Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymorphic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Polymorphic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymorphic"

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G, Nithya, Sudha R, and Charles C. Kanakam. "Polymorphic behavior of an organic compound." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16702.

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Objective: Polymorphic crystals were exhibited in many organic compounds. The frequency changes, relative intensities, band contours, and numberof bands were observed in the spectra of different polymorphism which may be due to molecule-molecule interactions in the crystal unit cells. Theshape of a molecule at its site in the unit cell is distorted by molecular interactions.Methods: The identification of a pure crystal form and to quantify a mixture of two forms infrared and Raman spectra of different crystalline formsof the same organic compound can be used. 2’-chloro-4-methoxy-3-nitro benzil (1) was synthesized and its two polymorphic forms were obtainedby recrystallization from the solvents acetone/chloroform and ethanol. The polymorphism present in the compound was confirmed by single crystalX-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry.Results: The polymorph 1.1 crystallizes as triclinic P-1 space group in the solvent acetone – chloroform and the polymorph 1.2 crystallizes asmonoclinic P21/c space group in the solvent ethanol.Discussion: The intermolecular lattice energy and the interplay of molecular conformation in the crystallization and stability of polymorphs areidentified by X-ray crystal structures of conformational polymorphs.Keywords: Conformational polymorphism, Organic compounds, Single crystal growth, X-ray diffraction.
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Ângelo, Marilene, Jennifer Jacon, Olimpia Maria Santos, Edith Cristina Cazedey, Rudy Bonfilio, Antônio Carlos Doriguetto, and Magali Benjamim de Araújo. "Occurrence of polymorphism in famotidine raw materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314084368.

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Polymorphs are compounds with the same chemical composition, however the molecules are arranged in at least two different ways in the solid state. Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist inhibitor of gastric secretion and widely used in gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. Two polymorphs are described for famotidine, A and B. The polymorph A is the most thermodynamically stable form and polymorph B is the kinetically favored form being marketed because it presents greater pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of famotidine polymorphs in five raw materials acquired from different suppliers. The reference standard (USP) was also analyzed. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectrophotometry (IR-ATR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PXRD analysis enables us to identify form B in five raw material samples and in the reference standard (USP). However, one of the raw materials additionally shows the presence of polymorphic form A. The DSC and IR-ATR techniques were essential to identify the polymorphic forms of famotidine confirming the results obtained by PXRD. Since the presence of polymorphs can compromise the effectiveness and safety of medicines and there is no official methodology of analysis and control of polymorphism in famotidine raw materials, the polymorphic contamination found in this study are being further analyzed and their physicochemical properties are being evaluated.
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So, Hee-Soo, and Shinya Matsumoto. "Three differently coloured polymorphs of 3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dipropyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 75, no. 3 (May 23, 2019): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520619004773.

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In this paper, the conformational polymorphism of a chlorinated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dye having flexible substituents in a non-hydrogen-bonding system is reported. The propyl-substituted DPP derivative (PR3C) has three polymorphic forms, each showing a different colour (red, orange and yellow). All polymorphs could be obtained concomitantly under various crystallization conditions. The results of the crystal structure analysis indicate that PR3C adopts different conformations in each polymorph. The packing effect caused by the difference in the arrangement of neighbouring molecules was found to play an important role in the occurrence of the observed polymorphism. The thermodynamic stability relationship between the three polymorphs was identified by thermal analysis and indicates that the yellow polymorph is the thermally stable form. The results indicate that the yellow form and orange form are enantiotropically related, and the other polymorph is monotropically related to the others.
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Akune, Yoko, Risa Hirosawa, Atsushi Koseki, and Shinya Matsumoto. "Role of halogen substituents in a series of polymorphic 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine derivatives with highly flexible groups." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 232, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2016-2007.

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AbstractThe crystal structures of the ortho-X-benzyl derivatives, where X=F, Cl, Br, I, and Me, of 2,5-bis(N,N-dibenzylamino)-3,6-dicyanopyrazine dyes (C34H24N6X4) were analysed to evaluate the effect of a systematic series of structures on the occurrence of polymorphism. Detailed crystal structure analysis indicated that the thermally stable forms of the polymorphic derivatives (Cl and Br derivatives) were close-packed, whereas those of the non-polymorphic derivatives (F and I derivatives) were stabilised by an intermolecular interaction involving the ortho-substituents. In the thermally metastable forms of the polymorphic derivative, halogen-halogen and halogen-nitrogen interactions contributed to the stabilisation of these crystals in the same way as the thermally stable form of the non-polymorphic derivatives. This indicated that the ease of polymorph occurrence would require an appropriate balance between the crystal energy of the close-packed structure and that of the crystal structure generated mainly by the electrostatic interactions involving the halogens in these halogenated pyrazine derivatives. In addition, the similar tendency of the occurrence of polymorphs in these halogenated pyrazine derivatives was found in 19 sets of halogenated compounds having known crystal structures of F, Cl, Br and I derivatives including at least one polymorphic derivative in the crystal structure database.
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Wantha, Lek. "Kinetics of the Solution-Mediated Polymorphic Transformation of Organic Compounds." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 21 (October 15, 2018): 2383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180601093228.

