Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymers in medicine – Testing

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymers in medicine – Testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Salim, Mohammad, Riyanto Teguh Widodo, and Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin. "Proof-of-Concept of Detection of Counterfeit Medicine through Polymeric Materials Analysis of Plastics Packaging." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132185.

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The detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is always a major challenge, but the early detection of counterfeit medicine in a country will reduce the fatal risk among consumers. Technically, fast laboratory testing is vital to develop an effective surveillance and monitoring system of counterfeit medicines. This study proposed the combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the quick detection of counterfeit medicines, through the polymer analysis of blister packaging materials. A sample set containing three sets of original and counterfeit medicine was analyzed using ATR-FTIR and DSC, while the spectra from ATR-FTIR were employed as a fingerprint for the polymer characterization. Intending to analyze the polymeric material of each sample, DSC was set at a heating rate of 10 °C min−l and within a temperature range of 0- 400 °C, with nitrogen as a purge gas at a flow rate of 20 ml min−an. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed the chemical characteristics of the plastic packaging of fake and original medicines. Further analysis of the counterfeit medicine’s packaging with DSC exhibited a distinct difference from the original due to the composition of polymers in the packaging material used. Overall, this study confirmed that the rapid analysis of polymeric materials through ATR-FTIR and comparing DSC thermograms of the plastic in their packaging effectively distinguished counterfeit drug products.
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Kejlová, K., J. Labský, D. Jírová, and H. Bendová. "Hydrophilic polymers—biocompatibility testing in vitro." Toxicology in Vitro 19, no. 7 (October 2005): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.032.

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Panin, Sergey V., Jiangkun Luo, Dmitry G. Buslovich, Vladislav O. Alexenko, Lyudmila A. Kornienko, Anton V. Byakov, Vitaly N. Paimushin, and Artur R. Shugurov. "Role of Testing Conditions in Formation of Tribological Layers at Line Contacts of Antifriction CF-Reinforced PI- and PEI-Based Composites." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 6376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196376.

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High-strength PI and PEI polymers differ by chemical structure and flexibility of the polymer chains that ensure lower cost and higher manufacturability of the latter. The choice of a particular polymer matrix is of actuality at design of antifriction composites on their basis. In this study, a comparative analysis of tribological behavior of PI and PEI- based composites was carried out with linear contact rubbing. The neat materials, as well as the two- and three-component composites reinforced with chopped carbon fibers, were investigated. The third components were typically used, but were different in nature (polymeric and crystalline) being solid lubricant fillers (PTFE, graphite and MoS2) with characteristic dimensions of several microns. The variable parameters were both load and sliding speed, as well as the counterface material. It was shown that an improvement of the tribological properties could be achieved by the tribological layer formation, which protected their wear track surfaces from the cutting and plowing effects of asperities on the surfaces of the metal and ceramic counterparts. The tribological layers were not formed in both neat polymers, while disperse hardening by fractured CF was responsible for the tribological layer formation in both two- and three component PI- and PEI-based composites. The effect of polymer matrix in tribological behavior was mostly evident in two-component composites (PI/CF, PEI/CF) over the entire P⋅V product range, while extra loading with Gr and MoS2 leveled the regularities of tribological layer formation, as well as the time variation in friction coefficients.
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Kreß, Sebastian, Roland Schaller-Ammann, Jürgen Feiel, Joachim Priedl, Cornelia Kasper, and Dominik Egger. "3D Printing of Cell Culture Devices: Assessment and Prevention of the Cytotoxicity of Photopolymers for Stereolithography." Materials 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13133011.

