effects of corrosion with versatile remedies. In this review, previous research efforts on the application of plant-derived polysaccharides as potential inhibitors of metal corrosion in various aggressive media are studied. The deployment of corrosion inhibitors has proven to be an outstanding solution to prolonging the lifespan of metals. However, the most applied inhibitors such as the inorganic and some organic compounds are prohibitively expensive, hazardous, and toxic. These limiting factors have stimulated interest in more research into greener and less toxic natural alternatives. Considering the success of synthetic polymers for corrosion inhibition, a wide range of plants with high natural polysaccharide content have been evaluated to determine their effectiveness as biodegradable, renewable, and more economical corrosion inhibitors. Studies generally show that natural polysaccharides exhibit over 90% efficiency for corrosion inhibition with appreciable adsorption on the metal surface. Modification and grafting of the plant polysaccharides to enhance their inhibition efficiencies and to make them more desirable are currently being investigated. Such bio-inspired polymeric molecules thus have invaluable significance as potential alternatives for the problematic corrosion inhibitors.
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Terpstra, J. "Stabilizing self-levelling concrete with polysaccharide additive." In SCC'2005-China - 1st International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143624.021.

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Levy, Ilan, Tzur Paldi, and Oded Shoseyov. "ENGINEERING CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULES FOR POLYSACCHARIDE CROSSLINKING." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.477.

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Almeida, Ekmagage Don N., Leela Rakesh, Stanley Hirschi, and Anja Mueller. "Solution Rheology of Saline and Polysaccharide Systems." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15906.

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The problem of the characterization of the solution properties of water soluble polymers is long-standing. These polymers tend to form aggregated supramolecular gels that are resistant to molecular dispersion. These materials are being widely used in a variety of industrial applications. Their principle functions are as rheological modifiers, where they thicken or gel solutions in products such as hair-care, detergents, air fresheners and foods; as flocculants for particle separation as applied to water clarification, sewage, and effluent treatment, and as stabilizers to control the properties of concentrated suspension and emulsions, for example in paints, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore it is important to understand their rheological properties under various operating conditions such as stress, strain, temperature etc, which will induce gelation. The rheological properties of starch gels of high concentration (up to 86% starch) have been investigated before [1]. In this paper we have investigated experimentally the shear viscosity and viscoelasticity properties of saline and polysaccharide suspensions at various low concentrations and pH at different temperatures using controlled stress and strain rheometers (Vilastic-3 and AR 2000). The data were then fitted with the power law and Cross model for low and higher concentrations respectively. The present results show that the viscosity/elasticity does not significantly change for low concentrations at different pH values. The maximum viscosity/elasticity was obtained around pH 5-7.4 at higher concentrations.
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Reports on the topic "Polysaccharide"

1

Gutnick, David, and David L. Coplin. Role of Exopolysaccharides in the Survival and Pathogenesis of the Fire Blight Bacterium, Erwinia amylovora. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568788.bard.

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Fireblight, a disease of apples and pears, is caused by Erwinia amylovora. Mutants of E. amylovora that do not produce the extreacellular polysaccharide (EPS), amylovoran, are avirulent. A similar EPS, stewartan, is produced by E. stewartii, which caused Stewart's wilt of corn, and which has also been implicated in the virulence of this strain. Both stewartan and amylovoran are type 1 capsular polysaccharides, typified by the colanic acid slime produced by Escherichia coli. Extracellular polysaccharide slime and capsules are important for the virulence of bacterial pathogens of plants and animals and to enhance their survival and dissemination outside of the host. The goals of this project were to examine the importance of polysaccharide structure on the pathogenicity and survival properties of three pathogenic bacteria: Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia stewartii and Escherichia coli. The project was a collaboration between the laboratories of Dr. Gutnick (PI, E. coli genetics and biochemistry), Dr. Coplin (co-PI, E. stewartii genetics) and Dr. Geider (unfunded collaborator, E. amylovora genetics and EPS analysis). Structural analysis of the EPSs, sequence analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters and site-directed mutagenesis of individual cps and ams genes revealed that the three gene clusters shared common features for polysaccharide polymerization, translocation, and precursor synthesis as well as in the modes of transcriptional regulation. Early EPS production resulted in decreased virulence, indicating that EPS, although required for pathogenicity, is anot always advantageous and pathogens must regulate its production carefully.
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2

KELLY, ROBERT M. POLYPEPTIDE AND POLYSACCHARIDE PROCESSING IN HYPERTHERMOPHILIC MICROORGANISMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/944546.

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3

Duval, Paul, and Christopher Chancellor. Safety Evaluation of Nitric Acid Reactions with Non-Polysaccharide Organic Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1648067.

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4

Thorbecke, G. J., and Zoltan Ovary. Effect of Adjuvants on Response to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Injected Intraperitoneally. Platelet-Derived Immunoregulatory Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada162996.

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5

Buller, C. S. Optimization and scale-up of fermentation process for production of microbial polysaccharide. Final technical progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/188561.

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6

Evans, Donald L., Avigdor Eldar, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, and Herve Bercovier. Streptococcus Iniae Infection in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Towards the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586538.bard.

