Academic literature on the topic 'Polynesians'

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Journal articles on the topic "Polynesians"

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Finney, Ben. "Rediscovering Polynesian Navigation through Experimental Voyaging." Journal of Navigation 46, no. 3 (September 1993): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300011838.

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Over the last two decades, my colleagues and I have sailed a modern reconstruction of a Polynesian voyaging canoe some 40 000 nautical miles through Polynesian waters. This programme has been driven by two intertwined goals: one experimental – to test the sailing technology and navigational methods of the ancient Polynesians in order to resolve issues in Polynesian prehistory; and the other cultural – to enable contemporary Polynesians to relearn the means by which their ancestors found and settled their islands, and thereby gain a better sense of their uniquely maritime heritage and, ultimately, themselves. This paper focuses on the effort to rediscover how to navigate without instruments, and how that rediscovery is helping both to change scientific thinking about the colonization of Polynesia and to transform the selfimage of contemporary Polynesians.
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Morris, Paul. "Polynesians and Mormonism." Nova Religio 18, no. 4 (2014): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.83.

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Polynesia has a particular place in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The region that heralded the Church’s first overseas missions includes seven of the world’s top ten nations in terms of the proportion of Mormons in the population, and it is home to six Mormon temples. The Polynesian Latter-day Saint population is increasing in both percentage and absolute numbers, and peoples in the Pacific “islands of the sea” continue to play a central role in the Mormon missionary imaginary. This article explores Polynesians in the LDS Church and critically evaluates different theories seeking to explain this growing religious affiliation. Scholars of Mormonism and commentators explain this growth in terms of parallels between Mormonism and indigenous Polynesian traditions, particularly family lineage and ancestry, and theological and ritual affinities. After evaluating these claims in light of scholarly literature and interviews with Latter-day Saints, however, I conclude that other reasons—especially education and other new opportunities—may equally if not more significantly account for the appeal of Mormonism to Polynesians.
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Turner II, Christy G. "Dental Indications of Polynesian Affinity for Prehistoric Rotuma Islanders, South Pacific." Dental Anthropology Journal 18, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v18i2.134.

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Human skeletal reburial, reasonable from a religious and personal point of view, nevertheless diminishes the physical record of human evolution. The present study preserves some information for a small but rare Pacific Basin skeletal assemblage. Prehistoric human tooth-bearing cranial and jaw fragments and loose teeth of probably 19 individuals excavated on Rotuma Island were examined for crown and root morphology. The purpose of the examination was to assess whether these individuals were morphologically more like Melanesians or Polynesians. Rotuma is in the Polynesian culture area north of the Fiji group, which exhibits archaeological and ethnographic evidence of colonists from both Oceanic populations. Polynesians belong to the Malayo-Polynesian language family, so if the Rotuma teeth are similar to Polynesians they should also be more similar to Southeast Asian teeth than to those of linguistically different Melanesians or Australians. Indeed, this seems to be the case, although the small Rotuma sample size reduces confidence somewhat in this finding of Rotuma similarity with Polynesians and Southeast Asians.
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Yong, Sue. "Pride or prejudice: accounting and Polynesian entrepreneurs." Pacific Accounting Review 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 182–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-10-2017-0084.

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PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the role of accounting, accountants and the cash management processes of indigenous Māori and Pacific (collectively referred as Polynesian) entrepreneurs in New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research methodology was used; 43 in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with Polynesian entrepreneurs, key informants, business experts and accountants to align with the oral Polynesian traditions and protocols.FindingsThe paper highlights the influence of cultural values on Polynesians’ accounting decision-making processes. It also provides some unique insights into the interrelationships of the cultural, economic and social dynamics that sculpt Polynesians’ decisions towards accounting, cash management and their accountants.Research limitations/implicationsPurposive sampling of a small sample was drawn from Auckland, New Zealand. Though statistical generalisability is not possible, in-depth interview data provided rich and contextual evidence which are often missing from a quantitative research approach.Practical implicationsIt highlights the need for contextualised accounting services to Polynesian entrepreneurs by the accounting profession. It also calls for more cultural sensitivity when servicing and regulating Polynesian entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThis study identifies some unique insights into the interrelationships of culture, economic and social dynamics in Polynesian entrepreneurs. In particular, the cultural values of communality, reciprocity and “gift-giving” and respect for authority are important factors in shaping the Polynesians’ approach to accounting disposition and business cash management. It also identifies the power differentials between Polynesian entrepreneurs and their accountants, in which the former takes on a subordinate role to the latter.
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Jones, Terry L., and Kathryn A. Klar. "Diffusionism Reconsidered: Linguistic and Archaeological Evidence for Prehistoric Polynesian Contact with Southern California." American Antiquity 70, no. 3 (July 2005): 457–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035309.

