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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

Lukanina, Yulia, Anatoliy Khvatov, Natalya Kolesnikova, and Anatoliy Popov. "The Effect of Cooling Rate during Crystallization on the Melting Behavior of Polypropylenes of Different Chemical Structure." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4 (September 15, 2016): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04.479.

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The melting behavior of polypropylenes of different chemical structure (isotactic homopolypropylene, propylene-based block and random copolymers and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene) was studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and optical microscopy. Melting behavior and the crystal structure of polypropylene and its copolymers were observed depending on the crystallization rate, chemical nature of co-monomer unites and regularity of co-monomer units arrangement in the polypropylene main chain.

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2

Lee, Chao-Yu, and Chia-Wei Chang. "Dielectric Constant Enhancement with Low Dielectric Loss Growth in Graphene Oxide/Mica/Polypropylene Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020052.

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Polypropylene has been widely used as dielectric material in organic thin-film capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss and self-healing capability. However, polypropylene’s energy density is relatively low. Increasing the energy density of polypropylene by adding materials with a high dielectric constant is commonly used. Still, it often leads to an increase in dielectric loss, lower dielectric strength and other shortcomings. In this study, a thin 2D platelet of mica/graphene oxide composite material was made from exfoliated mica as a substrate and attached by graphene oxide. The mica/graphene oxide platelets were added to polypropylene to make a plastic dielectric composite. The non-conductive flat inorganic additive can increase the dielectric constant and dielectric strength of the composite without increasing dielectric loss. The tiny mica/graphene oxide platelets can significantly improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene. The results show that by adding a small amount (less than 1 wt%) mica/graphene oxide, the relative dielectric constant of polypropylene can increase to more than 3.7 without causing an increase in dielectric loss and the dielectric strength of polypropylene can also enhance.

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3

Mezey, Zoltán, and Tibor Czigány. "Mechanical Investigation of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene with Different Types of MAPP Compatibilizer." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.223.

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Mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene were investigated. Hemp fibers were carded together with polypropylene fibers, and needle punched. Composites were prepared by hot pressing of the PP/hemp mats. Hemp content was varied between 0 and 50 % by weight, in 10% steps. A treatment with two different maleic anhydride grafted polypropylenes was applied in order to increase the fiber/matrix surface adhesion. Tensile, three-point bending and Charpy tests were carried out on the treated and untreated composites.

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4

Ristolainen, Noora, Ulla Vainio, Santeri Paavola, Mika Torkkeli, Ritva Serimaa, and Jukka Seppälä. "Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites compatibilized with hydroxyl-functional polypropylenes." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 43, no. 14 (2005): 1892–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20485.

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5

Prvulović, Slavica, Predrag Mošorinski, Ljubiša Josimović, Jasna Tolmač, Luka Djordjević, Mića Djurdjev, Mihalj Bakator, Branislava Radišić, and Dejan Bajić. "Influence of Cutting Regime Parameters on Determining the Main Cutting Resistance during Polypropylene Machining." Polymers 16, no. 11 (May 29, 2024): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16111537.

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This study examines the impact of cutting regimes on determining cutting resistance in the processing of polypropylene (PP) using the CNC lathe EMCO F5. The rationale for this research stems from polypropylene’s rarity among thermoplastics in possessing structural stability, allowing for its comparison to metals and practical application in products replacing metal parts. Leveraging its favorable mechanical properties, polypropylene finds utility in producing parts subject to dynamic loads, boasting high resistance to impact loads—particularly undesirable in machining. An advantageous characteristic of polypropylene is its affordability, rendering it an economical choice across numerous applications. Despite these merits, polypropylene’s exploration in cutting processing remains limited, underscoring the novelty of this research endeavor. The main method for determining cutting resistance involves measuring electric current strength during processing. This direct measurement, facilitated by input cutting regime parameters, is recorded by the PLC controller, with the current value extracted from the machine tool’s ammeter. The experimental approach entails varying cutting regime parameters—cutting speed (v), feed rate (s), and depth of cut (a)—across minimum and maximum values, recognized as pivotal factors influencing cutting force development and the attainment of the desired machined surface quality.

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6

Bahreini, Ebrahim, Seyed Foad Aghamiri, Manfred Wilhelm, and Mahdi Abbasi. "Influence of molecular structure on the foamability of polypropylene: Linear and extensional rheological fingerprint." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x17700097.

