Journal articles: 'Polypropylene nanocomposite'

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Sahoo, Rajesh Kumar. "Preparation of Polypropylene/Silver Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film and Evaluation of its Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties w.r.t it’s Use in Packaging Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37207.

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Polypropylene/silver nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared by melt compounding method by using polypropylene pallets and silver nanoparticles powder. The physical properties of the virgin polypropylene film and nanocomposite films were evaluated by mechanical testing. The effect of various silver nanoparticles content in the polymer nanocomposites with respect to its antimicrobial efficacy against the Gram positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Nanocomposite film containing higher percentage of silver nanoparticles loading showed 99.9 % efficacy against the bacteria as compared to virgin polypropylene film.

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Mishra, Joy K., Il Kim, Chang-Sik Ha, Jin-Ho Ryou, and Gue-Hyun Kim. "Structure-Property Relationship of a Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (Tpv)/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Prepared Using Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene as a Compatibilizer." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547872.

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Abstract Thermoplastic vulcanizate(TPV)/organoclay nanocomposites have been successfully prepared by melt intercalation method. Maleic anhydride modified polypropylene has been used as a compatibilizer. The TPV/organoclay nanocomposites have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The nanocomposite as evidenced by X-ray diffraction is an intercalated one. The nanocomposites exhibited remarkable improvement in tensile and storage modulus over their pristine counterpart. The dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the glass transition temperature of the polypropylene phase of the nanocomposite is increased (compared to its pristine counterpart), whereas the EPDM phase remains same. The nanocomposites showed improved solvent resistance over its pristine counterpart. The structure-property correlation of the nanocomposites is attempted.

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Sofiah, M. K. Anis, Hui Lin Ong, Hazizan Md Akil, and Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak. "Effect of Polypropylene-Methyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Compatibilizer in Polypropylene/Silica Nanocomposites: Mechanical, Morphological and Thermal Studies." Materials Science Forum 803 (August 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.803.265.

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The Effect of 1 wt% and 3 wt% of polypropylene-methyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PP-POSS) as compatibilizer on polypropylene/silica (PP/SiO2) nanocomposites, prepared in the thermo Haake internal mixer was studied. The 3 wt% of PP-Methyl POSS added into PP/SiO2 system showed highest value of tensile strength. Moreover, nanocomposites with 3 wt% of PP-POSS compatibilizer showed the highest thermal stability among the nanocomposite systems in this study.

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Ahmad Rasyid, Mohd Fadli, Md Akil Hazizan, and Jamaliah Mohd Sharif. "Influence of Organo-Clay on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 364 (October 2011): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.364.174.

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O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding using different filler content. Muscovite was organomodified with Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CEDAB). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, based on polypropylene (PP) filled by organo-clay (O-Muscovite), were studied in order to clarify the effect of O-Muscovite on the O-Muscovite/PP layered silicate nanocomposites by WAXD, TEM and DSC analyses. XRD indicated that O-Mica layers were intercalated and dispersed into polypropylene. Analysis of test data shows that, addition of organo-clay improved mechanical properties of O-Mica/PP nanocomposites. With the incorporation of 5 wt% O-Mica (optimal filler loading) into polypropylene Izod impact increased to 23%. The DSC analyses have shown that the influence of organo-clay on the thermal properties of material was significant in composites with O-Mica as fillers, compared to virgin PP. The enhancements of properties can be caused by the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at this clay content and stronger interaction of O-Mica with polymer matrix. At a higher filler loading, degradation in mechanical properties maybe attributes to the formation of agglomerated clay tactoids. O-Muscovite/PP Layered Silicate Nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding using different filler content. Muscovite was organomodified with cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, based on polypropylene (PP) filled by organo-clay (O-Muscovite), were studied in order to clarify the effect of O-Muscovite on the O-Muscovite/PP layered silicate nanocomposites by WAXD, TEM and DSC analyses. XRD indicated that O-Mica layers were intercalated and dispersed into polypropylene. It was found that the mechanical and thermal properties of organo-clay nanocomposite possess better properties as compared to the unmodified clay nanocomposites. The reason was partly due to the formation of intercalated and exfoliation nanocomposite structure at this clay content and stronger interaction of O-Mica with polymer matrix.

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Tekay, Emre, Nihan Nugay, Turgut Nugay, and Sinan Şen. "Tuning of nanotube/elastomer ratio for high damping/tough and creep resistant polypropylene/SEBS-g-MA/HNT blend nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1005–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318794267.

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Polypropylene (PP)/maleic anhydride grafted polystyrene-b-poly (ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS-g-MA)/organophilic halloysite nanotube clay ternary nanocomposites were produced by using HNT/SEBS-g-MA masterbatches at different nanotube loadings (1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%). The masterbatches with different ratios of HNT/SEBS-g-MA (1/1, 1/2, and 1/3) were prepared via a revolution/rotation type mixing-assisted masterbatch process. All nanocomposites showed higher storage moduli and damping at low temperatures as compared to neat polypropylene. The nanocomposites having HNT/SEBS-g-MA ratio of 1/3 were found to act as effective dampers with their relatively higher damping values. In terms of short-term creep performance, 1 wt% and 3 wt% organophilic halloysite nanotube loaded systems with low amount of SEBS-g-MA (<9 wt%) enhanced dimensional stability of polypropylene with their lower creep strain and permanent deformation values. More specifically, among the nanocomposites, 3 wt% organophilic halloysite nanotube loaded nanocomposite with HNT/SEBS-g-MA ratio of 1/3 and co-continuous like morphology not only exhibited an effective damping over a wide range of temperature (from −70℃ to 50℃) but also showed relatively higher storage moduli at low temperature region together with lower permanent creep deformation as compared to neat polypropylene. As a result, the HNT/SEBS-g-MA masterbatch in 1/3 ratio was found to be the most suitable in polypropylene blend nanocomposites. It may be advantageous for polypropylene nanocomposite based applications where high damping/toughness at low temperature conditions and high dimensional stability under load are desired.

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Castillo, Luciana A., and Silvia E. Barbosa. "Comparative analysis of crystallization behavior induced by different mineral fillers in polypropylene nanocomposites." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042092275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420922752.

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A comparative analysis of crystallization behavior induced by several mineral fillers in polypropylene nanocomposites was performed. Morphological changes and thermal properties of nanocomposites were evaluated, considering the influence of shape, crystalline morphology, and concentration of mineral particles. For this study, hydrated magnesium silicates with different particle morphologies, such as platelets (talc) and fibers (sepiolite), were used for nanocomposites. In addition, to analyze the effect of mineral crystallinity on nanocomposites, talc and sepiolite from different origin and genesis were selected. Nanocomposites were compounded and injection molded, using different filler concentration (0, 1, and 3% w/w) for each mineral particle. To evaluate the particle influence on nanocomposite crystallinity, X-ray diffraction was used to determine crystalline phases and crystal orientation, meanwhile differential scanning calorimetry was performed to obtain thermal properties. Main results revealed that talc has a higher nucleating effect on polypropylene matrix than sepiolite fibers, regardless of their origin and genesis. Meanwhile, a transcrystalline layer that surrounds the fiber surface is observed for nanocomposite containing sepiolite. Moreover, Argentinean talc induces different crystalline phases in nanocomposite with respect to Australian one, which partly influences on mechanical properties.

