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Journal articles on the topic 'Polysaccaride'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Tavares Costa-Carvalho, Beatriz. "Polysaccaride Pneumococcal Antibodies." Allergy & Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization 19, no. 5 (2007): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0838-1925.19.5.201.

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2

Hariyanti, Herviyanti, and Asmar Asmar. "POTENSI SENYAWA ORGANIK TIDAK TER-ION DALAM MENGURANGI KELARUTAN BESI (FE) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIFITAS TANAH SAWAH BUKAAN BARU." Jurnal Solum 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2007): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.2.1.40-49.2005.

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The research about potency of non-ionic organic compounds to decrease the dissolved iron (Fe) and to increase productivity of recently used ricefield had been conducted from August 2004 till January 2005. The objective was to study the effect of non-ionic organic compounds applied to control Fe and to increase rice production on recently used ricefield. The experiment used completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were consisted of four levels of non-ionic organic compounds (polysaccaride), those were 0, 75, 150, and 225 ppm. The result of this study showed that the effect of non ionic-organic compounds (polysacaride) at 225 ppm could reduce solubility of Fe2+ from 302,67 to 126,67 ppm for 30 days flooded. The yield of the rice (dry weight of grain and percentage filled out of grain) increased as much as 2,95 g dan 35 % with effect of polysaccaride at 225 ppm. Key words : non-ionic organic compounds, polysaccaride, recently used ricefield, flooded.

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3

Damaso, Paulinea, Jonasa Igbonekwu-udoji Reagan, Hiền Lê Thị Thu, Thủy Lê Thu, Lê Cao Hồng, Sơn Lưu Hồng, Lâm Vi Đại, Tình Nguyễn Thị, Lượng Tạ Thị, and Hoa Đinh Thị Kim. "NGHIÊN CỨU QUY TRÌNH TÁCH CHIẾT POLYSACCARIDE TỔNG TỪ THÂN CÂY SÂM XUYÊN ĐÁ (MYXOPYRUM SMILACIFOLIUM WALL. BLUME) VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ HOẠT TÍNH CHỐNG OXY HÓA." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY 6, no. 17 (January 10, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51453/2354-1431/2020/385.

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Sâm xuyên đá (Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Blume) là một dược liệu quý. Tuy nhiên quy trình tách chiết chưa được tối ưu hóa. Trong nghiên cứu này sâm xuyên đá được thu mua tại xã La Hiên, huyện Võ Nhai, tỉnh Thái Nguyên. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được điều kiện tách chiết polysaccaride tổng từ thân cây sâm xuyên đá: dung môi ethanol 85%, tỉ lệ nguyên liệu/dung môi là 1/15 (w/v), thời gian tách chiết là 120 phút, nhiệt độ 90oC. Quy trình tách chiết cho hàm lượng polysaccaride tổng số đạt 93,4 (mg/g), dịch chiết cho khả năng chống oxy hóa 109,14 (µg/ml).

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4

Damaso, Paulinea, Jonasa Igbonekwu-udoji Reagan, Hiền Lê Thị Thu, Thủy Lê Thu, Lê Cao Hồng, Sơn Lưu Hồng, Lâm Vi Đại, Tình Nguyễn Thị, Lượng Tạ Thị, and Hoa Đinh Thị Kim. "NGHIÊN CỨU QUY TRÌNH TÁCH CHIẾT POLYSACCARIDE TỔNG TỪ THÂN CÂY SÂM XUYÊN ĐÁ (MYXOPYRUM SMILACIFOLIUM WALL. BLUME) VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ HOẠT TÍNH CHỐNG OXY HÓA." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY 6, no. 17 (January 10, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51453/2354-1431/2020/385.

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Sâm xuyên đá (Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Blume) là một dược liệu quý. Tuy nhiên quy trình tách chiết chưa được tối ưu hóa. Trong nghiên cứu này sâm xuyên đá được thu mua tại xã La Hiên, huyện Võ Nhai, tỉnh Thái Nguyên. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được điều kiện tách chiết polysaccaride tổng từ thân cây sâm xuyên đá: dung môi ethanol 85%, tỉ lệ nguyên liệu/dung môi là 1/15 (w/v), thời gian tách chiết là 120 phút, nhiệt độ 90oC. Quy trình tách chiết cho hàm lượng polysaccaride tổng số đạt 93,4 (mg/g), dịch chiết cho khả năng chống oxy hóa 109,14 (µg/ml).

