Journal articles: 'Polypropylene Composites Reinforced'

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Lin, Tao, Zheng Wang, and Wen Jing Guo. "Cotton Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.581.

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Cotton stalk is a by-product of cotton planting process, and a great resource as a raw biomass material for manufacturing value-added composite products. The fine structure and fiber size of the cortex, xylem of the cotton stalk were studied in this paper. In addition, a new method for the processing of cotton stalk filament was developed. Composites consisting of polypropylene (PP) and cotton stalk filament were prepared by hot pressing. The effects of PP content and compressing temperature on the mechanical properties of cotton stalk filament /PP composites were studied. The results show that elevated temperatures, all of the composites are substantially stiffer and stronger than that at lower temperature. PP content improves the intensity and adhesion of composites. Simultaneous optimization of composites properties indicates that the composites with PP content of 40% and the compressing temperature of 195°C would sufficient meet the requirements of the GB/T 4897.1-2003 standard. Bio-renewable materials such as cotton stalk can be used as reinforcing materials for plastic composites.

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Karnani, Rajeev, Mohan Krishnan, and Ramani Narayan. "Biofiber-reinforced polypropylene composites." Polymer Engineering & Science 37, no. 2 (February 1997): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11691.

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Yunus, Robiah Bt, N. H. Zahari, M. A. M. Salleh, and Nor Azowa Ibrahim. "Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.652.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of carbon fiber polypropylene composites prepared under various process conditions were investigated. Two different types of polypropylene composites were produced by mixing and compressing the mixtures using hot press. The mixture was prepared by mixing polypropylene with chopped carbon fiber and carbon fiber percentage (wt%) was varied. Mechanical properties investigated were tensile test, impact test, bending test and density test. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the morphology of the composites. The highest tensile strength was obtained for polypropylene (MFI 60) composites reinforced with 10 wt% carbon fiber. The composite also exhibited the best tensile and flexural properties.

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Balogun, Oluwayomi Peter, Adeolu Adesoji Adediran, Joseph Ajibade Omotoyinbo, Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme, and Isiaka Oluwole Oladele. "Evaluation of Water Diffusion Mechanism on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (October 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8865748.

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This study evaluates the water diffusion mechanism on mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced composites. Compounding of the composites into sheets was carried out using the compression moulding techniques by incorporating varying weight percentage of fibers and polypropylene. Mechanical properties of the composites were assessed according to ASTM standards, while the composite fracture surface was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The water absorption behaviour and diffusion mechanisms on mechanical properties of fabricated composites were analysed using a water immersion test and the Fickian diffusion model. The results show that mechanical properties of all polypropylene reinforced composites under dry condition was higher than wet condition. The composites reinforced with 7 wt.% (KOH and NaOH) fibers follow a consistent trend and gave the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus in comparison with pure PP (polypropylene). Addition of fibers into the polypropylene matrix gradually decreases composites impact strength with exception to 3 wt.% and 5 wt.% composites. The hardness properties of reinforced composites were steadily increased as the fiber loading increases which signify strong fiber-matrix bonding. The percentage of water absorbed for all reinforced composites increased as the fiber weight increases and slowly flattened off after 10 days of saturation. The morphological study revealed fiber pullout and delamination of reinforced composites attributed to poor fiber-matrix adhesion amount to water intake. The diffusion transport mechanism of polypropylene composites was observed to obey the Fickian diffusion model.

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Bujjibabu, Gunturu, Vemulapalli Chittaranjan Das, Malkapuram Ramakrishna, and Konduru Nagarjuna. "Development of Banana/Coir Natural Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: The Effect of MA-g-PP (Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene) on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties." Nano Hybrids and Composites 32 (April 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.32.85.

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Banana/Coir fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites was formulated by using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Specimens were prepared untreated and treated B/C Hybrid composites with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP to increase its compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. Both the without MA-g-PP and with MA-g-PP B/C hybrid composites was utilized and three levels of B/C fiber loadings 15/5, 10/10 and 5/15 % were used during manufacturing of B/C reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. In this work mechanical performance (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of untreated and treated (coupling agent) with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite have been investigated. Treated with MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced specimens explored better mechanical properties compared to untreated B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Mechanical tests represents that tensile, flexural and impact strength increases with increase in concentration of coupling agent compared to without coupling agent MA-g-PP hybrid composites . B/C fibers reinforced polymer composites exhibited higher tensile, flexural and impact strength at 5% of Banana fiber, 15% of fiber Coir in the presence of 8% of MA-g-PP compared to 4% of MA-g-PP and untreated hybrid composites. The percentage of water absorption in the B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites resisted due to the presence of coupling agent MA-g-PP and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) also has done.

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Kaushik, Nitish, Ch Sandeep, P. Jayaraman, J. Justin Maria Hillary, V. P. Srinivasan, and M. Abisha Meji. "Finite Element Method-Based Spherical Indentation Analysis of Jute/Sisal/Banana-Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1668924.

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Material hardness of natural fiber composites depends upon the orientation of fibers, ratio of fiber to matrix, and their mechanical and physical properties. Experimentally finding the material hardness of composites is an involved task. The present work attempts to explore the deformation mechanism of natural fiber composites subjected to post-yield indentation by a spherical indenter through a two-dimensional finite element analysis. In the present work, jute-polypropylene, sisal-polypropylene, and banana-polypropylene composites are considered. The analysis is attempted by varying the properties of Young’s modulus of fiber and matrix, diameter of fiber, and horizontal and vertical center distance between the fibers. The analyses results showed that as the distance between the fiber’s center increases, the bearing load capacity of all composite increases nonlinearly. The jute fiber composite shows predominate load-carrying capacity compared to other composites at all L / D ratios and interference ratios. The influence of subsurface stress in lateral direction is minimal and gets reduced as the distance between the fiber centers increases. The variation in diameter of fiber influences significantly, i.e., beyond the L / D ratio of 1.0; for the same contact load ratio, the bearing area support is double for jute-polypropylene composite compared to sisal-polypropylene composite. Compared to the sisal-polypropylene composite, for the same interference ratio, the load-carrying capacity is two times high for banana-polypropylene composite, whereas four times high for jute-polypropylene composite, but this effect decreases as the L / D ratio decreases. In all the composites, the subsurface stress gets distributed as the L / D ratio increases. The ratio of fibers center distance to diameter of fiber influences marginally on the contact load and contact area and significantly on the contact stress for all the fiber-reinforced composites.

