Academic literature on the topic 'Polyploid Wheat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polyploid Wheat"
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Krasileva, Ksenia V., Hans A. Vasquez-Gross, Tyson Howell, Paul Bailey, Francine Paraiso, Leah Clissold, James Simmonds, et al. "Uncovering hidden variation in polyploid wheat." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 6 (January 17, 2017): E913—E921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619268114.
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Comprehensive reverse genetic resources, which have been key to understanding gene function in diploid model organisms, are missing in many polyploid crops. Young polyploid species such as wheat, which was domesticated less than 10,000 y ago, have high levels of sequence identity among subgenomes that mask the effects of recessive alleles. Such redundancy reduces the probability of selection of favorable mutations during natural or human selection, but also allows wheat to tolerate high densities of induced mutations. Here we exploited this property to sequence and catalog more than 10 million mutations in the protein-coding regions of 2,735 mutant lines of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. We detected, on average, 2,705 and 5,351 mutations per tetraploid and hexaploid line, respectively, which resulted in 35–40 mutations per kb in each population. With these mutation densities, we identified an average of 23–24 missense and truncation alleles per gene, with at least one truncation or deleterious missense mutation in more than 90% of the captured wheat genes per population. This public collection of mutant seed stocks and sequence data enables rapid identification of mutations in the different copies of the wheat genes, which can be combined to uncover previously hidden variation. Polyploidy is a central phenomenon in plant evolution, and many crop species have undergone recent genome duplication events. Therefore, the general strategy and methods developed herein can benefit other polyploid crops.
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Breiman, Adina, and Dan Graur. "WHEAT EVOLUTION." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 43, no. 2 (May 13, 1995): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1995.10676595.
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Many wild and cultivated wheat species are amphidiploid, i.e., they are polyploid species containing two or more distinct nuclear genomes, each with its own independent evolutionary history, but whose genetic behavior resembles that of diploids. Amphidiploidy has important evolutionary consequences in wheat. Since the beginning of this century different methods have been employed to identify the diploid donors of the coexisting genomes in the polyploids. To date, several of the genomic donors have been identified, and the search for the others has been narrowed down considerably. Molecular methodologies that are being increasingly used in studies aimed at reconstructing the evolutionary history of wheat species and their wild relatives have resolved many of the phylogenetic relationships among the various taxa.
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Kerby, K., and J. Kuspira. "The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum (macaroni wheat)." Genome 29, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 722–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-124.
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The phylogeny of the polyploid wheats has been the subject of intense research and speculation during the past 70 years. Various experimental approaches have been employed to ascertain the diploid progenitors of these wheats. The species having donated the D genome to Triticum aestivum has been unequivocally identified as Aegilops squarrosa. On the basis of evidence from many studies, Triticum monococcum has been implicated as the source of the A genome in both Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. However, numerous studies since 1968 have shown that Triticum urartu is very closely related to Triticum monococcum and that it also carries the A genome. These studies have prompted the speculation that Triticum urartu may be the donor of this chromosome set to the polyploid wheats. The donor of the B genome to Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum remains equivocal and controversial. Six different diploid species have been implicated as putative B genome donors: Aegilops bicornis, Aegilops longissima, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops sharonensis, Aegilops speltoides, and Triticum urartu. Until recently, evidence presented by different researchers had not permitted an unequivocal identification of the progenitor of the B genome in polyploid wheats. Recent studies, involving all diploid and polyploid wheats and putative B genome donors, lead to the conclusion that Aegilops speltoides and Triticum urartu can be excluded as B genome donors and that Aegilops searsii is the most likely source of this chromosome set. The possibility of the B genome having arisen from an AAAA autotetraploid or having a polyphyletic origin is discussed. Key words: phylogeny; Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum; A, B, and D genomes.
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Talbert, L. E., G. Kimber, G. M. Magyar, and C. B. Buchanan. "Repetitive DNA variation and pivotal–differential evolution of wild wheats." Genome 36, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-003.