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5

dos Reis, Arlete Barbosa, Cristiana Maria Pedroso Yoshida, Vera Solange Oliveira Farias, and Wilton Pereira Silva. "Study of Diffusion and Water Vapor Permeability in Chitosan Films and Chitosan Emulsified Films." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.170.

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Chitosan is an abundant, natural polysaccaride obtained from fishing industry waste and films of chitosan also provide an efficient oxygen barrier. However, they are a poor water vapor barrier, which can be improved by incorporation of a hydrophobic compound, forming a emulsified film. Chitosan films were produced with the addition of palmitic acid lipid analysis and then the process in parallel with the diffusive permeability to water vapor. The objective of this work was to characterize the diffusion and water vapor permeability behavior of chitosan films and chitosan emulsified films.

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6

Prasetyo, Himawan, Iriani Setyaningsih, and Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono. "Growth and Extracelluler Polysaccaride Production of Porphyridium cruentum In Various Photoperiod." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 18, no. 2 (August 25, 2015): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.2015.18.2.220.

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7

Prasetyo, Himawan, Iriani Setyaningsih, and Dewi Ratih Agungpriyono. "Growth and Extracelluler Polysaccaride Production of Porphyridium cruentum In Various Photoperiod." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 18, no. 2 (December 19, 2015): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v18i2.12882.

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<p>Porphyridium cruentum is a kind of red microalgae (Rhodophyta) that can grow and produce<br />polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are produced on the cell, then released and accumulated by<br />extracellular into medias. This study aimed to determine the optimum growth and production<br />of extracellular polysaccharides (EPs) from P. cruentum in various photoperiods. The cultivation<br />was done with the photoperiods at 24:0, 18:6, 12:12 and 06:18 h (light:dark) during 40 days using<br />modified medium F/2. The growth is determined by measuring optical density (OD) and dried<br />biomasses, the productions of EPs are determined by dried weight polysaccharides as a result<br />of precipitation. The results showed that OD at photoperiod 24:0 has the highest value 0.876 ±<br />0.0645 unit of absorbance, biomass concentrations are highest in the photoperiod 24:0 and 12:12<br />respectively 716.12 ± 123 mg-l and 696.5 ± 74.5 mg-l, the highest production of EPs on the<br />photoperiod 12:12 is 1.310 ± 130.26 mg-l. 12:12 hours (light: dark) photoperiod is optimally used<br />in P. cruentum cultivations with high biomass and extracellular polysaccharide results.</p>

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8

Kantoğlu, Ömer, Tuncer Çaykara, and Olgun Güven. "Preparation and characterization of polysaccaride interpolymer complexes: I-PVA/ι-carrageenan." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 127, no. 1 (April 27, 2012): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.37817.

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9

Chang, Min-chao, Shun-hsing Chuang, and Hui-ling Lin. "Effects of calcium ion on sludge conditioning." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 8 (April 1, 1997): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0316.

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Investigating the sludge conditioning behavior and improving sludge conditionability were the primary objectives of this study. The effects of calcium ion with and without polyelectrolyte conditioning behavior on two industrially activated sludge systems were studied via Capillary Suction Time (CST) tests. Experimental results indicated that the calcium ion can strongly enhance the conditionability of the industrial biological sludge system. The good conditionability of calcium ion added system could have possibly resulted from the interaction of polysaccaride from activated sludge with calcium ion. Additionally, adding polyelectrolyte solution first would produce more suitable conditioning in a situation in which calcium ion is involved with polyelectrolyte system.

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10

HÅKansson, STELLAN, and STIG Holm. "INFLUENCE OF POLYSACCARIDE CAPSULE AND IONIC STRENGTH ON BUOYANT DENSITY OF GROUP B STREPTOCOCCI." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Series B: Microbiology 94B, no. 1-6 (August 15, 2009): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1986.tb03033.x.

