Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polynômes caractéristiques'
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Jalinière, Pierre. "Arithmétrique en différentes caractéristiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066113/document.
In this thesis, we present three independent works in cryptography, p-adic Hodge theory and Numerical analysis.First we present several algorithms to solve the discrete logarithm in several characteristic finite fields. We are particularly interested with the determination of classes of polynomial functions with small coefficients.The second part of the thesis deals with one of the major object of p-adic Hodge theory. We present a multi-variable version of Breuil-Kisin modules where the Lubin-Tate tower replaces the classical cyclotomic tower. He third proposes two numerical schemes for the modelisation of desorption of shale gaz
Boissière, Samuel. "Sur les correspondances de McKay pour le schéma de Hilbert de points sur le plan affine." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007177.
Jacques, Simon. "Adhérences de certaines orbites dans la variété de drapeaux, résolution et normalité dans les types classiques A, B, D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0299.
Let G be a connected algebraic reductive group in types A, B, or D, and e be a nilpotent element of its Lie algebra with centralizer Z:=Z_G(e). We suppose the characteristic zero and that e corresponds to a nilpotent endomorphism of order two. We sketch a proof of the following result: all Z-orbit closures Y in the flag variety X of G are normal. It extends a work of Nicolas Perrin and Evgeny Smirnov which deals with an irreducible component Y of the Springer fiber X(e) in types A and D. We use the same main arguments, namely an induction based on (1): the existence of a suitable birational morphism onto Y, and (2): the surjectivity of section restrictions of an ample line bundle. For us (1) will be obtained thanks to good Weyl group elements, Schubert varieties, Bott-Samelson varieties and several fundamental results from Roger Wolcott Richardson and Tonny Albert Springer on symmetric spaces. On the other hand, (2) follows from a theorem proved by Xuhua He and Jesper Funch Thomsen which states Frobenius splittings of Y-like varieties. It thus implies (2) in positive characteristic and we just have to pass it through the zero : we then merely produce an example of the reduction modulo p method.Our work suggests several avenues of research and could be improved in several directions. It could have implications for the study of the irreducible components of the Steinberg variety and thus for the calculation of the characteristic polynomials. They have been introduced by Anthony Joseph in order to constitute irreducible representations of the Weyl group. Our work also raises the question of its generalization to the C type, the exceptional types and the positive characteristic
Ravache, Philippe. "Automorphismes projectifs et polynômes binaires irréductibles." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES027.
This Ph. D. Is a study of some structural properties of the set of irreducible polynomials with coefficients in F2. The first part classify these polynomials under the action of the automorphisms group of the projective line P1(F2), i. E. PGL2(F2) S3. We obtain four families of invariant polynomials under each non trivial subgroup of S3, which generalize the notion of self-reciprocal polynomials. Moreover, we give an enumeration formula that completes Carlitz' one (which concerns the self-reciprocal polynomials). In the second part, we give transformations that generate our invariant polynomials and the general theorem describing their action on the irreducible polynomials. That gives two different partitions by easy relations on their coefficients. We also propose ways to construct infinite sequences of irreducible invariant polynomials, generalizing what was known for self-reciprocal polynomials. In the third part, we study more deeply our transformations. In particular, we show that we can find two of them through operations on the points of two elliptic curves
Pernet, Clément. "Algèbre linéaire exacte efficace : le calcul du polynôme caractéristique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111346.
Le calcul du polynôme caractéristique est l'un des problèmes classiques en algèbre linéaire. Son calcul exact permet par exemple de déterminer la similitude entre deux matrices, par le calcul de la forme normale de Frobenius, ou la cospectralité de deux graphes. Si l'amélioration de sa complexité théorique reste un problème ouvert, tant pour les méthodes denses que boîte noire, nous abordons la question du point de vue de la praticabilité : des algorithmes adaptatifs pour les matrices denses ou boîte noire sont dérivés des meilleurs algorithmes existants pour assurer l'efficacité en pratique. Cela permet de traiter de façon exacte des problèmes de dimensions jusqu'alors inaccessibles.