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Several polyploid species in the genus Triticum contain a U genome derived from the diploid T. umbellulatum. In these species, the U genome is considered to be unmodified from the diploid based on chromosome pairing analysis, and it is referred to as pivotal. The additional genome(s) are considered to be modified, and they are thus referred to as differential genomes. The M genome derived from the diploid T. comosum is found in many U genome polyploids. In this study, we cloned three repetitive DNA sequences found primarily in the U genome and two repetitive DNA sequences found primarily in the M genome. We used these to monitor variation for these sequences in a large set of species containing U and M genomes. Investigation of sympatric and allopatric accessions of polyploid species did not show repetitive DNA similarities among sympatric species. This result does not support the idea that the polyploid species are continually exchanging genetic information through introgression. However, it is also possible that repetitive DNA is not a suitable means of addressing the question of introgression. The U genomes of both diploid and polyploid U genome species were similar regarding hybridization patterns observed with U genome probes. Much more variation was found both among diploid T. comosum accessions and polyploids containing M genomes. The observed variation supports the cytogenetic evidence that the M genome is more variable than the U genome. It also raises the possibility that the differential nature of the M genome may be due to variation within the diploid T. comosum, as well as among polyploid M genome species and accessions.Key words: wheat, molecular, evolution, introgression.
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Bento, Miguel, J. Perry Gustafson, Wanda Viegas, and Manuela Silva. "Size matters in Triticeae polyploids: larger genomes have higher remodeling." Genome 54, no. 3 (March 2011): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-107.
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Polyploidization is one of the major driving forces in plant evolution and is extremely relevant to speciation and diversity creation. Polyploidization leads to a myriad of genetic and epigenetic alterations that ultimately generate plants and species with increased genome plasticity. Polyploids are the result of the fusion of two or more genomes into the same nucleus and can be classified as allopolyploids (different genomes) or autopolyploids (same genome). Triticeae synthetic allopolyploid species are excellent models to study polyploids evolution, particularly the wheat–rye hybrid triticale, which includes various ploidy levels and genome combinations. In this review, we reanalyze data concerning genomic analysis of octoploid and hexaploid triticale and different synthetic wheat hybrids, in comparison with other polyploid species. This analysis reveals high levels of genomic restructuring events in triticale and wheat hybrids, namely major parental band disappearance and the appearance of novel bands. Furthermore, the data shows that restructuring depends on parental genomes, ploidy level, and sequence type (repetitive, low copy, and (or) coding); is markedly different after wide hybridization or genome doubling; and affects preferentially the larger parental genome. The shared role of genetic and epigenetic modifications in parental genome size homogenization, diploidization establishment, and stabilization of polyploid species is discussed.
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Blake, Nancy K., Ben R. Lehfeldt, Matt Lavin, and Luther E. Talbert. "Phylogenetic reconstruction based on low copy DNA sequence data in an allopolyploid: The B genome of wheat." Genome 42, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-136.
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Study of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) may help to resolve several questions related to polyploid evolution. One such question regards the possibility that the component genomes of polyploids may themselves be polyphyletic, resulting from hybridization and introgression among different polyploid species sharing a single genome. We used the B genome of wheat as a model system to test hypotheses that bear on the monophyly or polyphyly of the individual constituent genomes. By using aneuploid wheat stocks, combined with PCR-based cloning strategies, we cloned and sequenced two single-copy-DNA sequences from each of the seven chromosomes of the wheat B genome and the homologous sequences from representatives of the five diploid species in section Sitopsis previously suggested as sister groups to the B genome. Phylogenetic comparisons of sequence data suggested that the B genome of wheat underwent a genetic bottleneck and has diverged from the diploid B genome donor. The extent of genetic diversity among the Sitopsis diploids and the failure of any of the Sitopsis species to group with the wheat B genome indicated that these species have also diverged from the ancestral B genome donor. Our results support monophyly of the wheat B genome.Key words: wheat evolution, phylogenetics, DNA sequencing.
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Liu, B., C. L. Brubaker, G. Mergeai, R. C. Cronn, and J. F. Wendel. "Polyploid formation in cotton is not accompanied by rapid genomic changes." Genome 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-011.
