Journal articles on the topic 'Polyp growth'
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Zulfikar, Zulfikar, Dedi Soedharma, Zulfigar Yasin, and Aileen Tan Shau Hwai. "Fragmentation method of coral (Caulastrea furcata) for growth measured at controlling condition." Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/aa.v1i1.293.
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The objective of the research are: (1) to analyze the water quality condition of water circulation system at laboratory and (2) to measure the growth (length and height) and survival rate of Caulastrea furcata which was fragmented at the laboratory. The water quality condition at the laboratory showed that every parameter has normal value in which organism can live and grow. Natural feed such as Copepoda and Nannoclhoropsis were also cultured at the laboratory as food for the coral. Transplantation was done by cutting the colony of coral or by breaking the branch of coral into pieces from every kind of coral spesies and placed those on artificial substrate made from ceramic bricks. Cutting process was done after the acclimatization process. Fragmentation treatment of C. furcata become 1 polyp, 2 polyp, 3 polyp and 4 polyp that was reared on circulation system did not give significant impact on height and length growth after 160 days. Mean of growth length of C. furcata on treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 polyps in every month after 160 days was 1.64 mm, 1.55 mm, 1.42 mm and 1.08 mm, respectively, whereas mean of growth broad was 0.71 mm, 0.82 mm, 0.51 mm and 0.62 mm, respectively. Fragmentation treatment of C. furcata become 1 polyp was best length if compare other treatment.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) menganalisis kondisi kualitas air pada system sirkulasi air di laboratorium dan (2) mengukur pertumbuhan (panjang dan tinggi) dan tingkat kelulushidupan Caulastrea furcate yang telah difrakmentasi di laboratorium. Nilai kualitas air menunjukkan bahwa setiap parameter adalah normal dan dapat mendukung kehidupan dan pertumbuhan organisme. Pakan alami seperti Copepoda dan Nannoclhoropsis yang juga dikultur di laboratorium sebagai pakan karang. Tansplantasi dilakukan melalui pemotongan koloni karang pada bagian cabang karang kedalam bagian kecil dari setiap spesies karang dan ditempatkan pada subtrak buatan yang dibuat dari keramik. Proses pemotongan dilakukan setelah proses aklimatisasi dilakukan. Perlakuan frakmentasi C. furcate menjadi 1 polip, 2 polip, 3 polip dan 4 polip kemudian didedahkan dalam air berskirkulasi tidak memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi dan panjang setelah 160 hari. Rata-rata pertambahan lebar pada perlakuan 1, 2, 3 dan 4 polip pada setiap bulan setelah 160 hari adalah 1.64 mm, 1.55 mm, 1.42 mm dan 1.08 mm. dimana rata-rata pertumbuhan tinggi secara berurutan adalah 0.71 mm, 0.82 mm, 0.51 mm dan 0.62 mm. Perlakuan frakmentasi 1 polip pada C. furcate menghasilkan panjang terbaik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.
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Lin, Chiahsin, Chia-Ming Kang, Chih-Yang Huang, Hsing-Hui Li, and Sujune Tsai. "Study on the Development and Growth of Coral Larvae." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 5255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105255.
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Studies on the early development of corals are required for academic research on coral reefs and applied reef conservation, but the interval between observations is usually weeks or months. Thus, no study has comprehensively explored the development of coral larvae after settlement. This study observed Galaxea fascicularis, Mycedium elephantotus, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Seriatopora caliendrum larvae after settlement, including their growth process and the formation of tentacles, skeletons, and polyps. The G. fascicularis and M. elephantotus polyps exhibited the skeleton-over-polyp mechanism, whereas the P. verrucosa and S. caliendrum polyps exhibited the polyp-over-skeleton mechanism. During asexual reproduction, the Symbiodiniaceae species clustered on the coenosarc, resulting in polyp development and skeletal growth. M. Elephantotus was unique in that its tentacles were umbrella-shaped, and its polyp growth and Symbiodiniaceae species performance during asexual reproduction differed from those of the other three corals. Although both P. verrucosa and S. caliendrum have branching morphologies, their vertical development stages were dissimilar. S. caliendrum relied on the mutual pushing of individuals in the colony to extend upward, whereas P. verrucosa had a center individual that developed vertically. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for future research on coral breeding, growth, and health assessments.
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Wilson, L. S., and J. Lightwood. "Model of estimated rates of colorectal cancer from polyp growth by year of surveillance." Journal of Medical Screening 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jms.8.4.187.
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OBJECTIVE:Most studies show protective effects of non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAIDs) against polyps and colorectal cancers (CRCs) of up to 50%. Current models are unable to directly estimate changes in effects of chemoprevention on CRCs. The purpose is to develop a model to examine effects of changes in growth rates of polyps on surveillance intervals and risk of CRC . METHODS:The growth model simulates 500 people after polypectomy, estimating number and size of polyps annually over 10 years. Each polyp is assigned a random growth rate consistent with distributions of empirically observed growth assumed to follow a log linear model. Rates of CRC were calculated from largest polyps distributed to people. RESULTS:Simulated distributions of polyps and CRCs closely match empirical estimates which confirms the usefulness of the model. If polyp growth is 25% of normal, the number of cancers by year 10 after index colonoscopy decrease from 146 to only 57/100 000 for those in risk group 0 (no polyps at index colonoscopy) and from 840 to 124/100 000 for those of risk group 3 (4 or more polyps). CONCLUSIONS:This is the first model based on polyp growth rates. The CRC rates suggest that for those with no polyps on index colonoscopy, surveillance may be as for people of average risk (7–10 years), whereas those with one polyp or more need more surveillance (2–5 years). The use of the model is the indication that surveillance intervals could be increased by as much as 2–10 years if the growth rates of polyps are slowed.
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Gösser, Fabian, Arne Raulf, Axel Mosig, Ralph Tollrian, and Maximilian Schweinsberg. "Signaling pathways of heat- and hypersalinity-induced polyp bailout in Pocillopora acuta." Coral Reefs 40, no. 6 (November 9, 2021): 1713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-021-02191-x.
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AbstractPolyp bailout is a drastic response to acute stress where coral coloniality breaks down and polyps detach. We induced polyp bailout in Pocillopora acuta with heat stress and tested for differential gene expression using RNAseq and a qPCR assay. Furthermore, we induced polyp bailout with hypersalinity and compared the results to identify stressor-independent signals and pathways active during polyp bailout. Both stressors led to the onset of polyp bailout and the detachment of vital polyps. We observed activation of microbe-associated molecular pattern receptors and downstream signaling pathways of the innate immune system. Further, we detected growth factors and genes active during Wnt-signaling potentially contributing to wound healing, regeneration, and proliferation. Upregulation of several genes encoding for matrix metalloproteinases and the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway are the most likely involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, as well as in the detachment of polyps from the calcareous skeleton during polyp bailout. Expression of genes of interest in our qPCR assay of vital polyps from our heat-stress experiment, showed a trend for a normalization of gene expression after polyp bailout. Our results provide new insights into the signaling cascades leading to the observed physiological responses during polyp bailout. Comparison between the two stressors showed that certain signaling pathways are independent of the stressor and suggested that polyp bailout is a general response of corals to acute stress. Furthermore, immune system responses during polyp bailout indicate that microbe-associated partners of corals may lead to the polyp bailout response.
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Baltgalvis, Kristen A., Franklin G. Berger, Maria Marjorette O. Peña, J. Mark Davis, and James A. Carson. "Effect of exercise on biological pathways in ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal polyps." Journal of Applied Physiology 104, no. 4 (April 2008): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00955.2007.
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Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated that level of exercise is associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk. Treadmill training can decrease Apc Min/+ mouse intestinal polyp number and size, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the molecular changes in the tumor following exercise training may provide insight on the mechanism by which exercise decreases Apc Min/+ mouse polyp formation and growth. The purpose of this study was to determine if exercise can modulate Apc Min/+ mouse intestinal polyp cellular signaling related to tumor formation and growth. Male Apc Min/+ mice were randomly assigned to control ( n = 20) or exercise ( n = 20) treatment groups. Exercised mice ran on a treadmill at a moderate intensity (18 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/wk, 5% grade) for 9 wk. Polyps from Apc Min/+ mice were used to quantify markers of polyp inflammation, apoptosis, and β-catenin signaling. Exercise decreased the number of macrophages in polyps by 35%. Related to apoptosis, exercise decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells by 73% in all polyps. Bax protein expression in polyps was decreased 43% by exercise. β-Catenin phosphorylation was elevated 3.3-fold in polyps from exercised mice. Moderate-intensity exercise training alters cellular pathways in Apc Min/+ mouse polyps, and these changes may be related to the exercise-induced reduction in polyp formation and growth.
