Journal articles on the topic 'Polymers based materials'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Polymers based materials.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Polymers based materials.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ilyas, R. A., S. M. Sapuan, and Emin Bayraktar. "Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183778.
Abstract:
Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials is a newly opened Special Issue of Polymers, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make contributions to the findings and understanding of the reinforcing effects of various bio and synthetic-based polymers on the performance of polymer composites [...]
2
Brostow, Witold, and Haley E. Hagg Lobland. "Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (December 25, 2016): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.595.
Abstract:
The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.
3
Galimzyanova, Reseda Y., Maria S. Lisanevich, and Yuri N. Khakimullin. "Sealing Materials Based on Polymers." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.93.
Abstract:
Polymer-based sealing materials currently play a large and important role in almost all areas of industry. The use of sealants can increase the energy saving of building structures, the safety of vehicles, etc. Sealants are equally used in such specialized applications as the aerospace field, and are also used to solve everyday problems, such as sealing plumbing. The main consumption of sealants is in construction and automotive. This review provides data on the global and domestic market for sealing materials; The basic terms and definitions used in the field of adhesive and sealing materials are analyzed. The main differences between the terms adhesive and sealant are discussed. The classification of sealants is given in accordance with modern international regulatory documents. It is disassembled that they are one-component reactive hot-melt sealants. Their main advantages and disadvantages are listed. It is noted that the development of the industry of sealing materials is likely to move towards the development of moisture-curing compositions based on silane-modified polymers. This assumption is supported by a fairly detailed classification of silane-modified polymers in the FEICA classification guide for sealants and adhesives.
4
Claussen, Kai U., Reiner Giesa, and Hans-Werner Schmidt. "Longitudinal polymer gradient materials based on crosslinked polymers." Polymer 55, no. 1 (January 2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.11.018.
5
Zou, Hua, Jing Liu, Ying Li, Xiaoyan Li, and Xia Wang. "Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Polymers and Polymer Materials." Small 14, no. 46 (August 31, 2018): 1802234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201802234.
6
Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole, Taiwo Fisayo Omotosho, and Adeolu Adesoji Adediran. "Polymer-Based Composites: An Indispensable Material for Present and Future Applications." International Journal of Polymer Science 2020 (October 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834518.
Abstract:
Right from the early days, polymer materials have been discovered as being beneficial for various applications but a poor understanding of these materials greatly handicapped their usage. However, with a change in this trend, polymer materials have gradually displaced other materials in most applications. In recent times, due to improved research and knowledge, polymer-based materials are the first choice materials for several applications and are now replacing other materials rapidly. More advanced materials from polymers are being developed daily as a substitute for other materials even in areas where polymers are considered not to be suitable in the time past. More recently, polymers have replaced metals and ceramics in applications like constructions, aerospace, automobiles, and medical. It is no doubt that this trend will continue due to the inherent properties of polymers and sustainability potential. Today, most of the limitations of polymers are being taken care of in the formulation of composite materials. Besides, the adaptation to positive environmental influence is being handled by scientists and researchers. Hence, this review reveals core areas of application of polymer-based composites and the significance of these materials to the advancement of humanity.
7
Zhang, Xun. "Application of biopolymer materials and polymer-based photoelectric materials." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 11 (August 23, 2022): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v11i.1268.
Abstract:
Due to the excellent physical and chemical properties of polymers, a diverse of different functional polymer materials have been widely used in our daily life. As a new type of material, functional polymer materials can be able to play a significant role in the progress of science and technology. In addition, functional polymer materials are closely related to many everyday products in our daily life. Leaving the traditional polymer materials will bring a lot of inconvenience to our life. Recently, functional polymer materials, which have become hot spots, have concentrated various research achievements in various disciplines and fields. At the same time, they have the characteristics of polymer materials and functional materials, and play an important role in specific fields. Among these functional polymer materials, biopolymer materials are widely used in the medical field, which is helpful to prolong the life of patients, improve human health and improve the quality of human life. Polymer-based photoelectric materials are mainly used in the fields of automobile power and folding mobile phones, and the mass production of photovoltaic solar materials has become a new hot spot. As a result, this research will mainly introduce the main application status and future development trend of biopolymer materials and polymer-based photoelectric materials.
8
Segal-Peretz, Tamar. "(Invited) ALD-Based Infiltration and Growth of Inorganic Materials in Polymers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 31 (October 9, 2022): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02311158mtgabs.