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JOLLY, MARC, and KRISHNAN JAYARAMAN. "MANUFACTURING FLAX FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES BY HOT-PRESSING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041756.

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The renewable characteristic of natural fibres, such as flax, and the recyclable nature of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene, provide an attractive eco-friendly quality to the resulting composite materials. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, tend to degrade the fibres during processing. Development of a simple manufacturing technique for these composites, that minimises fibre degradation, is the main objective of this study. Flax fibres were conditioned, cut into lengths ranging from 1 mm to 30 mm with scissors and a pelletiser, and shaped into randomly oriented mats using a drop feed tower. Polypropylene in sheet form, was added to the fibres to furnish polypropylene/flax/polypropylene sandwiches with a fibre mass fraction of 25%, which were then consolidated by the hot pressing technique. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composite sheets were determined as functions of fibre length and processing temperature.

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Soyaslan, Devrim, Özer Göktepe, and Selçuk Çömlekçi. "The effects of fabric lamination angle and ply number on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of weft knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0045.

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AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of fabric lamination angle and fabric ply number on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of weft knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites. Knitted fabric-reinforced composites are composed of aramid yarn, polypropylene yarn, and copper wire. Polypropylene is the matrix phase and the aramid yarn and copper wires are the reinforcement phase of the composite materials. It was achieved to form 1.5 to 3 mm thickness composites. The composites have nearly 20–50 dB electromagnetic shielding values. To form the knitted fabrics, 7G semiautomatic flat knitting machine was used. The composites were formed by a laboratory-type hot press. EMSE of composites were tested by using ASTM D 4935 coaxial test fixture in 27–3000 MHz frequency band. Lamination angle and ply number parameters were examined related to EMSE of structures. For this study, three different structures were knitted and named as plain knit, 1×1 rib knit, and half cardigan knit. To determine the effect of lamination angle of composites on electromagnetic shielding performance, the composites were produced in two different lamination angles as 0°/90°/0°/90° and 0°/45°/0°/45°. To determine the effect of fabric ply number of composites on electromagnetic shielding performance, the composites were produced in two and four plies. It was observed that the fabric ply number and lamination angle does not affect the EMSE of composite materials very much. It was determined that weft knitted reinforced composite structures have appropriate and high EMSE values for electromagnetic applications. This knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites are flexible and suitable for other industrial applications as civil engineering, aerospace, etc.

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Mirza, Foisal Ahmed, Sheikh Md Rasel, Myung Soo Kim, Ali Md Afsar, Byung Sun Kim, and Jung I. Song. "Lyocell Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Matrix Modification." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1159.

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Composites with polypropylene (PP) and lyocell fibers were manufactured by compression molding technique. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the natural fibers and thermoplastic matrix during manufacturing, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent has been employed. Physical properties such as void contents and water absorption rate were studied. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. Tensile test results showed the higher strength and modulus of composite than pure polypropylene (PP). In addition, strength and modulus were found to be influenced by the variation of MAPP contents (1%, 2%). Unlike tensile properties, flexural properties were not improved. However, between 1 and 2 wt% MAPP content, the composites containing 2 wt % MAPP showed better flexural properties than 1 wt % MAPP.

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Bárány, Tamás, András Izer, and Tibor Czigány. "High Performance Self-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.121.

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Highly oriented polypropylene fiber reinforced random PP copolymer composites were produced by film-stacking method. The reinforcing fibers were carded and needle punched and the film-stacked packages were compression molded at different processing temperatures (T=150…170°C) and holding times (t=90…600 s). For characterization of the consolidation of the composite sheets interlaminar strength was determined and further the polished sections were studied by light microscopy. Static tensile and dynamic impact (instrumented falling weight impact - IFWI) tests were performed on the specimens cut from the sheets. It was established that the best properties can be achieved when the processing conditions are 165°C and 90s. Increasing temperature and improving consolidation reduced perforation impact energy owning to better fiber/matrix adhesion and the smaller extent of delamination between the film-stacked layers.

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Mezey, Zoltán, and Tibor Czigány. "Mechanical Investigation of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene with Different Types of MAPP Compatibilizer." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.223.

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Mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced polypropylene were investigated. Hemp fibers were carded together with polypropylene fibers, and needle punched. Composites were prepared by hot pressing of the PP/hemp mats. Hemp content was varied between 0 and 50 % by weight, in 10% steps. A treatment with two different maleic anhydride grafted polypropylenes was applied in order to increase the fiber/matrix surface adhesion. Tensile, three-point bending and Charpy tests were carried out on the treated and untreated composites.

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Wang, Wei, Xiaomin Guo, Defang Zhao, Liu Liu, Ruiyun Zhang, and Jianyong Yu. "Water Absorption and Hygrothermal Aging Behavior of Wood-Polypropylene Composites." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040782.

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Environmentally sound composites reinforced with natural fibers or particles interest many researchers and engineers due to their great potential to substitute the traditional composites reinforced with glass fibers. However, the sensitivity of natural fiber-reinforced composites to water has limited their applications. In this paper, wood powder-reinforced polypropylene composites (WPCs) with various wood content were prepared and subjected to water absorption tests to study the water absorption procedure and the effect of water absorbed in the specimens on the mechanical properties. Water soaking tests were carried out by immersion of composite specimens in a container of distilled water maintained at three different temperatures, 23, 60 and 80 °C. The results showed that the moisture absorption content was related to wood powder percentage and they had a positive relationship. The transfer process of water molecules in the sample was found to follow the Fickian model and the diffusion constant increased with elevated water temperature. In addition, tensile and bending tests of both dry and wet composite samples were conducted and the results indicated that water absorbed in composite specimens degraded their mechanical properties. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites reinforced with 15, 30, 45 wt % wood powder decreased by 5.79%, 17.2%, 32.06% and 25.31%, 33.6%, 47.3% respectively, compared with their corresponding dry specimens. The flexural strength and modulus of the composite samples exhibited a similar result. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also confirmed that the detrimental effect of water molecules on the composite specimens.