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While the prevailing theoretical orthodoxy of North American archaeology overwhelmingly discourages consideration of transoceanic cultural diffusion, linguistic and archaeological evidence appear to indicate at least one instance of direct cultural contact between Polynesia and southern California during the prehistoric era. Three words used to refer to boats - including the distinctive sewn-plank canoe used by Chumashan and Gabrielino speakers of the southern California coast - are odd by the phonotactic and morphological standards of their languages and appear to correlate with Proto-Central Eastern Polynesian terms associated with woodworking and canoe construction. Chumashan and Gabrielino speakers seem to have borrowed this complex of words along with the sewn-plank construction technique itself sometime between ca. A.D. 400 and 800, at which time there is also evidence for punctuated adaptive change (e.g., increased exploitation of pelagic fish) and appearance of a Polynesian style two-piece bone fishhook in the Santa Barbara Channel. These developments were coeval with a period of major exploratory seafaring by the Polynesians that resulted in the discovery and settlement of Hawaii - the nearest Polynesian outpost to southern California. Archaeological and ethnographic information from the Pacific indicates that the Polynesians had the capabilities of navigation, boat construction, and sailing, as well as the cultural incentives to complete a one-way passage from Hawaii to the mainland of southern California. These findings suggest that diffusion and other forms of historical contingency still need to be considered in constructions of North American prehistory.
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Amadéo, S., E. P. Noble, M. L. Fourcade-Amadéo, C. Tetaria, M. F. Brugiroux, L. Nicolas, X. Deparis, et al. "Association of D2 dopamine receptor and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genes with Polynesian alcoholics." European Psychiatry 15, no. 2 (March 2000): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00206-6.

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SummaryAlleles of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) and the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) genes were determined in 69 French Polynesian alcoholic patients and 57 controls matched for racial origin. Three racial groups were studied: pure Polynesians (PP), Polynesians mixed with Caucasian (PCA) ancestry and Polynesians mixed with Chinese (PCH) ancestry. DRD2 A1 allele frequencies in the alcoholics compared to their controls in these groups were: PP,.26 vs .32 (P = .69); PCA, .44 vs .35 (P = .46); PCH, .40 vs 0.39 (P = .88). ADH2 1 allele frequencies in alcoholics compared to their controls groups were: PP, .56 vs .62 (P = .66); PCA, .75 vs .56 (P = .09); PCH, .78 vs .32 (P = .009). In the PCA group, the combination of the DRD2 A1 genotypes and the ADH2 1 homozygotes was strongly associated with alcoholism (P = .0027). This preliminary study shows the importance of ascertaining racial ancestry in molecular genetic association studies. Moreover, it suggests that a combination of genes are involved in susceptibility to the development of alcoholism.
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Barber, Ian G., and Thomas F. G. Higham. "Archaeological science meets Māori knowledge to model pre-Columbian sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) dispersal to Polynesia’s southernmost habitable margins." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): e0247643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247643.

