Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polypropylene film'
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Brown, Robert Winston, and rwb@rmit edu au. "Electrical and Thermal Modelling of Low Power Metallised Polypropylene Capacitors." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.155318.
Full textRaukola, Jaakko I. "A new technology to manufacture polypropylene foam sheet and biaxially oriented foam film /." Espoo : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1998. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/1998/P361.pdf.
Full textFujiyama-Novak, Jane Hitomi. "The Role of Nanoclay on the Deformation Behavior of Polypropylene/Maleic Anhydride Modified Polypropylene Films and Fibers in Full and Partially Molten State Processing." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1247696958.
Full textMourao, Isabel de Maria Cardoso Gonsalves. "Analysis of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) growth and development in response to microclimate under direct plastic film crop covers." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262637.
Full textKomarova, O. P., and I. Y. Korneev. "Development of a new sticky material for medical adhesive plaster." Thesis, Харківський національний медичний університет, 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19466.
Full textFalher, Thierry. "Post-greffage de la n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone sur un film de polypropylene modifie par un plasma froid d'azote." Le Mans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LEMA1005.
Full textCastejón, Galán María del Pilar. "Development of mono and multilayer membranes of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene copolymers via cast film extrusion and stretching." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672703.
Full textEn esta tesis doctoral se investiga el método extrusión en fundido, recocido y estiramiento uniaxial (MEAUS, por sus siglas en inglés) para el desarrollo de membranas microporosas. Este método para la preparación de muestras porosas no parte de ninguna solución líquida de polímero, si no que un proceso basado en el estiramiento de películas hechas a partir de termoplásticos semicristalinos que contienen una estructura no esferulítica denominada estructura "row-nucleated" (estructura nucleada en fila o de lamelas apiladas). La primera parte de esta tesis está dedicada a establecer un conjunto de requisitos iniciales basados en la capacidad de diferentes poliolefinas para la formación de membranas microporosas. Se estudió la influencia de la composición y estructura del polímero en su proceso de cristalización seleccionando distintos grados comerciales de polipropileno homopolímero, con diferentes promedios de peso molecular, así como un polipropileno con ramificación de cadena larga. En las membranas hechas a partir de polipropilenos de menor peso molecular se obtuvieron valores más bajos tanto de porosidad como de permeabilidad. Bajo las mismas condiciones de procesamiento, el mayor tiempo de relajación de las resinas con mayor peso molecular constituyó un factor clave a la hora de mantener la orientación molecular deseada. En la segunda parte de este trabajo de investigación se seleccionaron dos tipos de copolimero de propileno-etileno (copolimero heterofásico y copolimero al azar), con el objetivo de estudiar la influencia de esta segunda fase y su distribución a lo largo de la cadena principal del material. La mayoría de los polímeros investigados han tenido la capacidad de desarrollar la estructura de lamelas apiladas "row-nucleated" aplicando las condiciones óptimas de procesado. Teniendo en cuenta las diferentes etapas de fabricación de las que consta este método, se ha realizado un estudio en profundidad sobre la influencia que tiene tanto la relación de estirado aplicada durante el proceso de extrusión, como la de las etapas de recocido y estiramiento uniaxial en el desarrollo de la estructura porosa. Tras el recocido de las muestras, los films son sometidos a una etapa de estiramiento a dos temperaturas diferentes. En primer lugar, el film recocido es estirado uniaxialmente a baja temperatura con el fin de nuclear poros en el interior de la estructura cristalina. Posteriormente, la misma muestra es estirada uniaxialmente a mayor temperatura con el objetivo de agrandar el tamaño promedio de poro. En esta tesis también se ha evaluado el efecto que tiene la variable de temperatura en las etapas de extrusión, recocido y estiramiento. La última sección de esta tesis está dedicada a determinar el efecto de la incorporación de distintas cargas minerales (CaCO3 y talco) en la cristalización y el comportamiento mecánico de membranas multicapa polipropileno / polietileno de alta densidad. Este sistema multicapa se puede obtener mediante diferentes métodos de procesado tales como la laminación y la coextrusión, los cuales permiten combinar la temperatura de fusión más baja del PE con la resistencia a la alta temperatura del PP. El proceso de cristalización y orientación de las muestras se vio afectado tanto por las variables descritas anteriormente, como por los mecanismos de nucleación y cristalización producidas por la presencia de las cargas minerales. En estas muestras compuestas se observó la presencia de poros de mayor tamaño fruto de la combinación de dos fenómenos distintos. Por un lado, la separación lamelar producida durante las etapas de estiramiento uniaxial y por otro, la separación producida entre las cargas inorgánicas y la matriz de polímero tras ser sometidos ambos a esfuerzos externos. La presencia de aglomerados en estos materiales compuestos influyó tanto en las propiedades mecánicas, como en el tamaño promedio y distribución de poros
Fratini, Christopher M. "Study of the Morphology and Optical Properties of Propylene/Ethylene Copolymer Films." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27211.
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Go, Eubert C. "Effects of oligomer-to-monomer ratio on ink film properties of white UV-curable gravure ink for printing on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10927.
Full textMacedo, Laurenn Borges de. "Painéis compósitos híbridos de alta densidade fabricados a partir de partícula de madeira e de película de polipropileno biorientado: avaliação de propriedades para empregabilidade como piso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-28112018-094335/.