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11

Amina A. Raheem and Ghaidaa J. Mohammed. "Molecular Detection of Some Capsulargenes of Klebsiella pneumoniaeIsolated from Clinical Samples." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 26, no. 4 (July 16, 2021): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.4.1355.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated as one of commonest cause of hospital and community acquired infections.The capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important virulence factor, involved in pathogenic mechanisms.So, this study aimed to isolateKlebsiella pneumoniae from different clinical samples from patients in Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital and determine some virulence factors (capsulegenes)that used for serotyping of isolates. The study extended fromAugust to November 2020.A total of 31 isolates from 80 different clinical samples identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by traditional biochemical tests ,Vitek system and 16SrRNA gene.The existenceof three genes from7tested capsulargenes wasdetectedby Polymerase chain reaction.The commonness serotype were k2,k54,k57 where K2 detected in 4 (12.9 %), K54 in 12 (38.7 %),k57 in 4 (12.9).But, the other capsular polysaccaride genes k1,k3,k5,k20not detectedin all isolates of this study.

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12

Fei-jun, Luo, Zhong Lin, Tan Chen, You Jia-lu, Wang Yan-ru, He Shi-lin, and Luo Zheng-yao. "EFFECT OF SHEN-MAIN AGAINST THE APOPTOSIS OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGE INDUCED BY POLYSACCARIDE IN MICE." Shock 9, Supplement (June 1998): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199806001-00100.

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13

Fassel, Theresa A., James E. Van Over, Christopher C. Hauser, Charles E. Edminston, and James R. Sanger. "SEM and TEM evaluation of bacterial adhesion morphology to breast prosthetic biomaterials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 844–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161783.

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Coagulase-negative Staphylococci have been implicated in late onset infection of breast prosthetic biomaterials used for augmentation and reconstruction. These prosthesis consist of either gel- or saline-filled smooth silicone rubber or textured polyurethane foam. The morphology of adhesion of staphylococci to the prosthesis is important in understanding their potential role in latent infection. Staphylococcus epidermidis rp62, a polysaccaride mucin producing strain, and Staphylococcus aureus strain 25923 are test organisms. A variety of fixative procedures employing en bloc reagents are compared in both SEM and TEM. Ruthenium red and alcian blue , uranyl acetate and ruthenium red with lysine have been used to preserve extracellular capsular/slime material in several bacterial species.Specimens of prosthetic material are incubated with cells for 18 hrs at 35°C in tryptic soy broth. For SEM, specimens are fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA) for 2 hrs and post-fixed in 1% OsO4 for 2.5 hrs. This is followed by a graded ethanol series, critical point drying with CO2 and coating with gold/palladium.

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14

Bac, Vo Hoai, Nguyen Thị Thanh Huong, and Le Van Truong. "OPTIMIZED EXTRACTION OF POLYSACCARIDE FROM Pseuderanthemun caruthersii (Seem.) Guill. . var. atropurpureum (Bull.) Fosb." TAP CHI SINH HOC 40, no. 2 (November 6, 2018): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v40n2.12697.

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Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guill. var. atropurpureum (Bull.) Fosb is a tree native of Vietnam, this medicinal leaf has a high viscosity that has been used to heal wounds, heal the sores, stop bleeding... Polysaccharide has attracted great attentions for its benefits to human health. Polysaccharide from natural sources have diverse anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and wound healing activities. Polysaccharide is not only valuable in medicine, also widely used in foodstuffs such as gel thickening or emulsifying agents, emulsifiers, fillers. The polysaccharide content in P. carruthersii var atropurpureum leaves was (11.63 ± 0.375)% in dry weight. The appropriate polysaccharide extraction conditions were determined: water, material/solvent ratio (1g/25ml), extracted temperature of 60°C, extraction time 15 hours. The polysaccharide composition was purified by TCA 10%, with a purity of (71.47 ± 0.94)%.

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15

Svensson, Magnus, Ulrika Dahlin, and Eva Kimby. "Better response with conjugate vaccine than with polysaccaride vaccine 12 months after rituximab treatment in lymphoma patients." British Journal of Haematology 156, no. 3 (September 19, 2011): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08867.x.

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16

Holanda, Bianca Feitosa, Diego Freitas de Araujo, José Nilo R. da Silva, Maria Gonçalves Pereira, Alana de Freitas Pires, and Ana Maria Assreuy. "Polysaccaride-rich extract of Caesalpina ferrea stem barks attenuates mice acute inflammation induced by zymosan: Oxidative stress modulation." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 267 (March 2021): 113501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113501.