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Most scholars of the subject consider that a pre-Columbian transpacific transfer accounts for the historical role of American sweet potato Ipomoea batatas as the kūmara staple of Indigenous New Zealand/Aotearoa Māori in cooler southwestern Polynesia. Archaeologists have recorded evidence of ancient Polynesian I. batatas cultivation from warmer parts of generally temperate-climate Aotearoa, while assuming that the archipelago’s traditional Murihiku region in southern South Island/Te Waipounamu was too cold to grow and store live Polynesian crops, including relatively hardy kūmara. However, archaeological pits in the form of seasonal Māori kūmara stores (rua kūmara) have been discovered unexpectedly at Pūrākaunui on eastern Murihuku’s Otago coast, over 200 km south of the current Polynesian limit of record for premodern I. batatas production. Secure pit deposits that incorporate starch granules with I. batatas characteristics are radiocarbon-dated within the decadal range 1430–1460 CE at 95% probability in a Bayesian age model, about 150 years after Polynesians first settled Te Waipounamu. These archaeological data become relevant to a body of Māori oral history accounts and traditional knowledge (mātauranga) concerning southern kūmara, incorporating names, memories, landscape features and seemingly enigmatic references to an ancient Murihiku crop presence. Selected components of this lore are interpreted through comparative exegesis for correlation with archaeological science results in testable models of change. In a transfer and adaptation model, crop stores if not seasonal production technologies also were introduced from a warmer, agricultural Aotearoa region into dune microclimates of 15th-century coastal Otago to mitigate megafaunal loss, and perhaps to support Polynesia’s southernmost residential chiefdom in its earliest phase. A crop loss model proposes that cooler seasonal temperatures of the post-1450 Little Ice Age and (or) political change constrained kūmara supply and storage options in Murihiku. The loss model allows for the disappearance of kūmara largely, but not entirely, as a traditional Otago crop presence in Māori social memory.
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Martin, Gary J. "Islands, plants, and Polynesians: An introduction to Polynesian ethnobotany." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 39, no. 2 (June 1993): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90030-9.

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ADDISON, DAVID J., and ELIZABETH MATISOO-SMITH. "Rethinking Polynesians origins: A West-Polynesia Triple-I Model." Archaeology in Oceania 45, no. 1 (April 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2010.tb00072.x.

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Santos, Ricardo Ventura, and Bronwen Douglas. "‘Polynesians’ in the Brazilian hinterland? Sociohistorical perspectives on skulls, genomics, identity, and nationhood." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119891044.

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In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists De Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed anatomical and osteometric investigation of the new human skull collection of Rio de Janeiro’s Museu Nacional. They argued not only that the Indigenous ‘Botocudo’ in Brazil might be autochthonous to the New World, but also that they shared analogic proximity to other geographically very distant human groups – the New Caledonians and Australians – equally attributed limited cranial capacity and resultant inferior intellect. Described by Blumenbach and Morton, ‘Botocudo’ skulls were highly valued scientific specimens in 19th-century physical anthropology. A recent genomic study has again related ‘the Botocudo’ to Indigenous populations from the other side of the world by identifying ‘Polynesian ancestry’ in two of 14 Botocudo skulls held at the Museu Nacional. This article places the production of scientific knowledge in multidisciplinary, multiregional historical perspectives. We contextualize modern narratives in the biological sciences relating ‘Botocudo’ skulls and other cranial material from lowland South America to Polynesia, Melanesia, and Australia. With disturbing irony, such studies often unthinkingly reinscribe essentialized historic racial categories such as ‘the Botocudos’, ‘the Polynesians’, and ‘the Australo-Melanesians’. We conclude that the fertile alliance of intersecting sciences that is revolutionizing understandings of deep human pasts must be informed by sensitivity to the deep histories of terms, classification schemes, and the disciplines themselves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polynesians"

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Frazier, Adam M. "The Geography of Polynesians in Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1997. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,7966.

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Christiansen, Lurlene. "Catch the wahine and win (re) addressing the Polynesian : this exegesis [thesis] is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Art and Design, 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.

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Poa, Nicola. "Molecular Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand Polynesians." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/692.