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Yadav, Kuřitka, Vilčáková, Machovský, Škoda, Urbánek, Masař, et al. "Polypropylene Nanocomposite Filled with Spinel Ferrite NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and In-Situ Thermally-Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040621.

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Herein, we presented electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles—in-situ thermally-reduced graphene oxide (RGO)—polypropylene nanocomposites with the variation of reduced graphene oxide content. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and electromagnetic parameters and mechanical characteristics of fabricated nanocomposites were investigated and studied in detail. The controllable composition of NiFe2O4-RGO-Polypropylene nanocomposites exhibited electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) with a value of 29.4 dB at a thickness of 2 mm. The enhanced EMI shielding properties of nanocomposites with the increase of RGO content could be assigned to enhanced attenuation ability, high conductivity, dipole and interfacial polarization, eddy current loss, and natural resonance. The fabricated lightweight NiFe2O4-RGO-Polypropylene nanocomposites have potential as a high performance electromagnetic interference shielding nanocomposite.

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Woo, Jae-Hun, and Soo-Young Park. "Polypropylene nanocomposite with polypropylene-grafted graphene." Macromolecular Research 24, no. 6 (May 25, 2016): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13233-016-4067-8.

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Bagheri-Kazemabad, Sedigheh, Alireza Khavandi, Daniel Fox, Yan Hui Chen, Hong Zhou Zhang, and Bi Qiong Chen. "Effect of the Compatibilizer on Clay Dispersion in Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.847.

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Polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites were prepared via a melt mixing technique. Two types of compatibilizers, namely poly (ethyleneco-octene) (EOC-g-MA) and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA), were selected to facilitate the nanocomposite formation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with rheological analysis were used for studying the dispersion state of clay layers in these nanocomposites. The results showed with the introduction of EOC-g-MA to PP/clay, clay was dispersed better than the presence of PP-g-MA.

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Mirjalili, F., L. Chuah, and E. Salahi. "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Nanoα-Al2O3Composites." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/718765.

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A nanocomposite containing polypropylene (PP) and nanoα-Al2O3particles was prepared using a Haake internal mixer. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and flexural tests, showed that mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced by addition of nanoα-Al2O3particles and dispersant agent to the polymer. Tensile strength was approximately∼16% higher than pure PP by increasing the nanoα-Al2O3loading from 1 to 4 wt% into the PP matrix. The results of flexural analysis indicated that the maximum values of flexural strength and flexural modulus for nanocomposite without dispersant were 50.5 and 1954 MPa and for nanocomposite with dispersant were 55.88 MPa and 2818 MPa, respectively. However, higher concentration of nanoα-Al2O3loading resulted in reduction of those mechanical properties that could be due to agglomeration of nanoα-Al2O3particles. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations of the nanocomposites also showed that fracture surface became rougher by increasing the content of filler loading from 1 to 4% wt.

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Sahoo, Rajesh Kumar. "Preparation of Polypropylene/silver nanoparticles Nanocomposite films and Evaluation of its Barrier and Antimicrobial Properties for Packaging Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37430.

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Polymeric films which can be used in packaging industries were prepared by blown film method with polypropylene chips and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposite films were characterized concerning its potential use. Oxygen Transmission rate (OTR) measurements was done in order to ascertain permeability of oxygen through the polymeric films. It was found that the permeability of oxygen through nanocomposite film is higher than that of virgin polypropylene film due to incompatibility between polypropylene matrix and silver nanoparticles. The water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) test of the polymeric nanocomposite films was calculated in order to know the information about mass transfer mechanisms and solute-polymer interactions in the food packaging film. It has been found that, there is a significant decreased water vapour transmission rate through nanocomposite films compared to that of virgin polypropylene film. With increasing the concentration of silver nanoparticles, this effect was reduced. The explanation for this could be that with higher concentration of silver nanoparticles agglomeration in the polymer film could the possibility which create narrow pathway for water molecules to travel. The effect of various silver nanoparticles content in the polymer nanocomposites with respect to its antimicrobial efficacy against the Gram positive bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus were studied. However, Escherichia coli was most effectively retarded by silver nanoparticles than Staphylococcus aureus, which is related to the difference in the cell wall of the gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

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Asgari, Alireza, Hassan Ebadi-Dehaghani, Davoud Ashouri, Saman Mousavian, and Navid Jaberzadeh Ansari. "An Investigation on Polypropylene/Nylon 66/TiO₂ Blend Nanocomposites: Rheological Models." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.111.

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Nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP), polyamide 66 (nylon 66) and PP/nylon 66 immiscible blends containing 5wt% TiO2nanoparticles were prepared via melt compounding. The influences of TiO2on the rheology of nanocomposites and blend nanocomposites were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed the size of inclusion phase was smaller in PP/PA 66/TiO275/25/5 comparing to the PP/PA 66/TiO225/75/5. A co-continuos phase was observed at 50/50 composition. Melt dynamic rheology showed that the moduli of the PP increased with incorporation of TiO2nanoparticles at the moderate frequencies, while this effect was reverse in PA 66 nanocomposite. Several rheological and rheo-morphological models were used for prediction of rheological parameters. The well-known models for rheology of suspensions proposed by Einstein, Roscope and Eilers-van Dijck were successful for prediction of viscosity of PA nanocomposite. Palierne model was fitted to the experimental values especially for the: PP/PA 66/ TiO225/75/5 blend nanocomposite.

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Daniel, D. Jafrey, and K. Panneerselvam. "Abrasive wear of polypropylene/Cloisite 30B/Elvaloy AC 3427 nanocomposites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 13 (October 4, 2017): 1833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317734624.

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Polymer nanocomposite may be defined as a structure that is formed by infusing at least one dimension of the dispersed particles in the nanoscale range into a thermoplastic polymer matrix. Polypropylene/Cloisite-30B/Elvaloy-AC3427 nanocomposites were manufactured by melt intercalation method using a twin screw extruder. X-ray diffraction shows an intercalated structure of nanocomposite category. The investigation of tribological properties of polypropylene/Cloisite-30B/Elvaloy-AC3427 nanocomposite material has enormous practical importance to ascertain the friction and wear values. In the tribological study, the two-body abrasive wear was conducted with input parameters (Cloisite-30B, load and sliding distance) and output parameters (wear loss, specific wear rate and coefficient of friction) at 0.5 m/s sliding velocity. The detailed validation of the abrasive wear volume with mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and shore d hardness), and the dominant factors of abrasive wear by analysis of variance and worn surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscope were reported.