Full textConsumerist way of life, present in modern society, is directly related to residues problem generated by economic sector activity, both in production and in post-consumption of these goods. In this context, it is possible to consider food sector as responsible for large polymer waste (plastics) production, quite used in packaging production. These recycling polymers constitutes one of the main solutions for this material reutilization, however, not every polymer type has large-scale recycling in Brazil. As in the case of biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP), which although very employed, is an example of polymeric material not prioritized by scavengers cooperatives and scrappers because it is not yet of interest to national recycling industry, given its composition characteristics. One possibility for BOPP reuse is agglomerated panels production of wood particles in consortium with such material. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the potentiality of hybrid panels produced from wood waste and BOPP particles and polyurethane resin based on castor oil for use as flooring in buildings, by means of laboratory tests of their physical and mechanical performance. Results found were: 768 kg/m³ for density; 1.63% for swelling in thickness (2h) and 4.03% (24h); 8.3% for water absorption (2h) and 19.95% (24h); porosity 41.01%; 0.48 MPa of internal bond; 716.88 N of resistance to screw pullout to face and 950.81 N of top; 2.96 μm of surface roughness; 0.2145 mm in thickness loss by abrasion; 0.28 mm in indentation by ball drop; 0.057 mm of indentations for loads in small areas; 0.319 mm of indentation by rolling load; coefficient of static friction 0.372 and dynamic 0.231. Results achieved for tests carried out demonstrate that hybrid wood and BOPP particle panels developed in this work high potentiality.
Pehlivan, Hilal Tıhmınlıoğlu Funda. "Preparation and characterization of polypropylene based composite films /." S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000018.pdf.
Full textMohebbi, Abolfazl, and Abolfazl Mohebbi. "Optimization of polypropylene cellular films for piezoelectric applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27391.
Full textCette thèse comporte deux objectifs principaux: la production en continu de films de polypropylène (PP) moussés ayant une structure cellulaire de forme oculaire, suivie par la préparation de films PP ferroélectrets par décharge corona pour des applications piézoélectriques. Dans la première partie de ce travail, une production en continu par extrusion-calandrage a été développée pour produire des films de PP moussés pour des applications piézoélectriques. Le système est basé sur un moussage physique en utilisant de l'azote supercritique (SC-N2) et le carbonate de calcium (CaCO3) comme agent de nucléation. Les paramètres de mise en œuvre (conception de vis, profil de température, agent gonflant et de nucléation ainsi que leur contenu, et la vitesse d'étirement) ont été optimisés pour obtenir une forme spécifique (oculaire) comme structure cellulaire avec une distribution uniforme de la taille des cellules. Les résultats ont montré qu'une structure cellulaire avec un plus grand rapport d'aspect (AR) des cellules possède un plus faible module de Young, ce qui est approprié pour les films cellulaires piézoélectriques. Dans la deuxième partie, des films PP ferroélectrets ont été produits. Suite à l'optimisation du procédé de décharge corona (tension de charge, distance de l'aiguille, temps de charge), les propriétés piézoélectriques des films obtenus ont été caractérisées et le coefficient piézoélectrique quasi-statique d33 a produit une valeur de 550 pC/N. Afin de mieux caractériser le comportement du film, l’analyse mécanique dynamique (DMA) a été proposée comme une méthode simple pour relier les propriétés piézoélectriques des films PP cellulaires à leur morphologie (taille, géométrie et densité des cellules). Finalement, grâce à un post-traitement basé sur la saturation du film PP moussé avec le SC-N2, une procédure en température et pression a été développée afin d’améliorer la structure cellulaire (cellules plus allongées). Ce traitement a permis d’augmenter de 45% le coefficient d33 (800 pC/N).
This thesis is composed of two main objectives: the continuous production of thin foamed polypropylene (PP) films having an eye-like cellular structure, followed by the preparation of ferroelectret PP films through corona discharge for piezoelectric applications. In the first part of this work, a continuous extrusion-calendaring setup was developed to produce PP foamed films for piezoelectric applications. The setup is based on physical foaming using supercritical nitrogen (SC-N2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as nucleating agent. The processing parameters (screw design, temperature profile, blowing agent and nucleating agent content, and stretching speed) were optimized to achieve a specific stretched eye-like cellular structure with a uniform cell size distribution. The results showed that a cellular structure with higher cell aspect ratio (AR) has lower Young’s modulus, which is appropriate for piezoelectric cellular films. In the second part, ferroelectret PP films were produced. After optimization of the corona discharge process (charging voltage, needle distance, charging time), the piezoelectric properties of the resulting films were characterized and the optimum quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficient value was 550 pC/N. To better characterize the film behavior, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was proposed as a simple method to relate the piezoelectric properties of the cellular PP films to their morphology (cell size, geometry and density). Finally, through a post-processing treatment based on the saturation of the foamed PP film with SC-N2, a temperature-pressure procedure was developed to improve the cellular structure (more stretched eye-like cells). This treatment was shown to increase by 45% the d33 coefficient (800 pC/N).
This thesis is composed of two main objectives: the continuous production of thin foamed polypropylene (PP) films having an eye-like cellular structure, followed by the preparation of ferroelectret PP films through corona discharge for piezoelectric applications. In the first part of this work, a continuous extrusion-calendaring setup was developed to produce PP foamed films for piezoelectric applications. The setup is based on physical foaming using supercritical nitrogen (SC-N2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as nucleating agent. The processing parameters (screw design, temperature profile, blowing agent and nucleating agent content, and stretching speed) were optimized to achieve a specific stretched eye-like cellular structure with a uniform cell size distribution. The results showed that a cellular structure with higher cell aspect ratio (AR) has lower Young’s modulus, which is appropriate for piezoelectric cellular films. In the second part, ferroelectret PP films were produced. After optimization of the corona discharge process (charging voltage, needle distance, charging time), the piezoelectric properties of the resulting films were characterized and the optimum quasi-static piezoelectric d33 coefficient value was 550 pC/N. To better characterize the film behavior, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was proposed as a simple method to relate the piezoelectric properties of the cellular PP films to their morphology (cell size, geometry and density). Finally, through a post-processing treatment based on the saturation of the foamed PP film with SC-N2, a temperature-pressure procedure was developed to improve the cellular structure (more stretched eye-like cells). This treatment was shown to increase by 45% the d33 coefficient (800 pC/N).