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The foaming structure and rheological properties of four different isotactic homo-polypropylenes with various molecular weights and an isotactic long chain branched polypropylene were investigated to find a suitable rheological fingerprint for PP foams. The molecular weight distribution and thermal properties were measured using GPC-MALLS and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Small amplitude oscillatory shear data and uniaxial extensional experiments were analyzed using the frameworks of van Gurp-Palmen plot (δ vs. | G*|) and the molecular stress function model, respectively. These analyses were used to find a correlation between the molecular structure, rheological properties and foaming structures of linear and long chain branching polypropylenes. Two linear viscoelastic characteristics, | G*| at δ = 60° and | η*| at ω = 5 rad/s were used as criteria for foamability of these polymers, where decreasing of both parameters by increasing the long chain branching content results in smaller cell size and higher cell density. The molecular stress function model was able to quantify the strain hardening properties of long chain branching blends using small amplitude oscillatory shear data and two nonlinear material parameters, 1 ≤ β ≤ 2.2 and 1 ≤ [Formula: see text] ≤ 600, where the minimum and maximum values of these parameters belong to the linear and long chain branched polypropylene, respectively. Increasing the long chain branched polypropylene content of the PP blends increased strain hardening, and therefore improved the foaming characteristics significantly by suppressing the coalescence of cells. Dilution of linear PP with only 10 wt% of long chain branched polypropylene enhanced the cell density from 5.7 × 106 to 2.7 × 107 cell/cm3 and reduced the average cell diameter from 58 to 26 µm, respectively, while their volume expansion ratio remained in the same range of 2–3. Increasing of long chain branching to 50 and 100 wt% enhanced the V.E.R. to 6.2 and 7.8, respectively.

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7

Chen, Jianjun, Yueyue Jia, Zhiye Zhang, Xinlong Wang, and Lin Yang. "Effects of Chlorinated Polypropylene on the Conformation of Polypropylene in Polypropylene/Chlorinated Polypropylene/Polyaniline Composites." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/317813.

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We investigated the changes in the conformation and crystalline structure of polypropylene (PP) using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) based on PP/chlorinated PP (CPP)/polyaniline (PANI) composites. The DSC heating thermograms and WAXD patterns of the PP/CPP/PANI composites showed that theβ-crystal was affected greatly by the CPP content. Characterization of the specific regularity in the infrared band variation showed that the conformational orders of the helical sequences in PP exhibited major changes that depended on the CPP content. Initially, the intensity ratio ofA840/A810increased with the CPP concentration and reached its maximum level when the CPP content was <13.22% before decreasing as the CPP content increased further. The effect of increased temperature on the conformation of PP was studied by in situ FTIR. Initially, the intensity ratio ofA999/A973decreased slowly with increasing the temperature up to 105°C before decreasing sharply with further increases in temperature and then decreasing slowly again when the temperature was higher than 128°C.

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8

Gao, Lujie, Hegang Ren, Yanhui Hou, Linlin Ye, Hao Meng, Binyuan Liu, and Min Yang. "Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Polypropylene Elastomer by Propylene Polymerization Using α-Diimine Nickel Catalysts." Polymers 16, no. 16 (August 22, 2024): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16162376.

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The α-diimine late transition metal catalyst represents a new strategy for the synthesis of atactic polypropylene elastomer. Taking into account the properties of the material, enhancing the molecular weight of polypropylene at an elevated temperature through modifying the catalyst structure, and further increasing the activity of α-diimine catalyst for propylene polymerization, are urgent problems to be solved. In this work, two α-diimine nickel(II) catalysts with multiple hydroxymethyl phenyl substituents were synthesized and used for propylene homopolymerization. The maximum catalytic activity was 5.40 × 105 gPP/molNi·h, and the activity was still maintained above 105 gPP/molNi·h at 50 °C. The large steric hindrance of catalysts inhibited the chain-walking and chain-transfer reactions, resulting in polypropylene with high molecular weights (407~1101 kg/mol) and low 1,3-enchainment content (3.57~16.96%) in toluene. The low tensile strength (0.3~1.0 MPa), high elongation at break (218~403%) and strain recovery properties (S.R. ~50%, 10 tension cycles) of the resulting polypropylenes, as well as the visible light transmittance of approximately 90%, indicate the characteristics of the transparent elastomer.

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9

Melinda, Annisa Prita, Eka Juliafad, and Fajri Yusmar. "Pemanfaatan Serat Polypropylene untuk Meningkatkan Kuat Tekan Mortar dan Kuat Tekan Pasangan Bata." CIVED 7, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/cived.v7i3.111906.

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Kuat tekan mortar merupakan parameter utama untuk menentukan kualitas mortar. Kuat tekan didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan antara beban yang diberikan dan luas penampang sampel mortar yang diuji, yang dinyatakan dalam kg/cm². Sedangkan pengujian kuat tekan batu bata merah dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat hancur,yang merupakan perbandingan antara beban maksimum yang diberikan sampai batu bata merah hancur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental tentang kuat tekan mortar dan kuat tekan pasangan bata dengan penambahan serat Polypropylene. Sampel uji mortar adalah kubus berukuran 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. Ada lima puluh sampel mortar yang dihasilkan dari pengujian ini. Lima sampel untuk setiap mortar dan mortar normal dengan penambahan persentase serat polypropylane yang berbeda. Persentase yang digunakan antara lain 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 3%, 8%, 13%, 18%, 23%, dan 28% dari berat semen. Beban maksimum yang dapat diangkut adalah 3656 kgf dengan kuat tekan rata-rata mortar normal 146,24 kg/cm2 dan beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan oleh mortar serat polypropylane 8% adalah 4082 kgf dengan kuat tekan 163,28 kg/cm2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan serat polypropylene 8% meningkatkan kuat tekan mortar.