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Al Herz, Youssef, Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam, Ali Elkamel, and Vikas Mittal. "Optimal mechanical and gas permeation properties of polypropylene-organically modified montmorillonite (PP-OMMT) nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 6 (August 1, 2014): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0319.

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Abstract This article focuses on obtaining optimal mechanical properties of polypropylene-organically modified montmorillonite (PP-OMMT) nanocomposites for different objectives using simulations. The primary objective was to minimize the cost of the PP-OMMT nanocomposites. The other aim was to obtain specific desired properties of the nanocomposite (irrespective of the nanocomposite cost). The later simulation results are useful in designing products where quality of the nanocomposite cannot be compromised (while the cost of the PP-OMMT is secondary). The properties that were optimized include Young’s modulus and oxygen permeation. Regression models were obtained and used to predict these properties as functions of corresponding compositions of the composites. Further, optimization procedures were simulated using these models along with other constraints and objective functions. All simulations were programmed using MATLAB version 7.10.0 (R2010a).

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Škovranová, Lubica, Eberhard Borsig, Rouven Streller, Ralf Thomann, Rolf Mülhaupt, Anna Ujhelyiová, Dušan Berek, and Robert A. Patsiga. "Polypropylene + boehmite nanocomposite fibers." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 6-7 (October 1, 2012): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0010.

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Abstract The influence of nanosized filler particles on mechanical properties of composite fibers has some specific features related to the fiber matrix, its preparation and the filler content, as well as the orientation of the fibers at their drawing. This paper discusses the manner of dispersion of chemically unmodified boehmite type nanofiller, Disperal 40 (D40) or Disperal 60 (D60) in polypropylene (iPP) fibers, and the influence of filler and its particle size on the tenacity, modulus and elongation of the iPP fibers. It was found that filler D40 was effective in increasing the tenacity only up to a content of about 1 wt% and in fibers prepared only at higher drawing ratios. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of the cut iPP+D40 or iPP+D60 fibers have shown the presence of aggregation of nanosized boehmite particles in all cases. A comparison of the effects of two different particle sized fillers on the mechanical properties of the isotactic PP (iPP) fibers showed that a small difference between the particle sizes of both kinds of filler plays some role regarding the tensile strength of the fibers. The iPP fibers containing a mixture of D40 and D60 showed some deviations from the expected sum of the effects of both fillers on their mechanical properties.

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Yussuf, A. A., M. A. Al-Saleh, and S. T. Al-Enezi. "Investigation of Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polypropylene and Montmorillonite (MMT) Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.3.

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The performances of PP/MMT nanocomposite (70μm thick films), in terms of thermal and rheological properties were investigated. A twin-screw extruder was used to compound PP, MMT, compatibilizer, and extruded nanocomposite films were collected for test. All results were compared and the influence of MMT contents on the final properties were observed and reported. The thermal properties of PP had improved by increasing MMT content from 0-3 phr. However at 4 phr thermal stability of the nanocomposite had slightly dropped. In terms of rhelogical properties, the addition of MMT to the PP blend increased the complex viscosity of the nanocomposites, particularly at low frequency regions.

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Sahoo, Rajesh Kumar. "Preparation of PP/PP-g-MAH/C15A Nanocomposite by Melt Extrusion Process and Comparative Study of its Mechanical and Non-Isothermal Crystallization Behaviour." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3744–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37167.

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Nanocomposite films have been prepared by melt blending method with the help of twin screw extruder using polymer polypropylene(PP)nucleating agent like organically modified nanoclay at optimum loading condition. Compatibilizers such as polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) were used for better compatibility between polymer matrix and filler. The effect of organoclay on nucleation effect and subsequent incremental values in mechanical and thermal behavior of different nanocomposite films has been investigated and explained with justifications. The tensile properties have shown to be improved in presence of clay nanoparticles due to resistance exerted by clay layers against plastic deformation of the polymer. Thermal properties measured by differential scanning calorimeter shows increased crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites in presence of clay particles and compatibilizer of optimum concentration.

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Bogoeva-Gaceva, Gordana, Luljeta Raka, and Bojan Dimzoski. "Thermal Stability of Polypropylene/Organo-Clay Nanocomposites Produced in a Single-Step Mixing Procedure." Advanced Composites Letters 17, no. 5 (September 2008): 096369350801700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350801700503.

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Thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing of polypropylene (PP) with organo-modified clay (Cloisite C93A) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) used as compatibilizer, has been studied. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) results showed improved thermal stability of PP in the presence of organo-clay in oxygen atmosphere. Significant prolongation of oxidation induction time (measured at 200°C) for nanocomposite, in the presence of even 1% organo-modified clay has been found.

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Stanciu, Nicoleta-Violeta, Felicia Stan, Ionut-Laurentiu Sandu, Catalin Fetecau, and Adriana-Madalina Turcanu. "Thermal, Rheological, Mechanical, and Electrical Properties of Polypropylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020187.

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In this paper, nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP) filled with up to 5 wt.% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated for determining the material property data used in numerical simulation of manufacturing processes such as the injection molding and extrusion. PP/MWCNT nanocomposite pellets were characterized for rheological behavior, crystallinity, specific volume and thermal conductivity, while injection-molded samples were characterized for mechanical and electrical properties. The addition of MWCNTs does not significantly change the melting and crystallization behavior of the PP/MWCNT nanocomposites. The effect of MWCNTs on melt shear viscosity is more pronounced at low shear rates and MWCNT loadings of 1–5 wt.%. However, with the addition of up to 5 wt.% of MWCNTs, the PP/MWCNT nanocomposite still behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid. The specific volume of the PP/MWCNT nanocomposites decreases with increasing MWCNT loading, especially in the MWCNT range of 1–5 wt.%, indicating better dimensional stability. The thermal conductivity, depending on the pressure, MWCNT wt.% and temperature, did not exceed 0.35 W/m·K. The PP/MWCNT nanocomposite is electrical non-conductive up to 3 wt.%, whereas after the percolating path is created, the nanocomposite with 5 wt.% becomes semi-conductive with an electrical conductivity of 10−1 S/m. The tensile modulus, tensile strength and stress at break increase with increasing MWCNT loading, whereas the elongation at break significantly decreases with increasing MWCNT loading. The Cross and modified 2-domain Tait models are suitable for predicting the melt shear viscosity and specific volume as a function of MWCNTs, respectively. These results enable users to integrate the PP/MWCNT nanocomposites into computer aided engineering analysis.

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Khanjanzadeh, Hossein, and Taghi Tabarsa. "Effect of Montmorillonite and Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Content on Polypropylene/Wood Flour Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.596.