Pepper, Randy E. "Application of polarized refractometry to isotactic polypropylene films and sheets." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10988.
Full textRoy, Saroj K. (Saroj Kumar). "Dynamic mechanical relaxations of ultradrawn polyethylene and polypropylene films." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72813.
Full textIp, Weng Fai. "Fundamental studies of ink adhesion on industrial polypropylene films." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489506.
Full textTortai, Jean-Hervé. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l'autocicatrisation d'un film de polypropylène métallisé." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10223.
Full textPepper, Randy E. "A structure-property study in real-time of the tensile deformation of oriented polypropylene thin films." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10987.
Full textRusso, Florence. "Matériaux multicaloriques : Application à de nouveaux systèmes de refroidissement." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0097/document.
Full textThe cooling sector is in constant expansion, the current system is based on the compression/decompression of fluids. In front of environmental and economic problems of this system (nature of frigorigen fluids and their recycling, noise and vibration issues, restrictive regulations), new alternative technological solutions emerge. Thus this thesis provides new cooling systems based on the magnetocaloric and electrocaloric effects respectively present in thin films of fluoropolymer and composites with polymer matrix and magnetocaloric loads. Through physicochemical, electrical, electrocaloric and magnetocaloric characterizations, this work intends to identify the origin of electrocaloric effect in thin terpolymer films P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) which is a ferroelectric relaxor, but also to study the influence of the magnetocaloric particles La(Fe,Si)H dispersion in a polymer matrix of poly(propylene) on the magnetocaloric phenomenon. In addition, as part of this thesis, a direct measurement device of the electrocaloric effect was developed with Dr. Basso from the INRIM of Turin. The comparison with the indirect measurement method comes up with this phenomenon from a thermodynamic point of view to take stock of the validity of thermodynamic assumptions used in the case of a ferroelectric polymer relaxor
Kurkcu, Pinar. "Modification Of Polypropylene Films For Antistatic And Anti-scratch Properties." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609067/index.pdf.
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s modulus of the polypropylene films. In addition, tensile strength and elongation at break of polypropylene films were enhanced significantly with insertion of the additives regardless of the additive type.
Jay, Frédéric. "Etude de la cristallisation de polypropylènes en écoulement : Application à la modélisation du procédé d'extrusion de film à plat - propriétés mécaniques résultantes." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0626.
Full textDuffo, Pierre. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du procède de fabrication de films minces de polypropylène par extrusion-bietirage." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0241.
Full textEl-Husseini, Mohamad-Hussein. "Amélioration de la fiabilité des condensateurs à films polypropylène métallisés." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10265.
Full textGilbert-Tremblay, Hugues. "Fabrication, caractérisation et optimisation de films cellulaires piézoélectriques en polypropylène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25628.
Full textCellular piezoelectric polypropylene films have received a lot of interest over the last ten years thanks to their multiple advantages, mainly their piezoelectric coefficient comparable to the ones of traditional piezoelectric materials, their low cost of production and their malleability. Such films are fabricated by biaxial stretching of polypropylene sheets loaded with mineral filler previously obtained by extrusion. Despite the relative simplicity of this process, few information is available in the open literature about the influence of the manufacturing parameters on the piezoelectric effect. During the first steps, care must be given to polymer crystallinity, distribution and dispersion of the minerals and initial cellular morphology. The first article of the present work details the fabrication process and the effect of its different parameters. Then the films are inflated by a pressure treatment to optimize the cellular structure. When the film structure is done, the cellular films are charged by an exterior electric field. The latter step renders the film piezoelectric. For the second part of this work, the piezoelectric effect is characterized by dielectric resonance spectroscopy to determine the optimal density ratio and to compare the effects on piezoelectricity of different film parameters such as film thickness, final density and cell heights distribution. For this project, cellular polypropylene piezoelectric films were produced in industrial-like conditions with focus on the manufacturing parameters. With a weight fraction of 20% of industrial grade 12 µm CaCO3 and a slow cool down at 0,78°C/min following pressing, piezoelectric coefficients reached 216 pC/N for an optimal density ratio between 0,70 and 0,75.
Capt, Ludovic. "Simultaneous biaxial stretching of isotactic polypropylene films in the partly molten state." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82839.
Full textSimultaneous equibiaxial stretching was found to be homogeneous for sufficiently high deformation rates ( 3&d2;H > 0.1 s-1). The stiffness and the thermal stability of the crystallites played an important role in deformation behavior. In fact, the biaxial yield stress showed linear dependence on the crystallite size. Upon simultaneous equibiaxial deformation, crystallinity and especially orientation increased, while crystallite size decreased. The isotacticity content was found to influence greatly the thermal stability of the initial morphology. Increasing isotacticity leads to an increase in DSC melting peak temperature of the initial morphology, overall stress of deformation, and in the final crystallinity, orientation, elastic modulus, and tensile strength of the end film. Finally, it was concluded that the crystalline phase, that melts during preheating prior to stretching forms a "structured melt" phase. The amount of structured melt is related to the tensile strength at break of the end film. Finally, it was showed that an optimal gloss is obtained, if the cast film is stretched about 15°C below its melting point.