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3D printing is increasingly important for the rapid prototyping of advanced and tailor-made cell culture devices. In this context, stereolithography represents a method for the rapid generation of prototypes from photocurable polymers. However, the biocompatibility of commercially available photopolymers is largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of six polymers, two of them certified as biocompatible according to ISO 10993-5:2009, and we evaluated, if coating with Parylene, an inert polymer widely used in medical applications, might shield cells from the cytotoxic effects of a toxic polymer. In addition, we evaluated the processability, reliability, and consistency of the details printed. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used for cytotoxicity testing as they are widely used and promising for numerous applications in regenerative medicine. MSCs were incubated together with printed photopolymers, and the cytotoxicity was assessed. All photopolymers significantly reduced the viability of MSCs while the officially biocompatible resins displayed minor toxic effects. Further, coating with Parylene completely protected MSCs from toxic effects. In conclusion, none of the tested polymers can be fully recommended for rapid prototyping of cell culture devices. However, coating with Parylene can shield cells from toxic effects and thus might represent a viable option until more compatible materials are available.
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TIMOSHIN, Anton, Nikolay MITIN, Alexander OLEYNIKOV, Maria TIMOSHINA, and Evgeniya MITINA. "CLINICAL AND LABORATORY TESTING OF A NEW MODIFICATION OF TWO-LAYER "SILEP" DENTURES USED IN PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 28, no. 28 (June 20, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v28.n28.2020.08_timoshin_pgs_53_62.pdf.

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Dentistry is a part of medicine, where various polymer materials were used for the first time. Many factors forced researchers to find more stable, versatile, and hygienic materials for the manufacture of dental products. It is important to note that the search for the ideal polymer dental material is still ongoing. This is because modern polymers, in some cases, do not meet the specified requirements for chemical, physical, strength, and elastic properties. Based on the data on the method of creating and using silicone material for the base of the removable prosthesis "Gossil", an improved silicone material for two-layer dentures "Silep" was developed, as well as a special primer for better connection of the lining with the rigid acrylic base of the prosthesis. To evaluate the most suitable compound, materials were tested for several parameters, such as tensile strength, elongation, and shore hardness. In addition to selecting a suitable material for modification, the selection and testing of an adhesive that allows the chemical bonding of the acrylate surface to the siloxane surface were carried out.
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Timoshin, Anton, Nikolay Mitin, Alexander Oleynikov, Maria Timoshina, and Evgeniya Mitina. "Clinical and Laboratory Testing of a New Modification of Two-Layer "Silep" Dentures Used in Prosthetic Dentistry." Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry 28, no. 28 (June 20, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37633/sbjc.28(28)2020.53-62.

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Dentistry is a part of medicine, where various polymer materials were used for the first time. Many factors forced researchers to find more stable, versatile, and hygienic materials for the manufacture of dental products. It is important to note that the search for the ideal polymer dental material is still ongoing. This is because modern polymers, in some cases, do not meet the specified requirements for chemical, physical, strength, and elastic properties. Based on the data on the method of creating and using silicone material for the base of the removable prosthesis "Gossil", an improved silicone material for two-layer dentures "Silep" was developed, as well as a special primer for better connection of the lining with the rigid acrylic base of the prosthesis. To evaluate the most suitable compound, materials were tested for several parameters, such as tensile strength, elongation, and shore hardness. In addition to selecting a suitable material for modification, the selection and testing of an adhesive that allows the chemical bonding of the acrylate surface to the siloxane surface were carried out
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J. Mohmmed, Mohmmed, Khalid M. Owaid, and Raouf M. Raouf. "Studies on the Microstructure of Epoxy-Cement Mortar." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17979ecst.

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Introduction of polymers into the cement composites improves same of the properties of concretes and mortars. Therefore, the polymer-cement composites are successfully used in construction. The model of microstructure formation in cement composites modified with thermoplastic polymer (pre-mix modifiers) has already been developed and successfully implemented. However, the formation of microstructure in the case of epoxy-cement composites (containing post-mix modifier) demonstrates same peculiarities which should be taken into account when modelling the process. The microstructure of epoxy-cement composites and its formation is discussed in the paper. The model is offered, formulated on the basis of the microscopic observations and results of testing.
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Smutz, W. P., A. U. Daniels, K. P. Andriano, E. P. France, and J. Heller. "Mechanical test methodology for environmental exposure testing of biodegradable polymers." Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2, no. 1 (December 1991): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770020103.

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Bujanić, Božo, and Matija Košak. "Testing the Force Absorption of Composite Materials to Select the Best for Making a Helmet." Tehnički glasnik 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210513090824.