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In this study the effect of nanoclay (0, 3 and 5 wt %) and grafted anhydride maleic with polypropylene (MAPP, 3 and 5 wt%) on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood flour nanocomposite was investigated. For manufacturing of these composites after melt compounding of the material they were converted to wood plastic granules in extruder and placed in hot press. The results showed that with increase of nanoclay physical (thickness swilling and water absorption) properties increases significantly but mechanical (bending and module of elasticity) properties increase up to 3 percent but after that gradually decreases. Also with incorporation of MAPP physical and mechanical properties of this nanocomposites improved and this positive effect was stronger for 5 percent MAPP than 3 one.

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Zhao, Xiaoliang, Dayong Huang, Chinomso M. Ewulonu, Min Wu, Chao Wang, and Yong Huang. "Polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites with high conductivity via solid-state shear mixing." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0039.

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Abstract The research on facile, low-cost, and green process for the uniform dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into polymer matrix has always been a considerable challenge in practical applications. The Van der Waals interaction between graphene layers can easily cause aggregation of the nanofillers. Here, we propose a new method to solve this problem by involving solid-state shear mixing to obtain a well-dispersed nanocomposite. The comprehensive properties of nanocomposite, including antistatic properties, mechanical properties, and thermal stability, can be significantly enhanced by this method. The surface resistivity of the nanocomposite can be up to 2.4 × 107 Ω sq−1 under 1 wt% content of GNPs, which is significantly better than the value obtained by conventional melting compounding and meets the required standard of less than 3 × 108 Ω sq−1 for actual application antistatic materials. The impact strength of the nanocomposite increased by 120.8% when compared with neat PP. At the same time, the heat distortion temperature and initial decomposition temperature of the nanocomposite with only 0.5 wt% content of GNPs are improved by 11.7°C and 110°C, respectively. In addition, GNPs is a heterogeneous nucleating agent that leads PP to emerge β crystal form. This study provides an effective and practical reference for the broad-scale industrial preparation of polymer-based graphene nanocomposites.

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Kanny, K., and V. K. Moodley. "Characterization of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Structures." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 1 (June 13, 2006): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2400264.

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This study describes the synthesis, mechanical properties, and morphology of nanophased polypropylene structures. The structures were manufactured by melt-blending low weight percentages of montmorillonite nanoclays and polypropylene thermoplastic. Both virgin and infused polypropylene structures were then subjected to quasi-static tensile, flexural, hardness and impact tests. Analysis of test data show that the mechanical properties increase with an increase in nanoclay loading up to a threshold of 2wt.%; thereafter, the material properties degrade. At low weight nanoclay loadings the enhancement of properties is attributed to the lower percolation points created by the high aspect ratio nanoclays. The increase in properties may also be attributed to the formation of intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposite structures formed at these loadings of clay. At higher weight loading, degradation in mechanical properties may be attributed to the formation of agglomerated clay tactoids. Results of transmission electron microscopy studies and scanning electron microscopy studies of the fractured surface of tensile specimens verify these hypotheses.

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Pathak, Abhishek Kumar, and Tomohiro Yokozeki. "Recycled Carbon Nanofiber-Polypropylene Nanocomposite: A Step towards Sustainable Structural Material Development." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6110332.

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Plastic products play a significant role in fulfilling daily necessities, but the non-decomposable nature of plastic leads to inescapable environmental damage. Recycling plastic material is the most appropriate solution to avoid pollution and short product lifespan. The present study shows the recycling effect on carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite to attain the purpose of reuse and sustainability. 30 wt% CNF melt-blended with polymer and PP-nanocomposites were fabricated using the injection molding technique. PP-CNF nanocomposites were recycled, and mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were investigated. Three-point bending and tensile testing showed a low decrement of ~1% and ~5% in bending and tensile strength after recycling 30 wt% PP-CNF nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the alignment of CNF was disturbed after recycling due to the decrement in the aspect ratio of CNF. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the crystallinity of PP increases with recycling. The lowering of interfacial interaction between CNF and PP after recycling was studied by a stress-controlled rheometer. The decrement in mechanical properties of PP-CNF nanocomposite is not significant due to CNF reinforcement; hence, it can be reused for the same or other structural applications.

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Patra, Sarat Chandra, Sumit Swain, Pragyan Senapati, Himadri Sahu, Rabiranjan Murmu, and Harekrushna Sutar. "Polypropylene and Graphene Nanocomposites: Effects of Selected 2D-Nanofiller’s Plate Sizes on Fundamental Physicochemical Properties." Inventions 8, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010008.

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The authors developed a nanocomposite using polypropylene (PP) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with a melt mixing method. Virgin PP was filled with three sets of GNPs with a fixed thickness (15 nm) and surface area (50–80 m2/g). The selected H-type GNPs had three different sizes of 5, 15 and 25 µm. The nanocomposites were made by loading GNPs at 1, 2 and 3 wt.%. Mechanical analysis was carried out by performing tensile, flexural and impact strength tests. The crystalline, micro-structural, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties were assessed through XRD, FESEM, PLM, DSC, TGA and DMA tests. It was observed that all three types of GNPs boosted the mechanical strength of the polymer composite. Increasing the nanofiller size decreased the tensile strength and the tensile modulus, increased the flexural strength and flexural modulus, and increased the impact strength. Maximum tensile strength (≈41.18 MPa) resulted for the composite consisting 3 wt.% H5, whereas maximum flexural (≈50.931 MPa) and impact (≈42.88 J/m) strengths were observed for nanocomposite holding 3 wt.% H25. Graphene induced the PP’s crystalline phases and structure. An improvement in thermal stability was seen based on the results of onset degradation (TD) and melting (Tm) temperatures. Graphene increased the crystallization (Tc) temperatures, and acted like a nucleating agent. The experimental analysis indicated that the lateral size of graphene plays an important role for the nanocomposite’s homogeneity. It was noted that the small-sized GNPs improved dispersion and decreased agglomeration. Thus overall, small-sized GNPs are preferable, and increasing the lateral size hardly establishes feasible characteristics in the nanocomposite.

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Leuteritz, A., D. Pospiech, B. Kretzschmar, M. Willeke, D. Jehnichen, U. Jentzsch, K. Grundke, and A. Janke. "Progress in Polypropylene Nanocomposite Development." Advanced Engineering Materials 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2003): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200320139.

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Demori, Renan, Eveline Bischoff, Ana P. de Azeredo, Susana A. Liberman, Joao Maia, and Raquel S. Mauler. "Morphological, thermo-mechanical, and thermal conductivity properties of halloysite nanotube-filled polypropylene nanocomposite foam." Journal of Cellular Plastics 54, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16681449.