Woods, Courtney G. "Role of nano-particles on crystalline orientation in polypropylene/clay nanocomposite films." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180242/unrestricted/woods%5Fcourtney%5Fg%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.
Full textBodalia, Raj. "An investigation of the "walking" behavior in the manufacturing of biaxially oriented polypropylene films /." Online version of thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10691.
Full textLanghe, Deepak. "POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION IN DROPLETS AND CONFINED LAYERS USING MULTILAYERED FILMS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1317931856.
Full textBlanc, Patrice. "Etude de l'adhésion entre encre polyacrylate aqueuse et des films de polypropylène traités par décharge électrique." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0676.
Full textGuilet, Stéphane. "Amélioration et caractérisation de l'autocicatrisation dans les condensateurs à films de polypropylène métallisés." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2108.
Full textIn this study, we describe a way to improve self-healing in metallized polypropylene (PP) films capacitors. A PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Depositon) thin nitride organosilicon (or SiNOCH) coating is deposited on the surface of the PP film just before the metallization with zinc. The low pressure and high density plasma is inductively coupled and the gas mixture is made with HMDSO (hexamethyldisiloxane) and N2. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectrometry) measurements are leading to the characterization of the composition and the structure of the thin coatings, while OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) provides information on the composition of the gaseous phase. Then, we have measured the current and voltage variations during self-healing and the size of the demetallized surface. Evidence has been made that a thin SiNOCH coating is useful since it allows to divide by a factor three the electrical energy needed for self-healing. In order to understand self-healing mechanisms, we analyzed the self-healed metallized polypropylene film surface by chemical imaging and spatially resolved XPS. The self-healing process leads to a cleared PP surface around the breakdown point. Moreover, a fraction of the coatings SiNOCH and Zn is deposited at the frontier between the cleared surface and the metallized surface
Caldas, Victor. "Morphology, physical and tensile properties of quench-cooled isotactic polypropylene films and spunbonded fabrics." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40026.
Full textCross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor morphological changes in the purely crystalline phase of quench-cooled iPP films and spunbonded fabrics during annealing. The spectra were obtained using a pulse sequence that incorporates a delay period with a reduced spin locking field prior to cross polarization. Morphological changes occurring within the purely crystalline phase of iPP were related to observations made by DSC. Upon annealing, the CP/MAS NMR spectrum of the purely crystalline phase of both iPP samples changed by a redistribution in the intensity of the various peaks within a given carbon resonance. This redistribution of intensity was found to reflect the conversion from the $ alpha sb1$ to the $ alpha sb2$ monoclinic crystal forms. It is shown that the double melting endotherm observed by DSC for the spunbonded fabrics is due to the exothermicity which is associated with this conversion. It is concentrated in the temperature region between 156 and 163$ sp circ$C.
The tensile properties of the spunbonded iPP fabrics and fibers were enhanced by the dispersion of a silica/silicone additive and by changing the resin characteristics. This additive acts as a nucleating agent for iPP under isothermal crystallization conditions. This nucleating ability manifests itself in smaller crystal sizes and higher nucleation densities in the iPP fibers and bond points. The improved tensile properties are attributed to the smaller crystal sizes which form a more homogeneously dispersed crystalline phase in the amorphous phase as well as to increase the number of load-bearing tie molecules.
Atik, İsa Doğan Tıhmınlıoğlu Funda. "Preparation And Characterization of Corn Zein Coated Polypropylene (PP) Films For Food Packaging Applications/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/kimyamuh/T000611.pdf.
Full textTatoulian, Michaël. "Role des proprietes d'un plasma hors equilibre he et nh#3 dans l'amelioration de l'adhesion des films de polypropylene - caracterisation physico-chimique des interfaces aluminium/polypropylene." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066737.
Full textFugier, Martine. "Relation microstructure et propriétés mécaniques à différentes vitesses de déformation de films de polypropylène." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10215.
Full textSebillotte, Eric. "Dégradation sous champ électrique alternatif du polypropylène imprégné : influence des époxydes." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0032.
Full textSaid, Sylvere. "Mécanisme de dégradation de films de polypropylène imprégné sous champ électrique en présence d'oxygène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10047.
Full textShahidzadeh, Noushine. "Correlation entre les proprietes acido-basiques des films de polypropylene traites par plasma hors equilibre et les mecanismes d'adhesion." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066390.
Full textBarraud, Thomas. "Caractérisation de la formation de copolymères diblocs promoteurs d'adhésion aux interfaces polyamide 6-polypropylène des films co-extrudés." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112258.
Full textPolypropylene/polyamide 6 (PP/PA6) interfaces are commonly reinforced by diblock PP/PA6 copolymer formed in situ by reaction of maleic anhydride modified PP on the NH2 extremity of PA6 molecules, when the two polymers are melted and pressed into contact. Assemblies formed by moulding have been extensively studied and it has been shown that the efficiency of the copolymer in promoting adhesion was larger when the PP block had a microstructure close to that of the matrix, so that it could co-crystallize with the matrix. The strength of the interface is then ruled by first the number of copolymers per unit area of interface, second, the microstructure of the PP part of the diblock copolymers compared to that of the bulk PP and third, the cooling conditions. A large number of applications of these systems rely on multilayer films formed by co-extrusion processes. In order to be able to implement the numerical simulation with correct parameters concerning the reaction kinetics of the maleic anhydride modified PP on PA6 (with and without an elongational flow increasing the surface of interface and thus diluting the yet formed copolymers), and to better understand the relations between the surface density of copolymers, the cooling kinetics and the crystalline morphology of the PP in the immediate vicinity of the interface (that we analyse by AFM after selective dissolution of the PA6), we have undertaken a systematic investigation of assemblies formed in the lab, under thermal, kinetics and elongational flow conditions representative of the co-extrusion process
Prost, Catherine. "Influence des caractéristiques moléculaires sur l'aptitude au filage du polypropylène les caractéristiques morphologiques des fils et leurs propriétés mécaniques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090654.