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Sun, Yi Ming, Dan Peng, and Man Li. "A Study of Ramie Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1839.

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Ramie fibers were incorporated into polypropylene as the reinforcement fillers. The transesterification between the hydroxyl groups of ramie fiber and the ester of maleic anhydride was employed to improve the compatibility of ramie fibers and the polypropylene matrix. The morphology of the composite surfaces and interfaces were studied using IR and SEM. The mechanical properties and water absorption of the composites were investigated. The results demonstrated that the esterification occurred on the surface of ramie fiber, due to which the compatibility between fiber and matrix treated was greatly improved. Because of the improved compatibility, the mechanical strength of the composites increased; while water absorption decreased.

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Nordin, M. N. A., K. Sakamoto, H. Azhari, K. Goda, M. Okamoto, H. Ito, and T. Endo. "Tensile and impact properties of pulverized oil palm fiber reinforced polypropylene composites : A comparison study with wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composites." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 4191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.12.4.2018.15.0361.

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In this study, the Malaysian oil palm fiber (OPF) was extracted from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and used as a reinforcement of polymer composite materials. 10 wt.% and 25 wt.% of OPF were incorporated with polypropylene (PP) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) to produce injection-molded composite material. For comparison purpose, virgin PP and polymer composites reinforced with wood fiber (WPC) were also fabricated as benchmark samples. From the tensile test result of 25 wt.% of fiber loading, it produced higher tensile properties of the composites. Moreover, the obtained OPF/PP composites showed comparable properties with the WPC material. The second objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fiber sizes on tensile and impact properties of both WPC and OPF/PP composite. The wood fiber and OPF were mechanically classified into several size ranges by using different mesh sieves and proceeded with the kneading and injection molding. The tensile and impact tests were carried out for each type of sample in order to verify the influence of fiber size on the tensile and impact resistance behavior of the WPC and OPF/PP composites.

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Bledzki, Andrzej Korneliusz, Marta Lucka, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Janusz Michalski. "Biological and electrical resistance of acetylated flax fibre reinforced polypropylene composites." BioResources 4, no. 1 (November 20, 2008): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.1.111-125.

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Flax fibre reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated using a high speed mixer followed by injection moulding. Prior to composite production, the fibre was modified by acetylation in the presence of perchloric acid. The effect of acetylation of the fibre was assessed on the basis of moisture resistance and dielectric properties of the resulting composites. It was found that the moisture absorption and swelling properties of the composites were reduced respectively to 60% and 30% due to acetylation. Two different types of biocide were mixed with untreated flax fibre, and the samples were exposed to decay fungi for up to 3 months along with control polypropylene. The composites with acetylated fibres showed good protection against fungi, and biocide had less effect on biological resistance. The dielectric properties of the flax-polypropylene composites were also estimated as a function of aging period. The composites with modified fibre showed more improvement in dielectric properties compared to the composites with untreated fibres. The mechanical properties were investigated for those composites. Tensile and flexural strengths of composites were found to be increased following acetylation due to modification, and strength properties of both untreated and acetylated flax fibre reinforced polypropylene composites decreased with respect to aging period. The Charpy impact strengths of composites were found to increase with increasing aging periods.

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Gerezgiher, Alula Gebresas, Halefom Aregay Bsrat, Andrea Simon, and Tamás Szabó. "Development and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.43.

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In most of the developing countries, plastic polypropylene is not fully recycled and converted in-to use after it is once used. Sisal fiber is also widely available in different developing countries like Ethiopia. Adding this two materials and developing automotive interior part was taken as a primary motive for it reduces cost and is environmentally friendly. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to develop composite material from natural fibre (sisal fiber) reinforced with recycled plastic waste (polypropylene) for interior automobile accessories specifically for internal door trim panel application. This research examines effect of fiber length, fiber loading and chemical treatment of fiber on the physical and chemical properties of the sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene (SFRPP) composite material. The waste polypropylene and the treated and untreated sisal fiber with variable length and weight ratio (fiber/matrix ratio) were mixed. Flammability of sisal fiber reinforced Polypropylene (SFRPP) composites material was examined by a horizontal burning test according to ASTM D635 and chemical resistance of the sisal fibre reinforced PP composites was studied using ASTM D543 testing method. The result on the flammability test shows that treated fiber has lower burning rate than untreated fiber and decreases with increase in fiber length and fiber loading. The resistance of the composites to water has increased as the fiber length increases and decreased as the fiber loading increase. Generally, SFRPP composite is found to have better resistance to water than NaOH and H2SO4 and treating the fiber has brought considerable improvement on chemical resistance of the composite. Fiber loading and fiber length has positive and negative effect on the flammability of the SFRPP composite respectively.

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Taketa, I., J. Ustarroz, L. Gorbatikh, S. V. Lomov, and I. Verpoest. "Interply hybrid composites with carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene and self-reinforced polypropylene." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 41, no. 8 (August 2010): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.02.003.

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Dhanalakshmi, Sampathkumar, Punyamoorthy Ramadevi, and Bennehalli Basavaraju. "A study of the effect of chemical treatments on areca fiber reinforced polypropylene composite properties." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 4 (July 26, 2017): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0292.

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AbstractAreca fibers have a great prospect in the polymer composite field since they possess superior properties like being light weight, strong and having high strength-to-weight ratio. In addition, areca fibers are biodegradable, non-toxic and eco-friendly and have low maintenance cost. In this research work, areca fibers were subjected to chemical treatments such as NaOH, KMnO4, C6H5COCl and H2C=CHCOOH to reduce the hydrophilic nature of areca fibers and to improve interfacial adhesion between areca fibers and thermoplastic polypropylene matrix, so that areca-polypropylene composites with improved properties can be obtained. The untreated and all chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% fiber loadings were fabricated by the compression molding technique. Investigations of tensile, flexural and impact properties of areca fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were done under given fiber loadings by following American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard procedures. Amongst all untreated and chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites, acrylated areca-polypropylene composites with 60% fiber loading showed higher tensile and flexural strength values and with 50% fiber loading showed higher impact strength values. Hence, chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites can be considered as a very promising material for the fabrication of lightweight material industries.

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Potapova, Ekaterina, Ekaterina Dmitrieva, Aung Kyaw Nian, and Elena Tsvetkova. "Gypsum Composite Reinforced with Polymer Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dgyem5.