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The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is four fold higher in New Zealand(NZ) Polynesians compared to Caucasians. Hence diabetes is more prevalent in Maori (16.5% of the general population) and Pacific Island people (10.1%) compared to NZ Caucasians (9.3%). It is generally accepted that type 2 diabetes has major genetic determinants and heterozygous mutations in a number of genes have previously been identified in some subsets of type 2 diabetes and certain ethnic groups. The high prevalence of diabetes in NZ Polynesians, when compared with NZ Caucasians, after controlling for age, income and body mass index (BMI), suggest that genes may be important in this population. Therefore, the prevalence of allelic variations in the genes encoding amylin and insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1), and exon 2 of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) gene in NZ Polynesians with type 2 diabetes was determined. These genes are known to produce type 2 diabetes in other populations. The genes investigated were screened for mutations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing of promoter regions, exons and adjacent intronic sequences from genomic DNA. DNA was obtained from 146 NZ Polynesians (131 Maori and 15 Pacific Island) with type 2 diabetes and 387 NZ Polynesian non-diabetic control subjects (258 Maori and 129 Pacific Island). Sequences were compared to previously published sequences in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. Allelic variations in IPF-1 and exon 2 of the HNF-1α gene were not associated with type 2 diabetes in NZ Polynesians. However, in the amylin gene, two new and one previously described allele was identified in the Maori population including: two alleles in the promoter region (-132G>A and -215T>G), and a missense mutation in exon 3 (QlOR). The -215T>G allele was observed in 5.4% and l% of type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic Maori respectively, and predisposed the carrier to diabetes with a relative risk of 7.23. The -215T>G allele was inherited with a previously described amylin promoter polymorphism(-230A>C) in 3% of Maori with type 2 diabetes, which suggests linkage equilibrium exists between these two alleles. Both Q10R and -132G>A were observed in 0.76% of type 2 diabetic patients and were absent in non-diabetic subjects. Together these allelic variations may account for approximately 7% of type 2 diabetes in Maori. These results suggest that the amylin gene maybe an important candidate marker gene for type 2 diabetes in Maori.
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Allen, Melinda S. "Dynamic landscapes and human subsistence : archaeological investigations on Aitutaki Island, southern Cook Oslands /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6437.

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Igarashi, Yuriko. "Subsistence activities of prehistoric Polynesians : Analyses of shell artifacts and shell remains excavated at prehistoric sites on Mangaia, Cook Islands." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86282.

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Leach, Wendy Nicole. "Alaskan Eskimo and Polynesian Island population skeletal anatomy the "Pacific paradox" revisited through surface area to body mass comparisons /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12152006-100028/.

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Nauta, Melanie. "Walt Disney’s Moana, “We are Polynesia” : A CDA of Disney’s representation of the Polynesian culture inside Moana." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40639.

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Disney is known for their family animation movies with a non-western or indigenous cultural background. Nevertheless, Disney is basically very influential for the perception of cultures by a global audience. Many studies have proven that Disney’s depiction of a certain represented culture has not always been that clean. Of course two side notes are that Disney does make movies from an American dominant perspective and second, there is no such thing as a ‘real’ or ‘correct’ culture.   Now, with the movie Moana freshly released in 2016, Disney took a step in the indigenous Polynesian culture. This research uses a thorough Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse how Disney portrays Polynesia and the Polynesian culture inside four selected samples of the movie Moana. This analysis is combined with the theories and concepts of Americanisation, Disneyfication and cultural appropriation to find out mixtures of the portrayed Polynesian culture with American and Disney values.   Interesting findings were that Disney indeed portrays a hotchpotch of many cultures that can be found in Polynesia. Disney took care of highlighting the culture in the general storyline, in the characters and in the small details. Disney uses details of Polynesian mythology and the history around the ancient voyagers and wayfinding techniques for the storyline. What Disney emphasises is the importance of family, their history and their culture. Disney always portrays the culture with a certain emission of power and pride.   However, the American dominancy is still noticeable. For example, the depiction of the coconut and the plumeria flower are signs of Americanised Polynesia. The American and Disney values are all visible during the whole movie and can be found in quotes, gestures and behaviour of characters as Moana, the ocean and demigod Maui. Especially Maui is being portrayed as the ‘American dominant hero’ even though Maui is considered to be a honoured and popular Polynesian demigod.
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Tapuni, Nooroa. "The return of the Polynesian Phantom." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/914.

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This research project, Return of the Polynesian Phantom, investigates self-portraiture through the mediums of moving image, digital modeling, object making, and installation. It seeks to consider in these media an ambiguous threshold between lightness and darkness, the real and the fabricated. The proposition that it explores is that it is at such ambiguous thresholds that notions of identity are negotiated, and where the perception and interpretation of symbolic meaning renders identity phantom.
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Christodoulou, Constantine. "A critical dictionary of Herman Melville's Polynesian terms." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4823.