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Recent work has demonstrated that allopolyploid speciation in plants may be associated with non-Mendelian genomic changes in the early generations following polyploid synthesis. To address the question of whether rapid genomic changes also occur in allopolyploid cotton (Gossypium) species, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed to evaluate nine sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid and allohexaploid plants, their parents, and the selfed progeny from colchicine-doubled synthetics. Using both methylation-sensitive and methylation-insensitive enzymes, the extent of fragment additivity in newly combined genomes was ascertained for a total of approximately 22 000 genomic loci. Fragment additivity was observed in nearly all cases, with the few exceptions most likely reflecting parental heterozygosity or experimental error. In addition, genomic Southern analysis on six sets of synthetic allopolyploids probed with five retrotransposons also revealed complete additivity. Because no alterations were observed using methylation-sensitive isoschizomers, epigenetic changes following polyploid synthesis were also minimal. These indications of genomic additivity and epigenetic stasis during allopolyploid formation provide a contrast to recent evidence from several model plant allopolyploids, most notably wheat and Brassica, where rapid and unexplained genomic changes have been reported. In addition, the data contrast with evidence from repetitive DNAs in Gossypium, some of which are subject to non-Mendelian molecular evolutionary phenomena in extant polyploids. These contrasts indicate polyploid speciation in plants is accompanied by a diverse array of molecular evolutionary phenomena, which will vary among both genomic constituents and taxa.Key words: polyploidy, genome evolution, cotton, Gossypium, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).
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Faris, J., B. Friebe, and B. Gill. "Wheat Genomics: Exploring the Polyploid Model." Current Genomics 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202023350219.
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Ramírez-González, R. H., P. Borrill, D. Lang, S. A. Harrington, J. Brinton, L. Venturini, M. Davey, et al. "The transcriptional landscape of polyploid wheat." Science 361, no. 6403 (August 16, 2018): eaar6089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar6089.
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The coordinated expression of highly related homoeologous genes in polyploid species underlies the phenotypes of many of the world’s major crops. Here we combine extensive gene expression datasets to produce a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis of homoeolog expression patterns in hexaploid bread wheat. Bias in homoeolog expression varies between tissues, with ~30% of wheat homoeologs showing nonbalanced expression. We found expression asymmetries along wheat chromosomes, with homoeologs showing the largest inter-tissue, inter-cultivar, and coding sequence variation, most often located in high-recombination distal ends of chromosomes. These transcriptionally dynamic genes potentially represent the first steps toward neo- or subfunctionalization of wheat homoeologs. Coexpression networks reveal extensive coordination of homoeologs throughout development and, alongside a detailed expression atlas, provide a framework to target candidate genes underpinning agronomic traits in wheat.
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Muterko, Alexandr, and Elena Salina. "VRN1-ratio test for polyploid wheat." Planta 250, no. 6 (September 16, 2019): 1955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03279-z.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyploid Wheat"
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Brinton, Jemima. "Deciphering the molecular mechanisms controlling grain length and width in polyploid wheat." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66937/.
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There is an urgent need to increase crop yields to address food insecurity. Grain weight, determined by grain length and width, is an important component of final grain yield. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that control grain weight in polyploid wheat is limited. The overall aim of this thesis was to understand the mechanisms that control grain length and width in hexaploid wheat through the characterisation of two previously identified grain weight quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 5A and 6A. Using near isogenic lines (NILs) we found that the 5A and 6A QTL act through different mechanisms to increase grain weight. The 5A QTL acts post-fertilisation, primarily to increase grain length (4.0%) through increased pericarp cell size. The 5A QTL also has a pleiotropic effect on grain width (1.5%) during late grain development. The 6A QTL acts during very early grain development, perhaps pre-fertilisation, and specifically increases final grain width (2.3%). Fine-mapping reduced the QTL mapping intervals and revealed complex underlying genetic architectures. The 6A QTL mapped to a large linkage block in the centromeric region of chromosome 6A containing the known grain size gene, TaGW2_A, although we provide evidence to suggest that this is not the causal gene underlying the 6A QTL. Fine-mapping of the 5A QTL suggests that two tightly linked genes with an additive effect on grain length underlie the locus. A haplotype analysis suggests that the 5A QTL is not fixed in UK germplasm. The corresponding physical intervals for both the 6A and 5A QTL remain large and contain several hundred genes, making speculation on candidates for the causal genes difficult. A transcriptomics study with the 5A NILs provided insight into the genes and pathways that are differentially regulated and hence may play a role in controlling the differences in grain weight.