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Studies about polypropylene nanocomposite foams are receiving attention because nanoparticles can change physical and mechanical properties, as well as improve foaming behavior in terms of homogeneous cell structure, cell density, and void fraction. In this research, the foaming behavior of polypropylene, polypropylene/long-chain branched polypropylene (LCBPP) 100/20 blend, and polypropylene/LCBPP/halloysite nanocomposites with 0.5 and 3 parts per hundred of resin (phr) is studied. The LCBPP was used to improve the rheological properties of polypropylene/LCBPP blend, namely the degree of strain-hardening. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicated that halloysite nanotube particles are well distributed in the matrix by aggregates. Subsequent foaming experiments were conducted using chemical blowing agent in injection-molding processing. Polypropylene foam exhibited high cell density and cell size as well as a collapsing effect, whereas the polypropylene/LCBPP blend showed a reduction of the void fraction and cell density compared to expanded polypropylene. Also, the blend showed reduction of the collapsing effect and increase of homogeneous cell size distribution. The introduction of a small amount of halloysite nanotube in the polypropylene/LCBPP blend improved the foaming behavior of the polypropylene, with a uniform cell structure distribution in the resultant foams. In addition, the cell density of the composite sample was higher than the polypropylene/LCBPP sample, having increased 82% and 136% for 0.5 and 3 phr of loaded halloysite nanotube, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of halloysite nanotube increased crystallization temperature (Tc) and slightly increased dynamic-mechanical properties measured by dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis. By increasing halloysite nanotube content to 3 phr, the insulating effect increased by 13% compared to polypropylene/LCBPP blend. For comparative purposes, the effect on foaming behavior of polypropylene/LCBPP was also investigated using talc microparticles.

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Ibrahimova, Hijran S., Habiba A. Shirinova, Rovnag M. Rzayev, Konul E. Rahimova, and Esmira M. Mustafayeva. "Change of thermophysical parameters of polypropylene-metal oxide nanocomposite (polypropylene + ZrO₂) after electric field influence." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221104484.

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In this work, the influence of an electric field on thermophysical properties of the PP+ZrO2 nanocomposites has been investigated. Changes in thermograms before and after applying an electric field (EFI) have been studied depending on the filler percentage in the polymer matrix. After EFI a new, weak maximum at the temperature range of 100–130°С of the thermograms for all concentrations of the filler was observed. Thermophysical parameters of the nanocomposite sample have been calculated for different values of electric field strengths that were applied are calculated depending on the effect of the ETP.

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Zhirikova, Z. M., and V. Z. Aloyev. "Application of Model of the Viscoelastic Body and the Fractal Analysis for the Description of Process of Flowability of Polymeric Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 935 (October 2018): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.935.150.

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In present work the yield process of nanocomposites polypropylene/carbon nanotubes analysis has performed within the frameworks of fractional derivatives conception and fractal analysis. The mathematical model of a viscoelastic body based on derivatives of fractional order. It has been shown that the yield stress is defined by elasticity modulus and nanocomposite structural state. The fractional exponent structural identification has performed.

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Patel, Mitul, Daniel Schwendemann, Giorgia Spigno, Shiyu Geng, Linn Berglund, and Kristiina Oksman. "Functional Nanocomposite Films of Poly(Lactic Acid) with Well-Dispersed Chitin Nanocrystals Achieved Using a Dispersing Agent and Liquid-Assisted Extrusion Process." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 4557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154557.

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The development of bio-based nanocomposites is of high scientific and industrial interest, since they offer excellent advantages in creating functional materials. However, dispersion and distribution of the nanomaterials inside the polymer matrix is a key challenge to achieve high-performance functional nanocomposites. In this context, for better dispersion, biobased triethyl citrate (TEC) as a dispersing agent in a liquid-assisted extrusion process was used to prepare the nanocomposites of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The aim was to identify the effect of the TEC content on the dispersion of ChNCs in the PLA matrix and the manufacturing of a functional nanocomposite. The nanocomposite film’s optical properties; microstructure; migration of the additive and nanocomposites’ thermal, mechanical and rheological properties, all influenced by the ChNC dispersion, were studied. The microscopy study confirmed that the dispersion of the ChNCs was improved with the increasing TEC content, and the best dispersion was found in the nanocomposite prepared with 15 wt% TEC. Additionally, the nanocomposite with the highest TEC content (15 wt%) resembled the mechanical properties of commonly used polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene. The addition of ChNCs in PLA-TEC15 enhanced the melt viscosity, as well as melt strength, of the polymer and demonstrated antibacterial activity.

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Uyor, Uwa Orji, Patricia Abimbola Popoola, and Olawale M. Popoola. "Enhanced mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes decorated with barium titanate." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221100160.

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This study presents functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorated with functionalized barium titanate (BT) (denoted as BT@CNTs) via hydrothermal and self-assembly methods to improve dispersion in polypropylene (PP) matrix with enhanced thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties. The CNTs, BT, and BT@CNTs with the addition of polypropylene maleic anhydride (PPMA) compatibilizer were used in the fabrication of the PP based nanocomposites for this study via solution mixing and melt compounding. FTIR, TEM, and SEM analyses, respectively revealed that the nanoparticles were successfully functionalized, CNTs decorated with BT, and well dispersion in the PP matrix. PP/BT@CNTs-based nanocomposite showed optimal tensile strength, modulus, heat deflection, and thermal stability of about 16.8%, 26.5%, 20.1%, and 30oC higher than that obtained for the pure PP. These properties were also respectively 10.6%, 17.6%, 19.0%, and 5.0oC higher than PP/3CNTs nanocomposite when compared to PP/3BT@CNTs. The PP/BT@CNTs based nanocomposites also revealed enhanced dynamic mechanical properties. The better performance in the measured properties of PP/BT@CNTs compared to pure PP and PP/CNTs were attributed to their uniform microstructures, effective interlocking of the PP matrix due to the presence of BT on CNTs surfaces.

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Fernandez, Mercedes, Arrate Huegun, and Antxon Santamaria. "Relevance of Rheology on the Properties of PP/MWCNT Nanocomposites Elaborated with Different Irradiation/Mixing Protocols." Fluids 4, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010007.

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Linear and nonlinear rheological features and electrical conductivity of two nanocomposite systems based on polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes (PP/MWCNT) are investigated. The nanocomposites were irradiated with an electron beam following two different procedures. Protocol A, where the nanocomposite mixture is irradiated, and Protocol B where only the PP matrix is irradiated before mixing with MWCNT. The same irradiation dose adjusted to bring about long chain branching (LCB) but not crosslinking, is used in both types of nanocomposites. The modification of the polymer matrix viscosity caused by irradiation determines the MWCNT dispersion and therefore the rheological and percolation thresholds. Elongational flow results reveal that strain hardening, typical of irradiated PPs, is observed for the nanocomposites irradiated, but not for the nanocomposites prepared with the irradiated PP. The hypothesis of a shear flow modification that aligns the branches into the backbone, eliminating the strain hardening is considered.

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Zago, Dagaci Muhammad, Suzi Salwah Binti Jika, Nur Azam Bin Badarulzaman, Nurun Najwa Binti Ruslan, Awwal Hussain Nuhu, and Nazia Bano. "Probing Dynamic Mechanical Analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy of Polypropylene/Kaolin Nanocomposite." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.30 (November 30, 2018): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22369.