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The paper presents and describes the procedure of testing the materials that were available for the production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The procedure was carried out at the company Šestan-Busch d.o.o. as part of the EU project for the development and production of a multifunctional protective helmet. The test results showed that carbon fibers polymers as a composite material have the best impact absorption properties which was a key criterion for material selection. Other materials; glass fibers polymers, aramid fibers polymers and combinations in the test procedure showed worse results compared to the selected criterion.
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Kohan, Miroslav, Samuel Lancoš, Marek Schnitzer, Jozef Živčák, and Radovan Hudák. "Analysis of PLA/PHB Biopolymer Material with Admixture of Hydroxyapatite and Tricalcium Phosphate for Clinical Use." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 5357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245357.

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One trend in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the development of degradable composite polymers. The aim of this study was the comprehensive analysis of Polylactic acid (PLA) / Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) + Hydroxyapatite (HA)/ Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) material from filament production to mechanical testing of samples with different infills and the production of an implant replacement for an intervertebral disc. Filament Maker – Composer 450 (3devo; Netherlands) was used to produce filaments. Experimental samples and the implant for the intervertebral disc were made using FDM technology using a DeltiQ2 3D printer (Trilab, Czech Republic). Mechanical testing of experimental samples was performed on an Inspekt TABLE 5 kN (Hegewald & Peschke, Nossen, Germany). Microscopic analysis, cytotoxicity test, and filament diameter analysis using descriptive statistics were also part of the focus. The results of the analysis of the diameter of the filament show that the filament meets the prescribed standard. The cytotoxicity test for PLA/PHB + HA/TCP material showed no toxicity. Microscopic analysis showed an even distribution of the ceramic component in the composite polymer. Mechanical testing showed a reduction in mechanical properties with 75% and 50% of the filling of experimental samples. All experimental samples subjected to mechanical testing showed higher tensile and compressive strength values compared to the values of the mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bones, as reported in the literature. It can therefore be concluded that the material under investigation, PLA/PHB + HA/TCP appears to be a suitable candidate for hard tissue replacement.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Lu, Yuebin. "Deep penetration microindentation testing of polymers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/NQ58147.pdf.

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Mohammad, Muhanad Hassan. "Biodegradable polycaprolactone polymers for regenerative medicine." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413097.

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Yu, Jiayi. "Tunable Biodegradable Polymers for Regenerative Medicine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1524821159786707.

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Klimchuk, Keith Adrian. "Synthesis, characterization, and testing of acrylamide-based polymers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ34492.pdf.

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C̆yz̆iūtė, Brigita Abakevic̆ienė. "Processes of deposition and testing of mechanical properties of polymers and metal coated polymers." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Abakeviciene-Cyziute-Brigita/2008-Abakeviciene-Cyziute-Brigita-These.pdf.