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17

J. Hasegawa, M. Hosokawa, and H. Kobayashi. "Inhibition of mitomycin c-induced sister chromatid exchanges in mice bone marrow cells by a protein-bound polysaccaride, PSK." International Journal of Immunopharmacology 10 (January 1988): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(88)90455-9.

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18

Gurdal, Enise Ece, and Mine Yarim. "Comparison of separation performance of polysaccaride-based chiral stationary phases in enantioseparation of 1-(4-chlorobenzhydryl)piperazine benzamide derivatives by HPLC." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 2 (February 2017): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1061934817020046.

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19

Gromov, N. V., O. P. Taran, K. N. Sorokina, T. I. Mishchenko, Sivakumar Utandi, and V. N. Parmon. "New Methods for One-stage Processing of Polysaccaride Components of Lignocellulose Biomass (Cellulose and Hemicellulose) to Valuable Products. Part 1. Methods for Biomass Activation. Review." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 16, no. 1 (February 2, 2016): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2016-1-74-83.

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20

Citi, Valentina, Fabio Neggiani, Marco Sansò, and Vincenzo Calderone. "Pharmacological evaluation of innovative eye drop formulations containing TS-polysaccaride, hyaluronic acid and glycyrrhizin for irritative ocular diseases using in vitro reconstituted human corneal epithelium model." Toxicology in Vitro 75 (September 2021): 105199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105199.

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21

Schröder, V. "Food Colloids – Proteins, Lipids and Polysaccarides." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 205, Part_1 (January 1998): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1998.205.part_1.129.

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22

Haryono, H., and Tjandra Setiadi. "Pengambilan senyawa polisakarida ekstraseluler dari mikroorganisme dalam lumpur aktif sebagai adsorben logam berat." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.2.7.

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Extracellular polysaccaride extraction from activated sludge microorganism as heavy-metal adsorbent. Microorganisms in the form of bioagregate are the main component of activated sludge. It generally has an ability to produce EPS (extracellular polymeric substances). The important components in EPS are polysaccharides and proteins. EPS recovery from the activated sludge may be done by many extraction methods. Six of the extraction methods to extract EPS from the activated sludge have been studied in this research, such are: Middle Speed Centrifugation, Regular Centrifugation, NaOH Extraction, EDTA Extraction, Steaming Extraction and Sonication. EPS solution in the following step would be tested its performances as adsorbent of copper heavy metal. The research result shows that the best extraction method for EPS extraction was NaOH Extraction method. The amount of the polysaccharides obtained was 18,09 mg EPS/g TSS. On other hand, Steaming Extraction was the most ineffective extraction method. This method gives the polysaccharides result in the least amount, i.e., about 4,96 mg EPS/g TSS. In this research, the protein content was not detected in the all used EPS solution. In the adsorption test, the adsorption phenomena of copper metal with EPS adsorbent fitted to the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation. The values of Freundlich's a constant (k and n) each were 2,282 and 0,963. The average maximum adsmption capaciry of EPS to metal Cu was 88,34 mg Cu/gEPS.Keywords: Adsorption, Heavy Metal, Activated Sludge, Extraction Methods, Polysaccharides Extracellular, Copper.AbstrakMikroorganisme dalam bentuk bioagregat adalah merupakan penyusun utama lumpur aktif, memiliki sifat umum yaitu dalam kemampuannya memproduksi SPE (Senyawa Polimer Ekstraselluler). Komponen utama dari SPE adalah polisakarida dan protein. Pengambilan SPE dari bioagregat dapat dilakukan dengan banyak metode ekstraksi.Pada penelitian ini telah dipelajari karakteristik enam metode ekstraksi, yaitu: Sentrifugasi Kecepatan Sedang, Sentrifugasi Reguler, Ekstraksi dengan NaOH. Ekstraksi dengan EDTA, Ekstraksi dengan Pemanasan dan Sonikasi. Larutan SPE yang diperoleh, kemudian diuji kinerjanya sebagai adsorben logam berat tembaga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode ekstraksi terbaik adalah metode Ekstraksi dengan NaOH, dengan perolehan polisakarida sebesar 18,09 mg/g TSS. Sedangkan Ekstraksi dengan pemanasan merupakan metode ekstraksi yang paling tidak efektif dengan perolehan polisakarida paling sedikit, yaitu sekitar 4,96 mg/g TSS. Pada penelitian ini tidak dijumpai adanya protein di dalam larutan SPE dari semua metode ekstraksi yang diterapkan. Pada uji adsorpsi, peristiwa adsorpsi logam Cu dengan larutan SPE lebih mengikuti persamaan adsorpsi isoterm Freundlich dengan harga konstanta k dan n masing-masing sebesar 2,282 dan 0,963. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum rata-rata SPE terhadap logam Cu adalah sebesar 88,34 mg Cu/g SPE.Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Logam Berat, Lumpur Aktif, Metode Ekstraksi, Polisakarida Ekstraselluler, Tembaga.