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10

YAMADA, Masaya. "Polypropylene." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 80, no. 8 (2007): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.80.288.

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11

Sano, Takezo, and Masahiro Kakugo. "Polypropylene." Kobunshi 37, no. 11 (1988): 808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.37.808.

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12

Woo, Jae-Hun, and Soo-Young Park. "Polypropylene nanocomposite with polypropylene-grafted graphene." Macromolecular Research 24, no. 6 (May 25, 2016): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-016-4067-8.

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13

Panumati, S., T. Amornsakchai, and C. Ramesh. "F-9 HIGH STRENGTH POLYPROPYLENE FIBER FROM POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY COMPOSITE(Session: Composites II)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.124.

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14

Dharmarajan, N., and L. G. Kaufman. "High Flow TPO Compounds Containing Branched EPDM Modifiers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 71, no. 4 (September 1, 1998): 778–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538504.

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Abstract Polymer blends of ethylene-propylene elastomers and polypropylene plastics, referred to as thermoplastic olefins, are finding increasing use in automotive applications. The combination of attractive mechanical properties, low raw material cost and recyclability make these materials ideal substitutes for expensive engineering thermoplastics (polycarbonate/polybutylene terephthalate alloys) and nonrecyclable polyurethane systems. The primary application is in automotive bumper fascia. This paper describes the addition of long chain branched ethylene-propylene elastomers in thermoplastic olefin compounds containing a high flow polypropylene resin matrix. In such compounds, the modifier molecular architecture plays an important role in impact toughening. The results clearly indicate that linear modifiers such as traditional ethylene-propylene copolymers are ineffective in impact toughening, while long chain branched polymers provide enhanced impact resistance with a ductile failure mode in high flow polypropylenes.

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15

Naguib, Hani E., Jin Wang, Chul B. Park, Anjan Mukhopadhyay, and Norbert Reichelt. "Effect of Recycling on the Rheological Properties and Foaming Behaviors of Branched Polypropylene." Cellular Polymers 22, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930302200101.

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The effects of recycling of branched polypropylenes on their rheological properties and foamability are studied in this paper. The rheological properties and foamability of branched polypropylene are compared with those of the virgin sample. The main purpose of the study was to explore the possibility of using recycled materials to make the acceptable foam products. The recycled polypropylenes showed the lower melt strength due to the lowered molecular weight and disentanglement of molecules. However, the high-shear viscosities of the virgin and recycled resins exhibited almost the same values whereas the zero-shear rate viscosity was lower for recycled ones. The rheological behavior of the resins was correlated to the foaming behavior. It was observed that the contribution of the storage modulus (G’) was more pronounced than the loss modulus (G”). The foam morphology of recycled branched polypropylene and the virgin material was studied at various processing temperatures using a single-screw tandem foam extrusion system. The volume expansion ratio and cell population density results were correlated with the rheological data. Despite the noticeable drop in the melt strength, it was found that the foamability did not significantly deteriorate by recycling.

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16

Cui, Lili, and D. R. Paul. "Evaluation of amine functionalized polypropylenes as compatibilizers for polypropylene nanocomposites." Polymer 48, no. 6 (March 2007): 1632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.01.036.

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17

Fujimatsu, Hitoshi, and Shigetaka Kuroiwa. "Adhesion of molded polypropylene using polypropylene gels." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 123, no. 1 (May 1988): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90250-0.

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18

Nam, Byung-Kook, O. Ok Park, and Sung-Chul Kim. "Properties of isotactic polypropylene/atactic polypropylene blends." Macromolecular Research 23, no. 9 (September 2015): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3106-1.

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19

Guan, Yong, Shuzhong Wang, Anna Zheng, and Huining Xiao. "Crystallization behaviors of polypropylene and functional polypropylene." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 88, no. 4 (February 14, 2003): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11668.

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20

Petková, Mária, Anna Ujhelyiová, Jozef Ryba, Marcela Hricová, and Vladimír Kovár. "Sorption Capabilities of Polypropylene/Modified Polypropylene Fibers." Fibers 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11120102.