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The Ph. D. Work objective was the measurements of the mechanical properties of polymer foils and metal coated polymers, in connection with their microstructures. Two similar micro-tensile deformation devices were developed, which differ by their original non-contact deformation measurement techniques that are electronic speckle pattern interferometry and optical mark-tracking, at the Universities of Kaunas and Poitiers, respectively. The elongation range of both equipments allows for the investigation of elastic and plastic properties of polymer foils, coated polymer foils with thin metallic films. The substrates were either Kapton® HN or PET foils that were coated by electron beam evaporation with Al, Ag, Cr and Ni 0. 5 thick thin films on both sides. The Young’s moduli of the metallic thin films (Ef) were deduced from the stress-strain curves of the substrates and of the metallic/substrate composites. For Al and Ag, the deduced Ef values are in good agreement with those of bulk materials (Eb), while the Ef values for Ni and Cr are found drastically smaller than those of Eb. It was however observed that the Al and Ag metallic layers were uniform, whereas Ni and Cr films were far less regular and exhibit cracks. The microstructures and metal/polymer interfaces were essentially studied on the Ag/PET system. The influence of metal coverage on interface composition, structure, morphology and particle size has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the role of deposition temperature over the temperature range 20°C-140°C, i. E. Below and above Tg (Tg = 80°C is the PET glass transition temperature), was also examined to understand how microstructure, residual stress, chemical composition and morphology of the Ag/PET layer structure is affected. It was observed that Ag 1 μm thick films evaporated at different temperatures show a compressive stress state with either a (111) texture component below Tg or a random grain orientation above Tg. The texture is formed at the very early stage of growth, at a thickness of nearly 20 nm where the Ag film is still discontinuous. Within the investigated temperature range, the Ag grain size does not depend on the deposition temperature and the deposited films are mostly composed of pure Ag with partially oxidized surface
Le but de ce travail de thèse était de caractériser, en relation avec leurs microstructures, les propriétés mécaniques de films polymères seuls ou revêtus de films minces de matériaux métalliques. Pour cela, deux micromachines de déformation très similaires ont été développées à l'Université de Kaunas et de Poitiers, qui se différencient par leur technique de mesure de déformation sans contact avec l'échantillon, à savoir respectivement la technique par interférométrie de granularité laser et celle de suivi de marqueurs par corrélation d'images. Les élongations permises par les deux équipements autorisent l'étude de la déformation à la fois élastique et plastique des films polymères et polymères revêtus de films minces métalliques. Les substrats ont été des films de Kapton® HN ou de PET revêtus par évaporation par canon à électrons sur chaque face de films minces de Al, Ag, Cr et Ni de 0. 5 μm d'épaisseur. Les modules d'Young (Ef) des couches métalliques ont été déduits des courbes contrainte-déformation des films polymères seuls et revêtus. Pour les films d'Al et Ag, les valeurs de Ef calculées sont en bon accord avec celles couramment rapportées dans la littérature pour les matériaux massifs (Eb), tandis que pour Ni et Cr les valeurs de Ef sont nettement plus faibles que celles de Eb. Il a été corrélativement observé que les couches d'Al et d'Ag étaient uniformes, tandis que celles de Ni et Cr étaient nettement plus irrégulières et présentaient des fissures. Les microstructures et les interfaces métal/polymère ont été principalement étudiées pour le système Ag/PET. L'influence de la couverture métallique sur la composition de l'interface, sa structure, sa morphologie et la taille des particules a été étudiée par XPS, AFM et XRD. De plus, le rôle de la température de dépôt a été étudié sur une plage allant de 20°C à 140°C, c'est-à-dire en dessous et au-dessus de la température de transition vitreuse, Tg = 80°C pour le PET, afin de comprendre mieux comment la microstructure, les contraintes internes, la composition chimique et la morphologie du système Ag/PET peuvent être influencées. Les films d'Ag de 1μm d'épaisseur évaporés à différentes températures sont en compression, texturés (111) au dessous de Tg et non texturés au dessus. La texturation existe dès le début de la croissance du film, à une épaisseur de 20 nm lorsque le film est encore discontinu. Sur la plage de température étudiée, la taille des grains d'Ag ne dépend pas de la température de déposition et les films déposés sont majoritairement composés d'Ag pur avec une oxydation partielle de surface
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Shah, Shuhrat. "Testing for disease inheritance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386800.

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Govender, Ramona. "Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing at Groote Schuur Hospital: Adherence to indications for testing." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33700.

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Appropriate use of laboratory investigations is increasingly important in resource-constrained environments. We receive the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing practices in a tertiary hospital in South Africa.
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Clarke, C. G. "The sliding wear of polymers against steel." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22007.