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Polymorphism is a behavior of a substance to crystallize into more than one district crystal structures. Preferential formation of a polymorph depends strongly on the kinetics of the relevant mechanisms. Solutionmediated polymorphic transformation is an important mechanism in crystallization of organic compounds from solution. Knowing its kinetics allows us to understand the process and control the polymorphic formation. In this review, concepts, kinetics, and process modeling of crystallization and solution-mediated polymorphic transformation are examined and summarized.
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Hsu, Cheng-Hung, Wen-Ting Ke, and Shan-Yang Lin. "Progressive Steps of Polymorphic Transformation of Gabapentin Polymorphs Studied by Hot-stage FTIR Microspectroscopy." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3fs32.

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the progressive processes of polymorphic transformation of different gabapentin (GBP) polymorphs by using hot-stage Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Methods. Four polymorphs of GBP were previously prepared and then identified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, FTIR microspectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. A novel hot-stage FTIR microspectroscopic technique was used to investigate the progressive steps of polymorphic transformation of each GBP polymorph sealed within two pieces of KBr plates. Results. Four polymorphs (Forms I, II, III and IV) of GBP were well characterized. The GBP form I was proven to be a monohydrate, but other GBP forms II-IV were anhydrous. Different thermal-induced progressive processes and steps of polymorphic interconversion of GBP polymorphs were clearly found from the changes in the three-dimensional IR spectral contour and peak intensity by using hot-stage FTIR microspectroscopy. The results also indicate that GBP form I was dehydrated and transformed to form III, and then converted to form IV; whereas GBP forms II and III directly transformed to form IV during heating. The GBP form IV was the last polymorph before the intramolecular lactamization of GBP. Conclusion. A one-step novel hot-stage FTIR microspectroscopy was successfully applied to simultaneously and continuously investigate the progressive processes and steps of thermal-induced polymorphic interconversion of GBP polymorph in the solid state.
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Goossens, D. J., and E. J. Chan. "Synchrotron X-ray diffuse scattering from a stable polymorphic material: terephthalic acid, C8H6O4." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 73, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520616018801.

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Terephthalic acid (TPA, C8H6O4) is an industrially important chemical, one that shows polymorphism and disorder. Three polymorphs are known, two triclinic [(I) and (II)] and one monoclinic (III). Of the two triclinic polymorphs, (II) has been shown to be more stable in ambient conditions. This paper presents models of the local order of polymorphs (I) and (II), and compares the single-crystal diffuse scattering (SCDS) computed from the models with that observed from real crystals. TPA shows relatively weak and less-structured diffuse scattering than some other polymorphic materials, but it does appear that the SCDS is less well modelled by a purely harmonic model in polymorph (I) than in polymorph (II), according to the idea that the diffuse scattering is sensitive to anharmonicity that presages a structural phase transition. The work here verifies that displacive correlations are strong along the molecular chains and weak laterally, and that it is not necessary to allow the —COOH groups to librate to successfully model the diffuse scattering – keeping in mind that the data are from X-ray diffraction and not directly sensitive to H atoms.
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Kuzmin, V. S., V. V. Chernyshev, and A. I. Luttseva. "X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION IN QUALITY CONTROL OF MEDICINES." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 8, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2018-8-3-158-161.