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The dissertation is divided into five chapters and focuses primarily on Melville’s Typee, Omoo, Mardi, and Moby Dick. Chapter I introduces the idea that Melville understood Polynesian better than what critics have demonstrated, and that he used the Polynesian language to develop his own multicultural aesthetic. Chapter II discusses how Melville attempts to resolve his aesthetic preoccupations by opening his narratives to the literary potential of the Polynesian language. The chapter examines representative examples of the orthographic idiosyncrasies of Melville’s Polynesian adoptions and adaptations which describe his new literary aesthetic. The chapter also investigates how Melville’s Polynesian aesthetic affects the construction of meaning in his texts. The chapter finally discusses examples of past editorial choices which have sidestepped Melville’s Polynesian aesthetic and, thus, provided readers with a limited understanding of the Polynesian language’s role in Melville’s texts. Chapter III analyzes samples of Melville’s Polynesian adoptions and adaptations from the above narratives to emphasize the role of the Polynesian language in his Pacific experience. This chapter’s intention is to underline the interaction between Melville’s Polynesian language and culture and his texts, which engendered a complex multicultural aesthetic that permeated his first three works, continued to influence his later writings, and contributed significantly to his cosmopolitan vision of American cultural identity. Chapter IV contains the dictionary, which incorporates approximately two hundred entries. Each entry is divided into four sections. The first is a series of quotes from Melville’s texts that illustrate the various meanings that Melville has given to the term being examined. The second is a list of definitions from various dialects, intended to underline the various Polynesian linguistic elements that Melville adopted or adapted to construct each particular term. The third is an interpretative paragraph that explains how each term is divided into its constituent parts based on Melville’s aesthetic. The fourth section contains specific quotes from other sources of the particular term that underline the significance of that source to Melville’s knowledge of the particular term. Chapter V concludes with the idea that this dissertation is meant as a starting guide to reexamining Melville’s Polynesian aesthetic.
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Parkes, Annette. "Holocene environments and vegetational change on four Polynesian islands." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5716.

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The specific research objectives of this study are: to look at environmental changes that have occurred on several Pacific island systems from the pre- to post-settlement periods; to see whether the observed changes are natural or anthropogenic; to test the latest Polynesian settlement theory; and to contribute to the understanding of the vegetation history on these islands. This study reports the results of stratigraphic investigations from four Polynesian sediment sequences. The sediments of Lakes Lanoto'o (Upolu), Roto (Atiu), Temae (Mo'orea) and Vaihiria (Tahiti) have revealed a history of environmental and vegetational change during the Holocene, which include long-term climatic variations affecting broad scale vegetation changes on Upolu and Atiu; long term sea-level change influencing the local environment and vegetation on Atiu; localised disruption of vegetation in the Vaihiria basin of Tahiti resulting from natural landslides; and finally, major changes in local environment due to human activity, evident on all of the islands. Records from Lake Lanoto'o and Lake Roto extend into the early Holocene and span both pre- and post-settlement periods, with the latter providing a continuous vegetation record from around 9000 yr BP. Sequences from Lakes Temae and Vaihiria originated in the late Holocene; the Temae record also spans the estimated period of Polynesian expansion into the Society Islands and, consequently provides some insight into the nature of indigenous floras. Modifications attributed to human activity were recognised in the Lanoto'o catchment from 2425±70 yr BP (512 BC). Initial settlement of the Lake Roto basin has been dated from 1420±45 yr BP (AD 640), while a 1210±90 yr BP (AD 790) record of human influence has been determined from the Mo'orea sequence. Fossil pollen records indicate that Polynesian settlers modified the natural vegetation and encouraged the growth of open scrub and fernlands. However, declines in several primary forest plants, previously associated with anthropogenic deforestation, appear to have resulted from natural causes during pre-settlement times. The presence of coconut pollen in two of the lake sequences, dated at -8600 yr BP in Atiu and prior to 1400 yr BP in Mo'orea, strongly suggests that the dispersal of this palm was by natural, as opposed to human agents, in contrast to previous theories. The Polynesian settlement date for Atiu, which is earlier than any previous archaeological records, is in conflict with the views behind the "Orthodox Scenario" of prehistoric settlement, and necessitates a re-think of this theory.
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Books on the topic "Polynesians"

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Currie, Stephen. Polynesians. Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2000.

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Sutton, Bruce S. Lehi, father of Polynesia: Polynesians are Nephites. Orem, Utah: Hawaiki Pub., 2001.

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Inc, World Book, ed. The Polynesians. Chicago: World Book, 2009.

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Bellwood, Peter S. The Polynesians: Prehistory of an island people. New York, N.Y: Thames and Hudson, 1987.

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Bellwood, Peter. The Polynesians: Prehistory of an island people. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.