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Bibliography: pages 89-93.
A laboratory wear testing facility has been developed to generate wear rate data for polymeric materials sliding at constant velocity against a hardened stainless steel base. The polymers investigated were ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene-with a friction reducing additive (UHMWPE/FILL), polyoxymethylene (POM), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETP), molybdenum disulphide filled polyamide 6 (PA6/MoS₂) and graphite filled poly(amide-imide) (P(A-I)/GR). Testing was carried out as a function of sliding velocity between 0.13 to 2.27 ms⁻¹, loads of 1, 3 and 5 MP a and counterface roughnesses which varied from 1 micrometre to 0.25 micrometres. An increase in the counterface roughness resulted in a variable increase in the wear rate of the individual polymers except for the filled UHMWPE. These changes in the wear rate have been explained in terms of the mechanism of material removal. A progressive increase in sliding velocity has been shown to result in an initial increase in the wear rate followed by a decrease and finally a rapid increase for all materials under the majority of applied conditions. Explanations for such behaviour have been advanced in terms of the viscoelastic response of the polymers to strain rate and temperature. Low modulus materials however showed a significant drop in wear rate under low loads above a critical velocity which is believed to be due to a transition from boundary to partial el astohydrodynamic lubrication. Generally an increase in load gave an increase in wear rate for all polymers except for UHMWPE and filled UHMWPE at a counterface roughness of 1 micrometre. These conditions have been discussed with reference to the materials response to thermal effects and counterface interactions.
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Marnock, Patrick J. (Patrick Joseph). "Development of a Simplified Fracture Toughness Tool for Polymers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278473/.

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This thesis presents research toward the development of a simple inexpensive fracture toughness tool for polymeric materials. Experiments were conducted to test the specimen configuration and the fracture toughness tool against an established ASTM standard for polymer fracture toughness, D5045, and a commonly used four-point bend method. The materials used in this study were polycarbonate and high density polyethylene. Reductions in both the production time and the variability resulting from the preparation of the specimens were addressed through the use of specially designed fixtures. The effects from the razor cut depths used in the chevron notch were compared to the fracture toughness values obtained in order to determine the effect upon the validity of the fracture toughness.
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Cetin, Mustafa Ilker. "Effect Of Solid Couplants Made Of Hydrophilic Polymers In Ultrasonic Testing." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/1223106/index.pdf.

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This thesis investigates the effect of hydrophilic polymers as novel solid couplants in ultrasonic inspection. These polymers can absorb large quantities of water, thus become soft and flexible, and also adapt themselves very well to applications. In this study, experiments were carried out by preparing three different types of polymer membranes namely [Poly(HEMA), Poly(HEMA-co-GMA), Poly(HEMA-NN&
#8242
-dH2O)] with different thicknesses and monomer contents. Swelling ratios were determined in deionized water using 9mm diameter samples, cut from each polymer. Ultrasonic velocity and sound attenuation measurements were performed with pulse-echo and immersion techniques. These results were analyzed and compared with water, typical plastics and rubbers. In order to evaluate the coupling performance of hydrophilic polymers, weights of 50g, 200g, 500g and 1 kg were used as loading conditions to change the pressure applied to the transducer. Results obtained with this study showed that hydrophilic polymers offer low attenuation at high frequencies and couple effectively while eliminating the risk of test piece contamination. The study also revealed that velocities of polymers decrease by increasing the water content. This research can be used as a guideline for an alternative choice of couplant while testing water sensitive materials in safety critical structures or where the test piece is avoided from contamination and also can be used for rough surfaces.
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Books on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Dirtoft, Ingegerd. Holography: A new method for deformation analysis of upper complete dentures in vitro and in vivo. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1985.

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Polymer testing. 2nd ed. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 2013.

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Grellmann, Wolfgang. Polymer testing. Cincinnati, Ohio: Hanser Gardner Publications, 2007.

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Efremovich, Zaikov Gennadiĭ, ed. Polymers in medicine. Commack, N. Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1995.

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Reynolds, W. N. Non-destructive testing of polymers. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1990.

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Stoĭko, Fakirov, ed. Microhardness of polymers. Cambridge, [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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Pradas, Manuel Monleón, and María J. Vicent, eds. Polymers in Regenerative Medicine. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118356692.

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Puoci, Francesco, ed. Advanced Polymers in Medicine. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0.

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Chiellini, Emo, Paolo Giusti, Claudio Migliaresi, and Luigi Nicolais, eds. Polymers in Medicine II. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1809-5.

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Werner, Carsten, ed. Polymers for Regenerative Medicine. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11604228.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Rickert, Dorothee, Rosemarie Fuhrmann, Bernhard Hiebl, Andreas Lendlein, and Ralf-Peter Franke. "Results of Biocompatibility Testing of Novel, Multifunctional Polymeric Implant Materials In-Vitro and In-Vivo." In Advances in Regenerative Medicine: Role of Nanotechnology, and Engineering Principles, 285–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8790-4_14.