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Yariktas, Murat, Fehmi Doner, Recep Sutcu, Mustafa Demirci, Harun Dogru, and Hasan Yasan. "The Effect of Topical Corticosteroid on Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Nasal Polyp Tissue." American Journal of Rhinology 19, no. 3 (May 2005): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194589240501900306.
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Background The etiology of nasal polyposis and pathophysiological mechanisms of polyp formation is still poorly understood. Experimental models have suggested that nasal polyp growth requires extracellular matrix formation and is associated with fibroblast proliferation. Intranasal corticosteroids appear to be useful in reducing nasal polypoid lesions and the likelihood of polyp recurrence after surgery. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent angiogenesis factor and is mitogenic for a wide range of cell types. We investigated the alteration of bFGF levels in nasal polyp tissue after administration of topical corticosteroid. Methods Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from 36 patients with diffuse nasal polyposis before and after topical nasal steroid treatment. As a topical nasal steroid mometasone furoate was given for 4 weeks in a dosage of 200 μg/day. The bFGF levels were measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay method. Results The mean levels of tissue bFGF, before and after topical nasal steroid treatment, were 1485 ± 826 ng/mg protein (range, 416–3434 ng/mg) and 1340 ± 749 ng/mg protein (range, 330–3288 ng/mg), respectively. The levels of bFGF in nasal polyps were significantly lower than those before treatment after administration of topical nasal steroid (p = 0.011). Conclusion Administration of topical nasal steroid decreases bFGF levels of nasal polyp. It may be suggested that one of the effects in diminishing the size of nasal polyps is by decreasing the bFGF.
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Borst, Marilyn J., and David A. Margolin. "Polyp Growth and Polyp-Cancer Sequence." Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery 15, no. 2 (2002): 097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-32057.
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Powers, Michael R., Janice M. Liebler, Zhenhong Qu, Michael A. Wall, Philip C. Lagesse, and James T. Rosenbaum. "Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Nasal Polyps." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 10 (October 1998): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810701014.
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Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide that is mitogenic for a wide variety of cell types. We used Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine if bFGF is expressed in the nasal polyp tissue; bFGF messenger RNA was detectable in the polyps examined by Northern blot analysis. Strong immunostaining for bFGF was found in blood vessels and along the basement membrane of the epithelial cell layers. Basal epithelial cells and some infiltrating mononuclear cells also stained for bFGF. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen colocalized with bFGF to basal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and areas of focal epithelial metaplasia. The polyp tissue was double-labeled with a mouse monoclonal antitryptase, a specific mast cell marker, and anti-bFGF. A significant number (65% ± 19%) of the bFGF-positive mononuclear cells in the polyp tissues were positive for tryptase. These findings suggest that bFGF may contribute to the endothelial and epithelial proliferation in nasal polyp tissues and that mast cells are one source of this growth factor.
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Blackstone, Neil W. "Redox state, reactive oxygen species and adaptive growth in colonial hydroids." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 1845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.11.1845.
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SUMMARYColonial metazoans often encrust surfaces over which the food supply varies in time or space. In such an environment, adaptive colony development entails adjusting the timing and spacing of feeding structures and gastrovascular connections to correspond to this variable food supply. To investigate the possibility of such adaptive growth, within-colony differential feeding experiments were carried out using the hydroid Podocoryna carnea. Indeed, such colonies strongly exhibited adaptive growth, developing dense arrays of polyps (feeding structures) and gastrovascular connections in areas that were fed relative to areas that were starved, and this effect became more consistent over time. To investigate mechanisms of signaling between the food supply and colony development, measurements were taken of metabolic parameters that have been implicated in signal transduction in other systems, particularly redox state and levels of reactive oxygen species. Utilizing fluorescence microscopy of P. carnea cells in vivo, simultaneous measurements of redox state [using NAD(P)H] and hydrogen peroxide (using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) were taken. Both measures focused on polyp epitheliomuscular cells, since these exhibit the greatest metabolic activity. Colonies 3–5h after feeding were relatively oxidized, with low levels of peroxide, while colonies 24h after feeding were relatively reduced, with high levels of peroxide. The functional role of polyps in feeding and generating gastrovascular flow probably produced this dichotomy. Polyps 3–5h after feeding contract maximally, and this metabolic demand probably shifts the redox state in the direction of oxidation and diminishes levels of reactive oxygen species. In contrast, 24h after feeding, polyps are quiescent, and this lack of metabolic demand probably shifts the redox state in the direction of reduction and increases levels of reactive oxygen species. Within-colony differential feeding experiments were carried out on colonies 24h after the usual, colony-wide feeding. At this time, a single polyp was fed, and this polyp was compared with an otherwise similar polyp from the same colony. A pattern similar to the whole-colony experiments was obtained: the just-fed polyp, as it begins contracting shortly after feeding, appears to be relatively oxidized, with low levels of peroxide compared with the polyp that was not fed. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptive colony development in response to a variable food supply is mediated by redox state or reactive oxygen species or both, although alternative hypotheses are also discussed.
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Choe, Goun, January E. Gelera, and Jeong-Whun Kim. "Case Series of Antrovestibular Polyp: An Unusual Growth of Antral Polyp Toward the Nasal Vestibule Through the Anterior Fontanelle." Journal of Rhinology 27, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18787/jr.2019.00292.
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Background and Objectives: This case series is aimed to introduce a new term, antrovestibular polyp (AVP), for an antral polyp herniating anteriorly toward the nasal vestibule and to describe an antral polyp direction of growth through the anterior and posterior fontanelles.Materials and Method: This is a retrospective study involving review of patients who underwent surgery due to maxillary sinus polyp herniating anteriorly toward the nasal vestibular area or posteriorly toward the choana at a tertiary training hospital from January 2007 through July 2016. Their demographic data, computed tomography scan findings, and endoscopic evaluations were analyzed.Results: This study included 49 subjects; 8 (16.33%, 6 males) with AVP and 41 (83.67%, 24 males) with antrochoanal polyps (ACP). The mean ages of AVP and ACP patients were 9 and 14.4 years, respectively (p=0.006). The subjects were identified as AVP when computed tomography scan showed an antral polyp directed anteriorly toward the nasal vestibular area, while polyps growing toward the choana were identified as ACP. Endoscopic review showed that AVP grew out through an accessory ostium located anterior to the uncinate process at the area of the anterior fontanelle, while ACP started from an accessory ostium of the posterior fontanelle or a widened maxillary natural ostium.
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Sofyan, Ferryan, Delfitri Munir, Imam Budi Putra, Retno Sulistyo Wardani, Restu Syamsul Hadi, Devira Zahara, Rosita Juwita Sembiring, Andrina Y. M. Rambe, and Taufik Ashar. "Effect of Thymoquinone and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on the Cell Viability of Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblast." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (April 17, 2022): 1392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9516.
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BACKGROUND: Nasal polyps are benign masses in the nasal cavity and the abnormal growth of sinonasal tissue due to a chronic inflammatory process. Many fibroblasts populate the nasal polyp stroma release cytokines such as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) and producing a variety of cytokines resulting in inflammatory cell infiltration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main active component in Nigella sativa oil and has the ability to reduces cell viability in many cancer cell line. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TQ and TGF-β1 on cell viability of Nasal Polyp-Derived Fibroblast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyp specimen and treated with various concentrations of TQ at 1–1000 μM and TGF-β1 at 5 ng/ml to determine the cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay after 48 h incubation. RESULTS: TQ significantly reduced the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells to 72.49% at 20 μM and reduced to 5% at 50 μM until 1000 μM with IC50 at 21.93 μM. TGF-β1 at 5 ng/ml significantly reduced the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells to 81.96% and TGF-β1 appears to have a dual effect that depends on the concentration of TQ. CONCLUSION: This study proved that TQ and TGF-β1 were able to reduce the viability of nasal polyp fibroblast cells.
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Myers, Robert P., Eldon A. Shaffer, and Paul L. Beck. "Gallbladder Polyps: Epidemiology, Natural History and Management." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 3 (2002): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/787598.
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Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder affect approximately 5% of the adult population. Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, and their gallbladder polyps are detected during abdominal ultrasonography performed for unrelated conditions. Although the majority of gallbladder polyps are benign, most commonly cholesterol polyps, malignant transformation is a concern. The differentiation of benign from malignant lesions can be challenging. Several features, including patient age, polyp size and number, and rapid growth of polyps, are important discriminating features between benign and malignant polyps. Based on the evidence highlighted in this review, the authors recommend resection in symptomatic patients, as well as in asymptomatic individuals over 50 years of age, or those whose polyps are solitary, greater than 10 mm in diameter, or associated with gallstones or polyp growth on serial ultrasonography. Novel imaging techniques, including endoscopic ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography, may aid in the differential diagnosis of these lesions and permit expectant management.