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The objectives of the BARD proposal were to determine the mechanisms of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) that are necessary to provide heightened innate resistance to infection and to identify the antigenic determinants in Streptococcus iniae that are best suited for vaccine development. Our central hypothesis was that anti-bacterial immunity in trout and tilapia can only be acquired by combining "innate" NCC responses with antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens. These Objectives were accomplished by experiments delineated by the following Specific Aims: Specific aim (SA) #1 (USA) "Clone and Identify the Apoptosis Regulatory Genes in NCC"; Specific aim #2 (USA)"Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae"; Specific aim #3 (Israel) "Characterize the Biological Properties of the S. iniae Capsular Polysaccharide"; and Specific aim #4 (Israel) "Development of an Acellular Vaccine". Our model of S. iniae pathogenesis encompassed two approaches, identify apoptosis regulatory genes and proteins in tilapia that affected NCC activities (USA group) and determine the participation of S.iniae capsular polysaccharides as potential immunogens for the development of an acellular vaccine (Israel group). We previously established that it was possible to immunize tilapia and trout against experimental S. difficile/iniaeinfections. However these studies indicated that antibody responses in protected fish were short lived (3-4 months). Thus available vaccines were useful for short-term protection only. To address the issues of regulation of pathogenesis and immunogens of S. iniae, we have emphasized the role of the innate immune response regarding activation of NCC and mechanisms of invasiveness. Considerable progress was made toward accomplishing SA #1. We have cloned the cDNA of the following tilapia genes: cellular apoptosis susceptibility (CAS/AF547173»; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF / A Y 428948); and nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide (NACA/ A Y168640). Similar attempts were made to sequence the tilapia FasLgene/cDNA, however these experiments were not successful. Aim #2 was to "Identify Regulatory Factors that Control NCC Responses to S. iniae." To accomplish this, a new membrane receptor has been identified that may control innate responses (including apoptosis) of NCC to S. iniae. The receptor is a membrane protein on teleost NCC. This protein (NCC cationic antimicrobial protein-1/ncamp-1/AAQ99138) has been sequenced and the cDNA cloned (A Y324398). In recombinant form, ncamp-l kills S. iniae in vitro. Specific aim 3 ("Characterize the Biological Properties of the S.iniae Capsular Polysaccharide") utilized an in- vitro model using rainbow trout primary skin epithelial cell mono layers. These experiments demonstrated colonization into epithelial cells followed by a rapid decline of viable intracellular bacteria and translocation out of the cell. This pathogenesis model suggested that the bacterium escapes the endosome and translocates through the rainbow trout skin barrier to further invade and infect the host. Specific aim #4 ("Development of an Acellular Vaccine") was not specifically addressed. These studies demonstrated that several different apoptotic regulatory genes/proteins are expressed by tilapia NCC. These are the first studies demonstrating that such factors exist in tilapia. Because tilapia NCC bind to and are activated by S. iniae bacterial DNA, we predict that the apoptotic regulatory activity of S. iniae previously demonstrated by our group may be associated with innate antibacterial responses in tilapia.
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7

Tantsyrev, Anatoliy, Yuliya Titova, and Andrey Ivanov. Polysaccharide macromolecules as transport matrices of nano-size compositions, candidates for diagnostics, therapy and theranostics of cancer diseases. Peeref, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2306p9855801.

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8

O'Neill, Malcolm. Identification and characterization of glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of the side chains of the cell wall pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1298875.

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9

Tanjore, Deepti, Eric Sundstrom, Stephen Hubbard, Mona Mirisiaghi, Todd Pray, Rocco Mancinelli, and David Smernoff. Analysis and fermentation base-lining to validate cyanobacterial-based polysaccharide production as a viable feedstock for bio-product development (CRADA Final Report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1888252.

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10

Delmer, Deborah, Nicholas Carpita, and Abraham Marcus. Induced Plant Cell Wall Modifications: Use of Plant Cells with Altered Walls to Study Wall Structure, Growth and Potential for Genetic Modification. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613021.bard.

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Our previous work indicated that suspension-cultured plant cells show remarkable flexibility in altering cell wall structure in response either to growth on saline medium or in the presence of the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,-6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB). We have continued to analyze the structure of these modified cell walls to understand how the changes modify wall strength, porosity, and ability to expand. The major load-bearing network in the walls of DCB-adapted dicot cells that lack a substantial cellulose-xyloglucan network is comprised of Ca2+-bridged pectates; these cells also have an unusual and abundant soluble pectic fraction. By contrast, DCB-adapted barley, a graminaceous monocot achieves extra wall strength by enhanced cross-linking of its non-cellulosic polysaccharide network via phenolic residues. Our results have also shed new light on normal wall stucture: 1) the cellulose-xyloglucan network may be independent of other wall networks in dicot primary walls and accounts for about 70% of the total wall strength; 2) the pectic network in dicot walls is the primary determinant of wall porosity; 3) both wall strength and porosity in graminaceous monocot primary walls is greatly influenced by the degree of phenolic cross-linking between non-cellulosic polysaccharides; and 4) the fact that the monocot cells do not secrete excess glucuronoarabinoxylan and mixed-linked glucan in response to growth on DCB, suggests that these two non-cellulosic polymers do not normally interact with cellulose in a manner similar to xyloglucan. We also attempted to understand the factors which limit cell expansion during growth of cells in saline medium. Analyses of hydrolytic enzyme activities suggest that xyloglucan metabolism is not repressed during growth on NaCl. Unlike non-adapted cells, salt-adapted cells were found to lack pectin methyl esterase, but it is not clear how this difference could relate to alterations in wall expansibility. Salt-adaped cell walls contain reduced hyp and secrete two unique PRPP-related proteins suggesting that high NaCl inhibits the cross-linking of these proteins into the walls, a finding that might relate to their altered expansibility.
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