Full textProst, Catherine. "Influence des caractéristiques moléculaires sur l'aptitude au filage du polypropylène : les caractéristiques morphologiques des fils et leurs propriétés mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10083.
Full textCabrera, Alvino Géraldine. "Eco-design and processing of recycled multilayer/multiphase polymer materials : Structure-properties-process relationship." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI076.
Full textIn the context of a circular economy, the first works of the thesis were devoted to the study of the processing ability of recycled flexible films from agricultural bale wrapping film's waste. These multilayer films initially contain an additive that gives the final product a sticky character. During recycling, this additive is still present and migrates to the surface. A particular emphasis has been placed on understanding and studying the migration mechanisms of this additive according to the molecular architecture of the polyethylenes used with different branching content. Model blends, with or without mineral fillers, were prepared for this purpose. In addition to morphological and microstructural studies, original experimental methodologies have been set up to study the migration/diffusion kinetics with tribo-rheometry and film surface's "tack" monitoring devices. As for the rheological behaviour in shear and elongation, it is influenced by the presence of this additive. The second part of this study was devoted to understanding the realities of the recycling activity of other polypropylene- and polyethylene-based multilayer films. Given the complexity of these materials, we chose to study equivalent model blends by combining them with physical compatibilizers. The influence of the latter on the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties was then evaluated. This study was then transposed to postconsumption multiphase systems. The last studies were devoted to a future-oriented approach. This involves going from eco-design to the development of easily recyclable multimicro/ nanolayers. The originality of this study consists in limiting the number of constituents, reducing/controlling the thickness of the layers and avoiding the use of tie-layers. Finally, their rheological, morphological and mechanical properties have been evaluated according to number and type of mechanical recycling cycles
Garnier, Louis. "Relations entre élaboration, structure et propriétés de mélanges de polypropylènes isotactique et syndiotactique : application aux procédés d'élaboration de fils élastiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10074/document.
Full textThis study deals with the production of new elastic fibers based on immiscible isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) blends suitable for textile applications, in particular for the production of resilient non-wovens that could substitute flexible PU foams. Structure-properties relationships of iPP/sPP blends prepared by a melt blending process were investigated through morphological and structural studies, including a molecular dynamics study using solid-state NMR. A strong relationship between the mechanical properties of the iPP/sPP blends and their morphology was evidenced and strong interactions between amorphous and crystalline phases of the components were found. The study of iPP/sPP blends melt-spinning showed that blends presenting a concentration in sPP higher than 70 % can not be easily melt-spun because of the slow crystallization rate of the sPP. On the other hand, the elastic properties iPP/sPP multifilaments increased with their concentration in sPP and a maximal elastic recovery of 56 % was obtained for 30/70 multifilaments. In order to go further and to optimize the melt-spinning process, a non isothermal crystallization kinetic study of iPP/sPP blends was carried out. A reduction of the difference between iPP and sPP crystallization rates was shown when the cooling rate increase and thus this parameter has to be optimized in order to process fibers with high sPP content and thus with increased elastic properties. The study of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics data with kinetics models also led to a characterization of the evolution of crystallization mechanisms for iPP and sPP as a function of iPP/sPP blends composition
Kiparissoff-Bondil, Hélène. "Etude de l'adhésion aux interfaces Polypropylène/ Polyamide-6 : rôle des copolymères formés in situ en situation de recuits courts représentatifs des assemblages coextrudés." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066372.
Full textAulagner, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et étude des propriétés diélectriques de films minces de polyfluorure de vinylidène et de polypropylène chargés d'une céramique à haute permittivité relative." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET4002.
Full textOliveira, Jener de. "Estudo de aditivação em massa ou por recobrimento de filme de BOPP em compostos orgânicos e nanopartículas anti UV." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266668.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Filmes poliméricos são amplamente utilizados no setor alimentício e médico hospitalar e as principais aplicações são como embalagens, substratos para fitas e curativos. A escolha do melhor material está intrinsecamente ligada às suas propriedades e também ao custo de cada polímero. Por isso é extremamente relevante a preocupação com o processo de degradação, que influencia diretamente as propriedades dos polímeros e é o resultado do ataque físico e/ou químico proporcionado pelo ambiente (temperatura, umidade, radiações ionizantes), tempo de exposição e condições de processamento e de serviço. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a prevenção destes processos degradativos em filmes de polipropileno bi-orientado - BOPP, polímero comercialmente atraente pela sua versatilidade, por meio do uso de aditivos antioxidantes e de absorvedores de radiação UV comerciais, estes últimos na forma de compostos orgânicos e de nanopartículas inorgânicas, aplicados no filme em massa ou em recobrimentos especialmente formulados para este fim. O uso do recobrimento teria ainda como vantagem adicional, a possibilidade de aplicação durante o processo de impressão, protegendo não só o filme como também as cores da impressão, permitindo, além disso, a partir de um filme commodity e formulações de recobrimento feitas sob medida para cada cliente, inclusive de pequeno porte, a obtenção de filmes especiais a um menor custo. Amostras de filmes preparados foram envelhecidas artificialmente e naturalmente e suas propriedades foram monitoradas em ensaios de resistência à tração (tensão na ruptura e alongamento), medida do índice de carbonila por espectroscopia de infravermelho, medida da absorção de radiação ultravioleta por meio de espectrofotometria de UV/visível e análise térmica (temperatura de transição vítrea e de fusão). O trabalho gerou resultados promissores, conclusão obtida pela análise dos ensaios mecânicos, sendo que a tensão de ruptura de um dos filmes aditivados no recobrimento, submetido ao intemperismo por 24 semanas, foi de 1,5 kg/cm versus 1 kg/cm no filme virgem (sem aditivos) submetido a 11 semanas. Houve redução na taxa de degradação medida nos ensaios de absorção de infravermelho, sendo o índice de carbonila mantido a patamares de 0,01 para filmes aditivados versus 0,7 para filmes não aditivados, quando sujeitos a degradação acelerada em equipamento QUV. Houve aumento da absorção de radiação ultravioleta em até 75% comparativamente ao filme virgem, resultado obtido pela adição de absorvedores orgânicos ou também de nanopartículas de óxido metálico