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The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the modification of polypropylene (PP) fibers on the sorption capabilities of the fibers. The physical modification of the PP fibers was made with inorganic nanoadditives in the mass, with a view to improving the properties of silicate composites used in the construction industry. The compositions of the modified PP fibers using two different nanoadditives were based on previous work, as well as the work presented in this paper. The prepared modified PP fibers were compared with pure PP fibers, and their mechanical and thermomechanical properties were evaluated. Another task of this work was to evaluate and compare the sorption capabilities of these fibers without the preparation of concrete blocks. Therefore, the Washburn method was used. However, the obtained results led us to the conclusion that the given method points to the excellent transport properties of PP fibers if such properties are used to evaluate the sorption of the fibers. However, the sorption of the prepared modified fibers could be associated with the nanoadditives used, which have a higher water sorption capacity compared to pure PP fibers, and this could also ensure the higher adhesion of the modified PP fibers with inorganic additives to the cement matrix compared to the adhesion of the hydrophobic PP fibers.

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21

Chen, Zhe, Wei Huang, Peng Fei Fang, Wen Yu, and Shao Jie Wang. "Positron Lifetimes and Crystallinity of γ-Irradiated Polypropylenes." Materials Science Forum 733 (November 2012): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.733.163.

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The microstructure of the polypropylenes (PP) irradiated by gamma ray was studied by positron lifetime technique and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Lifetime measurement shows o-Ps intensity decreases with increasing γ irradiation dose. The crystallinity of irradiated samples was detected by DSC method. The correlation between o-Ps intensity and crystallinity indicates γ-ray can induce higher crystallinity in the polypropylene at low irradiation dose.

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22

Seyam, Ahmed Maher, Samir Shihada, and Rita Nemes. "Effects of polypropylene fibers on ultra high performance concrete at elevated temperature." Concrete Structures 21 (2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32970/cs.2020.1.2.

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This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the influence of polypropylene on fire resistance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Concrete mixtures are prepared by using different percentages of polypropylene fibres 0%, 0.75% and 1.5%, by volume. Samples are heated to 250 or 500 °C, for exposures 2.5 or 5 hours, and tested after cooling for compressive strength and flexural tensile strength. The research includes the use of mineral admixture of a recognized, polypropylene fibre, quartz sand, superplasticizers and without using any type of aggregates other than the quartz sand. The effect on subjected samples to elevated temperature up to 250 ºC and 500 ºC for durations 2.5 hours and 5 hours was studied for each mix and comparing the results of compressive strength and tensile strength among the mixes. Results obtained, showed that adding 0.75% of polypropylenes fibres only to a concrete mixture, improved the fire resistance of the concrete by 27% and 72% when the samples exposed to 250 ºC and 500 ºC for 2.5 hours respectively, compared with concrete mixes without fibres. In addition, the residual strength was improved by 39% and 14% when the samples exposed to 250 ºC and 500 ºC for 5 hours, respectively.

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23

Zenzingerová, Soňa, Jana Navratilova, Lenka Gajzlerová, Michal Kudláček, David Jaška, Lubomir Benicek, and Roman Čermák. "Polypropylene blends: Impact of long chain-branched polypropylene on crystallization of linear polypropylene." Express Polymer Letters 18, no. 9 (2024): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.69.

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24

Nasution, Arlan B., Alfian Hamsi, Mahadi, Andianto Pintoro, and Achmad Husein Siregar. "STUDI PENGARUH CAMPURAN 4 %, 4,5 %, DAN 5 % POLYPROPYLENE PADA ASPAL PENETRASI 60/70 TERHADAP KEKUATAN TEKAN (COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT) DAN UJI PENYERAPAN AIR." DINAMIS 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dinamis.v5i4.7077.

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Polypropylene digunakan sebagai bahan campuran aspal dalam penelitian ini karena polypropylene mempunyai titik leleh yang cukup tinggi (160 – 166 C), Polypropylene mempunyai ketahanan terhadap bahan kimia (chemical resistance) yang tinggi, polypropylene mempunyai kekuatan benturan (impact strength) yang tinggi dan ketahanan yang tinggi terhadap pelarut organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh dan menganalisis kekuatan tekan dan uji penyerapan air pada aspal modifikasi dengan pencampuran 4%, 4,5% dan 5% polypropylene. Hasilnya, diperoleh kekuatan tekan briket untuk aspal murni adalah sebesar 1,427 MPa, aspal campur 4% polypropylene sebesar 1,934 MPa, aspal campur 4,5% polypropylene sebesar 2,013 MPa dan aspal campur 5% polypropylene sabesar 2,236 Mpa.Dari hasil pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa penambahan polypropylene (kadar campuran polypropylene 4 % sampai dengan 5 %) mengakibatkan persentase penyerapan air menjadi lebih kecil dan kekuatan tekan aspal meningkat, sehingga penambahan bahan polypropylene ke dalam campuran aspal tersebut tentunya baik untuk meningkatkan sifat fisik dari campuran aspal.

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25

Dikobe, DG, and AS Luyt. "Investigation of the morphology and properties of the polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder and the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder polymer blend composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 14 (September 14, 2016): 2045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316668399.