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Karthikeyan, Padmanabhan, Sneha Mary Joy, Davis Thomas Pulimootil, and Neelima Vijayan. "Bleeding angiomatous polyps of the maxillary sinus: Review of literature and a rare case report." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 9, no. 35 (September 1, 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2019-0017.
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Abstract ENT surgeons frequently encounter a variety of neoplastic, non-neoplastic and inflammatory masses involving the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses or the nasopharynx. Among these, the angiomatous polyp or angiectatic nasal polyps are rare and account for 4-5% of all inflammatory nasal polyps. They have variable growth patterns and clinical features. In angiomatous nasal polyps, there is a prominent component of dilated capillary-type blood vessels. We present a review of the literature regarding the most important features of this pathology and an unusual case of a large angiomatous polyp arising from the maxillary sinus.
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Wardani, Retno Sulistyo, and Ika Dewi Mayangsari. "Woakes syndrome." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 44, no. 1 (October 8, 2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v44i1.86.
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Background: Extensive nasal polyp growth in the paranasal sinuses can lead to bone erosion of the sinus walls and cause facial disfigurement due to continuous pressure or chronic inflammation. This extremely rare phenomenon is called Woakes syndrome. This syndrome consist of several symptoms include the destruction of ethmoid sinus that cause broadening of the bridge of the nose, frontal sinus aplasia and bronchiectasis. Purpose: To give complete information about the diagnosis and management of Woakes Syndrome. Case: A 16-year-old boy with deformity of the left nose, nasal obstruction and frequent episodes of rhinorrhea since 4 months before admission. Nasoendoscopic evaluation showedhuge nasal polyps filling the left nasal cavity, pushing the septum and narrowing the right nasal cavity. Histopathology result was edematous polyp with necrosis and massive bleeding without signs of malignancy. Management: Patient was managed in two stages operations. First, nasal polyp removal by FESS technique in general anesthesia, and the second stage four months later, was septorhinoplasty for aesthetic bridge reconstruction. Conclusion: Nasal polyps could be related to Woakes syndrome, characterized by broadening of nasal bridge which needs functional and aesthetic surgery. Keyword: Woakes Syndrome, nasal polyps, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Septorhinoplasty ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Polip hidung besar yang meluas dalam sinus paranasal dapat menyebabkan erosi dinding sinus dan menyebabkan cacat wajah akibat tekanan terus-menerus atau peradangan kronis. Fenomena ini sangat langka dan disebut sebagai sindrom Woakes. Sindrom ini terdiri dari beberapa gejala termasuk kerusakan dinding sinus etmoid yang menyebabkan hidung melebar, aplasia sinus frontal dan bronkiektasis. Tujuan: Untuk memberikan informasi yang lengkap tentang diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan Woakes Syndrome. Kasus: Seorang anak laki-laki 16 tahun dengan deformitas hidung kiri, hidung tersumbat dan pilek berulang sejak 4 bulan. Evaluasi nasoendokopi menunjukkanpolip hidung masif mengisi rongga hidung kiri, mendorong septum dan menyempitkan rongga hidung kanan. Pemeriksan histo-patologi memperlihatkan polip edematosa dengan nekrosis dan perdarahan masif tanpa tanda-tanda keganasan. Penatalaksanaan: Pada pasien dilakukan dua tahap tindakan. Pertama, dilakukan Bedah Sinus Endoskopik Fungsional (BSEF) dan polipektomi dalam anestesi umum, dan empat bulan kemudian pasien menjalani septorinoplasti untuk rekonstruksi wajah. Kesimpulan: Polip hidung pada kasus ini kemungkinan terkait dengan sindrom Woakes, ditandai dengan pelebaranpyramid hidung yang membutuhkan tindakan operasi fungsional dan estetika.Kata kunci: sindroma Woakes, polip hidung, Bedah Sinus Endoskopik Fungsional, Septorinoplasti.
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Mantilla Rojas, Carolina, Michael P. McGill, Anna C. Salvador, David Bautz, and David W. Threadgill. "Epithelial-specific ERBB3 deletion results in a genetic background-dependent increase in intestinal and colon polyps that is mediated by EGFR." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e1009931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009931.
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ERBB3 has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target to treat colorectal and other types of cancers. To confirm a previous study showing intestinal polyps are dependent upon ERBB3, we generated an intestinal epithelia-specific ERBB3 deletion in C57BL/6-ApcMin/+ mice. Contrary to the previous report showing a significant reduction in intestinal polyps with ablation of ERBB3 on a B6;129 mixed genetic background, we observed a significant increase in polyp number with ablation of ERBB3 on C57BL/6J compared to control littermates. We confirmed the genetic background dependency of ERBB3 by also analyzing polyp development on B6129 hybrid and B6;129 advanced intercross mixed genetic backgrounds, which showed that ERBB3 deficiency only reduced polyp number on the mixed background as previously reported. Increased polyp number with ablation of ERBB3 was also observed in C57BL/6J mice treated with azoxymethane showing the effect is model independent. Polyps forming in absence of ERBB3 were generally smaller than those forming in control mice, albeit the effect was greatest in genetic backgrounds with reduced polyp numbers. The mechanism for differential polyp number in the absence of ERBB3 was through altered proliferation. Backgrounds with increased polyp number with loss of ERBB3 showed an increase in cell proliferation even in non-tumor epithelia, while backgrounds showing reduced polyp number with loss of ERBB3 showed reduced cellular proliferation. Increase polyp number caused by loss of ERBB3 was mediated by increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, which was confirmed by deletion of Egfr. Taken together, this study raises substantial implications on the use of ERBB3 inhibitors against colorectal cancer. The prediction is that some patients may have increased progression with ERBB3 inhibitor therapy, which is consistent with observations reported for ERBB3 inhibitor clinical trials.
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Adam, Yousif Abdallah, Ali Yasen Mohamedahmed, Alsmwal Alnour Alnzaer, Elmoiz Eltyiep, and Omer Elfaroug Salim. "Pattern of Colorectal Polyps among Sudanese Patients: a Single Centre Experience." SAR Journal of Surgery 3, no. 5 (December 10, 2022): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjs.2022.v03i05.001.
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Background: Polyps are masses projecting into the bowel lumen beyond the surface of the epithelium with or without a pedicle/stalk and it can be taken to mean a protuberant growth which can be either benign or malignant. The objective of the study was to study the pattern of colorectal polyps among Sudanese patients at Soba university hospital. Patients and methods: The study was a prospective, descriptive, cross sectional hospital based study. Conducted at Soba University Hospital department of endoscopy, in a period from Oct 2017 to August 2018.The study was conducted on Patients with colorectal polyps finding in colonoscopy or flexible Sigmoidoscopy. All the patients have been followed for duration not less than 3 months to assess the outcome. The main objective was to study the pattern of colorectal polyps among Sudanese population. Results: A total of (120) patients with colorectal polyps out of (626) patients underwent lower GI endoscopy during the period of the study, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1.0.The age ranged between (4) to (94) years. The incidence of polyp at the study was (19%). Thirty nine patient (32.5%) are smoker, while (6.7%) of the patients were alcohol consumers. NSAIDs consumptions were found in (40%) of the patients. Considering the consumption of fiber diet the study showed most of the patients were using the moderate fiber diet (53%). Schistosomasis found in 4 patients (3.3%) and these patients had polyps showing inflammatory polyps of schistosomasis origin. Presenting complains includes bleeding per rectum, altered bowel habit, mucus per rectum, abdominal pain, weight loss, abdominal distension, anorexia and anaemic symptoms. The most common co-morbidities were DM in (17.5%), IBD in (11.7%), FAP (6.7.4%) and diverticular diseases in (1.7%). The mode of the diagnosis was either through sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, and the NBI was used in (7.5%). The most common type was sessile polyps (67.5%) followed by pedunclated polyps (29.2%). Most of the polyps are within the left side, mainly at the rectum, anal canal and sigmoid colon. The size of the polyps lies between (1 mm to 50mm).The most common modes intervention was snare polypectomy (66.7%), followed by excision via biopsy forceps (62.7), while other treatment options are less frequent. Histopathology showed that most of the polyps were benign polyps (74.2%). (10.8%) were of high degree dysplasia and the rest was less frequent. Thirty three patients showed inflammatory polyps (27.5%) followed by tubulovilous adenomatous polyps (20.8% ), tubuloadenomatus polyp (11.7), juvenile polyp (10.8),hyperplastic polyps (9.2%), villous adenomatus polyp (5%), tubularadenomatus polyp (4.2%), schistosomal polyp (3.3%), hamratomatous polyp (2.5%) , fibroepithelial polyp (2.5%), invasive adenocarcinoma (1.7%) and granulomatus polyp (8%). Conclusion: The pattern of Colorectal polyps among Sudanese patients at our study was in line with international pattern in age, gender, common presentation, risk factors, types, shape and histopathology and most of them were of benign nature..