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Argod, Robert. Nouveau regard sur les migrations polynésiennes: La plus grande aventure maritime de tous les temps. Papeete, Tahiti: Haere Po no Tahiti, 1997.

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Schuhmacher, W. Wilfried. The linguistic aspect of Thor Heyerdahl's theory. Heidelberg: C. Winter, 1989.

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Museum, Ulster. Polynesia: The Polynesian collection in the Ulster Museum, Belfast. (Belfast): The Museum, 1986.

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Andersen, Johannes Carl. Myths and legends of the Polynesians. New York: Dover Publications, 1995.

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Bellwood, Peter. The Polylnesians: Prehistory of an Island People. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polynesians"

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Fischer, Steven Roger. "Melanesians, Micronesians, Polynesians." In A History of the Pacific Islands, 24–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08812-3_2.

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Katayama, Kazumichi. "Dermatoglyphics of Native Polynesians in the Cook Islands, and their Biological Positioning among South Pacific Populations." In Trends in Dermatoglyphic Research, 258–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2137-5_22.

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Favro, Patrick, and Stéphane Amadéo. "The Polynesian Soul and the Modern World: Psychology Today in French Polynesia." In International and Cultural Psychology, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87763-7_11.

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Serjeantson, Susan W., and X. Gao. "The genetic prehistory of Australia and Oceania: new insights from DNA analyses." In Prehistoric Mongoloid Dispersals, 309–23. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198523185.003.0021.

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Abstract The origins of the Polynesians remain a matter for debate. Some conclude Polynesians evolved out of Melanesia (e.g. Allen and White 1989; Houghton 1991), mainly because the Bismarck Archipelago region near Rabaul (Fig. 21.1) has been suggested as a source of Lapita or Polynesian culture (Spriggs 1985). Others suggest a substantial Melanesian contribution on the basis of the high fre quency (15%) of a Melanesian-specific alpha-globin deletion in eastern Polynesia (Hill et al. 1985). HLA class I genetic analyses have shown that the Polynesian repertoire can be derived from the east Asian gene pool, except that Polynesians and Amerindians share uniquely high frequencies of HLA-B48 (Serjeantson 1989) that may reflect common Mongoloid ancestry rather than direct contact. Linguistic reconstructions of Austronesian languages suggest that proto Austronesian expansion from Taiwan and southern China some 6000 years ago led to coastal settlements in the Philippines, northern Borneo, and Sulawesi, with later dispersal to Java and Oceania (Blust 1988). By 3000 years ago, pre Polynesians had carried Lapita-style pottery as far east as Samoa, via island Melanesia (Spriggs 1989).
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Arvin, Maile. "Polynesia Is a Project, Not a Place." In Beyond Ethnicity. University of Hawai'i Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824869885.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the Western idea that Polynesians are an almost white race and the significant ideological work this racial construction does for naturalizing both settler colonialism and white supremacy in Hawaiʻi and the Pacific. The central argument is that Polynesia has been the target of a logic of possession through whiteness, whereby the identification of Polynesians as being in close proximity to whiteness has allowed white settlers to feel entitled to possession of Polynesian lands, culture, and bodies. The chapter analyzes the origin of this logic in the history of social science—particularly examining the complicated position of Te Rangihiroa, a Maori anthropologist who upheld the ideal of Polynesians being properly classified as white. It then turns to a more recent example of the representation of Pacific Islanders as almost white in the 2012 movie Cloud Atlas. The Cloud Atlas analysis considers how anti-blackness, techno-Orientalism and anti-indigeneity converge in the film’s universalist narrative about human transcendence. Overall, the chapter seeks not simply to “correct” false images about Polynesians, but to argue for the hard work of recognizing and challenging settler colonialism and white supremacy especially in the context of ongoing celebrations of Hawaiʻi as a supposedly “race-free” melting pot.
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Bendrups, Dan. "Polynesian Pathways." In Singing and Survival, 107–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190297039.003.0005.

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This chapter considers interactions between the Rapanui and other Polynesians, and the impact of these interactions on Rapanui music. The relationship to Polynesia, especially Tahiti and, more recently, New Zealand and Hawaii, is central to contemporary Rapanui constructions of identity and provides a counterpoint to prevailing cultural influence from Chile. This has been manifested in musical choices, including the adoption and adaptation of particular elements of pan-Pacific performance practice. However, as this chapter reveals, the influence is long-standing, dating back to the 1860s, when the arrival of missionaries, together with their Polynesian assistants, enabled a physical and cultural link to French Polynesia.
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Andrews, Tamra. "M." In Dictionary of Nature Myths, 114–34. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136777.003.0013.