Abstract: Polymeric films are very used on products for food and hospital markets, mainly for packaging, adhesive tapes backing and dressings. The material's choose for both markets are done based on polymer properties and cost. Due this reason, it is too relevant to worry with degradation of material that influences the polymer properties. The degradation process comes from chemical and physical attack. An example is the environmental conditions, like temperature, humidity, radiation, exposure time and process/service conditions. This work looked for to evaluate and to prevent this degradation process that occur on bi-oriented polypropylene films (BOPP) through the use of different additives, like antioxidants and UV absorbers, organic compounds/inorganic nanopartículas, that can be applied on the film by different process, like inside its matrix or through varnish coatings. Samples of said films was aged on different conditions, natural or accelerated aged, and its properties was evaluated through different techniques, like tension/elongation, carbonyl index, FTIR, UV-Vis absorbance and thermo analysis (TGA, DSC). Through these techniques, it was evaluated the achieved protection grade of the film when treated by: UV absorber and Antioxidant applied by coating varnish UV absorber and antioxidant applied inside its matrix Nanoparticle of ZnO applied inside its matrix. The coating with varnishes can be easily made by a printing process. This process to protect the film was chosen in the work in order to study its influence to protect not only the film, but also the inks printed over it, allowing the use of a commodity film. This way, it is possible to get a tailor-made film, in order to achieve desired properties with a low cost process. It was possible to achieve promising results. This conclusion was made based on the tests results, like: the tensile strength analysis of films subjected to weather aging for 24 weeks shown results of 1.5 kg/cm against 1 kg/cm of virgin film aged during 11weeks; FTIR shown a reduction on the polymer degradation rate measured by infrared absorption; the carbonyl index of films with additives, when submitted to QUV or weather aging, maintained at levels of 0.01 versus 0.7 of virgin polymers; it was possible to achieve 75% of UV absorption if compared to virgin film. All the different additives and process conditions presented some advantage if compared with virgin polymer, as presented by this work
Mestrado
Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais
Mestre em Engenharia Química
André, Valérie. "Modifications des propriétés de l'interface aluminium-polypropylène par un prétraitement des films dans un plasma d'azote basse pression en configuration couronne. Application a l'adhésion." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066376.
Full textAudet, Éric. "Films cellulaires en polypropylène chargé de talc et de carbonate de calcium utilisés comme matériaux piézoélectriques : optimisation de la structure cellulaire par étirage bi-axial et par gonglement sous atmosphère d'azote." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26134.
Full textPiezoelectric cellular films have been developed, by bi-axial stretching followed by controlled cell inflation, from composite polypropylene (PP) films filled with mineral particles of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and talc. An exhaustive literature review was done to identify the optimum values for the parameters describing the cellular structure promoting piezoelectricity. The most important morphological parameters associated with the structural stiffness of the films, which is inversely proportional to the piezoelectric coefficient, are: cell aspect ratio (a/b), cell thickness (b) and cell wall thickness (t). To optimize the cellular structure created during the bi-axial stretching step, PP films filled with CaCO3 and talc particles of different sizes and shapes were stretched at different temperatures and then underwent a gas diffusion expansion to improve the cell morphology. Initially, 0.9 mm sheets of PP/CaCO3 (12 μm, spherical), PP/CaCO3 (6 μm, spherical), PP/CaCO3 (3 μm, spherical) and PP/talc (10 μm, platy) were extruded before being bi-axially stretched at 152, 155, 158 and 160°C under a stretching rate of 2.4 m/min in both directions. The gas diffusion expansion treatment of the resulting films was done with nitrogen at 130°C. The cell morphology analysis was done from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images to quantify a/b, b and t. It was observed that films made of PP/CaCO3 (3 μm) did not yield any cells. However, those made from PP/CaCO3 (12 μm) and stretched at 152°C had the best cellular structure when the CaCO3 concentration was 35% wt. The best morphology (t = 3.6 μm, a/b = 5.6 and b = 13.6 μm) was achieved within the targeted values to optimize piezoelectric properties. It was found that the ultimate stress during stretching depends on the cellular quality of the resulting film and that, independent of the size of CaCO3 or talc particles, their concentration or the stretching temperature. It was also observed that the stretching ratio at which the ultimate stress was obtained was always around 3.5. This suggested that both the stretching speed and the polymer matrix were responsible for the stretching ratio at which delamination occurs. As expected, particle concentration and their size were shown to be inversely proportional to cell wall thickness, but proportional to the number of cells observed and to their height. Decreasing the stretching temperature amplified the respective effects of the cell morphology associated with particles size and concentration.
Ferrer, Balas Dídac. "Aplicación del método del trabajo esencial de fractura al estudio de films de polipropileno y de copolímeros propileno-etileno en bloques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6033.