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X-ray powder diffraction is one of the methods used for detection and analysis of polymorphic forms of pharmaceutical substances. The article elucidates the concept of polymorphism, briefly explains physical characteristics of this phenomenon, conditions of polymorphic transformations and the prevalence of polymorphic forms among drug substances. It should be noted that polymorphism is observed in drug substances belonging to different pharmacologic classes. Polymorphic forms of the same drug substance have different solubility, melting point, resistance to oxidation and to other destructive processes, and, consequently, different surface properties which affect both the rate of absorption of the drug substances and their stability as components of dosage forms. This calls for the need to control the quality of drug substances for potential presence of polymorphic forms. The use of diffraction methods for examination of cryomodified forms of various biologically active compounds obtained by evaporation and subsequent precipitation at low temperatures resulted in obtaining polycrystalline substances with new properties. The article provides results of examination of crystalline modifications of phenazepam in the form of α- and β-polymorphs, tilorone, fabomotizole, zolendronic acid and dehydroepiandrosterone. It was demonstrated that the use of X-ray diffraction analysis for examination and quality control of polymorphic forms of drugs is a necessary component of identification testing.
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Wójcik, Grażyna, and Izabela Mossakowska. "Polymorphs of p-nitrophenol as studied by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction and calorimetry: comparison with m-nitrophenol." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 1 (January 17, 2006): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876810503418x.

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Crystal structures of two polymorphic forms of p-nitrophenol have been determined at several temperatures between 120 and 375 K. The thermal expansion tensor has been determined for both polymorphs. The rigid-body mean-square amplitudes of molecular translations and librations and the amplitudes of the internal torsions of the nitro group have been calculated at different temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to find the temperature and enthalpy of the polymorphic transformation. The results were compared with those recently obtained for m-nitrophenol polymorphs. Some conclusions concerning the polymorphism of p- and m-nitrophenols are presented.
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Wardhana, Yoga Windhu, Risanteni Riskasari, and Fikri Alatas. "Phase Transitions Among of Valsartan Polymorphs due to Grinding and Humidity Variations." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics 3, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i2.35312.

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Phase transition between drugs with polymorphisms needs attention due to unconscious changes in quality. Valsartan (VAL) is a drug model with polymorphic events to be studied here. Two polymorphic forms were obtained from recrystallization with various organic solvents such as acetonitrile and n-butyl acetate. With untreated materials (from the market) were used as a comparison in this study. The phase transition of each polymorph was studied through grinding and humidity variations (RH 75% and 98%) treatment. The polymorph characterization was observed by microscope light polarization (PLM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Powdered X-ray Diffractometer (PXRD). The transition among polymorphic VAL was monitored by PXRD. There were significant differences in morphology, IR spectra, and diffractograms pattern. Found that the untreated VAL was amorphous, whereas the others were in high crystallinity. The polymorph form from n-butyl acetate was a metastable one that transformed easier into stable crystalline (from acetonitrile) than another polymorph.Keywords : Valsartan, Phase transition, Polymorphism, Recrystallization
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymorphic"

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Alvin, Yeoh Chong Yeow. "Nucleation of polymorphic forms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498979.

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In this PhD project, the solvent effects on polymorphism were studied. This was done using an enantiotropic compound. By working at the transition temperature of the compound, it allowed for the separation of supersaturation effects from that of the solvent. p-Aminobenzoic acid was chosen as the model compound. p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is an enantiotropic compound with a transitior temperature of 24°C. It has two polymorphs, a needle shaped α-form which is stable above the transition temperature and a prismatic shaped β-form stable below the transition temperature.
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Wansbrough, Keith Stuart. "Simple polymorphic usage analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619586.

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Yang, Jun. "Improving polymorphic type explanations." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/509.

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Towler, Christopher. "Nucleation in polymorphic systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520283.

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Mathieson, John T. J. "Towards Polymorphic Systems Engineering." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28257912.

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Systems engineering is widely regarded as a full life cycle discipline and provides methodologies and processes to support the design, development, verification, sustainment, and disposal of systems. While this cradle-to-grave concept is well documented throughout literature, there has been recent and ever-increasing emphasis on evolving and digitally transforming systems engineering methodologies, practices, and tools to a model-based discipline, not only for advancing system development, but perhaps more importantly for extending agility and adaptability through the later stages of system life cycles – through system operations and sustainment. This research adopts principles from the software engineering domain DevOps concept (a collaborative merger of system development and system operations) into a Systems Engineering DevOps Lemniscate life cycle model. This progression on traditional life cycle models lays a foundation for the continuum of model-based systems engineering artifacts during the life of a system and promotes the coexistence and symbiosis of variants throughout. This is done by facilitating a merger of model-based systems engineering processes, tools, and products into a surrogate and common modeling environment in which the operations and sustainment of a system is tied closely to the curation of a descriptive system model. This model-based approach using descriptive system models, traditionally leveraged for system development, is now expanded to include the operational support elements necessary to operate and sustain the system (i.e. executable procedures, command scripts, maintenance manuals, etc. modeled as part of the core system). This evolution on traditional systems engineering implementation, focused on digitally transforming and enhancing system operations and sustainment, capitalizes on the ability of model-based systems engineering to embrace change to improve agility in the later life cycle stages and emphasizes the existence of polymorphic systems engineering (performing a variety of systems engineering roles in simultaneously occurring life cycle stages to increase system agility). A model-based framework for applying the Systems Engineering DevOps life cycle model is introduced as a new Systems Modeling Language profile. A use-case leveraging this “Model-Based System Operations” framework demonstrates how merging operational support elements into a spacecraft system model improves adaptability of support elements in response to faults, failures, and evolving environments during system operations, exemplifying elements of a DevOps approach to cyber-physical system sustainment.
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Strege, Christine. "On (pseudo- ) polymorphic phase transformations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974120006.