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Grellmann, Wolfgang, and Sabine Seidler. "Mechanical Properties of Polymers." In Polymer Testing, 71–227. 3rd ed. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908075.004.

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Hada, Deepa, and Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan. "11. Antimicrobial testing methods." In Biocidal Polymers, edited by Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan, 241–62. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110639131-011.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Compression Testing." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 163. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2777.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Spark-Testing." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 684. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10932.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Testing Methods." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 736. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11685.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Evenness Testing." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 284. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4642.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Fold Testing." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 320. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5211.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Weather Testing." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 807. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12753.

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Albert, Marilyn S. "Neuropsychological Testing." In Geriatric Medicine, 48–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2093-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Chen, H. T., H. S. Ko, and C. Gau. "The study of polymer pressure sensor by nanocomposites with MWNT and it's characteristics testing." In 2009 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nanomed.2009.5559076.

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Guo, X. S., Y. Q. Chen, X. L. Yang, and L. R. Wang. "Development of a novel electronic tongue system using sensor array based on polymer films for liquid phase testing." In 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1616393.

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Xuan, Yue, and Wei Tong. "Mechanical Characterization of Biological Tissue: Finite Element Modeling." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13320.

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Indentation, in addition to the traditional tensile testing, has been widely used for evaluating mechanical properties of hard materials such as metals and bone as well as soft materials like polymer and soft tissues. However, it is difficult to measure the contact area and surface deformation in conventional indentation tests of soft tissue which will bring large errors to the evaluation of the material properties. Also the assumption of isotropic property limited the usage of indentation test in characterizing the nonlinear, anisotropic properties of soft tissue thin film. In this project, 2D and 3D finite element analyses has been carried out to predict hyperelastic material response under indentation and punch tests. A novel indentation test system was developed, which made the direct measurement of local deformation and contact area possible. The apparatus consists of a transparent indenter, a digital microscope, and a computer based control and data acquisition system. The proposed testing system and associated finite element analysis are used to characterize the mechanical properties of multiscale (bulk and thin film) biological tissues.
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Xu, Heqi, Changxue Xu, and Zhengyi Zhang. "Sedimentation Study of Bioink Containing Living Cells." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2747.

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Abstract 3D bioprinting has more and more applications in tissue engineering, in vitro drug testing, and regenerative medicine. The bioink consisting of the biocompatible polymer (as extracellular matrix) and the living cells is the starting material. Because the typical bioprinting process may take several hours, the suspended cells in the bioink sediment with time, which significantly affects the bioink stability as well as the following bioprinting quality and reliability. The cell sedimentation is determined by the integral effects of drag force and buoyancy and gravity. The gravitational force is related to the cells, and the drag force and buoyant force is related to the polymer concentration. This paper is the first paper to quantify the cell sedimentation process of the bioink within 0.5% and 1% (w/v) polymer concentrations respectively. The cell sedimentation phenomenon has been observed using the bioink within 0.5% and 1% (w/v) polymer concentrations. The cell sedimentation velocity has been estimated to be 1.18 μm/s with the polymer concentrations to be 0.5% (w/v) and 0.88 μm/s for the bioink with the polymer concentrations to be 1% (w/v). It is also found that the cell concentration increases significantly at the bottom of the bioink reservoir, resulting in cell aggregates due to cell-cell interaction.
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Вальнюкова, Анастасия Сергеевна, and Елизавета Александровна Казутина. "THERMOSENSITIVE POLYMERS IN MEDICINE." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp316.2021.51.47.004.

