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Academic literature on the topic 'Polyploïdes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polyploïdes"
Donné, Romain, Maëva Saroul, Vanessa Maillet, Séverine Celton-Morizur, and Chantal Desdouets. "La polyploïdie hépatique." médecine/sciences 35, no. 6-7 (June 2019): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019094.
Full textGrzycka, K. "Recherches cytophotométriques sur la presénce et la localisation des noyaux polyploïdes dans les racines de Vicia faba L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 36, no. 4 (2015): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1967.062.
Full textDonkpegan, Segbedji Armel Loïc. "Histoire évolutive du complexe Afzelia Smith (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) dans les écosystèmes forestiers et savanicoles d’Afrique tropicale." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 334 (January 2, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.334.a31494.
Full textEsnautt, Yann. "Sexe, évolution et polyploïdie." Biofutur 2000, no. 205 (November 2000): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0294-3506(01)80011-9.
Full textAmirouche, Rachid, and Marie-Thérèse Misset. "Flore spontanée d’Algérie : différenciation écogéographique des espèces et polyploïdie." Cahiers Agricultures 18, no. 6 (November 2009): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2009.0347.
Full textDurand, Raymonde, and Bernard Durand. "Dioécie, monoécie, polyploïdie et spéciation chez les Mercuriales annuelles." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques 139, no. 4-5 (January 1992): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01811797.1992.10824974.
Full textGachon, Frédéric. "Protéomique circadienne." Biologie Aujourd'hui 212, no. 3-4 (2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2018025.
Full textCelton-Morizur, Séverine, and Chantal Desdouets. "Polyploïdie cellulaire dans le tissu hépatique : nouveau rôle de l’insuline." médecine/sciences 25, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2009256-7651.
Full textVerlaque, Régine, and Juliette Contandriopoulos. "Analyse des variations chromosomiques en région méditerranéenne : Polyploïdie, différenciation et adaptation." Ecologia mediterranea 16, no. 1 (1990): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.1990.1654.
Full textMoret, Jacques, and Yvette Favereau. "Balance reproduction sexuée/multiplication végétative dans un complexe polyploïde du genreOrnithogalum (Liliaceae)en Méditerranée occidentale." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques 138, no. 3 (January 1991): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01811797.1991.10824922.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyploïdes"
Giraud, Delphine. "Dynamique des éléments transposables et évolution du génome des spartines polyploïdes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B057.
Full textWe explored the consequences of divergent speciation or reticulate evolution (resulting from hybridization) during diversification of the Spartina genus in the last 6-10 MY, based on the analysis of repeated sequences, their expression and regulation. Transposable element amounts, genome size, and phylogenetic relationships were found correlated, although differential dynamics of specific transposable element families or satellite sequences were encountered according to lineages, and to divergence times following the speciation events. The abundance of transposable elements appears related to their level of expression and the role of small RNAs in their control. This regulation is rapidly established following interspecific hybridization and explains the "genomic quiescence" (absence of transposable element “burst”) detected in the recent allododecaploid S. anglica. Annotations of transposable elements and small RNAs, new reference transcriptomes generated for different species during this work represent additional resources that will allow a more comprehensive exploration of the Spartina genome history and dynamics for a better understanding of the genomic mechanisms involved in the adaptation and ecology of these “ecosystem engineers” species
Boutte, Julien. "Identification et évolution des séquences orthologues par séquençage massif chez les polyploïdes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S154/document.
Full textNext generation sequencing (NGS) technologies offer new opportunities to explore polyploid genomes and their corresponding transcriptomes. However, transcriptome assemblies and identification of homoeologous gene copies (duplicated by polyploidy) remain challenging, particularly in the context of recurrent polyploidy and the absence of diploid reference parents. Spartina species (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) represent an excellent system to study the short term consequences of hybridization and polyploidization in natural populations. The European S. maritima (hexaploid) hybridized twice with the American S. alterniflora (hexaploid) following its recent introduction to Europe, which resulted in the formation of two homoploid hybrids (S. x townsendii and S. x neyrautii). Whole genome duplication of S. x townsendii resulted in the fertile new allododecaploid S. anglica species (during the 19th century) that has now invaded saltmarshes on several continents. Identification of duplicated genes in S. anglica and its parental species is critical to understand its evolutionary success but their high ploidy levels require the development of adapted tools. In this context, we developed and validated different bioinformatics tools to detect polymorphisms and identify the different haplotypes from NGS datasets. These approaches enabled the study of the heterogeneity of the highly repeated 45S rDNA in S. maritima. In order to develop transcriptomic resources for these species, 5 new reference transcriptomes (110 423 annotated contigs for the 5 species with 37 867 non-redundant contigs) were assembled and annotated. Co-alignments of parental and hybrid/allopolyploid haplotypes allowed the identification of homoeoSNPs discriminating homoelogs. The divergence between duplicated genes was used to identify and confirm the recent duplication events in Spartina. Phylogenomic approaches on Spartina were also initiated in this thesis in the perspective of exploring the evolutionary history of the duplicated copies
Rousseau, Mathieu. "Origine et évolution des génomes des espèces diploïdes et polyploïdes du genre Fragaria (fraisier)." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13567.