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The Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were conducted and evaluated on polypropylene/kaolin (P/K) nanocomposite treated with maleic anhydride (MA) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as additives in an in- situ process. Two-roll mill was used in compounding of the nanocomposites while moulding were done by injection moulding machine. Investigation in to the effect of K and MA/DCP on the nanocomposites (NCs) indicates that interfacial interactions between PP and K as filler was eminent. DMA analysis reveals an increase in the storage modulus which was at maximum significantly in P/K NC with 3 wt% and decrease in damping factor tan δ also at P/K NC of 3 wt%. The AFM study indicates that there was uniform and smooth surface roughness among the NCs. Thus, addition of MA/DCP on to P/K NC improves the reinforcing influence on the nanocomposites for better improvement.

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Srisawat, Natee, Manit Nithitanakul, and Kawee Srikulkit. "Spinning and Characterization of Silica/Polypropylene Nanocomposite Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 545 (July 2012): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.545.335.

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The preparation of nanocomposite resins by solution (toluene) mixing was conducted, aiming at disaggregating silica agglomerates down into primary nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite resin was spun into monofilament fibers using ThermoHaake® single screw extruder. The characterizations including morphological analyses (SEM and AFM) and crystallization profile (DSC). AFM images revealed that silica particles having nanoscale sizes were evenly distributed on the surface. The presence of silica nanoparticles resulted at higher crystallization temperature (Tc) of the nanocomposite fiber when compared to those of neat fiber. As a result, the shrinkage resistance of the nanocomposite fibers was significantly improved due to an effective reinforcement. The surface hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite fibers was found higher than neat fiber due to an increase in surface roughness arising from the presence of nanoparticles on the surface.

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Thabet, Ahmed, and Youssef A. Mobarak. "Predictable Models and Experimental Measurements for Electric Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Films." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.9108.

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<span>This paper processed and characterized cost-fewer polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite films; an experimental work has been investigated for studying the electric properties of the new nanocomposite materials and compared with unfilled industrial materials in a frequency range up to 1 kHz. A small addition of nanoparticles (clay, and fumed silica) to polypropylene showed appreciable improvement in the electric reactance and conductance at different frequency up to 1kHz, in addition, an electric spectroscopy has been measured the electric properties of polypropylene with and without nanoparticles under variant temperatures (20°C, and 60°C). Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) program were carried out the electrical/mechanical predictable models for the suggested materials. Finally, this paper leads to synthesize electrical insulating polypropylene nanocomposite films where the electrical properties are properly maintained in order to achieve more cost-effective, energy-effective and hence environmentally better materials for the electrical insulation technology.</span>

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Thabet, Ahmed, and Youssef A. Mobarak. "Predictable Models and Experimental Measurements for Electric Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Films." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i1.pp120-129.

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<span>This paper processed and characterized cost-fewer polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite films; an experimental work has been investigated for studying the electric properties of the new nanocomposite materials and compared with unfilled industrial materials in a frequency range up to 1 kHz. A small addition of nanoparticles (clay, and fumed silica) to polypropylene showed appreciable improvement in the electric reactance and conductance at different frequency up to 1kHz, in addition, an electric spectroscopy has been measured the electric properties of polypropylene with and without nanoparticles under variant temperatures (20°C, and 60°C). Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) program were carried out the electrical/mechanical predictable models for the suggested materials. Finally, this paper leads to synthesize electrical insulating polypropylene nanocomposite films where the electrical properties are properly maintained in order to achieve more cost-effective, energy-effective and hence environmentally better materials for the electrical insulation technology.</span>

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Min, Daomin, Chenyu Yan, Rui Mi, Chao Ma, Yin Huang, Shengtao Li, Qingzhou Wu, and Zhaoliang Xing. "Carrier Transport and Molecular Displacement Modulated dc Electrical Breakdown of Polypropylene Nanocomposites." Polymers 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111207.

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Dielectric energy storage capacitors have advantages such as ultra-high power density, extremely fast charge and discharge speed, long service lifespan and are significant for pulsed power system, smart power grid, and power electronics. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most widely used dielectric materials for dielectric energy storage capacitors. It is of interest to investigate how to improve its electrical breakdown strength by nanodoping and the influencing mechanism of nanodoping on the electrical breakdown properties of polymer nanocomposites. PP/Al2O3 nanocomposite dielectric materials with various weight fraction of nanoparticles are fabricated by melt-blending and hot-pressing methods. Thermally stimulated current, surface potential decay, and dc electrical breakdown experiments show that deep trap properties and associated molecular chain motion are changed by incorporating nanofillers into polymer matrix, resulting in the variations in conductivity and dc electrical breakdown field of nanocomposite dielectrics. Then, a charge transport and molecular displacement modulated electrical breakdown model is utilized to simulate the dc electrical breakdown behavior. It is found that isolated interfacial regions formed in nanocomposite dielectrics at relatively low loadings reduce the effective carrier mobility and strengthen the interaction between molecular chains, hindering the transport of charges and the displacement of molecular chains with occupied deep traps. Accordingly, the electrical breakdown strength is enhanced at relatively low loadings. Interfacial regions may overlap in nanocomposite dielectrics at relatively high loadings so that the effective carrier mobility decreases and the interaction between molecular chains may be weakened. Consequently, the molecular motion is accelerated by electric force, leading to the decrease in electrical breakdown strength. The experiments and simulations reveals that the influence of nanodoping on dc electrical breakdown properties may origin from the changes in the charge transport and molecular displacement characteristics caused by interfacial regions in nanocomposite dielectrics.

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Quadrini, Fabrizio, Denise Bellisario, Loredana Santo, Felicia Stan, and Fetecau Catalin. "Compression Moulding of Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Filled with MWCNT." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 8 (October 2017): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500806.

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Multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) were melt-mixed with three different thermoplastic matrices (polypropylene, PP, polycarbonate, PC, and thermoplastic polyurethane, TPU) to produce nanocomposites with three different filler contents (1, 3, and 5 wt.%). Initial nanocomposite blends (in the shape of pellets) were tested under differential scanning calorimetry to evaluate the effect of the melt mixing stage. Nanocomposite samples were produced by compression moulding in a laboratory-scale system, and were tested with quasi-static (bending, indentation), and dynamic mechanical tests as well as with friction tests. The results showed the effect of the filler content on the mechanical and functional properties of the nanocomposites. Compression moulding appeared to be a valuable solution to manufacture thermoplastic nanocomposites when injection moulding leads to loss of performance. MWCNT-filled thermoplastics could be used also for structural and functional uses despite, the present predominance of electrical applications.