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Ishibashi, Toshio, Tadashi Tanaka, Shin-Ichi Ishimoto, Ken-Ichi Nibu, and Kimitaka Kaga. "Keratinocyte Growth Factor and its Receptor Messenger RNA Expression in Nasal Mucosa and Nasal Polyps." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 10 (October 1998): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810701013.
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To examine the potential biologic role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa during chronic inflammatory conditions, we investigated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of three members of the FGF family — Acidic FGF, basic FGF, and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) — in nasal polyp tissues, as well as in hyperplastic nasal mucosa. Using the sensitive method reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that of the examined FGFs, KGF had the most abundant mRNA expression in nasal polyps and nasal mucosa. We also found that significantly higher levels of KGF mRNA were expressed in nasal polyps than in nasal mucosa, whereas mRNA expression of acidic FGF and basic FGF was relatively low in these tissues. In addition, we showed that KGF receptor mRNA was present in most of the nasal mucosa; however, none or little was expressed in nasal polyps. These results suggest that KGF might play an important role in nasal epithelial proliferation and that excessive synthesis of KGF in nasal polyp stroma may contribute to hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis associated with nasal polyposis.
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BASHIR, O., A. J. FITZGERALD, J. BERLANGA-ACOSTA, R. J. PLAYFORD, and R. A. GOODLAD. "Effect of epidermal growth factor administration on intestinal cell proliferation, crypt fission and polyp formation in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice." Clinical Science 105, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030023.
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Recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be useful to treat severe ulcerative gastrointestinal injury. There is concern, however, that systemic use of this potent mitogen might increase tumour development and/or progression in susceptible subjects. We therefore examined the effect of chronic administration of systemic EGF to multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice, who have a genetic defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, leading to increased polyp development. Min mice (n=26) and wild-type littermates (n=26) received saline or EGF (223 μg of EGF/kg per day) for 4 weeks using subcutaneous osmotic mini-pumps. Cell proliferation and crypt fission were analysed using microdissection techniques and the number and size of polyps in the small and large intestines were determined. EGF increased wet weight and crypt cell proliferation rate by approx. 20% (all P<0.01 compared with the relevant control) in the small intestine and colon of both control and Min mice. In both groups, EGF reduced the colonic fission index by approx. 40% (P<0.01), but did not affect crypt fission in the small intestine. In Min mice, administration of EGF did not increase numbers of polyps or degree of dysplasia, but resulted in a 40% increase in the polyp size in the proximal intestine (P<0.02), but not in the remainder of the small intestine or colon. No polyps were found in control mice given EGF. EGF did not initiate polyp formation in control or Min mice. However, as polyp size is an important determinant for subsequent risk of malignant change in human colon cancer, further studies appear justified.
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Blackstone, Neil W., and Philip O. Yund. "Morphological variation in a colonial marine hydroid: a comparison of size-based and age-based heterochrony." Paleobiology 15, no. 1 (1989): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009131.
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In studies of heterochrony, timing of development is generally measured relative to some intrinsic dimension, usually size, which serves as a proxy for time. A complementary approach is to measure timing relative to chronological time, an extrinsic dimension. Here, colony growth of a marine hydroid, Hydractinia echinata, is used to compare size- and age-based approaches to rate heterochronies. Colonies consist of feeding polyps; a basal, encrusting mat; and, in some cases, stolons which extend from the mat. Size is measured by the area covered by the mat and, if present, the stolons. Rate of polyp production was compared between colonies using clonal replicates grown in a common environment. Age-based comparisons employed polyp specific growth rates calculated over the same ontogenetic time interval for each replicate. Specific growth rates for colony area were also calculated; rates-ratios (polyp/area) provided size-based measures of polyp growth, analogous to allometric coefficients commonly used in studies of rate heterochronies. These comparisons show that size can be a misleading referent for between-colony comparisons because the rate of areal growth is not constant among colonies. Size-based measures of changes in developmental rates may provide insight into patterns, but not necessarily processes, of heterochrony. The implications of the pattern-oriented framework of size-based heterochrony should be considered in paleontological studies.
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Norlander, Tomas, M. Fukami, K. M. Westrin, P. Stierna, and B. Carlsöö. "Formation of Mucosal Polyps in the Nasal and Maxillary Sinus Cavities by Infection." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 3 (September 1993): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900322.
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Unilateral maxillary sinusitis was experimentally induced in New Zealand White rabbits with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3, Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343, and Staphylococcus aureus V8. In another group of rabbits, sinusitis was induced by blocking of the sinus ostium only. Bacteriologic and light microscopic analysis was performed after 5 days to 1 month. Granulation-like polyps developed after deep mucosal inflammatory trauma initiating fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithetlial migration to cover the polyp. In regions of a more superficial trauma—characterized by epithetlial desquamation and fibroblast growth—proliferation and differentiation of basal cells resulted in the formation of microcavities dissecting off edematous polyps. Polyps could be found in all sinusitis groups, irrespective of inducing agent. The cellular events of polyp formation appear to be the result of a continuous inflammatory reaction and are not directly related to the presence of a certain microorganism. Instead, the potential of any microorganism to induce a deep mucosal trauma or epithelial desquamation seems essential for its ability to initiate polyp formation. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1993;109:522-9.)
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Gopalan, Ushadevi, Sathiyakala Rajendiran, and Ranganathan Karnaboopathy. "Clinicopathological analysis of cervical polyps." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171421.
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Background: Cervical polyps are the commonest cervical lesions and occur in about 2-5% of women. It is common practice to remove these polyps whenever they are identified and the main reason for this is the concern over the potential for malignant transformation. This study was done to analyse the spectrum of histopathological diagnosis in cases of cervical polyps and to identify focus of malignancy if present. This would help us to improve further management of cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic cervical polypsMethods: This study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of two years. Women with a polypoidal growth from the cervix visualized on per speculum examination were included in the study. Polypectomy was done and the specimen sent for histopathological examination and the data analysed.Results: Total of 107 women was included in the study. Most of the women (47.7%) were in the age group 40-49 years. Endocervical mucous polyp was found to be the most common lesion (50.5%) followed by benign endometrial polyp (21.5%), and leiomyomatous polyp in 13.1%. There were no foci of malignancy identified in any of these polyps.Conclusions: As the incidence of malignancy in endocervical polyp is very low, it is suggested that in cases of asymptomatic polyps, there is a role for expectant management with no intervention and these patients can be followed up leading to significant savings in health resources
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Shin, Seung-Heon, Mi-Kyung Ye, Dong-Won Lee, and Mi-Hyun Che. "Effect of Acacia Honey on Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Production in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 5 (April 18, 2019): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892419843702.
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BackgroundAcacia honey is known to have antioxidant, immune-modulatory, and antiproliferative properties. Nasal fibroblasts participate in local immune responses that control the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the production of extracellular matrix.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of acacia honey on myofibroblast differentiation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production in nasal polyp fibroblasts.MethodsPrimary nasal fibroblasts were isolated from nasal polyps and treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were then performed to determine α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1, and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production in nasal polyp fibroblasts. Phosphorylated Smad ( pSmad) 2/3 and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase ( pAMPK) were then determined by Western blotting.ResultsTGF-β1 stimulation increased α-SMA and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production in nasal polyp fibroblasts. Acacia honey effectively suppressed α-SMA and MMP-9 mRNA expression and protein production. It also prevented phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 and AMPK.ConclusionAcacia honey can inhibit TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and MMP-9 production in nasal fibroblasts. These results suggest that acacia honey might be useful for inhibiting nasal polyp formation.
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Doria, Pedro Leopoldo Silva, Thomas Moscovitz, Marcos Tcherniakovsky, Cesar Eduardo Fernandes, Luciano Melo Pompei, Milton Wajman, Angela Van Nimwegen, and Sergio Haimovich. "Association of IGF-1 CA(n) and IGFBP3 rs2854746 Polymorphisms with Endometrial Polyp Risk." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8704346.
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Introduction. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a peptide growth factor that promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. The bioavailability of IGF-1 is regulated by the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). Genetic variations influence the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP3. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of polymorphisms IGF-1 CA(n) and IGFBP3 rs2854746 with risk of endometrial polyps. Materials and Methods. Case control observational study, composed of 104 women with antecedent of endometrial polyp (case group) and 81 postmenopausal women without antecedent of endometrial diseases (control group). Genotyping of IGF-1 CA(n) was performed by PCR and fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis, and genotyping of IGFBP3 rs2854746 was performed by PCR-HRM. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression. Results. The genotype IGF-1 CA(19)/CA(19) was associated with an increased endometrial polyp risk (OR=2,57; IC 95%= 1,09 - 6,01); this was also found when combining it with CA(>19)/CA(n) genotypes (OR=2,18; IC 95%= 1,06-4,47). The IGFBP3 rs2854746 analyses showed the CG genotype having a protective effect for endometrial polyp (OR=0,37; IC 95%= 0,19-0,73), fact also observed when grouping CG and GG carriers (OR=0,51; IC 95%= 0,28-0,93). Conclusion. The genotypes CA(19)/CA(19) and CA(19)/CA(19) + CA(>19)/CA(n) of the IGF-1 CA(n) may be considered a risk for endometrial polyp, whereas the genotypes CG and CG + GG of IGFBP3 rs2854746 polymorphism have an inverse effect of endometrial polyp risk.