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The properties of polypropylene/low-density polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blends, and their wood powder composites are compared in this study. The blends contained equal amounts of polymers, and the wood powder was added into the blends to form polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder ternary systems. The Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the blends and composites did not provide any evidence of significant interactions between the different components, although the rest of the results clearly showed that maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and wood powder significantly interacted, and that there was some interaction between maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and low-density polyethylene. The differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results confirmed the immiscibility of polypropylene and low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and indicated that wood powder was distributed in both the low-density polyethylene and polypropylene phases in the polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blend, but most probably only in the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene phase in the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blend. The polypropylene/low-density polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blends were found to be more thermally stable than the neat polymers, while the presence of wood powder in both polymer blends further increased the thermal stability of the polymers. The blends and composites with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene showed higher tensile modulus values and lower elongation at break values than the composites with polypropylene, while the stress at break values of the two sets of samples were comparable.

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26

Kasprzak, Adam. "Triaxiality and Plastic-Strain-Dependent Proposed PEAK Parameter for Predicting Crack Formation in Polypropylene Polymer Reservoir Subjected to Pressure Load." Polymers 16, no. 15 (July 26, 2024): 2128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16152128.

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This article raises the topic of the critical examination of polypropylene, a key polymeric material, and its extensive application within the automotive industry, particularly focusing on the manufacturing of brake fluid reservoirs. This study aims to enhance the understanding of polypropylene’s behavior under mechanical stresses through a series of laboratory destruction tests and numerical simulations, emphasizing the finite element method (FEM). A novel aspect of this research is the introduction of the PEAK parameter, a groundbreaking approach designed to assess the material’s resilience against varying states of strain, known as triaxiality. This parameter facilitates the identification of critical areas prone to crack initiation, thereby enabling the optimization of component design with a minimized safety margin, which is crucial for cost-effective production. The methodology involves conducting burst tests to locate crack initiation sites, followed by FEM simulations to determine the PEAK threshold value for the Sabic 83MF10 polypropylene material. The study successfully validates the predictive capability of the PEAK parameter, demonstrating a high correlation between simulated results and actual laboratory tests. This validation underscores the potential of the PEAK parameter as a predictive tool for enhancing the reliability and safety of polypropylene automotive components. The research presented in this article contributes significantly to the field of material science and engineering by providing a deeper insight into the mechanical behavior of polypropylene and introducing an effective tool for predicting crack initiation in automotive components. The findings hold promise for advancing the design and manufacturing processes in the automotive industry, with potential applications extending to other sectors.

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27

IGARASHI, AKIRA, and WATARU KINOUCHI. "Polypropylene Fiber." FIBER 66, no. 6 (2010): P.196—P.198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.66.p_196.

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28

BAUM, RUDY. "ELASTOMERIC POLYPROPYLENE." Chemical & Engineering News 73, no. 3 (January 16, 1995): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n003.p006.

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29

Borsig, E. "POLYPROPYLENE DERIVATIVES." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 36, no. 11 (November 17, 1999): 1699–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-100101621.

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30

Elias, Hans-G., Toshio Ogawa, and Young-Ha Kim. "Syndiotactic polypropylene." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia 72, no. 1 (March 8, 2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070720114.

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31

Landoll, L. M., and D. S. Breslow. "Polypropylene ionomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27, no. 7 (June 1989): 2189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270705.

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32

Antinucci, Giuseppe, Roberta Cipullo, and Vincenzo Busico. "Imagine polypropylene." Nature Catalysis 6, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 456–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-023-00975-8.

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33

Ouyang, Dong, Lin Jie Kong, Hao Fu, Liu Li Lu, Long Liao, and Chen Wu Huang. "Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Steel-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.182.

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This paper investigates the mechanical properties and the fire resistance of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete. The type of the polypropylene fibers are polypropylene monofilament fiber, polypropylene fibrillated fiber, and macro polypropylene fiber, and the type of the steel fibers is hooked steel fiber. The experimental results show that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural properties of steel-macro polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are better than any others. And the fire resistance of steel-monofilament polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete is the best.

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34

Visscher, E. J., and R. C. Willemse. "Interfacial tension of polypropylene/polystyrene: Degradation of polypropylene." Polymer Engineering & Science 39, no. 7 (July 1999): 1251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11512.

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35

Canevarolo, S., and F. De Candia. "Stereoblock polypropylene/isotactic polypropylene blends. I. Phase organization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54, no. 13 (December 26, 1994): 2013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541303.

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Canevarolo, S. V., F. De Candia, and R. Russo. "Stereoblock polypropylene/isotactic polypropylene blends. II. Mechanical behavior." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55, no. 3 (January 18, 1995): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550302.

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37

Kmetty, Ákos, Tamás Bárány, and József Karger-Kocsis. "Injection moulded all-polypropylene composites composed of polypropylene fibre and polypropylene based thermoplastic elastomer." Composites Science and Technology 73 (November 2012): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.09.017.