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Adamski, Nikolai. "Cloning and characterization of the dominant Inhibitor of Wax 1 (Iw1) gene in polyploid wheat." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48758/.
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The Inhibitor of Wax 1 (Iw1) is a dominant inhibitor of glaucousness, the whitish waxy bloom present on the aerial surfaces of a wheat plant: The presence of Iw1 leads to non-glaucousness. In previous work a doubled-haploid population segregating for the presence of the Iw1 locus was created. The non-glaucous doubled-haploid lines of this population showed increases in yield and green-canopy duration under UK conditions compared to their glaucous counterparts by on average 4.15% and 1.5 days, respectively. The aim of this study was to identify Iw1 via a positional cloning approach and to characterize its effects on yield and green-canopy duration in a field-grown set of glaucous and non-glaucous Near Isogenic Lines (NILs). In addition a number of physiological experiments were carried out on these NILs to determine the effects of non-glaucousness on light reflectance and transmission as well as on water-use efficiency (WUE). Finally, the composition of surface waxes in glaucous and non-glaucous NILs was elucidated using a combination of electron microscopy and biochemical methods. Here, we have fine-mapped Iw1 to a 0.42-cM interval on the short arm of chromosome 2B and we have constructed a physical map, which is currently 1,200 kb in size. Gene models were predicted in silico and we have begun to test candidate genes using allelic diversity and expression analysis. The results of our physiological experiments clearly show a reduction in light reflectance and a possible increase in light transmission through the canopy leaves in non-glaucous NILs. We could not detect a negative effect on WUE in field-grown NILs nor did we identify significant increases in yield. A consistent extension in green-canopy duration was associated with the Iw1 region, although not significant in all years. Our analysis of the composition of surface waxes has shown that only a discrete type of wax, the β–diketone aliphatics, is being inhibited by Iw1.
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Martinez, Perez Enrique. "Centromeres, polyploidy and chromosome pairing." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365011.
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Bento, Miguel Ângelo Martins Oliveira. "Characterization of genomic polyploids plasticity in the wheat-rye system." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3833.
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Doutoramento em Biologia - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaPolyploidization is a remarkable driving force in plant evolution, where hybridization and chromosome doubling result in huge genomic stress. Deeper knowledge about parental genomes behaviour in a hybrid nucleus and on processes underlying genetic and epigenetic modifications induced by polyploidization is essential to understand such evolutive process. Using triticale as model species we evaluated the impact of polyploidization through molecular and cytological approaches. Genomic rearrangements involving retrotransposons and microsatellites related sequences include both repetitive and coding sequences, and revealed a preferential loss of rye-origin bands. Chromosome distribution of such marker sequences demonstrated moreover enrichment in heterochromatic domains. Intensification of rye genome rearrangements was also disclosed in wheat lines with disomic additions of rye chromosomes, probably due to unbalanced genomic constitution. An integrative review of genomic modulation evaluated in Triticeae hybrid/polyploidy species unravelled furthermore higher restructuring of larger parental genomes, emphasizing the importance of genome size homogenization. Epigenetic analysis of nucleolar dominance in wheat addition line with rye nucleolar chromosomes revealed an unexpected up-regulation of ribosomal genes from wheat-origin, suggesting that mutual and opposite expression patterns modifications are induced by genome interactions. Altogether we demonstrate that heterochromatic domains are highly involved in parental genomes adjustments required to polyploids stabilization.