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Shin, Su Rin, Jong Kyun Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Kee Taek Jang, Seong Hyun Kim, and Jong Chul Rhee. "S1784 Growth Rate of Gallbladder Polyp As Predictor to Neoplastic Polyp." Gastroenterology 134, no. 4 (April 2008): A—269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(08)61251-2.
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Marchessaux, Guillaume, Florian Lüskow, Mickaël Bejean, and Evgeny A. Pakhomov. "Increasing Temperature Facilitates Polyp Spreading and Medusa Appearance of the Invasive Hydrozoan Craspedacusta sowerbii." Biology 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081100.
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The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii is among the most widespread invasive species, observed across a wide temperature range. The aim of this study is to analyze the polyp and medusa stages response to different temperatures by using (i) an experimental study on the polyp colony growth at 19 and 29 °C, and (ii) prediction of the Thermal Habitat Suitability (THS) based on the thermal tolerance of the medusa stage. The total number of polyps and colonies was greater at high temperature. At 19 °C, colonies with 1 to 5 polyps were present, with colonies of 1 to 3 polyps numerically dominating. At 29 °C, colonies were 80% composed of 1- to 2-polyps. Based on the published medusa pulsation rhythm data, a Thermal Performance Curve (TPC) regression was performed and used to monthly predict the THS for current and future (2050 and 2100) scenarios. The southern hemisphere offered optimal conditions (THS > 0.6) year-round. In the northern hemisphere, the optimum period was predicted to be between June and September. The future THS were considerably larger than at present with an increase in optimal THS at higher latitudes (up to 60° N). The combination of experimental and modeling approaches allows to identify the optimal thermal conditions of the polyp and medusa stages and to predict their invasive capacities.
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Lee, Chul Hee, Chae-Seo Rhee, and Yang-Gi Min. "Cytokine Gene Expression in Nasal Polyps." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 8 (August 1998): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700807.
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Nasal polyps are the most common mass lesion of the nasal cavity. Various pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed. However, the cause is still largely unknown, and treatment methods have not been changed for several hundred years. In order to investigate the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps, expression of cytokine messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in nasal polyps was investigated. We performed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot to examine gene expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon (IFN)-Γ and compared the results with the gene expressions of these cytokines in normal nasal mucosa. Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from 14 patients undergoing polypectomy for nasal obstruction. Among them, 4 patients suffered from associated perennial allergic rhinitis. The mRNAs of IL-4 and IL-5 (Th2 cytokines) as well as IFN-γ (Thl cytokine) were expressed in all of the nasal polyps obtained from the 14 patients, irrespective of the presence or absence of allergy, while 2, 0, and 4 of 6 normal turbinate mucosae expressed IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ mRNAs, respectively. The mRNAs of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-ß were expressed in 6, 1, 2, and 3 of 6 normal turbinate mucosae, respectively, while the mRNAs of these cytokines were expressed in all of the 14 polyp tissues except IL-6 mRNA, which was expressed in 13 nasal polyp tissues. There were no differences in the mean density ratios of each cytokine band on Southern blot between polyp tissues with allergy and those without allergy. These results suggest that many cytokines are produced in nasal polyps, that they may play important roles in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps, and that allergy per se may not play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
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MacPhail, Catriona M., Christi M. Innocenti, Simon T. Kudnig, Julia K. Veir, and Michael R. Lappin. "Atypical manifestations of feline inflammatory polyps in three cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 9, no. 3 (June 2007): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2006.11.004.
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Inflammatory polyps of the feline middle ear and nasopharynx are non-neoplastic masses that are presumed to originate from the epithelial lining of the tympanic bulla or Eustachian tube. The exact origin and cause are unknown, however, it is thought that inflammatory polyps arise as a result of a prolonged inflammatory process. It is unclear whether this inflammation initiates or potentiates the development and growth of inflammatory polyps. Cats with inflammatory polyps typically present with either signs of otitis externa and otitis media or with signs consistent with upper airway obstruction. Traditional diagnostics involve imaging of the tympanic bulla either with skull radiographs or computed topography (CT). Treatment consists of traction and avulsion of the polyp with or without ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) to remove the epithelial lining of the tympanic bulla. The three cases described here are unusual manifestations or presentations of feline inflammatory polyps that address the following issues: (1) concurrent otic and nasopharyngeal polyps, (2) potential association with chronic viral infection, (3) polyp development in the contralateral middle ear, (4) CT appearance of the skull following VBO, and (5) development of secondary pulmonary hypertension.
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Merks, Roeland M. H., Alfons G. Hoekstra, Jaap A. Kaandorp, and Peter M. A. Sloot. "Polyp oriented modelling of coral growth." Journal of Theoretical Biology 228, no. 4 (June 2004): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.02.020.
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MOON, JI-HOI, MI HEE NOH, EUN-YOUNG JANG, SEOK BIN YANG, SANG WOOK KANG, KYU HWAN KWACK, JAE-IN RYU, and JIN-YONG LEE. "Effects of Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Oral Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria." Polish Journal of Microbiology 68, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-029.
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Polyphosphate (polyP) is a food additive with antimicrobial activity. Here we evaluated the effects of sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3, Na5P3O10) on four major oral bacterial species, in both single- and mixed-culture. PolyP3 inhibited three opportunistic pathogenic species: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the contrary, a commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was relatively less susceptible to polyP3 than the pathogens. When all bacterial species were co-cultured, polyP3 (≥ 0.09%) significantly reduced their total growth and biofilm formation, among which the three pathogenic bacteria were selectively inhibited. Collectively, polyP3 may be an alternative antibacterial agent to control oral pathogenic bacteria.
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Bernstein, Joel M., Janet Gorfien, and Bernice Noble. "Role of Allergy in Nasal Polyposis: A Review." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 6 (December 1995): 724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989570012-9.
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We propose a multivariate theory for the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Turbulent flow of air in the lateral wall of the nose or viral-bacterial-host interactions produce an inflammatory change in the mucosa of the lateral wall of the nose. Ulceration and prolapse of the submucosa with reepithelialization and new gland formation may then follow. The structural cells of the nasal polyp, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, have the ability to produce messenger RNA for granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor and other cytokines. Stimulation of such an effector capability by structural cell-derived cytokines would undoubtedly represent a major amplification pathway of the inflammatory response in nasal polyps. Allergy may be one mechanism for the development of this cascade of events. This microenvironmental structural inflammatory response in the nasal polyp, in turn, can affect the bioelectric integrity of the Na+ and Cl− channels at the luminal surface of the respiratory epithelial cell. The change in the Na+ absorption, which has been demonstrated in our studies, may result in an increased movement of water into the cell and into the interstitial fluid. The resultant edema can lead to growth and enlargement of the nasal polyp. Finally, the rapid recurrence of nasal polyps despite adequate surgery may reflect some intrinsic phenotypic characteristic of nasal epithelial cells in the lateral wall of the nose, which is likely to be under genetic control.
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Chuang, Po-Shun, and Satoshi Mitarai. "Signaling pathways in the coral polyp bail-out response." Coral Reefs 39, no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 1535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01983-x.
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AbstractPolyp bail-out is a stress response exhibited by some pocilloporid corals, with mechanisms and consequences distinct from those of bleaching. Although induction of polyp bail-out has been demonstrated in the laboratory, molecular mechanisms underlying this response have rarely been discussed. We conducted genetic analyses of Pocillopora acuta during initiation of hyperosmosis-induced polyp bail-out, using both transcriptomic and qPCR techniques. Beyond upregulation of apoptosis and proteolysis, corals showed significant activation of tumor necrosis factor and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways during induction of polyp bail-out. In our qPCR analysis, a common upregulation profile, peaking at 43.0‰ salinity, was found in the FAS and CASP8 genes, whereas a different profile, showing significant upregulation up to 45.0‰, was displayed by matrix metalloproteinases and genes in the FGF signaling pathway. These results suggest parallel involvement of an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and FGF-mediated extracellular matrix degradation in polyp bail-out. Furthermore, in the XIAP, JNK, and NFKB1 genes, we detected a third expression profile showing linear upregulation that becomes maximal at the endpoint salinity level of the experiment (46.0‰), indicating activation of anti-apoptotic and cell survival signals during polyp bail-out. Our results provide new insights into signaling pathways responsible for polyp bail-out and suggest the feasibility of inducing bail-out by specifically triggering these pathways without exerting lethal stresses on the corals, which in turn will facilitate acquisition of viable polyps for possible use in coral reef restoration.