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Gultom, Fransiskus, and Hernawaty Hernawaty. "THE EFFECT OF SARULLA NATURAL NANOZEOLITE ADDITION IN THE PREPARATION OF NANOCOMPOSITE FOAM POLYURETHANTSVIEWED FROM FTIR CHARACTERIZATION." Jurnal Darma Agung 28, no. 3 (December 7, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.46930/ojsuda.v28i3.812.

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The fabrication and characterization of polyurethane foam nanocomposites with the addition of Sarulla natural nanozeolite fillers has been investigated. The steps carried out in research on the manufacture of polyurethane foam nanocomposites are: 1) Preparation and purification of natural zeolites, 2) Preparation of nanozeolites, and 3) Preparation of polyurethane foam nanocomposites is carried out using an in situ process by mixing natural nanozeolites in a mixture of polypropylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate. The results of the particle size analyzer show Sarulla nanozeolite particle size is 95.8 nm. The XRF results showed that the main composition of Sarulla nanozeolites was SiO2 (80.98%) and Al2O3 (14.21%), while the XRD results showed that Sarulla nanozeolites were Mordenite types. Variation in weight ratio of nanozeolites as fillers to polypropylene glycol and toluene diisocyanate is (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25)%. The results of the FTIR spectrum of polyurethane foam and polyurethane foam nanocomposite show almost the same functional groups, this is caused by the interaction that occurs between polyurethane foam and nanozeolite is a physical reaction.

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Ryu, Hyeon-Ju, Nguyen Thu Hang, Sanoj Rejinold. N, Byeongmoon Jeong, Goeun Choi, and Jin-Ho Choy. "Effects of Nanofillers Based on Cetyltrimethylammonium-Modified Clays in a Polypropylene Nanocomposite." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194110.

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Nanocomposites of hydrophobic organo-clay/polypropylene (organo-clay/PP) were efficiently developed through a solution-blending technique. For this, we utilized various smectite clays as host agents; namely, Na-montmorillonite (Mt, ~1000 nm), Na-fluorine mica (Mica, ~1500 nm), and Na-hectorite (Ht, ~60 nm) with varied sizes, layer charges, and aspect ratios. Such clays were functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) bromide via an intercalation technique to obtain hydrophobic organic clays. The as-made clay particles were further mixed with a PP/xylene solution; the latter was removed to obtain the final product of the CTA-clay/PP nanocomposite. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that there were no characteristic (001) diffraction peaks for CTA-Mica in the PP nanocomposites containing CTA-Mica, assuring the fact that the Mica layers could be completely exfoliated and thereby homogenously composited within the PP. On the other hand, the CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht incorporated composites had broader (001) peaks, which might have been due to the partial exfoliation of CTA-Mt and CTA-Ht in the composites. Among the three CTA-clay/PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanohybrid showed an enhanced thermal stability by ~42 °C compared to the intact host polymer matrix. We also noted that when the CTA-Mica content was ~9 mass % in the nanocomposites, the Young’s modulus was drastically maximized to 69%. Our preliminary results therefore validated that out of the three tested clay-PP nanocomposites, the CTA-Mica nanofiller served as the best one to improve both the thermal and mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposites.

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Sánchez-Valdes, S., A. G. Zapata-Domínguez, J. G. Martinez-Colunga, J. Mendez-Nonell, L. F. Ramos de Valle, A. B. Espinoza-Martinez, A. Morales-Cepeda, T. Lozano-Ramirez, P. G. Lafleur, and E. Ramirez-Vargas. "Influence of functionalized polypropylene on polypropylene/graphene oxide nanocomposite properties." Polymer Composites 39, no. 4 (May 17, 2016): 1361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.24077.

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Otero-Pazos, Pablo, David A. Pereira de Abreu, Raquel Sendon, Ana Rodriguez Bernaldo de Quiros, Inmaculada Angulo, Jose M. Cruz, and Perfecto Paseiro-Losada. "Determination of Partition Coefficients of Selected Model Migrants between Polyethylene and Polypropylene and Nanocomposite Polypropylene." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3952631.

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Studies on nanoparticles have focused the attention of the researchers because they can produce nanocomposites that exhibit unexpected hybrid properties. Polymeric materials are commonly used in food packaging, but from the standpoint of food safety, one of the main concerns on the use of these materials is the potential migration of low molecular substances from the packaging into the food. The key parameters of this phenomenon are the diffusion and partition coefficients. Studies on migration from food packaging with nanomaterials are very scarce. This study is focused on the determination of partition coefficients of different model migrants between the low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) and between LDPE and nanocomposite polypropylene (naPP). The results show that the incorporation of nanoparticles in polypropylene increases the mass transport of model migrants from LDPE to naPP. This quantity of migrants absorbed into PP and naPP depends partially on the nature of the polymer and slightly on the chemical features of the migrant. Relation (RPP/naPP) between partition coefficientKLDPE/PPand partition coefficientKLDPE/naPPat 60°C and 80°C shows that only BHT at 60°C has aRPP/naPPless than 1. On the other hand, bisphenol A has the highestRPP/naPPwith approximately 50 times more.

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Thanomchaem, Nattha, and Wunpen Chonkaew. "The Crystallization Kinetics of Polypropylene/Organo Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Modified with Calcium Pimelate." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.749.

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Polypropylene/organo montmorillonite nanocomposites modified with 0.001-0.1 wt% calcium pimelate, a β-nucleating agent, were prepared using twin screw extruder. The effects of calcium pimelate content on crystallization behavior were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The crystallization kinetics were studied using both nonisothermal and isothermal methods. The development of relative crystallinity with the crystallization time was analyzed by the Avrami equation. For nonisothermal studies, the Kissingers theory was employed and the crystallization activation energy was calculated. The results showed that the crystallization temperature shifted to a higher temperature range when calcium pimelate was added. The alpha crystal form of polypropylene nanocomposite was suppressed, by the additions of calcium pimelate, while beta crystallization reaction was accelerated.

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Pyrz, Ryszard. "Optical and Piezoelectric Properties of ZnO Nanowires and Functional Polymer-Based Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.107.

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Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study electronic and mechanical properties of smallest ZnO nanowires. It has been shown that the electronic band structure of nanowires varies with uniaxial strain and this property can be used for sensing deformation state when nanowires are embedded in a polymer matrix. A new atomic strain concept is formulated that allows calculation of continuum quantities directly within a discrete atomic (molecular) system. Molecular modeling and strain calculations have been performed on ZnO/polypropylene nanocomposites and compared with a carbon nanotube/polypropylene system. The simulation cell of nanocomposite has been subjected to uniaxial tension along an inclusion axis and the analysis has been performed for seven deformation steps with equilibration runs after each step. Both nanoinclusions follow global nanocomposite strain to a certain loading and then both exhibit deformation lag as loading level increases. This is clear evidence that both systems are prone to interfacial sliding. The sliding is more significant with the ZnO nanowire as compared to carbon nanotube, which is also evidenced in weaker interaction of this system.