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Рассмотрены термочувствительные полимеры, полученные методом радикальной полимеризации. Из анализа литературных данных выделены типы термочувствительных полимеров и показано их применение в медицине. Thermosensitive polymers obtained by radical polymerization are considered. From the analysis of the literature data, the types of heat-sensitive polymers are identified and their application is shown in medicine.
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Yeo, Woon-Hong, Jae-Hyun Chung, and Kyong-Hoon Lee. "Tuberculosis Diagnostics Using a Nanotip Sensor." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13065.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most widely spread diseases. In 2006, 9.2 million new TB cases were reported with 1.7 million victims [1]. To diagnose TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is identified in clinical samples. The challenge of TB diagnostics is high-performance screening conducted by nontrained personnel. Currently, nucleic acid testing with target-amplification strategy such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is available for detection of TB. However, this entails cumbersome procedures run by skilled operators with expensive instrumentation and reagents. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a nanotip sensor to diagnose TB rapidly without target-amplification. The proposed methodology uses a nanostructured tip as a biosensor to detect target analytes. The novelty of this approach is in the superior concentration and detection mechanisms of nucleic acids on the terminal end of a nanotip using an alternating current (AC) electric field, specific chemical binding, and capillary action. Confirmatory identification of MTB is achieved by detecting MTB strains on a nanostructured tip through DNA hybridization. In this paper, the working principle is presented with the demonstration of amplification-free detection of MTB genomic DNA using the nanotip sensor. The performance of the tip sensor is characterized.
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DeGroote, Jessica, Stephen D. Jacobs, and John M. Schoen. "Experiments on magnetorheological finishing of optical polymers." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.2002.omb1.

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Liu, Fei, Tingting Chen, Xudong Zhang, Fang Li, and Ioana Voiculescu. "Study of Long Term Viability of Endothelial Cells on Biochip for Rapid and Reliable Water Toxicity Measurements." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93035.

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Measuring water toxicity is a lengthy process, and rapid analytical methods are limited. A complementary approach is to measure water toxicity on live cells via electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) using a field portable device. This paper presents a study of the longevity of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAECs VEC Technologies, Rensselaer, NY) by integrating a microfluidic device onto the ECIS sensors. This microfluidic chamber with a network of tree-like perfusion microfluidic channels for cell media delivery to the culturing chamber was fabricated from a biocompatible polymer and tested for longevity studies. This perfusion microchannels were designed as a symmetric arbor with binary splitting to provide equal flow in all the perfusion channels. The microdimensions of the perfusion channels provide high flow resistance, thus carrying low flow rates for a given head pressure and generating low shear stress to the cells during the long-time cell attachment and proliferation period. With such a microfluidic device, cell media can be automatically and evenly perfused into the culturing chamber and no significant shear stress produced by media perfusion was observed. During the longevity study, the BAECs were able to survive in good health for longer than one month. Toxicity tests to study the BAECs responsiveness to health-threatening concentrations of ammonia using the microfluidic ECIS sensor will be also presented. Using impedance spectroscopy technique we demonstrated the BAECs can rapidly respond to ammonia concentrations between the military exposure guideline of 2mM and human lethal concentration of 55mM. The BAECs monolayer represent the most important component of a biosensor for testing water toxicity in the field. This research concluded that the BAECs could resist at least 34 days on the microfluidic chip and demonstrate high values of cell membrane impedance during long period of time.
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Stoicescu, Ramona, Razvan-Alexandru Stoicescu, Codrin Gheorghe, Adina Honcea, and Iulian Bratu. "CONSIDERATIONS ON SARS-COV-2 DIAGNOSIS IN THE LABORATORY OF UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY CLINICAL HOSPITAL OF CONSTANTA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/07.

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Coronaviruses are members of the Coronaviridae family. They are enveloped, non-segmented, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Their genome size is about 30 kilobases (kb) which consist, at the 5’ end, of non-structural open reading frames (ORFs: ORF1a, ORF 1b) which code for 16 non structural proteins, and at the 3’ end the genes which code for four structural proteins including membrane (M), envelope (E), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Due to the rapid spread of COVID-19, a reliable detection method is needed for patient diagnosis especially in the early stages of the disease. WHO has recommended nucleic acid amplification tests such as real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The assay detects three SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets: the envelope (E) gene, the nucleocapsid (N) gene and a region of the open reading frame (ORF1) of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene from SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1. Our study was made in the first 3 months of the year 2021 using the real-time RT PCR results obtained in the Cellular Biology ward of the University Emergency Clinical Hospital. In our lab we are testing the inpatients from the hospital wards (Neurology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Internal medicine, ICU, Cardiology, etc.); we are also testing the outpatients from Dialysis and Oncology, 2 days prior to their therapy; we also test the health care personnel. The number of tests we performed was: in January 1456, with 399 positive results (27.4%), 33 deaths; in February 1273 tests, 221 positive (17.36%), 16 deaths; in March 1471 tests, 373 positive (25.36%), 37 deceased.
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Wolf, J., S. Gruetzner, M. Ferstl, J. J. Klein, A. Schleunitz, and G. Gruetzner. "Prototyping of Monolithic Diffractive-Refractive Micro-Optics with Inkjetable Polymers." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.2019.ot2a.5.