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Composite gypsum binders harden quickly, gain strength quickly and have positive environmental properties. Moreover, they are characterized by increased moisture resistance, which significantly expands the field of application of such gypsum materials. Dispersed reinforcement of composite gypsum binders with polypropylene fibers makes it possible to obtain composites characterized by high performance properties. On basis of developed compositions of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic and composite gypsum binders with polymer fibers, gypsum composites have been created, characterized by increased strength, water resistance, frost and corrosion resistance.

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Lin, Mei-Chen, Jia-Horng Lin, Jan-Yi Lin, Ting An Lin, and Ching-Wen Lou. "Fabrication, properties, and failure of composite sandwiches made with sheet extrusion method." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218766230.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are commonly used in different fields because the evenly distributed fibers in polymer can efficiently transmit the load of a force and mechanically reinforce the polymer matrices. This study proposes producing composite sandwiches using thermoplastic polyurethane sheets as the top and bottom layers and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric the interlayer. Thermoplastic polyurethane sheets and a polypropylene/Kevlar nonwoven fabric are combined using the sheet extrusion method, during which the polypropylene staple fibers are melted and firmly bond the thermoplastic polyurethane sheets. The mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and surface morphology of composite sandwiches are evaluated, examining the influence of parameters. The test results show that the composite sandwiches are mechanically reinforced as a result of using the nonwoven covers. Moreover, the improved interfacial bonding between the cover layers and the interlayer inhibits delamination, and the stabilized structure subsequently decreases the level of combustion which is in conformity of the differential scanning calorimetry results. The manufacturing is creative and efficient due to one-step shaping, creating a refined composite sandwich with good mechanical properties and combustion resistance.

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de Tatagiba, M. K. V., and J. R. M. d'Almeida. "Pejibaye Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Matrix Composites." Polymers from Renewable Resources 7, no. 3 (August 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791600700301.

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Houshyar, S., R. A. Shanks, and A. Hodzic. "Tensile creep behaviour of polypropylene fibre reinforced polypropylene composites." Polymer Testing 24, no. 2 (April 2005): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.07.003.

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Jarukumjorn, Kasama, Nitinat Suppakarn, and Jongrak Kluengsamrong. "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sisal/Glass Fiber-Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.486.

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Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites became more attractive due to their light weight, high specific strength, biodegradability. However, some limitations e.g. low modulus, poor moisture resistance were reported. The mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites can be improved by hybridization with synthetic fibers such as glass fiber. In this research, mechanical properties of short sisal-PP composites and short sisal/glass fiber hybrid composites were studied. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility between the fibers and polypropylene. Effect of weight ratio of sisal and glass fiber at 30 % by weight on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. Morphology of fracture surface of each composite was also observed.

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Keya, Kamrun N., Nasrin A. Kona, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Comparative Study of Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composite." Advanced Materials Research 1155 (August 2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1155.29.

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In this experimental studies, three types of fabric such as Jute, Okra and Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) were selected and matrix material such as polypropylene (PP) was selected to manufacture composites. Jute/PP, Okra/PP, and PALF/PP based composites were prepared successfully by a conventional compression molding technique. The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical such as tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM), elongation at break (Eb%) and interfacial properties of the composites. Jute fiber (hessian cloth)-reinforced polypropylene matrix composites (45wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. TS, TM, BS, BM, and IS of the composites were found to be 45 MPa, 2.2 GPa, 54 MPa, 4.1 GPa, and 16 kJ/m2, respectively. Then Okra and PALF fiber reinforced polypropylene-based composites (45 wt% fiber) were fabricated and the mechanical properties were compared with those of the jute-based composites. The result revealed that mechanical properties of PALF composite higher than jute and Okra fiber reinforced composites. Water absorption and elongation percentage at break showed different scenario and it was noticed from the experimental study that water absorption and elongation at break (%) of jute fabric was higher than other composites. Fracture sides of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the results revealed poor fiber-matrix adhesion for jute fiber-based composites compared to that of the other fiber-based composites (OF/PP and PALF/PP). KEY WORDS: Polypropylene, Jute Fiber, Okra Fiber, Pineapple Fiber, Mechanical Properties, Interfacial Properties, Composites. *Corresponding Address: dr.ruhul_khan@yahoo.com

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Mertens, A. Johnney, and S. Senthilvelan. "Mechanical and tribological properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232, no. 8 (April 4, 2016): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716642620.

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In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%) were developed using the melt compounding process. The developed composites were injection-molded into tensile specimens and pins to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. As the CNT content increased, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PP composites increased. The addition of the CNTs to the PP matrix beyond 1 wt% demonstrated agglomeration, and fractured tensile specimens confirmed this behavior. Developed materials demonstrated enhanced crystallinity up to 1 wt% CNT and, subsequently, decreased crystallinity beyond 1 wt% CNT, and an X-ray diffraction investigation confirmed this behavior. The measured coefficient of friction, online wear, and weight loss from the sliding wear test confirmed the least frictional resistance and maximum wear resistance for the 1 wt% CNT–PP composite. As the CNT content increased, the hardness of the CNT–PP composite increased up to 1 wt% CNT and decreased beyond this threshold. The worn-out surfaces of the CNT–PP composite observed using a scanning electron microscope and noncontact three-dimensional profiler confirmed the superior wear resistance of the 1 wt% CNT–PP composite. The CNT–PP composites considered in this study exhibited increased surface temperatures in the sliding wear condition because of the addition of the CNTs. The addition of the CNTs to the PP material increased the thermal conductivity of the composite.

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Suresh, Sugumar, and Velukkudi Santhanam Senthil Kumar. "Effects of fabric structure on the formability characteristics of thermoplastic composites under various process conditions." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-0075.