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Wang, Ya Zhen, Shou Cheng Xue, Tian Yu Lan, and Yan Ling Zhang. "Study on Weathering Quality of PP/PP-g-AN Blend." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.209.

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Acrylonitrile grafted polypropylene for grafting modification of polypropylene. Different mass polypropylene-g-acrylonitrile (PP-g-AN) was blended with polypropylene. The aging behavior pattern of PP/PP-g-AN was studied on the condition high temperature and illumination. Mechanical properties of different blend ratios were systemic studied on different accelerated weathering process. The results indicated that acrylonitrile grafted polypropylene effective improved weathering resistant of polypropylene.

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Xuan, Wei Hong, Yan Wang, and Yu Zhi Chen. "Microcosmic Analysis on Bonding Performance of Polypropylene Fiber Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2150.

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In the process of pull out testing polypropylene fiber, the performance of bonding of tested and untested objects has been microscopically analyzed; both the interface of polypropylene fiber-cement-based material, the hole morphology of cement-based material after the polypropylene fiber being pulled out by force and the condition after the polypropylene fiber being pulled out of concrete-based material are observed. Attachment phase analyses of the surface of the polypropylene fiber and cement-based transverse cracks after the polypropylene fiber being pulled out have both confirmed the fact that the performance of bonding of the polypropylene fiber-cement-based material can effectively transmit the outer force borne by the polypropylene fiber and that the performance of bonding of the polypropylene fiber-cement-based material is better.

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Al Faritzie, Hariman, Indra Syahrul Fuad, and Imam Akbar. "Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Polypropylene Serta Super Plasticizer Terhadap Kuat Tekan Dan Tarik Belah Beton." Jurnal Deformasi 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31851/deformasi.v8i1.11576.

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Beton merupakan material yang paling banyak digunakan dalam bangunan konstruksi. Beton adalah campuran semen, agregat halus, agregat kasar, dan air, serta dapat ditambah bahan tambah lain dengan perbandingan tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan dengan potongan serat polypropylene serta super plasticizer sebagai bahan tambah campuran beton terhadap kuat tekan dan tarik belah beton. Benda uji berupa silinder dengan variasi normal dan serat polypropylene 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% serta super plasticizer 1%, 2%, 3% dengan umur perawatan 7, 14, 21, 28 hari. Hasil penelitian pada variasi campuran serat polypropylene 0,25% + 1% super plasticizer hasil kuat tekan 32,03 MPa. Pada campuran serat polypropylene 0,25% + 2% super plasticizer hasil kuat tekan sebesar 33,08 MPa. Pada variasi campuran serat polypropylene 0,25% + 3% super plasticizer sebesar 35,87 MPa. Campuran serat polypropylene 0,50% + 1% super plasticizer sebesar 32,51 MPa. campuran serat polypropylene 0,50% + 2% super plasticizer kuat tekan 35,87 MPa. dan pada campuran serat polypropylene 0,50% + 3% super plasticizer hasil kuat tekan sebesar 37,32 MPa. Pada campuran serat polypropylene lebih dari 50% mengalami penurunan kuat tekan, dimana pada campuran serat polypropylene 0,75% + 1% super plasticizer hasil kuat tekannya 25.87 MPa. Pada campuran serat polypropylene 0,75% + 2% super plasticizer sebesar 27,79 MPa. Dan pada campuran serat polypropylene 0,75% + 3% super plasticizer sebesar 29,43 MPa

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Ouchi, Tetsu, Misuzu Yamazaki, Tomoki Maeda, and Atsushi Hotta. "Mechanical Property of Polypropylene Gels Associated with That of Molten Polypropylenes." Gels 7, no. 3 (July 23, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7030099.

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This study aims to understand the fundamental mechanical relationship between polypropylene (PP)-gels and solid PPs without solvent through mechanical and thermal analyses, by which the mechanical similarities between molten PPs and PP gels were found, leading to the reliable estimate of the mechanical properties of semi-crystalline gels. The gelation of syndiotactic and isotactic polypropylenes (sPP and iPP) was found when PPs were dissolved in 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin). Interestingly, it was found that the storage modulus of sPP-gel became higher than that of iPP-gel at low PP concentration (<~40 wt%). The result was distinctly different from the result of neat solid PPs (without solvent), where the modulus of solid sPP is generally significantly lower than that of solid iPP. Such inversion behavior in the mechanical property of semi-crystalline gels had not been reported and discussed before. By further investigation of the storage moduli of neat sPP and iPP, it was found that the storage modulus of sPP became higher than that of iPP above the melting points of PP, which was similar to the behavior of the storage moduli observed in the diluted PP-gels. Such similarity between PP-gels and PP melts was also observed within iPP samples with different molecular weights.