--------------------------------------------A poliploidização é uma das principais forças evolutivas em plantas, sendo essencial um conhecimento profundo dos processos subjacentes às alterações genómicas e epigenéticas associadas a este processo evolutivo. O triticale foi utilizado como espécie modelo para avaliar o impacto da poliploidização utilizando técnicas moleculares e citológicas. Identificaram-se rearranjos genómicos envolvendo sequências repetitivas e codificantes associadas a retrotransposões e microssatélites, afectando preferencialmente o genoma de centeio. A distribuição cromossómica dessas sequências demonstrou a sua predominância em domínios heterocromáticos. Paralelamente, em linhas de trigo com a adição dos cromossomas de centeio, observou-se uma intensificação de rearranjos nesse genoma, provavelmente resultante do desequilíbrio genómico parental. A integração dos estudos realizados em híbridos/poliplóides pertencentes à tribo Triticeae demonstrou a reestruturação preferencial do genoma parental maior, realçando a importância da homogeneização genómica. A análise epigenética dos genes ribossomais na linha de trigo com introgressão de cromossomas nucleolares de centeio, indica que o processo de dominância nucleolar induz modificações mútuas dos padrões de expressão genica dos progenitores. Este trabalho enfatiza assim a importância da modulação dos domínios heterocromáticos parentais na estabilização dos organismos poliploides
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Pumphrey, Michael Odell. "Towards map-based cloning of Fusarium head blight resistance QTL Fhb1 and non-additive expression of homoeologous genes in allohexaploid wheat." Diss., Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32793.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Plant Pathology
Bikram S. Gill
Wheat is the most widely grown and consumed grain crop in the world. In order to meet future agricultural production requirements of a growing population, it is essential that we achieve an increased understanding of the basic components and mechanisms shaping growth and productivity of the polyploid wheat plant. Fusarium head blight (FHB) (syn. "scab") poses a serious threat to the quantity and safety of the world's food supply. The resistance locus Fhb1 has provided partial resistance to FHB of wheat for nearly four decades. Map-based cloning of Fhb1 is justified by its significant and consistent effects on reducing disease levels, the importance of FHB in global wheat production and food safety, and because this gene confers partial resistance to this disease and does not appear to behave in a gene-for-gene manner. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig spanning the Fhb1 region was developed from the cultivar 'Chinese Spring', sequenced and seven candidate genes were identified in an ~250 kb region. Cosmid clones for each of the seven candidate genes were isolated from a line containing Fhb1 and used for genetic transformation by biolistic bombardment. Transgenic lines were recovered for five candidate genes and evaluated for FHB resistance. All failed to complement the Fhb1 phenotype. Fhb1 is possibly one of the two remaining candidate genes, an unknown regulatory element in this region, or is not present in Chinese Spring. Traditional views on the effects of polyploidy in allohexaploid wheat have primarily emphasized aspects of coding sequence variation and the enhanced potential to acquire new gene functions through mutation of redundant loci. At the same time, the extent and significance of regulatory variation has been relatively unexplored. Recent investigations have suggested that differential expression of homoeologous transcripts, or subfunctionalization, is common in natural bread wheat. In order to establish a timeline for such regulatory changes and estimate the frequency of non-additive expression of homoeologous transcripts in newly formed T. aestivum, gene expression was characterized in a synthetic T. aestivum line and its T. turgidum and Aegilops tauschii parents by cDNA-SSCP and microarray expression experiments. The cDNA-SSCP analysis of 30 arbitrarily selected homoeologous transcripts revealed that four (~13%) showed differential expression of homoeoalleles in seedling leaf tissue of synthetic T. aestivum. In microarray expression experiments, synthetic T. aestivum gene expression was compared to mid-parent expression level estimates calculated from parental expression levels. Approximately 16% of genes were inferred to display non-additive expression in synthetic T. aestivum. Six homoeologous transcripts classified as non-additively expressed in microarray experiments were characterized by cDNA-SSCP. Expression patterns of these six transcripts suggest that cis-acting regulatory variation is often responsible for non-additive gene expression levels. These results demonstrate that allopolyploidization, per se, results in rapid initiation of differential expression of homoeologous loci and non-additive gene expression in synthetic T. aestivum.
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Pont, Caroline. "La recherche translationnelle chez le blé tendre : comprendre l'évolution de son génome pour améliorer ses caractères agronomiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22732/document.