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Thermoplastic composites are broadly utilized for structural and automotive applications due to their higher specific strength and modulus, higher strain to failure, recyclability, and unlimited shelf life. This study investigates the effects of fabric structure on the forming behaviour of glass fabric reinforced polypropylene composites during the sheet forming of a doubly curved shape. Stamp forming, a novel thermoforming technique, is mostly used for hemispherical forming of thermoplastic composites. The study also investigates the influence of process parameters such as die temperature, blank temperature, and blank holder force on sheet formability. Forming ratio, thickness distribution, material draw-in, and punch force were used for the evaluation of the formability of composites. Conventional and novel plain weave glass fabric reinforced polypropylene composite laminates were fabricated using the film stacking technique. Thermo-stamp forming experiments were conducted on the basis of the Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experimental results revealed better forming characteristics by the novel glass fabric reinforced composite than for the conventional glass fabric reinforced composite. Production of defect-free components under high die temperature, low blank holder force, and medium blank temperature process condition was observed.

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Zhou, Ying, Weidi He, Yifan Wu, Dinghong Xu, Xiaolang Chen, Min He, and Jianbing Guo. "Influence of thermo-oxidative aging on flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of long glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites filled with organic montmorillonite and intumescent flame retardant." Journal of Fire Sciences 37, no. 2 (March 2019): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119833014.

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In this work, the effect of thermo-oxidative aging on organic montmorillonite/intumescent flame retardant/long glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites was investigated for different exposure times at 140°C. Limiting oxygen index, Underwriters Laboratories-94 tests, cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to evaluate the flammability and thermal stability. The results of limiting oxygen index values, Underwriters Laboratories 94 test, and cone calorimeter test show that aging performs negative effect on the flame retardancy of organic montmorillonite/intumescent flame retardant/long glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites. Thermal oxidation aging markedly changes the decomposition process of organic montmorillonite/intumescent flame retardant/long glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites. The scanning electronic microscopy images of the external surface of composites indicate that many ground particles and micro-scale cracks are scattered in the surfaces of the composites after aging. The sharp micro-scale cracks and crazing formed on the surface promote the heat and oxygen to penetrate into the bulk of polypropylene matrix. According to the mechanical test results, the thermal oxidation aging reduces the tensile, flexural, and notched impact strengths of organic montmorillonite/intumescent flame retardant/long glass fiber–reinforced polypropylene composites.

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Tan, Hao, Hong Sheng Tan, Xin Lei Tang, Yan Gang Wang, and Li Ping Li. "Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior for Long Aramid Fiber Reinforced Impact Polypropylene Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1079.

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Composites of continuous aramid fiber reinforced impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) were prepared using a cross-head impregnation mold by self-design fixed on a single screw extruder, and pelleted by a pelleter for injection molding to prepare testing specimens. The mechanical properties of long aramid fibers reinforced impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) composites were studied. Micrographs of fracture surface of tensile specimens and dynamic mechanical behavior for the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results of experiments show that, the tensile and flexural strengths increased obviously with the aramid fibers content in the composites. SEM results show the compatibility between the aramid fiber and matrix is very poor. The results of the dynamic mechanical behavior of long aramid fibers reinforced IPC composites show that the composite deformation resistance and glass transition temperature increased evidently with the addition of aramid fibers.

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Sh. Al-Otaibi, Mohammed, Othman Y. Alothman, Maher M. Alrashed, Arfat Anis, Jesuarockiam Naveen, and Mohammad Jawaid. "Characterization of Date Palm Fiber-Reinforced Different Polypropylene Matrices." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030597.

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In this study, the effect of different polypropylene (PP) matrices (homopolymer (HPP), impact copolymer (ICP), and recycled polypropylene (rPP)) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of date palm fiber (DPF)-reinforced PP composites was investigated. The DPFs were treated with an alkali solution, and composites were fabricated with different DPF loadings (5, 10, and 15 wt %) and lengths (less than 2 mm and 8–12 mm). It was found that the tensile properties of the DPF/ICP and DPF/rPP composites were similar to those of the DPF/HPP composites. The addition of fiber to the matrix reduced its tensile strength but increased the modulus. The alkali treatment improved the compatibility between the fibers and the matrix by removing hemicellulose and other impurities. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed hemicellulose removal. The morphology of the alkali-treated fractured tensile specimen revealed improved adhesion and less fiber pull out. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the alkali treatment enhanced the crystallinity index. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of DPFs into the PP matrix reduced the thermal stability of the composite. However, the thermal stability of the treated fiber-reinforced rPP and ICP composites was similar to that of the DPF/HPP composite. Hence, rPP can be used as an alternative to HPP with DPFs.

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Czigány, Tibor. "Basalt Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Composites." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.59.

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Short fiber (basalt, carbon, ceramic, and glass) reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were investigated to determine their mechanical properties in case of different reinforcing fiber types. The composites were reinforced with fibers and were produced by hot pressing after hot mixing techniques. Composite properties such as flexural strength, stiffness, static and dynamic fracture toughness were measured. It was realized that the main damage modes of the composites are fiber pullout and debonding. It was also found that basalt fibers are the most sensitive to the lack of the treatment with additives. These results were supported by scanning electron micrographs taken of the fracture surfaces.

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Adebayo, A. B. "ACCELERATED WEATHERING OF RUBBER WOOD-REINFORCED RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITE." Open Journal of Engineering Science (ISSN: 2734-2115) 3, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojes.v3i2.105.

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The successful development of durable wood-plastic composite (WPC) cladding poses a challenge, hence investigating the effects of water immersion-freeze-thaw treatment on the physical properties, flexural strength (FS), and morphology of wood-recycled polypropylene composites. The behavior of wood plastic composite is difficult to predict due to the complexity of the structure of the material. Wood consists of cells (fibers) arranged in an intricate pattern, and the behavior of the material is a result of the behavior of the cells and the cell arrangement. In this study, different approaches were employed to analyze various degradation in the wood plastic composite. This study shows whether the flexural strength and thermal stabilization of the WPC will reduce or boost after introduction to water immersion-freezing-thaw cycling, as well as the degree of modifications in the ground characteristics (shade and roughness) of the composites after introduction to water immersion. This research is composed of new research on the weathering of wood-polymer composites (WPCs) and the findings of this research will be derived from rapid laboratory studies.

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Harper, LT, DT Burn, MS Johnson, and NA Warrior. "Long discontinuous carbon fibre/polypropylene composites for high volume structural applications." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 9 (July 26, 2017): 1155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317722204.