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Shao, Dongfeng, Hongwei Zhang, Lizhen Tao, Kan Cao, and Qufu Wei. "A Facile Approach for Preparing Ag Functionalized Nonwoven Polypropylene Membrane to Improve Its Electrical Conductivity and Electromagnetic Shielding Performance." Materials 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12020296.

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The commonly used preparation methods of polypropylene functionalization require special equipment to be put into use or take a long time, which limits its application. Therefore, a simple and economical method for preparing silver functionalized nonwoven polypropylene membrane was studied herein. Triethanolamine was first coated on the surface of the polypropylene, and then Ag was deposited on the surface of polypropylene using a continuous reduction reaction of triethanolamine and silver ions. Surface morphology, crystal structure, and surface chemistry during the preparation of Ag functionalized nonwoven polypropylene were investigated. The electrical conductivity, electromagnetic shielding properties, and washing durability of the treated nonwoven polypropylene were also studied. It was found that Ag was uniformly deposited on the surface of the nonwoven polypropylene, and the coating reaction did not change the chemical structure of the polypropylene. The crystallinity and thermal stability of polypropylene were improved after silver coated polypropylene. The washing experiment results showed that the weight gain rate of the treated nonwoven relative to the untreated sample after the 90 min washing ranged from 6.72% to 9.64%. The resistance test results showed that the maximum surface resistivity of Ag coated nonwoven polypropylene was about 1.95 × 105 Ω, which was 64,615 times lower than the original. In addition, the results showed that the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the Ag coated nonwoven polypropylene was about 71.6 dB, showing a very good electromagnetic shielding effect.

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Özen, İlhan, Gamze Okyay, Süleyman Şimşek, and Deniz Duran. "Oil absorbency of diatomite-embedded polypropylene meltblown composite structures." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 1552–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715627163.

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In this study, optimized conditions were established for diatomite grinding, which is a natural inorganic mineral with inherently high oil absorption capacity. Diatomite surface was modified with a fluorocarbon chemical and stearic acid via facile methods for enhancing compatibility between polypropylene and diatomite. Polypropylene/diatomite composites were generated in a twin screw extruder with/without using compatibilizer, and nonwoven structures were produced via meltblown technique. Pore size and void content analyses showed that addition of diatomite led to thicker fibers (1–17 µm (the neat polypropylene) vs. 1–32 µm (2 wt.% diatomite containing polypropylene)). Diatomite incorporation into polypropylene resulted in a rigid and brittle structure and a worsened oil absorption property (rust inhibitor oil absorption capacity: 1184% ± 105% (the neat polypropylene) vs. 718% ± 78% and 1089% ± 136% (2 wt.% diatomite containing polypropylene)). Increasing oil viscosity resulted in increased discrepancy among the oil absorption capacities of the neat polypropylene and diatomite containing polypropylene. Analysis of variance tests showed no changes or statistically insignificant differences in oil absorbency.

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Chervakov, D. O., O. S. Sverdlikovska, and O. V. Chervakov. "Development of thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 3 (May 2021): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-136-3-145-149.

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To improve the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of polypropylene-based thermoplastic composite materials, we performed modification of a polymer matrix by reactive extrusion of polypropylene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and polysiloxane polyols. Modified polypropylene was compounded with basalt, carbon, and para-aramide reinforcing fillers in a screw-disc extruder. It was established that the reinforcement of modified polypropylene by basalt fibers ensured a 110% increase in tensile strength. The reinforcement of modified polypropylene by carbon fibers allowed fabricating thermoplastic composite materials with tensile strength increased by 14%. The maximum reinforcing effect was observed by using para-aramide fibers as reinforcing fibers for modified polypropylene with tensile strength increased by 30% as compared with initial polypropylene. It was determined that the obtained thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene can be processed into products by the most productive methods (extrusion and injection molding). The developed materials exhibited improved thermal stability. The proposed ways of modification methods provide substantial improvement in physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of modified polypropylene-based thermoplastic composite materials as compared with initial polypropylene. In addition, they ensure a significant increase in service properties of the products prepared from thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene.

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S, Karthik A., and Dr S. V. Gorabal. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy and S-Glass Polypropylene Epoxy Composites." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd15903.

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46

Demori, Renan, Eveline Bischoff, Ana P. de Azeredo, Susana A. Liberman, Joao Maia, and Raquel S. Mauler. "Morphological, thermo-mechanical, and thermal conductivity properties of halloysite nanotube-filled polypropylene nanocomposite foam." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16681449.