Hardy, Adrien. "Problèmes d'équilibre vectoriels et grandes déviations." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2210/.
In this thesis we investigate the convergence and large deviations of the empirical measure associated with several determinantal point processes. These point processes have in common that their average characteristic polynomial is a multiple orthogonal polynomial, the latter being a generalization of orthogonal polynomials. The first simplest example is a 2D Coulomb gas in a confining potential at inverse temperature beta = 2, for which the average characteristic polynomial is an orthogonal polynomial. A large deviation principle for the empirical measure is known to hold, even in the general beta > 0 case, with a rate function involving an equilibrium problem arising from logarithmic potential theory. As a warming up, we show this result actually extends to the case where the potential is weakly confining, i. E. Satisfying a weaker growth assumption that usual. To do so, we introduce a compactification procedure which will be of important use in what follows. Motivated by more complex determinantal point processes, we then develop a general framework for vector equilibrium problems with weakly confining potentials to make sense. We prove existence and uniqueness of their solutions, which improves the existing results in the potential theory literature, and moreover show that the associated functionals have compact level sets. Next, we investigate a determinantal point process associated with an additive perturbation of a Wishart matrix, for which the average characteristic polynomial is a multiple orthogonal polynomial associated with two weights. We establish a large deviation principle for the empirical measure with a rate function related to a vector equilibrium problem with weakly confining potentials. This is the first time that a vector equilibrium problem is shown to be involved in a large deviation principle for random matrix models. Finally, we study on a more general level when both the empirical measure of a determinantal point process and the zero distribution of the associated average characteristic polynomial converge to the same limit. We obtain a sufficient condition for a class of determinantal point processes which contains the ones related to multiple orthogonal polynomials. On the way, we provide a sufficient condition to strengthen the mean convergence of the empirical measure to the almost sure one. As an application, we describe the limiting distributions for the zeros of multiple Hermite and multiple Laguerre polynomials in terms of free convolutions of classical distributions with atomic measures, and then derive algebraic equations for their Cauchy-Stieltjes transforms
Alessandrini, David. "Les singularités des polynômes à l'infini et les compactifications toriques." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002671.
Le chapitre 2 donne les principaux résultats de cette thèse dans le cas d'une compactification torique par poids de l'espace affine C^n. On démontre la trivialité affine d'un polynôme à l'aide de l'hypothèse de modération sur le gradient par poids de Malgrange-Paunescu : |grad_Wf(z)|_W est minoré. On démontre aussi grâce à la même hypothèse de modération sur le gradient la propriété locale suivante : le champ de vecteurs de Kuo-Paunescu après modification torique donne un champ de vecteurs controlé par rapport au diviseur à l'infini. Cette dernière condition nous donne la condition la plus importante : la condition non-caractéristique. On en déduit la trivialité locale en un point du diviseur.
Le chapitre 3 est basé sur les travaux de Hamm, Lê et Mebkhout. Il décrit la correspondance entre la condition non-caractéristique obtenue au chapitre 2 et la notion de cycles évanescents ainsi que celle de trivialité locale.
Le chapitre 4 présente la généralisation des théorèmes du chapitre 2 pour une compactification torique quelconque de l'espace affine C^n.
Magali, Rocher. "Courbes algébriques en caractéristique p>0 munies d'un gros p-groupe d'automorphismes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13656/document.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p>0 and C a connected nonsingular projective curve over k with genus g>1. We define a big action as a pair (C,G) where G is a p-subgroup of the k-automorphism group of C such that |G| /g > 2p / p-1. Then, C ---> C/G is an étale cover of the affine line Spec k[X] totally ramified at infinity. We first give necessary conditions on the second ramification G_2 of G at infinity for (C,G) to be a big action. We also display realizations of such actions with G_2 abelian of exponent as large as we want. Our main source of examples comes from the construction of curves with many rational points using ray class field theory for global function fields. Then we focus on the case where G_2 is p-elementary abelian. In particular, considering additive polynomials of k[X], we obtain a structure theorem for the functions parametrizing the Artin-Schreier cover C --> C/G_2. Then we display universal families and discuss the corresponding deformation space for p=5. All these results lead to the classification and the parametrization of big actions for |G|/g^2 greater or equal to 4/(p^2-1)^2
Robert, Gwezheneg. "Codes de Gabidulin en caractéristique nulle : application au codage espace-temps." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S083/document.