Full textEn una primera part, s'estudien les condicions òptimes d'assaig de la técnica EWF per aplicar-la a films de polímers dúctils, analitzant la influència de variables d'assaig com són les dimensions de la proveta, la velocitat d'assaig o el mode de fractura.
En una segona part, s'ha estudiat la relació entre els paràmetres de fractura obtinguts mitjançant la tècnica EWF i diferents propietats referents a l'estructura del material. Entre aquestes, s'ha analitzat la influència de les característiques cristal·lines, modificades per un procés de recuit previ als assajos, i del contingut d'etilè a diferents temperatures d'assaig. S'han aplicat nombroses tècniques de caracterització tant mecàniques i de fractura com físico-químiques.
Els resultats mostren que el mètode EWF s'adapta bé a la necessitat de caracteritzar la fractura de films polimèrics, i permet estudiar la relació entre la seva estructura i les propietats de fractura que presenten. Alhora, es plantegen diferents modificacions del mètode que permeten potenciar les seves possibilitats. S'observa que al millorar la perfecció cristalina dels materials estudiats, el terme essencial augmenta en detriment del terme no essencial. També es demostra que la presència d'etilè en els EPBC minimitza la gran dependència que presenten les propietats de fractura del PP homopolímer en variar la temperatura, i es relaciona aquest comportament amb els canvis dels mecanismes de deformació predominants en el material.
En este trabajo, se presenta el estudio de las propiedades de fractura de films de polipropileno (PP) y copolímeros etileno-propileno (EPBC) por medio de la técnica del Trabajo Esencial de Fractura (EWF). Esta técnica se muestra como una alternativa muy adaptada para la aplicación de la Mecánica de la Fractura en films dúctiles, y permite separar la energía total de fractura en un término esencial, que hace referencia al trabajo real de fractura, y un término no esencial, relativo a la disipación de energía de deformación plástica alrededor del camino de fractura.
En una primera parte, se estudian las condiciones óptimas de ensayo de la técnica WF para aplicarla a films de polímeros dúctiles, estudiando la influencia de variables de ensayo como son las dimensiones de probeta, la velocidad de ensayo o el modo de fractura.
En una segunda parte, se ha estudiado la relación entre los parámetros de fractura obtenidos mediante la técnica EWF y distintas propiedades referentes a la estructura del material. Entre éstas, se ha analizado la influencia de las características cristalinas, modificadas por un proceso de recocido previo a los ensayos, y del contenido de etileno a diferentes temperaturas de ensayo. Se han aplicado numerosas técnicas de caracterización, tanto mecánicas y de fractura como físico-químicas.
Los resultados muestran que el método EWF se adapta bien a la necesidad de caracterizar la fractura de films poliméricos, y permite estudiar la relación entre su estructura y las propiedades de fractura que presentan. También se plantean diferentes modificaciones del método que permiten potenciar sus posibilidades. Se observa que al mejorar la perfección cristalina de los materiales estudiados, el término esencial aumenta en detrimento del término no esencial. También se demuestra que la presencia de etileno en los EPBC minimiza la gran dependencia que presentan las propiedades de fractura del PP homopolímero al variar la temperatura, y se relaciona este comportamiento con los cambios de los mecanismos de deformación predominantes en el material.
In this work, the study of the fracture properties of polypropylene (PP) and ethylene-propylene block copolymers (EPBC) films by means of the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method is presented. This method is considered as a suitable alternative for applying Fracture Mechanics to ductile films, allowing the separation of the total fracture energy into two different items: an essential term, related to the actual fracture work, and a non essential term, related to the plastic deformation energy dissipation occurring in the region surrounding the fracture path.
In a first part, the optimal EWF method test conditions for ductile plastic films are studied, by analysing the influence of such test variables as the specimen dimensions, the test rate or the fracture mode.
In a second part, the relationship between the fracture parameters obtained by applying the EWF method and different materials structural properties are studied. Among these properties, the influence of the crystalline characteristics, modified by an annealing process before the tests, and that of the ethylene content at different test temperatures have been analysed.
Various mechanical, fracture and physico-chemical characterisation techniques have been applied.
The results show that the EWF method is very suitable to assess the fracture of polymeric films, and therefore to study the relationship between their structure and the fracture properties that they present. In addition, various modifications of the method are proposed in order to improve its possibilities.
It is observed that as the crystalline perfection grows, the essential term increases but the non-essential term decreases. It is also shown that the ethylene presence in the EPBC minimises the strong temperature dependence shown by the fracture properties of the PP homopolymer. This behaviour is related to the predominant deformation mechanisms in the material.
Cet ouvrage présente l'étude des propriétés de rupture de films de polypropylène (PP) et de copolymères éthylène-propylène en blocs (EPBC) par moyen de la methode du Travail Essentiel de Rupture (EWF). Cette technique se révèle comme une alternative très adaptée à l'application de la Mécanique de la Rupture aux films ductiles, et permet la séparation de l'énergie totale de rupture en un terme essentiel, qui fait référence au travail réel de rupture, et en un terme non essentiel, relatif à la dissipation d'énergie de déformation plastique autour du chemin de rupture.
Dans une première partie, les conditions optimales d'essai de la technique EWF pour l'application aux polymères ductiles sont étudiées, tout en analysant l'influence de variables d'essai telles que les dimensions de l'éprouvette, la vitesse de l'essai, ou le mode de rupture.
La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude de la relation entre les paramètres de rupture obtenus par la méthode EWF et différentes propriétés de la structure du matériau. Parmis celles-ci, nous avons analysé l'influence des caractéristiques cristallines, modifiées par un processus de recuit préalable aux essais, et de l'effet du contenu en éthylène à différentes températures d'essai. Plusieurs techniques de caractérisation, aussi bien mécaniques, que de rupture, que physico-chimiques ont été utilisées.