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Abstract The Magellanic Clouds are two small, irregular galaxies visible as hazy patches in the southern sky, near the Milky Way. The Polynesians used them as navigational aids and often as weather indicators, because their position and relationship to one another varied with the seasons and the wind changes. Myths of the Magellanic Clouds were told throughout the Polynesian lands, where the names of these two galaxies varied, though many had connections to mist and vapor. Because the Magellanic Clouds were always visible above the southern horizon at night, the Polynesians apparently considered them important enough to immortalize in their myths.
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"The Polynesians." In Race & History, 488–90. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315828527-47.

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"Acknowledgments." In Possessing Polynesians, ix—xii. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781478005650-001.

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"Introduction: Polynesia Is a Project, Not a Place." In Possessing Polynesians, 1–34. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781478005650-002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polynesians"

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Wittenburg, Kent, Wissam Ali-Ahmad, Daniel LaLiberte, and Tom Lanning. "Polynesian navigation." In CHI98: ACM Conference on Human Factors and Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/286498.286789.

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Mills, Sara. "Green Imperialism in French Polynesia." In Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/2020/all-events/16.

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Boeck, Florin, Karsten Hochkirch, Heikki Hansen, Stuart Norris, and Richard Flay. "Side Force Generation of Slender Hulls – Influencing Polynesian Canoe Performance." In High Performance Yacht Design. RINA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.hpyd.2012.17.

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Vargas, Manuel, Soledad Vargas, Miguel Alfaro, Ginno Millan, Guillermo Fuertes, and Raul Carrasco. "PBL and CDIO for engineering education: A polynesian canoes case study." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXIII Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2018.8609709.

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Gong, Nathan. "Learning in Movement: Cultural Reclamation in a Polynesian After-School Program." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1578641.

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Sheerin, Todd F., and Phillip M. Cunio. "Polynesian Colonization as a Model for Human Expansion into the Solar System." In AIAA SPACE 2016. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5400.

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Waipara, Zak. "Ka mua, ka muri: Navigating the future of design education by drawing upon indigenous frameworks." In Link Symposium 2020 Practice-oriented research in Design. AUT Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/lsa.4.

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We have not yet emerged into a post-COVID world. The future is fluid and unknown. As the Academy morphs under pressure, as design practitioners and educators attempt to respond to the shifting world – in the M?ori language, Te Ao Hurihuri – how might we manage such changes? There is an indigenous precedent of drawing upon the past to assist with present and future states – as the proverb ka mua ka muri indicates, ‘travelling backwards into the future,’ viewing the past spread out behind us, as we move into the unknown. Indigenous academics often draw inspiration from extant traditional viewpoints, reframing them as methodologies, and drawing on metaphor to shape solutions. Some of these frameworks, such as Te Whare Tapa Wh?, developed as a health-based model, have been adapted for educational purposes. Many examples of metaphor drawn from indigenous ways of thinking have also been adapted as design or designrelated methodologies. What is it about the power of metaphor, particularly indigenous ways of seeing, that might offer solutions for both student and teacher? One developing propositional model uses the Pacific voyager as exemplar for the student. Hohl cites Polynesian navigation an inspirational metaphor, where “navigating the vast Pacific Ocean without instruments, only using the sun, moon, stars, swells, clouds and birds as orienting cues to travel vast distances between Polynesian islands.”1 However, in these uncertain times, it becomes just as relevant for the academic staff member. As Reilly notes, using this analogy to situate two cultures working as one: “like two canoes, lashed together to achieve greater stability in the open seas … we must work together to ensure our ship keeps pointing towards calmer waters and to a future that benefits subsequent generations.”2 The goal in formulating this framework has been to extract guiding principles and construct a useful, applicable structure by drawing from research on two existing models based in Samoan and Hawaiian worldviews, synthesised via related M?ori concepts. Just as we expect our students to stretch their imaginations and challenge themselves, we the educators might also find courage in the face of the unknown, drawing strength from indigenous storytelling. Hohl describes the advantages of examining this approach: “People living on islands are highly aware of the limitedness of their resources, the precarious balance of their natural environment and the long wearing negative effects of unsustainable actions … from experience and observing the consequences of actions in a limited and confined environment necessarily lead to a sustainable culture in order for such a society to survive.”3 Calculated risks must be undertaken to navigate this space, as shown in this waka-navigator framework, adapted for potential use in a collaborative, studio-style classroom model. 1 Michael Hohl, “Living in Cybernetics: Polynesian Voyaging and Ecological Literacy as Models for design education, Kybernetes 44, 8/9 (October 2015). https://doi.org/ 10.1108/K-11-2014-0236. 2 Michael P.J Reilly, “A Stranger to the Islands: Voice, Place and the Self in Indigenous Studies” (Inaugural Professorial Lecture, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2009). http://hdl.handle.net/10523/5183 3 Hohl, “Living in Cybernetics”.
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Cablitz, Gaby, Jacquelijn Ringersma, and Marc Kemps-Snijders. "Visualizing endangered indigenous languages of French Polynesia with LEXUS." In 2007 11th International Conference Information Visualization (IV '07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv.2007.134.