Space-time codes are error correcting codes dedicated to MIMO transmissions. Mathematically, a space-time code is a finite family of complex matrices. Its preformances rely on several parameters, including its minimal rank distance. Gabidulin codes are codes in this metric, famous for their optimality and thanks to efficient decoding algorithms. That's why they are used to design space-time codes. The main difficulty is to design complex matrices from binary matrices. The aim of the works collected here is to generalize Gabidulin codes to number fields, especially cyclique extesnions. We see that they have the same properties than Gabidulin codes over finite fields. We study several errors and erasures models and introduce a quadratic algorithm to recover transmitted information. When computing in finite fields, we are faced with the growing size problem. Indeed, the size of the coefficients grows exponentielly along the algorithm. To avoid this problem, it is possible to reduce the code, in order to compute in a finite field. Finally, we design a family of space-time codes, based on generalised Gabidulin codes. We see that our codes have performances similar to those of existing codes, and that they have additional structure
Lamei, Kamran. "Fonction de Hilbert non standard et nombres de Betti gradués des puissances d'idéaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066368/document.
Using the concept of vector partition functions, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of graded Betti numbers of powers of homogeneous ideals in a polynomial ring over a field. For a positive Z-grading, our main result states that the Betti numbers of powers is encoded by finitely many polynomials. More precisely, Z^2 can be splitted into a finite number of regions such that, in each of them, dim_k Tor^{S}_{i} (I^t,k)μ is a quasi-polynomial in (μ,t). This refines, in a graded situation, the result of Kodiyalam on Betti numbers of powers in [33]. The main statement treats the case of a power products of homogeneous ideals in a Z^d -graded algebra, for a positive grading, in the sense of [37] and it is also generalizes to I -good filtrations . In the second part , using the parametric version of Barvinok’s algorithm, we give a closed formula for non-standard Hilbert functions of polynomial rings, in low dimensions
Lass, Bodo. "Calcul combinatoire ensembliste." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13173.
San, Saturnino Jean-Christophe. "Théorème de Kaplansky effectif et uniformisation locale des schémas quasi-excellents." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973941.
Diamoutani, Mamadou. "De quelques méthodes de calcul de valeurs propres de grandes matrices." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321850.
Jeannerod, Claude-Pierre. "Formes normales de perturbations de matrices : étude et calcul exact." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006747.
Letendre, Thomas. "Contributions à l'étude des sous-variétés aléatoires." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1240/document.
We study the volume and Euler characteristic of codimension r ∈ {1, . . . , n} random submanifolds in a dimension n manifold M. First, we consider Riemannian random waves. That is M is a closed Riemannian manifold and we study the common zero set Zλ of r independent random linear combinations of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian associated to eigenvalues smaller than λ 0. We compute estimates for the mean volume and Euler characteristic of Zλ as λ goes to infinity. We also consider a model of random real algebraic manifolds. In this setting, M is the real locus of a projective manifold defined over the reals. Then, we consider the real vanishing locus Zd of a random real global holomorphic section of E ⊗ Ld, where E is a rank r Hermitian vector bundle, L is an ample Hermitian line bundle and both these bundles are defined over the reals. We compute the asymptotics of the mean volume and Euler characteristic of Zd as d goes to infinity. In this real algebraic setting, we also compute the asymptotic of the variance of the volume of Zd, when 1 r < n. In this case, we prove asympotic equidistribution results for Zd in M
Diamoutani, Mamadou. "De quelques méthodes de calcul de valeurs propres de matrices de grande taille." Phd thesis, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321850.