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23

Suvorova, A. I., E. A. Smirnova, and I. S. Tyukova. "Melt Rheology of Biodegradable Blends Formed from Copolymers and Polysaccarides." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 77, no. 8 (August 2005): 987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200580028.

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24

Hong, R., and S. Gupta. "Defective Pneumococcal Polysaccarides-induced Cytokine Production in Common Variable Immunodeficiency." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 119, no. 1 (January 2007): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.065.

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Khanchich, O. A., D. V. Loshadkin, and E. G. Rozantsev. "Model Methods of Studying Structural Transitions in Polysaccarhides." International Polymer Science and Technology 28, no. 5 (May 2001): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0102800522.

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Kirichenko, E. E., I. A. Sychev, and G. Y. Chekulaeva. "THE STUDY OF ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCARIDES ISOLATED FROM TANACETUM VULGARE." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj2012353-57.

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27

Morganti, Pierfrancesco. "Research & Innovation for Sustainable Products: Polysaccarides for a smart circular economy at zero waste." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 3, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/037.

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Scientific Research and Innovation (R&I) may be considered respectively "the spoken language and the written language of every culture".The first is necessary to discover new lands,while the second results fundamental to build housed & roads and make food,necessary for an healthy living.At this purpose,the scientific research may be distinguished in 3 different phases: basic and experimental research,applied research and industrial research. Innovation comes from the basic research,while the applied research represents the bridge between the basic research and the industrial ones.

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Ruben, George C., and Gordon H. Bokelman. "Pectin's polygalacturonate single sugar chain helix visualized in Pt/C replicas." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 966–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129115.

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Pectic polysaccarides are 34% by weight of tobacco cell wall materials, more than any other cell wall component (cellulose, 18.7%; hemicellulose, 11.4%; protein, 21.6%; lignin, 4.1%). During cell growth, the cell wall is loosened by acidification which then enables it to elongate by its own turgor pressure. It has been suggested that the primary action of acidification is the loosening of a calcium pectate gel which at 34% by weight must permeate the wall and bind the cell wall together. This same work suggests that minimum Ca2+binding occurs at pH 3 and lower and maximum Ca2+ binding occurs at pH 6 and that Ca2+ binding capacity is lost by treatment with polygalacturonase. If the capacity for acid-induced wall loosening Is switched on, which is dependent on protein not carbohydrate synthesis, then the rate of wall loosening is proportional to the pH between 5.7 and 4.5.

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Subha, V., Preethi Ramadoss, and S. Renganathan. "Incorporation of biotransformed silver nanoparticles in plant polysaccarides resin and their effect on sustained drug release." Polymer Science Series B 58, no. 1 (January 2016): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090416010073.

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Cifarelli, Angelica, Tatiana Berzina, Antonella Parisini, Victor Erokhin, and Salvatore Iannotta. "Polysaccarides-based gels and solid-state electronic devices with memresistive properties: Synergy between polyaniline electrochemistry and biology." AIP Advances 6, no. 11 (November 2016): 111302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966559.

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Nikonenko, Nataliya A., Dmitrii K. Buslov, Nataliya I. Sushko, and Rostislav G. Zhbankov. "Investigation of stretching vibrations of glycosidic linkages in disaccharides and polysaccarides with use of IR spectra deconvolution." Biopolymers 57, no. 4 (2000): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0282(2000)57:4<257::aid-bip7>3.0.co;2-3.

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32

Araújo, Mariana Silva, Marcus Vinícius da Rocha Afonso, Nathalia da Silva Rodrigues Mendes, Adriana Régia Marques de Souza, Miriam Fontes Araújo Silveira, and Deivis de Moraes Carvalho. "Rheological behavior and texture of corn starch gels (Zea mays), arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceaea L.) and cassava (Manihote sculenta Crantz)." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): e16191210868. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10868.