Full textBelcram, Harry. "Organisation, évolution et fonctionnement des gènes majeurs de domestication (Q/q) chez les blés polyploïdes." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0026/document.
Full textIn 2006, and after a century of investigations, the major domestication gene in polyploid wheat (5AQ), involved in non free threshing and spike easy beating, among many other traits, has been identified as a homolog of Apetala2 gene of Arabidopsis. While this represents an important breakthrough, nothing was yet known about the role of other homoeologs of the Q/q gene present in tetraploid (Triticum turgidum) and hexaploid (T. aestivum) wheat. In this context, my PhD thesis consists in characterizing organization, evolution and function of the major wheat domestication (Q/q) gene and its homoeologs in polyploid wheat. I realized first comparative sequencing and analysis of 11 genomic regions (BAC clones) spanning the Q/q gene homolog’s in different hexaploid, tetraploid and diploid wheat; constituting the most important comparative analysis done for this group of species. Comparisons show that only Q/q gene homologs are conserved in different genomes and across different ploidy levels and that the 5Bq homoeolog is pseudogenized in hexaploid wheat. The remaining genomic sequences, constituted of ~80% of transposable elements (TEs) are completely different when comparing A, B, D and S genomes between each others. On the contrary, TEs are more conserved between different haplotypes of a same genome and continue their active insertion and deletion dynamic, leading to 19 identified synteny breaks. Among these, I identified the first active Hélitron in wheat inserted into the 5Bq pseudogene of a hexaploid wheat cv. Renan. The Hélitron insertion was subsequently retraced as recently occurring whereas it could have been originated from the wild wheat Aegilops ventricosa which has been introgressed into hexaploid wheat. Functional analysis comparing phenotype, domestication traits, expression and interaction between different Q/q homoeologs was rendered possible using series of “deletion lines”, where one or several homoeologs were deleted. This allows determining the hyper-functionalization of 5AQ and the subfunctionalization of 5Dq and more interestingly the subfunctionalization of the pseudogene 5Bq. All three homoeologs were shown to contribute to the domestication traits and regulate each others.Precise sequence comparison of 5AQ and 5Aq alleles from different domesticated and wild genotypes allow identification of a SNP mutation, associated with domestication, in the target site of a micro RNA (miR172). Using an adapted semi-quantitative RACE-PCR, I showed that the mutation leads to less cleaved mRNA of the 5AQ gene by the miR172 and consequently its higher expression than the 5Aq allele. This also suggests a general role of miR172 in regulating the different homoeologs of the Q/q gene
Rousseau, Hélène. "Evolution des génomes polyploïdes et innovations fonctionnelles : contexte phylogénétique et origine du DMSP chez les spartines." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B031.
Full textDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an ecologically important molecule produced by most marine phytoplankton species, but very rarely by flowering plants: only in a few genera (including Spartina in Poaceae). Despite the different enzymatic steps involved in DMSP biosynthesis are well known, the origin of the function and the genes encoding the different enzymes are yet to be discovered. To explore the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the DMSP accumulation in Spartina, we used various approaches, including biochemical analyses, metabolomics, transcriptomics, comparative genomics and phylogenetics. Notably, we demonstrate that the ability to synthesize DMSP evolved once in the Spartina genus, sometimes 3-10 million years ago. This functional innovation occurred following the emergence of the hexaploid clade, and was inherited by all Spartina species deriving from this hexaploid ancestor. Spartina species belonging to the tetraploid clade and their deriving species do not accumulate DMSP (whatever their ploidy level). Using Poaceae sequenced genomes as well as Spartina genomic and transcriptomic resources obtained in our laboratory, candidate genes involved in the four different enzymatic steps of the DMSP biosynthesis pathway were searched. Identifying genes involved in the intermediate (2nd and 3rd) steps that are specific to this pathway was particularly challenging as only putative enzymatic activities have been proposed so far (corresponding protein sequences and genes are unknown). A set of candidate genes potentially involved in these two steps (with decarboxylase and amine oxydase activities) were identified and their transcription levels were compared among DMSP producing (DMSP+) and non-producing (DMSP-) Spartina species. Their putative cellular localization was also predicted. Moreover, enzymatic activity assays open new hypotheses and research perspectives regarding this enigmatic biosynthesis pathway in Spartina
Némorin, Alice. "Acquisition de connaissances sur la génétique de l'espèce Dioscorea alata L. pour la production de variétés polyploïdes." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0519/document.