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Dans l’alimentation humaine, le blé joue un rôle capital du fait de sa valeur nutritive. Une hausse de la production de plus de 20 % sera nécessaire d’ici 2050 simplement pour garantir aux populations les standards actuels de consommation alimentaire. Prenant en compte les bouleversements climatiques créant des contraintes environnementales conséquentes, l’amélioration du rendement en blé sans perte de qualité devient un réel défi mondial. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ma thèse.La génomique translationnelle est une approche intégrative qui fait le lien entre Recherche Fondamentale et Appliquée, où les espèces modèles jouent le rôle de pivot pour étudier les espèces d’intérêt agronomique. J’ai mis en œuvre cette approche de recherche translationnelle pour étudier finement l’histoire évolutive, l’organisation et la régulation du génome du blé. Le blé est une espèce polyploïde qui a subi des duplications chromosomiques récentes (500 000 et 10 000 ans) et anciennes (<90 millions d’années). Mes travaux ont consisté à utiliser les espèces de céréales apparentées pour étudier l’impact de ces duplications sur la plasticité structurale et expressionnelle des copies de gènes dupliqués du blé moderne. Mes travaux ont montré que la polyploïdie chez le blé est suivie d’une diploïdisation. Cette diploïdisation est en cours chez le blé moderne ; elle consiste en l’accumulation de mutations, de perte de gènes ou de modification de l’expression des gènes dupliqués. Cette diploïdisation est non aléatoire ; elle génère des blocs chromosomiques dominants à forte stabilité et d’autres plus sensibles, à forte plasticité. Au travers de l’analyse du génome du blé, la polyploïdie apparaît comme une force majeure de l’évolution, voire de l’adaptation, en permettant la spécialisation structurale et fonctionnelle des gènes surnuméraires. Cette asymétrie de plasticité structurale et expressionnelle post-polyploïdie entraine in fine la diploïdisation des phénotypes. Mes travaux de thèse l’illustre au travers de l’analyse des bases génétiques de l’inhibition du tallage, contrôlée par une insertion de 109bp codant pour un microRNA porté uniquement par la région chromosomique 1A, dite sensible. Mes travaux montrent une quasi-complète diploïdisation structurale, expressionnelle et phénotypique du blé tendre moderne ouvrant la question d’une re-définition du concept « d’espèces polyploïdes » au regard des analyses génomiques qui peuvent être conduites aujourd’hui, comme cette thèse en est une illustrationWheat plays a key role in Human food due to its nutritional value. Wheat production needs to be increased by more than 20% by 2050 to guarantee current human consumption standards. Taking into account climatic changes with high level of environmental constraints, yield improvement without quality loss became a big challenge. This consists in the economical and societal context of the current doctoral thesis.The integrative translational genomic approach consists in transferring fundamental knowledge gained from model species to applied practices for breeding in crops. This strategy was used here to study the evolutionary history, the organization and the regulation of the modern bread wheat genome. Modern wheat is a polypoid species deriving from two hybridization events between diploid progenitors 500 000 and 10 000 years ago, as well as a more ancient that dated back to more than 90 million years ago. The current research consisted in using cereal species closely related to wheat to study the impact of these duplications on the structural and expression plasticity of duplicated genes in wheat.My results established that the diploidization process is in progress in wheat after the successive rounds of polyploidization events. This diploidization consists in the accumulation of mutations, gene loss or expression modification between duplicated genes. This diploidization is nonrandom at the genome level; generating dominant chromosomic regions with high stability in contrast to others regions more sensitive with high plasticity. Based on such wheat genome evolutionary analysis, polyploidy appears as a major evolutionary force driving plant adaptation through structural and expressional specialization of duplicated genes.Such post-polyploidy genomic asymmetry drives finally the phenotype diploidization as illustrated in the current research with the study of genetic basis of the tiller inhibition Trait. This trait seems to be driven by a 109 pb insertion coding for a microRNA located solely on the chromosome 1A, known as a sensitive genomic fraction.The current research established that the modern bread wheat has been quasi-entirely diploidized at the structural, expressional and phenotypic levels, now requiring a new definition of the polypoid concept in line with current genomic investigations, as illustrated in the current thesis
Book chapters on the topic "Polyploid Wheat"
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Ni, Zhongfu, Yingyin Yao, Huiru Peng, Zhaorong Hu, and Qixin Sun. "Genomics and Heterosis in Hexaploid Wheat." In Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics, 105–15. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118552872.ch6.