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Reports on the topic "Polymers in medicine – Testing"

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Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Development and testing of new biologically-based polymers as advanced biocompatible contact lenses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775141.

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Campbell, Cynthia, Constance Weisner, Andrea Kline-Simon, Sara Adams, Andrea Rubinstein, and Monique Does. Testing a Program to Increase Patient Activation Among Patients Prescribed Opioid Medicine for Chronic Pain. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/10.2019.ihs.131008734.

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Andreae, Lynn J., Susan J. Andreae, Andrea L. Cherrington, Joshua S. Richman, and Monika M. Safford. Testing a Coaching Program to Help Adults with Diabetes Living in Rural Alabama Take Their Medicine as Directed. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/11.2020.ad.130603565ic.

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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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Menon, Nalini, and Robert Horton. Level 4 report: Re-establishment of Sandia National Labs super-critical carbon dioxide testing autoclave capability for exposure of metal alloys and polymers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890262.

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Stavland, Arne, Siv Marie Åsen, Arild Lohne, Olav Aursjø, and Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow: Lab (cm and m scale). University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.201.

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Polymer flooding is one of the most promising EOR methods (Smalley et al. 2018). It is well known and has been used successfully (Pye 1964; Standnes & Skjevrak 2014; Sheng et al. 2015). From a technical perspective we recommend that polymer flooding should be considered as a viable EOR method on the Norwegian Continental Shelf for the following reasons: 1. More oil can be produced with less water injected; this is particularly important for the NCS which are currently producing more water than oil 2. Polymers will increase the aerial sweep and improve the ultimate recovery, provided a proper injection strategy 3. Many polymer systems are available, and it should be possible to tailor their chemical composition to a wide range of reservoir conditions (temperature and salinity) 4. Polymer systems can be used to block water from short circuiting injection production wells 5. Polymer combined with low salinity injection water has many benefits: a lower polymer concentration can be used to reach target viscosity, less mechanical degradation, less adsorption, and a potential reduction in Sor due to a low salinity wettability effect. There are some hurdles when considering polymer flooding that needs to be considered: 1. Many polymer systems are not at the present considered as green chemicals; thus, reinjection of produced water is needed. However, results from polymer degradation studies in the IORCentre indicates that a. High molecular weight polymers are quickly degraded to low molecular weight. In case of accidental release to the ocean low molecular weight polymers are diluted and the lifetime of the spill might be quite short. According to Caulfield et al. (2002) HPAM is not toxic, and will not degrade to the more environmentally problematic acrylamide. b. In the DF report for environmental impact there are case studies using the DREAM model to predict the transport of chemical spills. This model is coupled with polymer (sun exposure) degradation data from the IORCentre to quantify the lifetime of polymer spills. This approach should be used for specific field cases to quantify the environmental risk factor. 2. Care must be taken to prepare the polymer solution offshore. Chokes and vales might be a challenge but can be mitigating according to the results from the large-scale testing done in the IORCentre (Stavland et al. 2021). None of the above-mentioned challenges are server enough to not consider polymer flooding. HPAM is neither toxic, nor bio-accumulable, or bio-persistent and the CO2 footprint from a polymer flood may be significantly less than a water flood (Dupuis et al. 2021). There are at least two contributing factors to this statement, which we will return in detail to in the next section i) during linear displacement polymer injection will produce more oil for the same amount of water injected, hence the lifetime of the field can be shortened ii) polymers increase the arial sweep reducing the need for wells.
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