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Studies about polypropylene nanocomposite foams are receiving attention because nanoparticles can change physical and mechanical properties, as well as improve foaming behavior in terms of homogeneous cell structure, cell density, and void fraction. In this research, the foaming behavior of polypropylene, polypropylene/long-chain branched polypropylene (LCBPP) 100/20 blend, and polypropylene/LCBPP/halloysite nanocomposites with 0.5 and 3 parts per hundred of resin (phr) is studied. The LCBPP was used to improve the rheological properties of polypropylene/LCBPP blend, namely the degree of strain-hardening. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicated that halloysite nanotube particles are well distributed in the matrix by aggregates. Subsequent foaming experiments were conducted using chemical blowing agent in injection-molding processing. Polypropylene foam exhibited high cell density and cell size as well as a collapsing effect, whereas the polypropylene/LCBPP blend showed a reduction of the void fraction and cell density compared to expanded polypropylene. Also, the blend showed reduction of the collapsing effect and increase of homogeneous cell size distribution. The introduction of a small amount of halloysite nanotube in the polypropylene/LCBPP blend improved the foaming behavior of the polypropylene, with a uniform cell structure distribution in the resultant foams. In addition, the cell density of the composite sample was higher than the polypropylene/LCBPP sample, having increased 82% and 136% for 0.5 and 3 phr of loaded halloysite nanotube, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of halloysite nanotube increased crystallization temperature (Tc) and slightly increased dynamic-mechanical properties measured by dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis. By increasing halloysite nanotube content to 3 phr, the insulating effect increased by 13% compared to polypropylene/LCBPP blend. For comparative purposes, the effect on foaming behavior of polypropylene/LCBPP was also investigated using talc microparticles.

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Nakada, Masayuki, Yasushi Miyano, Yoko Morisawa, Takeharu Isaki, Taiki Hirano, and Kiyoshi Uzawa. "Statistical life prediction of unidirectional carbon fiber/polypropylene tape under creep tension load." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 7-8 (January 16, 2020): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419900319.

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Recently, a carbon fiber/polypropylene unidirectional sheet has been developed by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. from a new polyolefin-based sizing agent for carbon fiber. Its effective polypropylene modification brings good compatibility with polypropylene to improve the fiber matrix adhesion. This study examines the prediction of the statistical lifetime of this developed carbon fiber/polypropylene unidirectional sheet under creep tension loading. First, a tensile test method for static and creep strengths at elevated temperatures was developed for carbon fiber/polypropylene unidirectional tape cut from a carbon fiber/polypropylene unidirectional sheet. Second, the static tensile strengths of carbon fiber/polypropylene tape were measured statistically at various constant temperatures under a constant strain rate. The statistical creep failure times under tension loading for carbon fiber/polypropylene tape were predicted at a constant temperature by substituting the statistical static strengths into the formulation based on the matrix resin viscoelasticity. Third, the validity of the predicted results was clarified by comparison with the creep failure times measured statistically using creep tests for carbon fiber/polypropylene tape. Finally, the relation between the failure probability and creep failure times for carbon fiber/polypropylene unidirectional tape at various loads and temperature conditions was discussed.

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Naushad, Md, Sanjay K. Nayak, Smita Mohanty, and Bishnu P. Panda. "Mechanical and damage tolerance behavior of short sisal fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene biocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 8 (July 8, 2016): 1087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658945.

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Sisal fiber (SF) reinforced recycled polypropylene biocomposites were prepared by melt blending technique. Biocomposites prepared with the incorporation of 40 wt% untreated sisal fiber loading showed a marginal improvement in mechanical properties as compared with matrix recycled polypropylene. SF surface was mercerized and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene was used as a coupling agent for better fiber matrix interfacial bonding. Mercerized sisal fiber reinforced biocomposites prepared with compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene) shows significant improvement in tensile and flexural strength. Damage tolerance of recycled polypropylene matrix and its biocomposites were evaluated in monotonic and cyclic tensile test. Untreated sisal fiber reinforced biocomposites prepared with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene shows improvement in damage tolerance compared with untreated sisal fiber biocomposites. Impact fractured morphology of biocomposites revealed better interfacial bonding between fiber, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and recycled polypropylene matrix.

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Abdelhaleem, Ayman MM, M. Megahed, and D. Saber. "Fatigue behavior of pure polypropylene and recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 12 (September 11, 2017): 1633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317729888.

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In this study, the fatigue behavior of recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber with different weight fractions (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) was compared to pure polypropylene under dry and wet conditions. The specimens were manufactured using injection molding process. The results show that addition of short glass fiber to recycled polypropylene resulted in increasing water uptake compared to pure polypropylene. However, flexural fatigue strength of recycled polypropylene reinforced with short glass fiber with 10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% exhibits higher relative fatigue strength than pure polypropylene under dry and wet conditions. Fatigue strength increases with the increase in fiber contents increased in recycled polypropylene matrix.

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Zhou, Yuanxin, Vijay Rangari, Hassan Mahfuz, Shaik Jeelani, and P. K. Mallick. "Experimental study on thermal and mechanical behavior of polypropylene, talc/polypropylene and polypropylene/clay nanocomposites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 402, no. 1-2 (August 2005): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.04.014.

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