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Feldman, Moshe, Avraham Levy, Boulos Chalhoub, and Khalil Kashkush. "Genomic Plasticity in Polyploid Wheat." In Polyploidy and Genome Evolution, 109–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31442-1_7.
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Arnaud, Dominique, Houda Chelaifa, Joseph Jahier, and Boulos Chalhoub. "Reprogramming of Gene Expression in the Genetically Stable Bread Allohexaploid Wheat." In Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics, 195–211. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118552872.ch12.
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Gill, Bikram S., and B. Friebe. "Nucleocytoplasmic Interaction Hypothesis of Genome Evolution and Speciation in Polyploid Plants Revisited: Polyploid Species-Specific Chromosomal Polymorphisms in Wheat." In Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics, 213–21. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118552872.ch13.
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Maccaferri, Marco, Martina Bruschi, and Roberto Tuberosa. "Sequence-Based Marker Assisted Selection in Wheat." In Wheat Improvement, 513–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_28.
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AbstractWheat improvement has traditionally been conducted by relying on artificial crossing of suitable parental lines followed by selection of the best genetic combinations. At the same time wheat genetic resources have been characterized and exploited with the aim of continuously improving target traits. Over this solid framework, innovations from emerging research disciplines have been progressively added over time: cytogenetics, quantitative genetics, chromosome engineering, mutagenesis, molecular biology and, most recently, comparative, structural, and functional genomics with all the related -omics platforms. Nowadays, the integration of these disciplines coupled with their spectacular technical advances made possible by the sequencing of the entire wheat genome, has ushered us in a new breeding paradigm on how to best leverage the functional variability of genetic stocks and germplasm collections. Molecular techniques first impacted wheat genetics and breeding in the 1980s with the development of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based approaches. Since then, steady progress in sequence-based, marker-assisted selection now allows for an unprecedently accurate ‘breeding by design’ of wheat, progressing further up to the pangenome-based level. This chapter provides an overview of the technologies of the ‘circular genomics era’ which allow breeders to better characterize and more effectively leverage the huge and largely untapped natural variability present in the Triticeae gene pool, particularly at the tetraploid level, and its closest diploid and polyploid ancestors and relatives.
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Badaeva, Ekaterina D., Olga S. Dedkova, V. A. Pukhalskyi, and A. V. Zelenin. "Chromosomal Changes over the Course of Polyploid Wheat Evolution and Domestication." In Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field, 83–89. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55675-6_9.
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Guo, Hui-jun, Yong-dun Xie, Lin-shu Zhao, Hong-chun Xiong, Jia-yu Gu, Shi-rong Zhao, and Lu-xiang Liu. "Progress of mutant resource development and tilling on starch biosynthesis in wheat." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 280–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0028.
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Abstract Induced mutations have been widely utilized for the development of plant mutant germplasm and varieties since 1927 and have contributed to genetic diversity enhancement and food security in the world. Mutant resources are essential for gene identification and functional characterization by forward and reverse genetic strategies. The publishing of annotated wheat reference genomes is greatly promoting the progress of wheat functional genomic research. Mutant resources of a broad spectrum and diversified wild- types will be the prerequisites in this process, in part due to the polyploid nature of wheat. This review describes the progress of mutant resource development derived from the winter wheat cultivar 'Jing411'. The segregating M2 population has been used for mining functional mutant alleles of key genes involved in starch biosynthesis and could be further used for allele mining of any other target genes. The morphological mutant resources developed from various mutagens have been, and are going to be, used to develop genetic populations for gene mapping and the genetic analysis of biological functions.
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Weeks, Donald P. "Gene Editing in Polyploid Crops: Wheat, Camelina, Canola, Potato, Cotton, Peanut, Sugar Cane, and Citrus." In Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, 65–80. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.002.
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"Allopolyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization for Wheat Improvement." In Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement, 27–53. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369259-3.
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"Allopolyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization for Wheat Improvement." In Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement, 43–69. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2016] |: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369259-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Polyploid Wheat"
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Rustamov, A. R., A. Ergashev, and A. Abdulloev. "INFLUENCE OF SOIL DROUGHT ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF POLYPLOID VARIETIES OF SOFT WHEAT." In The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-697-699.
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