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The main energy reserve in plants is starch. It is unique among polysaccarides for being in the form of granules. Starch granules are heterogeneous mixtures of amylose and amylopectin. Gelatinization and retrogradation of starch depend on the ratio of amylose to amylopectin, type of crystallinity, along with the sizes and structure of starch granules. The present work determined the rheological behavior in a dynamic state, in terms of sweeping frequency, time and temperature, in addition to the extrusion of corn starch gels and arrowroot and cassava starches. The rheological study demonstrated that in all samples analyzed, whether in a non-gelatinized liquid mixture or in the form of gels, behaved as non-Newtonian fluids independent of time. Non-gelatinized mixtures showed properties of dilating non-Newtonian fluids and the gels of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluids. Gels were classified as elastic, as it was found that the storage module is larger than the dissipation module with the storage module decreasing with increasing temperature, and thus temperature dependent. With increased temperature, the gels showed low stability which is characteristic of weak gels. The more elastic the gel, the greater its resistance and the corn starch gel was the most resistant when compared to arrowroot and cassava starch.

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Knuf, Markus, and Alexa Kunze. "Aktuelles zur Meningokokken- und Pneumokokken-Impfung." Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 20, no. 02 (April 2020): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1111-6024.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGInfektionen mit Neisseria meningitidis sind eine der Todesursachen bei Kindern jenseits der Neugeborenenperiode mit der höchsten Inzidenz bei Säuglingen unter 12 Monaten. Die Epidemiologie invasiver Meningokokken-Erkrankungen (IME) variiert regional und temporär sowie die auslösenden Serotypen (A, B, C, W, X und Y) betreffend. IME zeigen einen akuten Verlauf und bedeuten eine hohe Langzeitbelastung für jeden Einzelnen. Bis zu 10 % der Patienten sterben innerhalb der ersten 48 Stunden. Bei 10–20 % der Überlebenden finden sich Folgeschäden. Nach Einführung der Routine-MenC-Impfung bleiben MenB und WY ein ernstzunehmender Grund von IME. In Deutschland ist die Inzidenz von IMD insgesamt niedrig und abnehmend. Es sind zwei verschiedene MenB-Impfstoffe verfügbar. Beide basieren auf einer Multikomponenten-Proteinstruktur. Die MenC-Vakzine ist ein Konjugatimpfstoff.Streptococcus pneumoniae kolonisiert den menschlichen Nasopharynx. Abhängig vom Wirt und weiteren Faktoren können durch Pneumokokken invasive Erkrankungen (IPD), wie Meningitis, Sepsis und bakterielle Pneumonie, ausgelöst werden. Es sind zwei verschiedene Vakzin-Typen verfügbar, zum einen konjugierte und zum anderen ein unkonjugierter Impfstoff (Polysaccharidimpfstoff). Konjugierte Polysaccharid-Impfstoffe (PCV) sind in zwei verschiedenen Formulierungen verfügbar, 10- und 13-valent. Bei Erwachsenen kommt ein 23-valenter unkonjugierter Polysaccarid-Impfstoff zur Anwendung. Mehr als 30 Länder haben weltweit inzwischen im Rahmen nationaler Impfprogramme 7 den, 10- bzw. 13-valenten PCV eingeführt. Es sind eine hohe Wirksamkeit und Effektivität unter den geimpften als auch ungeimpften Kindern und Erwachsenen nachweisbar. Allerdings ist auch ein Anstieg der IPD zu beobachten, welche durch Serotypen verursacht werden, die nicht im Impfstoff enthalten sind. Dieses Phänomen wird „Replacement” genannt.

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Тельцов, L. Teltsov, Добрынина, I. Dobrynina, Музыка, and I. Muzyka. "Polysaccharides of the connective tissue cells of the duodenum wall in human embryo." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7361.