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A processing route is presented to manufacture discontinuous carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites, using much longer fibre lengths (25 mm) and higher volume fractions (up to 45%) than previously reported in the literature. Carbon fibre tows are coated with different ratios of polypropylene, blended with a maleic anhydride coupling agent, to investigate the influence of the interfacial shear strength at the microscale on the macroscale composite properties. Improvements in the tensile performance at the macroscale (70% increase) are not as high as those reported for the interfacial shear strength at the microscale (300%), following the addition of the coupling agent. Consequently, the tensile strength of the carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene material is only 45% of values reported for carbon fibre/epoxy systems, however, the tensile stiffness is comparable. This demonstrates the potential for using carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene for structural applications, following further process optimisation to overcome the current high levels of porosity (3.3% at 0.45 Vf) to improve the tensile strength.

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Moktadir, SMG, MU Talukder, AKO Huq, MA Gafur, and AMS Chowdhury. "Coir Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Eco-friendly Byproducts." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34695.

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Coir fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were fabricated using an extruder machine. The fiber contents were varied 5 to 20% and physico-mechanical properties as well as bio-degradability were also tested. Ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength decreases with the increases of percentages of fiber addition. Lowest percentage elongation is observed at 20% CF+PP composite which are rigid in nature. Leeb rebound hardness also decreases with the increase of percentage of raw fiber addition. The bio-degradation of different percentage of CF and PP composites in soil and saline water increased with increase of coir fiber content. Thus, it showed that higher percentage of coir fiber was produced more biodegradable and eco-friendly byproducts. However, higher percentages of coir fiber decrease the mechanical properties. A moderate percentage of coir fiber i.e. 15% CF +PP showed the good mechanical properties as well as considerable amount of bio-degradability in soil and saline water.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 61-64 2017

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Luz, Sandra M., Adilson Roberto Gonçalves, Antônio P. Del´Arco Jr., Alcides L. Leão, Paulo M. C. Ferrão, and George J. M. Rocha. "Thermal Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Different Vegetable Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1199.

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Components based on composites reinforced with vegetable fibers have awaked interest in various industrial fields. The thermal properties of fibers, matrix and composite define the temperature limits for application and processing of these materials. In this work, a thermal analyzer TGA was used to evaluate the degradation and thermal events of vegetable fibers (abaca, curaua, fique, sisal, cellulose and in natura fibers from sugarcane bagasse and straw), polypropylene (PP) and PP composites reinforced with 15 wt% fibers. Samples were studied by using 30 to 600°C at 5°C.min-1 flow rate under helium or air atmosphere. TG curves from fibers showed weight loss in multiple stages. Before the thermal degradation peak, the abaca composite was more thermally stable, followed by fique, curaua and sisal composites. Thermal stability of composites was inferior for neat PP; however, it had a significant increase for the fiber.

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35

Hopmann, Christian, Walter Michaeli, and Florian Puch. "Investigation of the processing, the mechanical properties, and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0035.

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AbstractPolypropylene composites containing layered silicate and glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of the processing conditions on the mechanical properties and the morphology of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composites, the process parameters are varied while preparing the composites. The processing conditions affect the mechanical properties and the morphology. The investigations suggest that a short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene-layered silicate composite should be compounded at a maximum barrel temperature of 200°C, a throughput of 30 kg/h at a screw speed of 500 min-1 and a screw configuration, which introduces a large amount of shear energy into the composite. These processing conditions lead to a comparatively high specific mechanical energy input of 206 Wh/kg and to the best set of mechanical properties of the investigated materials. However, the morphology of the investigated short glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposites does not show significant differences and has to be investigated further.

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36

Hernández-Díaz, David, Ricardo Villar-Ribera, Francesc X. Espinach, Fernando Julián, Vicente Hernández-Abad, and Marc Delgado-Aguilar. "Impact Properties and Water Uptake Behavior of Old Newspaper Recycled Fibers-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Materials 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051079.

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Natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites can be an alternative to mineral fiber-based composites, especially when economic and environment concerns are included under the material selection criteria. In recent years, the literature has shown how lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced composites can be used for a variety of applications. Nonetheless, the impact strength and the water uptake behavior of such materials have been seen as drawbacks. In this work, the impact strength and the water uptake of composites made of polypropylene reinforced with fibers from recycled newspaper have been researched. The results show how the impact strength decreases with the percentage of reinforcement in a similar manner to that of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites as a result of adding a fragile phase to the material. It was found that the water uptake increased with the increasing percentages of lignocellulosic fibers due to the hydrophilic nature of such reinforcements. The diffusion behavior was found to be Fickian. A maleic anhydride was added as a coupling agent in order to increase the strength of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcements. It was found that the presence of such a coupling agent increased the impact strength of the composites and decreased the water uptake. Impact strengths of 21.3 kJ/m3 were obtained for a coupled composite with 30 wt % reinforcement contents, which is a value higher than that obtained for glass fiber-based materials. The obtained composites reinforced with recycled fibers showed competitive impact strength and water uptake behaviors in comparison with materials reinforced with raw lignocellulosic fibers. The article increases the knowledge on newspaper fiber-reinforced polyolefin composite properties, showing the competitiveness of waste-based materials.

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37

Sarasook, Prattakon, Putinun Uawongsuwan, Anin Memon, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Jute Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites Fabricated by Direct Fiber Feeding Injection Molding (DFFIM) Process." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.268.

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In this research, jute fiber reinforced polypropylene and poly (lactic acid) composites were fabricated, respectively by Direct Fiber Feeding Injection molding (DFFIM) process. Jute spun yarns were directly fed into the barrel of molding process in order to eliminate the fiber breakage during extrusion compounding process. Mechanical properties of both composites were investigated by tensile testing and morphological properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For jute reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, tensile strength of composite decreased but modulus increased, compared with neat PP. The using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MaPP) can improve interfacial bonding between jute fiber and PP matrix as observed by SEM, which resulted in the increasing of tensile strength. Therefore, in the case of jute/PLA composites, jute fibers surface treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silane coupling agent to improve interfacial adhesion. The tensile strength of untreated-jute/PLA composites are not different with PLA matrix but tensile modulus of untreated composites are higher than PLA matrix. In addition it is found that the tensile properties of NaOH-treated jute/PLA and NaOH+Silane-treated jute/PLA composites were improved, compared with untreated composites.