Full textWe studied polyploidisation phenomena in the yam Dioscorea alata that includes three cytotypes -diploid (2n=40), triploid (2n=60) and tetraploid (2n=80) -in order to optimise polyploid hybrid production strategies. In this complex polyploid, the increase in ploidy is correlated with an increase in vigour and higher and more stable yields. We first showed the autotetraploidy of tetraploid varieties using three different approaches: heredity analyses of microsatellite markers, the observation of double reduction phenomena, and the study of meiosis of pollen mother cells. We then determined the mechanisms most likely to be at the origin of natural polyploids through the study of the transmission of parental heterozygoty using microsatellites and the study of incompatibilities at the endosperm level at the time of different intracytotypic and intercytotypic crosses using flow cytometry. The results obtained reveal that the polyploids of D. alata probably appeared through the formation of non-reduced gametes of diploid clones. The triploid pool would then have been constituted and diversified through the female pathway as a result of the non-viability of intercytotypic crosses and the sterility of female and male triploids. The tetraploid pool would have appeared as a result of the union of two non-reduced gametes of diploid clones (bilateral sexual polyploidisation). This pool would then have diversified through intercytotypic crosses with the formation of 2n gamètes through both the female and the male pathway, as well as by intracytotypic crosses within the 4X pool
Ferreira, de Carvalho Julie. "Évolution du génome des spartines polyploïdes envahissant les marais salés : apport des nouvelles techniques de séquençage haut-débit." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795861.
Full textAlbertin, Warren. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes dupliqués chez les polyploïdes : approche protéomique appliquée à l'analyse de Brassicacées autopolyploïdes et allopolyploïdes." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112161.
Full textPolyploidisation is a major evolutionary process in eukaryotes most flowering plants are polyploids or paleopolyploids, including major crop species understanding the mechanisms of regulation of duplicated gene expression in polyploids is thus essential for evolutionary genetics and plant breeding. The purposes of these thesis were i- to describe homologous gene expression in an autopolyploid (in which ihe chromosome sets originated from the same species) and in an allopolyploid model (in which the homeologous chromosome sets derived from more than one species through hybridization); ii- to characterize the genes targeted by differential gene regulation during polyploidisaiion and iii- t0 precise the underlying mechanisms. We first studied a brassica oleracea autopolyploidy series involving haploid, diploid and tetraploid cabbages. Gene expression was investigated at the protein level using comparative proteomics. Our results indicated that genome doubling did not alter significantly the proteomes of green tissues in b. Oleracea. To study gene expression during the early steps of allopolyploid formation, the oilseed rape b. Napus allotetraploid model was chosen. Comparative proteomics was applied to neo-synthesized b. Napus and its diploid progenitors b. Rapa and b. Oleracea. Several deviations from the additivity hypothesis (predicting a midparent proteome for the amphiploids) were observed (26-39% of polypeptides) non-stochastic gene expression re-patterning was found since 98% of the detected variations were reproducible in four independently created amphiploids the identification of the proteins displaying non-additive patterns is under process
Fortuné, Philippe. "Phylogénie et dynamique des gènes dupliqués chez les plantes polyploïdes : évolution dans les genres Bromus L. et Spartina Schreb. (Poaceae)." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S029.
Full textGenome duplication is an important speciation process in plants promoting diversification and adaptation. This work aims at unravelling the evolutionary history of polyploid lineages in genus Bromus and Spartina (Poaceae) that display polyploid species of ecological interest, due to their rapid expansion. Various phylogenetic analyses based on sequences from the chloroplast and the nuclear genomes have helped to elucidate the origin of the polyploidy. Reticulate evolution through allopolyploidy appears to be the rule in these groups, having an important impact on the ecological success of these species. Variable retention rates of homeologues were encountered for the nuclear Waxy gene depending on the lineages. The nuclear Waxy gene presented a variable retention rate of the homeologous copies depending on the lineages. No relaxation of selective constraints was detected on the retained gene copies
Cavé-Radet, Armand. "Évolution de la tolérance aux Hydrocarbures Aromatiques Polycycliques (HAPs) chez les spartines polyploïdes : analyses physiologiques et régulations transcriptomiques par les micro-ARNs." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B064/document.
Full textWe explored mechanisms involved in tolerance to organic xenobiotics belonging to PAHs (phenanthrene), in the context of allopolyploid speciation (hybrid genome duplication). We developed a comparative approach, using a recent allopolyploidization model including the hexaploid parental species S. alterniflora and S. maritima, and the allopolyploid S. anglica, which resulted from genome doubling of the F1 hybrid S. x townsendii. Integrative approach based on physiological and molecular analyses highlights that hybridization and genome doubling enhance tolerance to xenobiotics in Spartina. The paternal parent S. maritima exhibits higher sensitivity compared to the maternal parent S. alterniflora. Various transcriptomic analyses were performed, to identify de novo stress responsive transcripts, and to annotate small RNAs (miRNAs, their target genes, and siRNAs) involved in gene expression and transposable element regulations. Differential expression analyses in response to stress allowed us to develop a putative miRNA regulatory network (miRNA/target genes) in response to PAH, functionally validated in Arabidopsis as heterologous system. An exploratory profiling of Spartina rhizosphere microbiome exposed to phenanthrene was also performed to characterize environmental degradation abilities, in the perspective of optimizing green remediation strategies
Books on the topic "Polyploïdes"
Parthenogenesis and Polyploidy in Mammalian Development. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.
Find full textMason, Annaliese S. Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textMason, Annaliese S. Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full textPolyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Find full textMason, Annaliese S. Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Find full text