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Wang, Liping, Xiaocai Yu, Jiaqi Liao, Bining Xue, Siyao Tian, and Wanting Zhu. "Application of Fe2O3/ZrO2 loaded polyhedron ball on photocatalytic degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 1983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.252.

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Abstract Fe2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by coprecipitation method for the degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light. The effects of doping ratio, calcination temperature, photocatalyst dosage, initial diesel concentration, H2O2 concentration, and reaction time on the photocatalytic removal efficiency were investigated. Moreover, the optimal conditions for Fe2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst to degrade marine diesel pollution were determined. The removal efficiency of diesel by nanocomposite photocatalyst could reach 97.03%. A photocatalyst-loaded polypropylene polyhedral ball was prepared, and the removal efficiency of diesel by photocatalyst-loaded polypropylene polyhedral ball decreased from 99.35 to 68.84% after four recycling cycles.

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Zhang, Xiaohu, Jinshan Guo, Liji Zhang, Shiyuan Yang, Jie Zhang, and Yutao He. "Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Attapulgite Nanocomposite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 5277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2507.

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Ramazanov, M. A., H. A. Shirinova, F. V. Hajiyeva, and A. Kh Karimova. "Influence of Temperature-Time Mode of Crystallization on Electrophysical Characteristics of the Polypropylene/Magnetite Nanocomposite." Integrated Ferroelectrics 201, no. 1 (September 2, 2019): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2019.1668712.

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In the present study, the influence of the temperature–time mode of crystallization (TTC) on the electrophysical properties of polymer-based PP + Fe3O4 nanocomposite materials was investigated. Also, the effect of the temperature-time mode of crystallization of nanocomposites on the negative magnetoresistance (NMR) effect that observed in this material was investigated. It was found that dielectric permittivity of polymer nanocomposites rises with increasing of cooling rate. The cooling rate of nanocomposites after hot-pressing also affects the NMR effect of these materials. The conductivity of the material under the influence of magnetic field improves with increasing of its cooling rate, which leads to increasing of NMR effect.

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Naseem, Sajid, Sven Wießner, Ines Kühnert, and Andreas Leuteritz. "Layered Double Hydroxide (MgFeAl-LDH)-Based Polypropylene (PP) Nanocomposite: Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation." Polymers 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 3452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193452.

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This work analyzes the thermal degradation and mechanical properties of iron (Fe)-containing MgAl layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite. Ternary metal (MgFeAl) LDHs were prepared using the urea hydrolysis method, and Fe was used in two different concentrations (5 and 10 mol%). Nanocomposites containing MgFeAl-LDH and PP were prepared using the melt mixing method by a small-scale compounder. Three different loadings of LDHs were used in PP (2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt%). Rheological properties were determined by rheometer, and flammability was studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 (V and HB). Color parameters (L*, a*, b*) and opacity of PP nanocomposites were measured with a spectrophotometer. Mechanical properties were analyzed with a universal testing machine (UTM) and Charpy impact test. The thermal behavior of MgFeAl-LDH/PP nanocomposites was studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of LDH/PP nanocomposites was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A decrease in melt viscosity and increase in burning rate were observed in the case of iron (Fe)-based PP nanocomposites. A decrease in mechanical properties interpreted as increased catalytic degradation was also observed in iron (Fe)-containing PP nanocomposites. Such types of LDH/PP nanocomposites can be useful where faster degradation or faster recycling of polymer nanocomposites is required because of environmental issues.

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Wang, Shao Hui, and Shao Ming Yang. "Preparation and Characterization of PP-g -GMS -St For PP/O-MMT Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1143.

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A new compatibilizer with polypropylene as matrix, Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and styrene(St) as functional group was prepared, and its effect on the properties of polypropylene(PP)/montmorillonite(MMT) nanocomposites was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the GMS and St monomers had successfully been grafted on the backbone of PP. The characterization results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) pointed out the crystallite size perpendicular to the crystal plane in PP/ compatibilizer / MMT nanocomposites was smaller than that of PP. Through detecting of transmission electron microscope(TEM), it can be found that the new compatibilizer will improve the dispersibility of MMT in PP matrix. At last, the mechanic properties of PP/MMT nanocomposite materials get determination, the mechanical strength especially impact strength had a obvious progress when O-MMT was added, and its maximal value impact strength appears in the 3% montmorillonite and 20% compatibilizer.

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Yadav, Raghvendra Singh, Anju, Thaiskang Jamatia, Ivo Kuřitka, Jarmila Vilčáková, David Škoda, Pavel Urbánek, et al. "Excellent, Lightweight and Flexible Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene with MnFe2O4 Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles and Reduced Graphene Oxide." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122481.

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In this work, various tunable sized spinel ferrite MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (namely MF20, MF40, MF60 and MF80) with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were embedded in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. The particle size and structural feature of magnetic filler MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were controlled by sonochemical synthesis time 20 min, 40 min, 60 min and 80 min. As a result, the electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of developed nanocomposites MF20-RGO-PP, MF40-RGO-PP, MF60-RGO-PP and MF80-RGO-PP were also controlled by tuning of magnetic/dielectric loss. The maximum value of total shielding effectiveness (SET) was 71.3 dB for the MF80-RGO-PP nanocomposite sample with a thickness of 0.5 mm in the frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz). This lightweight, flexible and thin nanocomposite sheet based on the appropriate size of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide demonstrates a high-performance advanced nanocomposite for cutting-edge electromagnetic interference shielding application.

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50

Payandehpeyman, J., GH Majzoobi, and R. Bagheri. "Experimental and analytical investigations into the effects of inorganic filler on the polypropylene nanocomposite microhardness." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 11 (April 20, 2016): 1484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705716644668.

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In the present study, polypropylene/nanoclay (PP/NC) and polypropylene/nano-calcium carbonate (PP/CC) nanocomposites with different weight percentages of filler were prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The effects of nanoparticles content on the nanocomposite were studied using the hardness measured under the applied loads in the range of 10–100 gf. It was observed that the microhardness increases with an increase in the nanofiller weight percentage. The hardness reaches its maximum for 1 wt% and 3 wt% for PP/NC and PP/CC, respectively. The results of the present study are evaluated by analytical methods proposed by Marsh and Tabor. For this purpose, mechanical properties of PP nanocomposites were obtained by uniaxial tensile and compression tests. The results were incorporated in Tabor and Marsh formula. According to the analytical methods, the results obtained from compression test were more accurate than those obtained from tensile test. In addition, variation of H/ Y ratio ( H and Y are microhardness and yield stress, respectively) versus the filler content under different applied loads was obtained. Finally, the Marsh model is modified in this work. The modified model proves more accurate in prediction of microhardness and H/ Y ratio of PP nanocomposite at different applied loadings. The new proposed model correlates the yield stress, elastic modulus, and the applied load to microhardness.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylene nanocomposite'

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