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38

Balogun, Oluwayomi Peter, Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme, Adeolu Adesoji Adediran, Isiaka Oluwole Oladele, Joseph Ajibade Omotoyinbo, and Kong Fah Tee. "Evaluation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Short Entada mannii-Glass Fiber Hybrid Composites." Fibers 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10030030.

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This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of short Entada mannii- glass fiber polypropylene hybrid composites. The polymeric hybrid composite was produced by combining different ratios of Entada mannii fiber (EMF)/glass fiber (GF) using the compression molding technique. The tensile properties, compressive strength, impact strength and hardness were evaluated while the fracture surface morphology was examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). It further evaluates the moisture absorption and percentage void content of the developed composites. The experimental results show that tensile, compressive, impact and hardness properties of all the hybrid composites were significantly improved as compared with single reinforced composites. Specifically, hybrid composites (EMF/GF5) revealed an overall tensile strength of 41%, hardness of 51% and compressive strength of 47% relative to single reinforced composites, which can be ascribed to enhanced fiber–matrix bonding. The chemical treatment enhanced the EMF fiber surface and promoted good adhesion with the polypropylene (PP) matrix. Moisture absorption properties revealed that the addition of EMF/GF reduces the amount of moisture intake of the hybrid composites attributed to good cementing of the fiber–matrix interface. Morphological analysis revealed that single reinforced composites (EMF1 and GF2) were characterized by fiber pullout and deposition of voids in the composite as compared with the hybrid composites.

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Cuong, N. K., and Z. Maekawa. "Fabrication of Aramid Fiber Knitted Fabric Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 7, no. 3 (May 1998): 096369359800700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359800700302.

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In this paper, the effects of fabrication conditions on mechanical properties of aramid fiber knitted fabric reinforced thermoplastic polypropylene composites have been investigated. Composite laminates were fabricated by variation of impregnation time and compression molding pressures. Impregnation of matrix resin into aramid fibers was identified by observing cross-sections of laminates. Tensile tests were carried out on samples cut from the laminates parallel to the wale and course directions. Tensile properties increased with increasing the impregnation time or the compression molding pressure. The tensile properties also display higher in wale direction than in course direction. SEM micrographs of fractured surfaces reveal poor adhesion between aramid fibers and polypropylene matrix.

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40

Hoque, Mohammad Bellal, M. Sahadat Hossain, Abdul M. Nahid, Solaiman Bari, and Ruhul A. Khan. "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites." Nano Hybrids and Composites 21 (June 2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.21.31.

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Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) based composites were prepared successfully by conventional compression molding technique. Different percentages (25,30,35, 40 and 405% by weight) of fiber were used to prepare composites. Tensile Strength (TS), Tensile Modulus (TM), Elongation at Break (Eb %), Bending Strength (BS), Bending Modulus (BM) and Impact Strength (IS) were evaluated. The 45 wt% PALF/PP composite exhibited an increase of 132% TS, 412% TM, 155% BS, 265% BM, and 140% IS with respect to the matrix material (PP). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy was employed for functional group analysis of PALF/PP composites. For all percentages of fiber, the composites demonstrated lower water uptake. The fabricated composites were immersed in alkali solution (Sodium hydroxide solution, 3%, 5% and 7% by weight) for 60 min and showed low TS, TM and Eb% compared to control composites.

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41

Hosseini Mehrab, Alireza, Seyedmahdi Amirfakhrian, and M. Reza Esfahani. "Fracture characteristics of various concrete composites containing polypropylene fibers through five fracture mechanics methods." Materials Testing 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2022-0210.

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Abstract This paper investigates and compares the experimental results of fracture characteristics in various polypropylene fiber-reinforced concretes (high strength concrete, lightweight concrete, and engineered cementitious composite) on 90 three-point bend (notched and un-notched) beams. Five widely used fracture mechanics testing methods, such as work of fracture method, stress-displacement curve method, size effect method, J integral method, and ASTM E399, were used to investigate the fracture behavior. Results have demonstrated that fracture energy and fracture toughness improved as the dosage of polypropylene fibers increased in concretes. However, this improvement was different in concretes owing to various results of fracture mechanics testing methods and different properties of each concrete. Aggregates played significant role in the performance of polypropylene fibers on the fracture behavior of concretes. Among testing methods, the ASTM E399 showed the lowest values for the fracture toughness of concretes. Both work of fracture and stress-displacement curve methods exhibited appropriate results for the fracture energy of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete composites. The accuracy of size effect method was acceptable for determining size-independent fracture parameters of plain high strength and lightweight concretes. Furthermore, the J integral method showed more relevant results for the fracture toughness of polypropylene fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composite.

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42

Gu, Nian Liang, Jian Rong Wang, Cai Xia Chu, Juan Chen, and Ke Li. "Effect of Simulated Seawater on Flexural Property of Corn Straw Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.678.

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In this paper, the effect of simulated seawater on properties of corn straw fibers (CSF) reinforced polypropylene composites was studied. Firstly, CSF was modified with nano-TiO2 particles, and then the modified CSF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite was prepared. The flexural property and the microstructure of the composites before and after soaking simulated seawater for 21 days were investigated. The results showed that the simulated seawater in short-term immersion could play a role in plasticizing interface and improve the flexural property of CSF/PP composite. After 21 days of simulated seawater immersion, the flexural strength of CS/PP was increased by 18.00%. The modification of TiO2-CSF could improve the flexural property of CSF/PP composite. When the addition of TiO2 was 4 wt.%, the flexural strength reached 44.91 MPa, increased by 17.54% compared with that of unmodified composite.

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43

Stelea, Lucia, Ioan Filip, Gabriela Lisa, Mariana Ichim, Mioara Drobotă, Costică Sava, and Augustin Mureșan. "Characterisation of Hemp Fibres Reinforced Composites Using Thermoplastic Polymers as Matrices." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030481.

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Hemp fibres used as a reinforcing agent and three polymeric matrices (polypropylene, bicomponent, recycled polyester) were used to obtain composite materials by needle punching and heat pressing. The influence of the hemp/matrix ratio and the nature of the matrix on the properties of the composites were analysed. The obtained composites were characterised by physical–mechanical indices, thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Chromatic measurements. The mechanical properties of composites are influenced by both the hemp/matrix ratio and the nature of the matrix. The thermal stability of composites decreased as the amount of hemp increased (for the same mass losses, the decomposition temperature decreased significantly for composites containing a quantity of hemp greater than 50%). Regarding the nature of the matrix, for the same mass loss, the highest decomposition temperature was presented by the composites containing recycled polyester as matrix, and the lowest one was presented by composites containing polypropylene fibres as matrix. The FTIR and SEM analyses highlight the changes that occurred in the structure of the composite, changes determined both by the amount of hemp in the composite and by the nature of the matrix.