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These studies are conducted on 36 human embroys and foetus. Four stages are marked out in the development of connective tissue of the duodenum: 1) mesenchymal stage (28-35 the day of the embryo); 2) the stage of loose embryonic connective tissue (35 days - 3.5 months of foetus); 3) the stage of formation of the definitive loose connective tissue (3,5-6,5 months of the fetus); 4) the stage of initial definitive development (6,5 months before birth of the fetus). Each stage is characterized by a specific set of cellular differens, chemical composition of polysaccarides of cells of connective tissue and intercellular substance. On mesenchymal stage of development, the cells and intercellular substance CHIC-positive substances – contain glycogen and proteoglycans that give metachromasia, stained with alcian blue on Shubitch, Hale, but CHIC are negative. At the stage of loose connective tissue in mesenchymal cells, the reduction of glycogen and accumulation of glycosaminoglycans are identified. Glycogen, hyaluronic acid and precursors sulfated groups glycosaminogly-cans are detected in fibroblasts, endothelium of capillaries, in primary blood cells, in macrophages. At the stage of formation of loose connective tissue, there is the accumulation of TIME – amelanotic compounds (proteoglycans) in the cells and in the intercellular substance. Identification of them showed that the precursors of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and chondroitin sulfates (HSC) type C are identified. The intensity of the response to glycogen decreases. In the initial definitive development in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts – there is moderate staining on Hale-positive substances, poor color on Shubich and toluidine blue. In plasmablastics and in B-lymphocytes, the glycogen and glycosaminoglycans types of hyaluronic acid are identified. In the cytoplasm of mast cells, the substances such as hyaluronic acid, HSH type and unfinished synthesis heparina are identified.

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Strandbygaard, L., S. Larsen Rasmussen, K. Fuursted, K. Hay Kragholm, P. C. Leutscher, and C. Rasmussen. "SAT0600 PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES, TREATED WITH BIOLOGICAL THERAPY AND WITH A LOW LEVEL OF ANTIBODIES - A COHORT STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH VARYING VACCINATION STATUS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1258.1–1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1215.

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Background:Risk of infection is increased in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD)1. Furthermore, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment contributes to this risk2. To reduce the risk of serious infections, it is recommended that patients are vaccinated againstStreptococcus pneumoniae3. However, some AIRD patients do not develop or maintain an adequate antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination4.Objectives:The aim of the study was to examine the proportion of patients with low antibody levels, who achieved a protective level of pneumococcal antibodies after vaccination.Methods:Pneumococcal antibodies were measured by a serological assay in patients treated with biologics in a rheumatology outpatient clinic. Vaccination with 23-valent-pneumococcal polysaccarid vaccine was then offered to patients with a protective antibody level below the defined threshold and pneumococcal antibody level was measured at follow-up 2-3 months later. The patients continued their DMARD treatment without any changes.Demographic and clinical data were collected, including age, sex, AIRD diagnosis, duration and activity (high/low), in addition to treatment (biologics, prednisolone, methotrexate) and previous vaccination history.Results:A total of 248 patients with inadequate antibody level accepted vaccination and among those, 137 patients (55%) had previously been vaccinated, 98 patients had not previously been vaccinated and for 13 patients data on vaccination status could not be obtained.At follow-up, 84 patients (34%) achieved a protective level of antibodies. Use of methotrexate as part of the DMARD regimen was associated with an unprotected level of pneumococcal antibodies (Figure 1) (p<0,001). There was no similar association with respect to use of biologics.Figure 1In the group of patients who had previously been vaccinated, time between vaccinations spanned from 20 to 111 months, median 49 months.There was an association between previous vaccination, and failure in achieving a protective antibody level (Figure 1) (p=0,02), as well as an association between less than 5 years (60 months) between vaccinations and not achieving a protective level.Conclusion:We found that only one-third of patients achieved a protective pneumococcal antibody level after vaccination. Methotrexate treatment was associated with a decreased antibody response, which was not the case for treatment with biologics or prednisolone.Among patients who had previously been vaccinated, significantly less achieved a protective level of antibodies, compared to patients who had not been vaccinated. All 248 patients had a low antibody level at baseline, despite 137 being previously vaccinated.Further studies are warranted to show whether or not a short discontinuation of methotrexate, will better the response to vaccination.References:[1]Wolfe, F. et al. The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum1994;37(4):481–494.[2]Ramiro, S. et al.). Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis2017;76(6):1101–1136.[3]van Assen S. et al. (). EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Ann Rheum Dis2011;70(3):414–422.[4]Hua, C. et al. Effect of methotrexate, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, and rituximab on the immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis Care Res 2014;66(7):1016–1026.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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