Les résultats montrent que la méthode EWF est très adaptée à la caractérisation de la rupture de films de polymères, et permet d'étudier la relation entre leur structure et leurs propriétés de rupture. Nous présentons, aussi, différentes approches modifiées de la technique EWF qui permettent d'accroître son potentiel. Il est observé que, quand la perfection cristalline des matériaux étudiés augmente, le terme essentiel augmente lui aussi, mais le terme non essentiel présente une tendance opposée. De même, il est démontré que la présence d'ethylène dans les EPBC a un effet de minimisation de l'importante dépendence que le PP homopolymère présente vis-à-vis de la température, et ce comportement est relié aux changements des mécanismes de déformation prédominants dans le matériau.
Cunha, Renata Nobre da. "Inventário do ciclo de vida do filme BOPP produzido no Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8346.
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Outra
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the possible impacts caused by production processes boost to research methods to better understand and reduce these problems. Assessment Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used technique that seeks to assess the environmental aspects and minimize potential impacts in the life cycle of products or processes. A detailed description of the environmental aspects of the product is called Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), which organizes the input data and output of product or process, considering the raw materials, water and energy consumption, air emissions, liquid effluents, solid waste, among others. Thus, this work presents the ICV flexible polypropylene film (BOPP) produced in Brazil by a company located in the region of Sorocaba, to provide subsidies for the production of BOPP film that contribute to the construction of the LCA database representative of the Brazilian reality. To do this, it used the scope of the "cradle-to-gate", which considers environmental aspects from the extraction of raw materials to the factory gate. They were considered as subsystems of the representative model of the production of BOPP system of petroleum extraction; petroleum refining - production of naphtha; production of propylene; production of PP resin; production of BOPP film; and maritime transport (imported petroleum) and road (PP resin). For the preparation of the inventory, using primary and secondary data, collected in the company producer of BOPP and bibliographical research, respectively. From the inventory analysis, were identified and discussed the most representative environmental aspects (water consumption, energy source and emissions of CO, CO2, particulate matter, SOx, NOx and CxHy) each subsystem inventory of the production of BOPP film under study. The greatest contribution of subsystems for the consumption of water and energy were the production of the resin PP and the production of BOPP film. In all subsystems CO2 emissions was representative, being the propylene production subsystem what else issued, presenting also representing contributions in CO, SOx, NOx and CxHy.
A crescente conscientização sobre a importância da proteção ambiental e dos possíveis impactos causados pelos processos produtivos impulsiona a se pesquisar métodos para melhor compreender e diminuir estes problemas. A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma técnica muito utilizada que busca avaliar os aspectos ambientais e minimizar os impactos potenciais no ciclo de vida de produtos ou processos. A descrição detalhada dos aspectos ambientais chama-se Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV), no qual organiza os dados de entrada e saída de produto ou processo, considerando as matérias-primas, consumo de água e energia, emissões atmosféricas, efluentes líquidos, resíduos sólidos, entre outros. Deste modo, este trabalho apresenta o ICV do filme flexível de polipropileno biorientado (BOPP) produzido no Brasil por uma empresa localizada na região de Sorocaba, para fornecer subsídios referentes à produção do filme de BOPP que contribuam com a construção do banco de dados de ACV representativo da realidade brasileira. Para tal, foi utilizada a abrangência do "berço ao portão", que considera os aspectos ambientais desde a extração das matérias-primas até o portão da fábrica. Foram considerados como subsistemas do modelo representativo do sistema produtivo do BOPP a extração do petróleo; refino do petróleo - produção da nafta; produção do propeno; produção da resina de PP; produção do filme de BOPP; e os transportes marítimo (do petróleo importado) e rodoviário (da resina de PP). Para a elaboração do inventário, utilizou-se dados primários e secundários, coletados na empresa produtora do BOPP e de pesquisas bibliográficas, respectivamente. A partir da análise do inventário, foram identificados e discutidos os aspectos ambientais mais representativos (consumo de água, fonte energética, e emissões de CO, CO2, material particulado, SOx, NOx, e CxHy) a cada subsistema do inventário da produção do filme de BOPP em estudo. Os subsistemas de maior contribuição para o consumo da água e energia foram a produção da resina de PP e a produção do filme de BOPP. Em todos os subsistemas a emissão de CO2 foi representativa, sendo o subsistema da produção do propeno o que mais emitiu, apresentando, também, representativas contribuições nas emissões de CO, SOx, NOx e CxHy.
Kotte, Liliana. "Großflächige Oberflächenmodifizierung mittels Plasmatechnologie bei Atmosphärendruck." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-203126.
Full textSu, Chung-Cheng, and 蘇忠誠. "Effect of Super-structure in Polypropylene Film during Extension process." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54482699942065739892.
Full text國立交通大學
機械工程學系
100
The super-structure in polymer can seriously affect products properties, and thus investigating super-structure properties is the key to improving polymer film quality. Polypropylene film was used to examine the effect of different extension temperature, extension speed and extension rate during polymer film extension process. This study use a lab developed extension device that can change the extension temperature, extension speed and extension rate, and observed the super-structure in polymer film using polarizing optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The experiment shows that polypropylene film exhibits similar kite-shaped and damaged structure during extension process, and the extension temperature and extension rate impact the uniformity of kite-shaped and damaged structure, the structure of polymer film is more uniform under increasing extension temperature .The shape of kite-shaped structures are larger, longer and thinner under high extension rate; on the other hand, the effect of extension speed on polymer structure is not obvious during polymer film extension.