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Szczuka, Izabela, Jarosław Wierzbicki, Paweł Serek, Berenika M. Szczęśniak-Sięga, and Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka. "Heat Shock Proteins HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 Are Upregulated in Colorectal Polyps and Can Be Targeted in Cancer Cells by Anti-Inflammatory Oxicams with Arylpiperazine Pharmacophore and Benzoyl Moiety Substitutions at Thiazine Ring." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111588.
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Heat shock proteins HSPA1/Hsp70α and HSP90AA1/Hsp90α are crucial for cancer growth but their expression pattern in colorectal polyps or whether they can be modulated by oxicams is unknown. We quantified (RTqPCR) HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 expression in 50 polyp-normal pairs in relation to polyp malignancy potential and examined the effect of piroxicam, meloxicam and five novel analogues on HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 expression (mRNA/protein) in colorectal adenocarcinoma lines. HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 were upregulated in polyps by 3- and 2.9-fold. Expression ratios were higher in polyps with higher dysplasia grade and dominant villous growth pattern, mostly a result of diminished gene expression in normal tissue. Classic oxicams had negligible/non-significant effect on HSP expression. Their most effective analogue inhibited HSPA1 protein and gene by 2.5-fold and 5.7-fold in Caco-2 and by 11.5-fold and 6.8-fold in HCT116 and HSPA1 protein in HT-29 by 1.9-fold. It downregulated HSP90AA1 protein and gene by 1.9-fold and 3.7-fold in Caco-2 and by 2-fold and 5.0-fold in HCT116. HSPA1 and HSP90AA1 are upregulated in colorectal polyps reflecting their potential for malignancy. HSPA1 in cancer cells and, to lesser degree, HSP90AA1 can be reduced by oxicam analogues with thiazine ring substituted via propylene linker by arylpiperazine pharmacophore with fluorine substituents and by benzoyl moiety.
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Shin, Su Rin, Jong Kyun Lee, Kwang Hyuck Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Chul Rhee, Kee-Taek Jang, Seong Hyun Kim, and Dong Wook Choi. "Can the Growth Rate of a Gallbladder Polyp Predict a Neoplastic Polyp?" Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 43, no. 9 (October 2009): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcg.0b013e31819359aa.
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Nair, Salil, Simon Watts, and Liam Flood. "Fibroblast growth factor receptor expression in aural polyps: predictor of cholesteatoma?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 118, no. 5 (May 2004): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221504323086507.
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The cytokine, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and its receptors (FGFR) have a pivotal role in wound repair and have been demonstrated in the perimatrix of active cholesteatoma. Aural polyps are a recognized inflammatory reaction of middle-ear mucosa to cholesteatoma, but may arise in its absence. This study examines 28 archival aural polyp specimens, seeking an increased expression for FGFR1 and FGFR3 in polyps associated with cholesteatoma, when compared with those arising in non-cholesteatomatous, mucosal disease, but produced a null result. There was no difference demonstrated in staining intensity between those polyps associated with cholesteatoma and those without. There was a strong correlation between staining patterns of FGFR1 and FGFR3 (r = 0.4, p <0.03). The expression pattern, of nuclear and perinuclear localization, may support the view that nuclear translocation of growth factors, and their receptors, could be related to the cellular proliferation that is associated with cholesteatoma.
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McGrath, John W., and John P. Quinn. "Intracellular Accumulation of Polyphosphate by the Yeast Candida humicola G-1 in Response to Acid pH." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 4068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.9.4068-4073.2000.
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ABSTRACT Cells of a newly isolated environmental strain of Candida humicola accumulated 10-fold more polyphosphate (polyP), during active growth, when grown in complete glucose-mineral salts medium at pH 5.5 than when grown at pH 7.5. Neither phosphate starvation, nutrient limitation, nor anaerobiosis was required to induce polyP formation. An increase in intracellular polyP was accompanied by a 4.5-fold increase in phosphate uptake from the medium and sixfold-higher levels of cellular polyphosphate kinase activity. This novel accumulation of polyP by C. humicola G-1 in response to acid pH provides further evidence as to the importance of polyP in the physiological adaptation of microbial cells during growth and development and in their response to environmental stresses.
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Zhou, Shizheng, Edgar S. Fu, Bingbing Chen, and Hong Yan. "Design and Modeling of a Microfluidic Coral Polyps Culture Chip with Concentration and Temperature Gradients." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060832.
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Traditional methods of cultivating polyps are costly and time-consuming. Microfluidic chip technology makes it possible to study coral polyps at the single-cell level, but most chips can only be analyzed for a single environmental variable. In this work, we addressed these issues by designing a microfluidic coral polyp culture chip with a multi-physical field for multivariable analyses and verifying the feasibility of the chip through numerical simulation. This chip used multiple serpentine structures to generate the concentration gradient and used a circuit to form the Joule effect for the temperature gradient. It could generate different temperature gradients at different voltages for studying the growth of polyps in different solutes or at different temperatures. The simulation of flow field and temperature showed that the solute and heat could be transferred evenly and efficiently in the chambers, and that the temperature of the chamber remained unchanged after 24 h of continuous heating. The thermal expansion of the microfluidic chip was low at the optimal culture temperature of coral polyps, which proves the feasibility of the use of the multivariable microfluidic model for polyp culture and provides a theoretical basis for the actual chip processing.
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Blutke, A., B. Parzefall, A. Steger, T. Goedde, and W. Hermanns. "Inflammatory polyp in the middle ear of a dog: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 6 (July 22, 2010): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2991-vetmed.
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Nasopharyngeal polyps are non-neoplastic masses, originating from the mucosa of the nasopharynx, the tympanic bulla or the Eustachian tube. Inflammatory polyps extending into the tympanic bulla cavity are a common cause of otitis media in cats. In dogs, however, occurrence of middle ear polyps has rarely been reported. The present report describes the findings of the clinical examination, diagnostic imaging and histopathological appraisal of a ten year old male dog with an inflammatory middle ear polyp arising from the mucosa of the Eustachian tube. Clinically, the dog displayed a peripheral vestibular syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hyperintense soft tissue mass filling the right middle ear cavity. Following ventral bulla osteotomy, a polypoid growth with a stalk arising from the auditory tube was surgically excised from the tympanic bulla. Histologically, the polyp was composed of a fibrous connective tissue stroma with discreet infiltration of inflammatory cells and an overlying surface layer of partially ulcerated respiratory epithelium. Similarities and differences between the histological appearance of the present case and the few previously reported records of canine middle ear polyps are discussed, along with a comparative review of etiological, pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of middle ear polyps in cats and dogs
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Cuk, Vladimir, Slavica Knezevic-Usaj, Mile Ignjatovic, Zoran Kostic, Dino Tarabar, Bojan Kovacevic, Milena Scepanovic, and Damjan Slavkovic. "Giant esophageal fibrovascular polyp with clinical behaviour of inflammatory pseudotumor: A case report and the literature review." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 8 (2014): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp130219058c.
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Introduction. Esophageal fibrovascular polyps are rare, benign, intraluminal, submucosal tumor-like lesions, characterized by pedunculated masses which can demonstrate enormous growth. The most frequent symptoms are dysphagia, vomiting and weight loss. Fibrovascular polyps with long stalks can regurgitate into the airways and cause asphyxia. Esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor is extremely rare lesion accompanied with various systemic manifestations as fever, anemia and thrombocytosis. Case report. We presented a 29-year-old man complaining of a long-lasting fever and dysphagia. He was found to have huge pedunculated submucosal tumor of esophagus, surgically completely resected. Histopathological examination showed that this giant tumor, 24 x 9 x 6 cm, was a fibrovascular polyp. The postoperative course was uneventful. The preoperative fever, anemia and thrombocytosis disappeared and did not recur in the postoperative course. Conclusion. We reported a patient with giant esophageal pedunculated tumor with clinical manifestations of inflammatory pseudotumor and histopathological picture of fibrovascular polyp, that we have not found described in the literature before.
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Blackstone, N. W. "Redox control in development and evolution: evidence from colonial hydroids." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 3541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.24.3541.