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Beckermann, G. W., K. L. Pickering, and N. J. Foreman. "Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Injection Moulded Hemp Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.303.

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In recent years, industrial hemp fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted substantial interest as potential structural materials. These composites have been subject to intense study for use in lightweight, recyclable and low cost applications. The aim of this research was to improve and evaluate the composite tensile strength and fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion by means of fibre treatment and addition of a coupling agent. Hemp fibre was digested in a small pressure vessel with a solution of 5wt% NaOH / 2wt% Na2SO3. Single fibre tensile tests were performed on treated and untreated fibres, and it was found that the alkali treatment resulted in an increase in fibre strength and an improvement in fibre separation. Composites containing either treated or untreated fibre, polypropylene and a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were then compounded in a twin-screw extruder and injection moulded into tensile test specimens. Tensile tests revealed that significant improvements in composite strength were made by using treated fibre and MAPP. The effect of MAPP on the interface of treated hemp fibre/polypropylene composites was assessed by means of the single fibre fragmentation test, and the interfacial shear strength was determined thereafter.

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Loos, J., T. Schimanski, J. Hofman, T. Peijs, and P. J. Lemstra. "Morphological investigations of polypropylene single-fibre reinforced polypropylene model composites." Polymer 42, no. 8 (April 2001): 3827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00660-1.

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Chen, Tianran, Dana Kazerooni, Lin Ju, David A. Okonski, and Donald G. Baird. "Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030125.

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By combining the concepts of in situ thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) composites and conventional fiber composites, a recyclable and high-performance in situ hybrid polypropylene-based composite was successfully developed. The recycled hybrid composite was prepared by injection molding and grinding processes. Rheological and thermal analyses were utilized to optimize the processing temperature of the injection molding process to reduce the melt viscosity and minimize the degradation of polypropylene. The ideal temperature for blending the hybrid composite was found to be 305 °C. The influence of mechanical recycling on the different combinations of TLCP and glass fiber composites was analyzed. When the weight fraction ratio of TLCP to glass fiber was 2 to 1, the hybrid composite exhibited better processability, improved tensile performance, lower mechanical anisotropy, and greater recyclability compared to the polypropylene reinforced by either glass fiber or TLCP alone.

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Sivarao, Mohd Rizal Salleh, A. Kamely, A. Tajul, and Taufik. "Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP)." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.871.

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Chicken eggshell (ES) is an industrial by product containing 95% calcium carbonate and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. ES contains about 95% calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and 5% organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated polysaccharides, and other proteins. Although there have been several attempts to use eggshell components for different applications, its chemical composition and availability makes eggshell a potential source of filler for PP composites. In this research work, different proportions of chicken eggshell as bio-filler for polypropylene (PP) composite were compared with different operating temperature by creep test, hardness test and SEM photomicrographs. The eggshell had been prepared by blending and sieving them into granule size of less than 160μm. The granules were then mixed with polypropylene into four weight ratios, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively using fine extruder, where silane was used as the coupling agent. From the result, it was learnt that, the ES filler had improved Creep Strain and Creep Modulus for the operating temperatures of 34°C and 80°C. Tensile and flexural tests were also performed to study the pattern and behaviour of the chicken egg shell particulated polypropylene. In general, the findings can be concluded that not all ratios of particulation yielded positive as expected, but there were also conditions where virgin polypropylene yields better result depending on the test type and composite matrices.

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Gao, Jing Long, and Yan Hui Liu. "Thermal and Electrical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.802.

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In this work, the carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were reinforced with polypropylene(PP)matrix resins to improve the electrical and thermal properties of PP/ CNTs composites in different contents of 0,1, 3,and 5 wt.%. The surface, volume resistivity and crystallization type of the composites were investigated. As a result, the maximum degradation rate temperature of the composite is improved 30 °C, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of composite are 5 ×106, 7 ×105,respectively, for the optimum composition of composite (CNTs 3 wt.%). The integrated XRD pattern of the composites shows the typical α-form PP crystals.

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Jacob, Reenu, and Jayakumari Isac. "Morphological, thermal and optical studies of jute-reinforced PbSrCaCuO–polypropylene composite." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 31 (November 20, 2016): 1650379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503796.

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New research with modern technologies has always grabbed substantial attention. Conservation of raw materials like natural fibers has helped composite world to explore eco-friendly components. The aim of this paper is to study the potential of jute fiber-reinforced ceramic polymers. Alkali-treated jute fiber has been incorporated in a polypropylene ceramic matrix at different volume fractions. The morphological, thermal and optical studies of jute-reinforced ceramic Pb2Sr2CaCu2O9 (PbSrCaCuO) are studied. Morphological results evidently demonstrate that when the polypropylene ceramic matrix is reinforced with jute fiber, interfacial interaction between the varying proportions of the jute fiber and ceramic composite takes place. TGA and DSC results confirm the enhancement in the thermal stability of ceramic composites reinforced with jute fiber. The UV analysis of the composite gives a good quality measure on the optical properties of the new composite prepared.

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Czél, György, and Zoltán Kanyok. "MAgPP an Effective Coupling Agent in Rice Husk Flour Filled Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.137.

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Abstract:

Different properties (tensile strength, elongation, modulus, impact strength) of rice husk (RH) reinforced polypropylene (PP) coupled by Maleic-Anhydride grafted Polypropylene (MAgPP) have been investigated. MAgPP is an effective coupling agent, not only in cellulosic-fibre filled polyolefine composites, but in rice husk flour filled polypropylene composite systems as well. It gives a utilizable construction polymer matrix composite (PMC) material even at a 40 wt.% RH filling degree. The strength and modulus increases by adding the rice husk but the elongation decreases in a non-monotonic way. Micrographs shows weak coupling in between RH and PP without MAgPP.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylene Composites Reinforced'

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