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Dharmayat, Spoorthi. "Polymorphic transformation of pharmaceutical compounds." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507688.

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Pantazis, Dimitrios A. "Electronic structure of polymorphic complexes." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440979.

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MacSweeney, Siobhan. "An examination of the polymorphic and pseudo-polymorphic behaviour of fluconazole in relation to processing conditions." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1253.

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Schonhoft, Joseph. "Biochemical and Biophysical Study of the Polymorphic G-Quadruplexes Formed by the Insulin Linked Polymorphic Region." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1248116483.

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Books on the topic "Polymorphic"

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Driesen, Karel. Efficient Polymorphic Calls. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1681-1.

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Driesen, Karel. Efficient polymorphic calls. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Driesen, Karel. Efficient Polymorphic Calls. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.

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Roychoudhury, Arun K. Human polymorphic genes: World distribution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Henglein, Fritz. Polymorphic type inference and semi-unification. New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 1989.

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Tofte, Mads. Operational semantics and polymorphic type inference. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Dept. of Computer Science, 1988.

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Manickam, V. S. Polymorphic ferns of the Western Ghats, South India. Dehra Dun, India: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 1999.

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Westwood, Margaret Clare. A study on the polymorphic forms of cimetidine. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1998.

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Hilton, Anthony Craig. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of salmonella & campylobacter. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1996.

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Hense, Andreas V. Polymorphic type inference for object-oriented programming languages. Saarbrücken-Dudweiler: Pirrot, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymorphic"

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Neelabh and Akash Gautam. "Polymorphic." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_524-1.

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Neelabh and Akash Gautam. "Polymorphic." In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 5444–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_524.

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Casagrande, Alberto, Joanna Jarmolowska, Marcello Turconi, Francesco Fabris, and Piero Paolo Battaglini. "PolyMorph: A P300 Polymorphic Speller." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02753-1_30.

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Driesen, Karel. "Polymorphic Calls." In Efficient Polymorphic Calls, 7–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1681-1_2.

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Belo, João Filipe, Michael Greenberg, Atsushi Igarashi, and Benjamin C. Pierce. "Polymorphic Contracts." In Programming Languages and Systems, 18–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19718-5_2.

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Sestoft, Peter. "Polymorphic Types." In Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science, 97–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60789-4_6.

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Sestoft, Peter. "Polymorphic Types." In Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science, 93–113. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4156-3_6.

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Stoica, Adrian, Ricardo Zebulum, and Didier Keymeulen. "Polymorphic Electronics." In Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, 291–302. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45443-8_26.

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Tadros, Tharwat. "Polymorphic Changes." In Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 996–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20665-8_135.

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Topaloglu, U., and C. Bayrak. "Polymorphic Compression." In Computer and Information Sciences - ISCIS 2005, 759–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11569596_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymorphic"

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Becker, Byron Weber, Richard Rasala, Joseph Bergin, Christine Shannon, and Eugene Wallingford. "Polymorphic panelists." In the thirty-second SIGCSE technical symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/364447.364795.

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Kuzmanov, Georgi. "Polymorphic architectures." In the International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1731740.1731745.

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Stolfo, Salvatore J. "Polymorphic shellcode." In the 5th Annual Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1558607.1558615.

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Weiher, Marcel, and Robert Hirschfeld. "Polymorphic identifiers." In the 9th symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2508168.2508169.

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Rostami, Mohammad, Jeremy Gummeson, Ali Kiaghadi, and Deepak Ganesan. "Polymorphic radios." In SIGCOMM '18: ACM SIGCOMM 2018 Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230543.3230571.

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Taylor, Andrea, Zoltan Foley-Fisher, and Carol Strohecker. "Polymorphic letters." In CHI '05 extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1056808.1057032.