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Redox chemistry, involving the transfer of electrons and hydrogen atoms, is central to energy conversion in respiration, and the control of gene expression by redox state commonly occurs in bacteria, allowing rapid responses to environmental changes, for instance, in the food supply. Colonial metazoans often encrust surfaces over which the food supply varies in time or space; hence, in these organisms, redox control of the development of feeding structures and gastrovascular connections could be similarly adaptive, allowing colonies to adjust the timing and spacing of structures in response to a variable food supply. To investigate the possibility of redox control of colony development, the redox states of hydractiniid hydroid colonies were manipulated experimentally. As in many colonial animals, hydractiniid hydroids display a range of morphological variation from sheet-like forms (i.e. closely spaced polyps with high rates of stolon branching) to runner-like forms (i. e. widely spaced polyps with low rates of stolon branching). In the runner-like Podocoryna carnea, azide, a blocker of the electron transport chain, and dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, diminished the largely polyp-driven gastrovascular flow to a similar extent. Measures of the redox state of the polyp epitheliomuscular cells using the fluorescence of NAD(P)H suggest that azide shifts the redox state in the direction of reduction, while dinitrophenol shifts the redox state in the direction of oxidation. Colony development corresponds to redox state in that azide-treated colonies were more runner-like, while dinitrophenol-treated colonies were more sheet-like. Nevertheless, the functional role of polyps in feeding and generating gastrovascular flow probably contributed to a trade-off between polyp number and size such that azide-treated colonies had few large polyps, while dinitrophenol-treated colonies had many small polyps. Regardless of the treatment, P. carnea colonies developed to maturity and produced swimming medusae in the normal fashion. In the sheet-like Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, treatment with azide resulted in complete suppression of the development of both the stolonal mat and the blastostyles, the reproductive polyps. Azide-treated H. symbiolongicarpus colonies therefore developed in a juvenilized, runner-like manner and much resembled colonies of P. carnea. Following cessation of azide treatment in H. symbiolongicarpus, normal colony development ensued, and both a stolonal mat and blastostyles formed. In both hydroid species, relative oxidization favors sheet-like growth, while relative reduction favors runner-like growth. Since feeding triggers strong contractions of polyp epitheliomuscular cells and results in relative oxidation, this experimental evidence supports the hypothesis of adaptive redox control of colony development and evolution.
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Zhu, Xiqi, Jian Jiang, Jian Wang, Yue Tang, and Xiaoming Ge. "Image Mosaic Algorithm-Based Analysis of Pathological Characteristics of Gastric Polyp Patients Using Computed Tomography Images." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (November 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6086106.
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The application value of image mosaic algorithm (IMA) based CT imaging technology in the analysis of pathological characteristics of gastric polyp (GP) patients was explored in this work. 588 cases of GP patients in the hospital were selected as the research objects, and CT images based on IMA were adopted for examination. The patient’s basic information, image performance, and gastroscopy results were recorded. The results showed that the absolute mean bright error (AMBE) index and information entropy of the IMA are 0.0625 and 7.0385, respectively. The clinical symptoms of patients were mostly abdominal pain (21.4%), abdominal distension (15.6%), and sour regurgitation (17.8%). The common size of GP was no more than 0.5 cm, and the common type was Yamada type II. There were notable differences between single and multiple GPs of different pathological types ( P < 0.05 ). Proliferative polyps were mostly found in the stomach and antrum, while fundus gland polyps were mostly in the stomach and fundus. There was significant difference between the growth location of the hyperplastic polyp and basal gland polyp ( P < 0.05 ). In summary, the CT images of IMA proposed in this paper can not only realize image splicing effectively but also were superior to the traditional SIFT method in the quality of splicing image and were conducive to the analysis of the pathological characteristics of GP patients, which had significant clinical promotion value.
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Tazhimuradov, Ryskhan, Maria Saranova, and Rustam Madalihodjayev. "GASTRIN IN SERUM AND MORPHOLOGICAL STATE OF GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC POLYPOSIS." BULLETIN OF SURGERY IN KAZAKHSTAN, no. IV (October 1, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35805/bsk2021iv038.
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Objective. Numerous studies regarding gastric hormones and their regulation have been performed until now. However, the effect of the hormones on the formation and malignisation of gastric polyps still remains not clear. Our aim was to identify the relation between the level of gastrin in the blood, gastric mucosa, polyp tissue, gastric juice and pathogenesis of gastric polyposis. Materials and methods. A thorough investigation of gastrointestinal hormones in serum and gastric juice, in polyp’s tissue and mucosa, gastrin-secreting cells and proteolytic activity of gastric juice was carried out in 40 patients with gastric polyps. These patients were divided into groups, depending on the location, number, and malignancy of the polyps. As a control group, 10 healthy individuals were used to determine the normal values of the studied indicators. Results: A significant increase (more than two times) in the gastrinemia level before the surgery was noted in patients with polyp recurrence, and gastrin level increased to more significant digits of 227.0+37.4 pg/ml (p<0.05) in one year after polypectomy. Conclusion. Gastrin is apparently involved in the process of polyp formation since polyp’s growth is accompanied by elevation of serum gastrin. This is confirmed by a response of gastrin in the blood to a test meal in individuals with different duration of the disease: a marked increase in gastrinemia appears in patients suffering from gastric polyposis for more than three years. Therefore, evaluation of gastrin level in the patients’ blood can be used to predict a recurrence potential of polyps. This is evidenced by more pronounced hypergastrinemia before polypectomy in patients who had a further recurrence of the disease within one year after the surgery
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Tobin, Karen M., John W. McGrath, Alan Mullan, John P. Quinn, and Kevin E. O'Connor. "Polyphosphate Accumulation by Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Other Medium-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Accumulating Bacteria under Aerobic Growth Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 4 (December 8, 2006): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02007-06.
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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida CA-3 accumulates polyphosphate (polyP) and medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mclPHA) concurrently under nitrogen limitation. Five other mclPHA-accumulating Pseudomonas strains are capable of simultaneous polyP and mclPHA biosynthesis. It appears that polyP is not the rate-limiting step for mclPHA accumulation in these Pseudomonas strains.
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Bjerkehagen, Bodil, Kristin Aaberg, and Sonja E. Steigen. "Do Not Be Fooled by Fancy Mutations: Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps Can Harbor Mutations Similar to Those Found in GIST." Case Reports in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845801.
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Goal. Surgeons that remove a typical polyp from the stomach or small intestine should be reluctant to accept a diagnosis of GIST just because there is a mutation in platelet-derived growth factor receptor alfa (PDGFRA).Background. A subtype of gastric and intestinal polyps is denoted as inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP). In some of these cases a mutation inPDGFRAis found, leading to the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Study. This study includes two patients that had polyps removed from the ileum, and an extended investigation was performed with immunohistochemical staining and mutation analyses.Results. The tumors did not show typical immunohistochemical staining for markers used to diagnose GIST, but the mutation analysis revealed a mutation inPDGFRAexon 12. On the basis of the mutation analysis, both polyps were primarily diagnosed as GISTs, but the diagnosis was later changed to inflammatory fibroid polyp.Conclusion. It is important that both surgeons and pathologists be aware that IFP can harbor a mutation inPDGFRAwhere further treatment and follow-up is different with the two different diagnoses. A mutation analysis can be misleading when taken out of the context of clinical observations, histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining.
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Gabriel, Helena. "Editorial Comment: The Gallbladder Polyp—Growth Happens." American Journal of Roentgenology 218, no. 3 (March 2022): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.21.26968.
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Tan, Bruce K., and De Yun Wang. "Do NERDy eosinophils accelerate nasal polyp growth?" Allergy 74, no. 12 (December 2019): 2291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.13855.
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Adji, Iwan Setiawan, Juliati Hood Assegaf, and Manshur Shidiq Wiyadi. "Pengaruh heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) dan heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) pada polip hidung." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 46, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v46i1.143.