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Palmas, Pauline. "Feral Cats Threaten French Polynesian Biodiversity of Inhabited Islands: Effects of Introduced Rodent Assemblage." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09522.

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Korterud, Caroline, and Matthew Becker. "CHARACTERIZING HYDROSTRATIGRAPHY OF A TROPICAL FRINGING REEF, MO'OREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369191.

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Reports on the topic "Polynesians"

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Hemscheidt, Thomas K. The Discovery of New Antimicrotubule Agents from Hawaiian, Polynesian, and Asian Ethnobotanical Sources. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413603.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228465.

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The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis), native to the southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico, has become a major economic threat to the grape and wine industry of California, USA, due to its role as a vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This pest has also spread to Hawaii, Cook Islands, Easter Island and French Polynesia. In California, chemical control measures have led to imidacloprid resistance, necessitating sustainable management options. Classical biological control has been effective, particularly using egg parasitoids from the genus Cosmocomoidea. The most successful species, Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi, has achieved parasitism rates of 80-100% and significantly reduced H. vitripennis populations in California and French Polynesia. Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi offers complementary control, particularly in cooler regions. These parasitoids present promising long-term solutions for managing H. vitripennis populations.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii (Cano). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228446.

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Anthonomus eugenii, or the pepper weevil, is a significant pest of Capsicum spp., causing major yield losses by destroying blossom buds and immature fruits. Native to Mexico, it has spread to Central America, the Caribbean, French Polynesia and Hawaii, USA. The weevil also affects other Solanaceae, including aubergines and some wild Solanum species. Economic impacts are severe, with up to 100% crop loss reported in some areas. In North America, greenhouse outbreaks have occurred, including one in British Columbia (Canada) and another in the Netherlands, both successfully eradicated. There has been no classical biological control implemented against A. eugenii. However, several hymenopteran parasitoids are promising candidates. Catolaccus hunteri, Triaspis eugenii and Urosigalphus sp. are notable for their effectiveness, with T. eugenii showing parasitism rates of 18-40%. Other associated parasitoids in Mexico include Bracon mellitor, Euderus sp. and Eupelmus sp., among others, highlighting potential biological control options for future management strategies.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228451.

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Bactrocera dorsalis, also known as the Oriental fruit fly, is a highly polyphagous invasive pest originating from tropical south east Asia. It has invaded over 50 countries, causing significant economic damage to a wide range of fruit and vegetable crops through oviposition and larval development. The species thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, with potential to spread to warm temperate regions under irrigation or climate change. Classical biological control efforts against B. dorsalis have primarily involved the introduction of parasitic wasps, such as Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. F. arisanus has shown high effectiveness, with significant reductions in B. dorsalis populations in Hawaii, French Polynesia, and parts of Africa, while D. longicaudata has been less successful. F. arisanus is considered the most promising biological control agent due to its high parasitism rates and adaptability, though it has not established in all regions. Other natural enemies, including various hymenopteran parasitoids and the predatory ant Oecophylla longinoda, have shown limited effectiveness and potential ecological drawbacks. Combining F. arisanus with other biological control agents targeting different life stages of B. dorsalis could enhance overall control efforts.
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