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Lerner, Sorin, Stephen R. Foster, and William G. Griswold. "Polymorphic Blocks." In CHI '15: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702302.

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Ancona, Davide, Ferruccio Damiani, Sophia Drossopoulou, and Elena Zucca. "Polymorphic bytecode." In the 32nd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT sysposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1040305.1040308.

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Herrera, Maria Lidia, Karina Dafne Martinez, Maria Ramos, Roberto Candal, Victor Alonso Garcia Londoño, and Virginia Borroni. "Effects of processing conditions and emulsifiers addition of crystallization kinetics and polymorphism of cupuassu fat and its fractions." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/dcui3885.

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A- A+ The effects of processing conditions and addition of the sucrose esters S-170 and P-170 on crystallization kinetics and polymorphism of cupuassu fat and its fractions obtained at 29, 26, and 24 °C were study by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and in situ small-angle (SAXS) and wide angle (WAXS) X-ray scattering using synchrotron light. Polymorphic transitions were followed in real time tempering samples with a thermal cycle or crystallizing them isothermally at different cooling rates. Cupuassu fat and stearin fractions obtained at 26 and 24°C crystallized under the beta’2-form in the conditions selected. beta2-form was obtained after storage at 25 °C for 3 months. Stearin fraction obtained at 29 °C (S-29) had a complex polymorphic behavior. There was a polymorphic transition from α to β’1-form but no transition between β’-forms was observed. They were independent to each other showing fractionation in two different solid solutions. β1-form crystallized after storage forming crystals with a double-layer arrangement and a characteristic morphology. Addition of sucrose esters S-170 and P-170 allow overcoming these drawbacks since they modified polymorphic behavior, allowing crystallizing S-29 in only one β’-form, and also increased S-29’s β2 tendency during storage, improving its suitability for applications in chocolate and coatings
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Chan, Vivian, V. W. S. Liu, A. C. K. Wong, and T. K. Chan. "DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN OR LINKED TO THE FACTOR VIII GENE IN CHINESE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644049.

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78 unrelated X chromosomes from Southern Chinese (56 normal and 22 haemophiliac) were studied. DNA was restricted by Bel I, Bgl I or Taq I and hybridized to 3' factor VIII:C cDNA probe (5 kb, Chiron) or St 14.1 probe(3 kb, Oberle &Mandel) by standard techniques. The intragenic Bel I polymorphic site was positive in 82%, while Bgl I polymorphic site was positive in all. Thus, 29.5%(2 x×0.82 × 0.18) of Chinese females carried the Bel I polymorphism. Asto the Taq I polymorphism in the closely linked DXS52 DNA segment, the incidences for the various alleles were :System I - allele (3) 10.2%, (4) 2.6%, (5) 2.6%,(6) 17.9%, (7) 21.8% and (8) 44.9% System II - α a allele 56%, 6 allele 44%. Approximately 80% of females were heterozygous for two different alleles. Hence the Bel I and Taq I polymorphisms can be used to track the defective factor VIII gene for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Furthermore, their frequencies in the Chinese are different from those previously reported in other ethnic groups.
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Reports on the topic "Polymorphic"

1

Beckman, Nels E., and Jonathan Aldrich. Polymorphic Access Permissions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada522510.

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2

Parker, G., D. Anex, M. Leppert, L. Baird, N. Matsunami, and T. Leppert. Polymorphic Peptide Hair Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1130556.

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3

Harper, Robert, and Mark Lillibridge. Polymorphic Type Assignment and CPS Conversion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250954.

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4

O'Toole, James W., and David K. Gifford. Type Reconstruction with First-Class Polymorphic Values. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210833.

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5

Harper, Robert. A Simplified Account of Polymorphic References. Revised. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269182.

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6

Weissman, Clark, Brant Hashii, and Jerry Cole. Security/Trust as a Polymorphic Computing Constraint. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423822.

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7

Pederson, Carl M., and Jr. Uniform Representation of Data Types in Polymorphic C. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada302104.

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8

Sethumadhavan, Simha, Salvatore Stolfo, Angelos D. Keromytis, Junfeng Yang, and David August. SPARCHS: Symbiotic, Polymorphic, Automatic, Resilient, Clean-Slate, Host Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1005647.

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9

Dolph, K. Leroy. Polymorphic site index curves for red fir in California and southern Oregon. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-206.

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10

Paunesku, T., M. A. Gemmell, R. Crkvenjakov, and G. E. Woloschak. Identification of a polymorphic site as a mutational site in exon VI of the mouse p53 gene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186830.

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