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Latar belakang: Penyebab rekurensi polip hidung multifaktorial dan pertumbuhan polip didugakarena pemulihan luka yang terganggu, dengan HSP70 dan HSF-1 sebagai molekul yang berperan.Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh HSP70 dan HSF-1 pada kejadian tumbuh polip hidung.Metode: Penelitiandi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Karanganyar, dengan desain potong lintang dan pengambilan percontohsecara berurutan untuk mengamati kejadian tumbuh polip hidung, menggunakan polip yang tumbuhkembali pasca terapi polipektomi sederhana dan kortikosteroid topikal selama 6 minggu. Pewarnaanimunohistokimia dilakukan untuk menilai imunoreaktivitas secara kuantitatif pada HSP70 dan HSF-1area epitel, area stroma dan area total (area epitel dan area stroma).Hasil: Ekspresi rerata HSP70 total(stroma dan epitel), stroma saja dan epitel saja lebih rendah bermakna (p<0,05) pada polip yang tumbuhkembali. Peningkatan ekspresi HSF-1 epitel meningkat bermakna pada polip yang tumbuh kembali(p=0,041<0,05), sedangkan ekspresi HSF-1 total dan area stroma mengalami peningkatan tetapi secarastatistik tidak bermakna (P>0,05). Hasil uji korelasi antara perubahan ekspresi HSP70 dan perubahanekspresi HSF-1 pada tiga area adalah bermakna (p<0,05). Nilai korelasi Pearson sebesar -0,540 (area total),-0,521 (area stroma) dan -0,517 (area epitel), menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan korelasi yangsedang.Kesimpulan: Penurunan ekspresi HSP70 total, stroma dan epitel, berpengaruh pada kejadianpolip hidung yang tumbuh kembali, sedangkan peningkatan HSF-1 hanya pada epitel yang berpengaruhpada kejadian polip hidung tumbuh. Didapati korelasi berkekuatan sedang dengan arah negatif, yaitupeningkatan ekspresi HSF-1 sementara ekspresi HSP70 menurun. Kata kunci: Heat shock protein 70, heat shock factor-1, polip hidung ABSTRACTBackground: Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is multifactorial, andremained unclear with unsatisfactory result of its treatment. Evidence suggests growth of polypsallegedly due to impaired wound healing. HSP 70 and HSF-1 have role in wound healing but its effecton the growth of nasal polyps is unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of HSP70 and HSF-1 innasal polyp growth. Methods: The study was performed in Distric Hospital of Karanganyar, involvingpatients who were consecutively sampled, to observe re-growth of the polyps after simple polypectomy andtopical corticosteroids therapy for 6 weeks. Immunoreactive cells of HSP70 and HSF-1 were calculatedin epithelium area, stroma area and total area of epithelium and stroma. Results: A decrease expressionof HSP70 in the total area (stroma and epithelium), stroma and epithelium were found in re-growth NPtissue, and statistically significant (p <0.05). An increased expression of epithelial HSF-1 was statisticallysignificant (p=0.041<0.05), while of total and stromal HSF-1 was statistically not significant (p>0.05).A decrease of the HSP70 and an enhanced of HSF-1 expression was significant (p <0.05). Pearsoncorrelation value of -0.540 for total area, -0.521 for stroma area and -0.517 for epithelium area, showed a negative correlation with moderate strength of the correlation. Conclusion: A decreased expressionof total, epithelial and stromal area of HSP70 influence the incidence of NP re-growth. Only epithelialHSF-1 associated with regrew of NP. The moderate strength of correlation with a negative directionoccurs in HSF-1 and HSP70 expression. Keywords: Heat shock protein 70, heat shock factor-1, nasal polyps Alamat korespondensi: DR. Dr. Iwan Setiawan Adji, SpTHT-KL, RSUD Karanganyar, Jl. Laksda YosSudarso, Kel Bejen, Kec, Karanganyar. Jawa Tengah. Email: dr.iwansetiawan@gmail.com.
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Barone, Michele, Maria Principia Scavo, Raffaele Licinio, Michele Piombino, Nicola De Tullio, Rosanna Mallamaci, and Alfredo Di Leo. "Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Polyps Development in Mice with ApcMin/+Mutation." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354193.
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We explored the hypothesis that an altered microenvironment (intestinal adenomatous polyp) could modify the differentiation program of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs), involving them in colon carcinogenesis. Sublethally irradiated 8-week-old femaleApcMin/+mice were transplanted with bone marrow (BM) cells obtained from either male age-matchedApcMin/+(Apc-Tx-Apc) or wild type (WT) (WT-Tx-Apc) mice. At 4 and 7 weeks after transplantation, BM-derived colonocytes were recognized by colocalization of Y-chromosome and Cdx2 protein (specific colonocyte marker). Polyp number, volume, and grade of dysplasia were not influenced by irradiation/transplantation procedures since they were similar in both untreated femaleApcMin/+and Apc-Tx-Apc mice. At 4 and 7 weeks after transplantation, a progressive significant reduction of polyp number and volume was observed in WT-Tx-Apc mice. Moreover, the number of WT-Tx-Apc mice with a high-grade dysplastic polyps significantly decreased as compared to Apc-Tx-Apc mice. Finally, at 4 and 7 weeks after transplantation, WT-Tx-Apc mice showed a progressive significant increase of Y+/Cdx2+ cells in “normal” mucosa, whereas, in the adenomatous tissue, Y+/Cdx2+ cells remained substantially unvaried. Our findings demonstrate that WT BMSCs do not participate in polyp development but rather inhibit their growth. The substitution of genotypically altered colonocytes with Y+/Cdx2+ cells probably contributes to this process.
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Wierzbicki, Jarosław, Artur Lipiński, Iwona Bednarz-Misa, Łukasz Lewandowski, Katarzyna Neubauer, Paulina Lewandowska, and Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka. "Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins (MCP) in Colorectal Adenomas Are Differently Expressed at the Transcriptional and Protein Levels: Implications for Colorectal Cancer Prevention." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 5559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235559.
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The expression of monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) in colorectal polyps and their suitability as targets for chemoprevention is unknown, although MCP expression and secretion can be modulated by non-steroidal inflammatory drugs. This study was designed to determine the expression patterns of MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, and MCP-3/CCL7 at the protein (immunohistochemistry; n = 62) and transcriptional levels (RTqPCR; n = 173) in colorectal polyps with reference to the polyp malignancy potential. All chemokines were significantly upregulated in polyps at the protein level but downregulated at the transcriptional level by 1.4-(CCL2), 1.7-(CCL7), and 2.3-fold (CCL8). There was an inverse relation between the immunoreactivity toward chemokine proteins and the number of corresponding transcripts in polyps (CCL2 and CCL7) or in normal mucosa (CCL8). The downregulation of chemokine transcripts correlated with the presence of multiple polyps (CCL2 and CCL8), a larger polyp size (CCL2, CCL7, and CCL8), predominant villous growth patterns (CCL2, CCL7 and CCL8), and high-grade dysplasia (CCL2 and CCL8). In conclusion, MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-2/CCL8, and MCP-3/CCL7 chemokines are counter-regulated at the protein and transcriptional levels. Chemokine-directed chemopreventive strategies should therefore directly neutralize MCP proteins or target molecular pathways contributing to their enhanced translation or reduced degradation, rather than aiming at CCL2, CCL7 or CCL8 expression.
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Anastasopoulos, George, Dilyana Vicheva, Eleni-Christina Tsiompanou, and Eleftherios Ferekidis. "The technique of dermoplasty to treat recurrent nasal polyps: preoperative evaluation, surgical details, postoperative endoscopic appearance and histopathologic analysis." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 6, no. 24 (December 1, 2016): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjr-2016-0024.
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Abstract BACKGROUND. The tendency of the nasal polyps for recurrence is well established and recognized. A potentially effective measure to reduce this tendency seems to be the replacement of the mucosa responsible for polyp growth. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Since February 2012, we have used this method in fifteen patients with intractable polyposis. After a short course of preoperative medication, we performed a detailed computed scan analysis to study the anatomy of the ethmoidal complex and calculate the area and contour of the graft. Under general anaesthesia, we removed the mucosa of the nasal roof and replaced it with a split-thickness skin graft. For maintenance, only a short course of nasal drops every three months seems to suffice. RESULTS. Excluding the first two cases due to a poor surgical technique, the rest of the cases may be considered successful. All patients experience a functional nose with restored nasal breathing and occasionally olfactory function with only a minimal pharmaceutical aid. Polyps still grow, but they show a much more benign course and are readily responsive to medical treatment. Interestingly, polyps present squamous metaplasia postoperatively. This feature needs further investigation. CONCLUSION. The method of dermoplasty presents a high potential for control of polyp growth. With only an hour prolongation of surgical time, a minor increase in complication rate and a small increase in morbidity rate, the technique deserves further attention from the rhinological society.
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Luo, Yongsheng, Jinglun Zhao, Chunpeng He, Zuhong Lu, and Xiaolin Lu. "Miniaturized Platform for Individual Coral Polyps Culture and Monitoring." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020127.
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Methodologies for coral polyps culture and real-time monitoring are important in investigating the effects of the global environmental changes on coral reefs and marine biology. However, the traditional cultivation method is limited in its ability to provide a rapid and dynamic microenvironment to effectively exchange the chemical substances and simulate the natural environment change. Here, an integrated microdevice with continuous perfusion and temperature-control in the microenvironment was fabricated for dynamic individual coral polyps culture. For a realistic mimicry of the marine ecological environment, we constructed the micro-well based microfluidics platform that created a fluid flow environment with a low shear rate and high substance transfer, and developed a sensitive temperature control system for the long-term culture of individual coral polyps. This miniaturized platform was applied to study the individual coral polyps in response to the temperature change for evaluating the coral death caused by El Nino. The experimental results demonstrated that the microfluidics platform could provide the necessary growth environment for coral polyps as expected so that in turn the biological activity of individual coral polyps can quickly be recovered. The separation between the algae and host polyp cells were observed in the high culture temperature range and the coral polyp metabolism was negatively affected. We believe that our culture platform for individual coral polyps can provide a reliable analytical approach for model and mechanism investigations of coral bleaching and reef conservation.