Abstract:
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) has emerged in the past decade as a powerful technique for growth of inorganic materials within polymers through atomic layer deposition (ALD) chemistry. In SIS, ALD precursors diffuse into the polymer and interact with it, leading to inorganic materials growth within the polymer’s free volume. If desired, the polymer can later be removed, yielding polymer-templated inorganic structures. Combining SIS with self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) patterns results in selective growth of inorganic materials within the polar domains of the BCP, making it an attractive method for directed templating of inorganic nanostructures. Thus, SIS opens a pathway for exploiting ALD precision and rich materials library in new 3D morphologies, defined by the polymer. To build SIS design rules and expand SIS’ possibilities, we probed SIS growth and evolution at the atomic scale and explored the role of reversible polymer-precursor interactions in SIS growth through a plethora of methods: in-situ growth analysis (microgravimetry and FTIR), ex-situ high-resolution electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This knowledge was then applied in fabrication by design of metal oxide fibers, porous particles, and membranes. We fabricated Al2O3 and ZnO nanofibers, nanobelts, and core-shell fibers using designed growth profiles within electrospun polymer fibers. By controlling the organometallic precursors’ diffusion time, simultaneous but spatially controlled growth of Al2O3 and ZnO within the fibers was achieved, leading to the formation of metal oxide core-shell fibers. Self-assembled BCP particles were used to template porous metal oxide particles by selective growth of Al2O3 in the major block of the self-assembled structure. The uniform BCP assembly led to uniporous pores in the metal oxide particles. Finally, we utilized SIS and ALD within and onto BCP membranes for exceptional pore size control and pores’ surface engineering, yielding highly selective filtration membranes.
9
Liu, Wei, Bakhtar Ullah, Ching-Ching Kuo, and Xingke Cai. "Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials-Based Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Energy Storage Applications." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4294306.
Abstract:
Polymers have been widely used for their low density, low cost, corrosion resistance, easy design, and processing. The addition of nanomaterials into polymer matrices has been studied for a long history due to their enhancement on properties of polymers, such as the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. Two-dimensional materials, a new class of nanomaterials, have been intensively studied as a filler for polymer composites in recent years, which can significantly enhance the performance at even extremely small loading. In this review, firstly, the preparing and modifying method of 2D materials, such as graphene, graphene oxide, and hexagonal boron nitride, as a filler for polymer composites are organized. The related dispersion methods of 2D materials in the polymers, surface treatments of 2D materials, interface bonding between 2D materials and polymers are discussed alongside. Secondly, the applications of 2D materials/polymer composites for energy storage in lithium ion battery separators and supercapacitors are summarized. Finally, we have concluded the challenges in preparing 2D materials/polymer composites, and future perspectives for using this class of new composites have also been discussed.
10
Ramanavicius, Simonas, Arunas Jagminas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review)." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060974.
Abstract:
Recent challenges in biomedical diagnostics show that the development of rapid affinity sensors is very important issue. Therefore, in this review we are aiming to outline the most important directions of affinity sensors where polymer-based semiconducting materials are applied. Progress in formation and development of such materials is overviewed and discussed. Some applicability aspects of conducting polymers in the design of affinity sensors are presented. The main attention is focused on bioanalytical application of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ortho-phenylenediamine. In addition, some other polymers and inorganic materials that are suitable for molecular imprinting technology are also overviewed. Polymerization techniques, which are the most suitable for the development of composite structures suitable for affinity sensors are presented. Analytical signal transduction methods applied in affinity sensors based on polymer-based semiconducting materials are discussed. In this review the most attention is focused on the development and application of molecularly imprinted polymer-based structures, which can replace antibodies, receptors, and many others expensive affinity reagents. The applicability of electrochromic polymers in affinity sensor design is envisaged. Sufficient biocompatibility of some conducting polymers enables to apply them as “stealth coatings” in the future implantable affinity-sensors. Some new perspectives and trends in analytical application of polymer-based semiconducting materials are highlighted.
11
K, Sivakumar K., Amena Banoo Khanani, G. Durga Devi, Nishat Khanam, Dilendra Chandraker, and Sandeep SasiKumar Ambapallil. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Based Materials for Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (August 19, 2023): 4330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3503.
Abstract:
This study summarizes the many biomedical and biomechanical applications of polymer-based materials. The use of polymer-based materials in medical implants and equipment allows for the restoration or enhancement of function of damaged or disconnected tissues or organs, thereby benefiting patients. Appropriateness to the body is the most important factor to consider while choosing the biomaterial. For materials made of polymers to be useful over the long haul, they need to meet certain criteria. Polymers with shape memory and shape-changing capabilities are examples of this class of materials that can perform active movements triggered by external inputs. In the recent two decades, these materials have garnered a lot of attention in the biomedical field, particularly for use in minimally invasive procedures. This is why polymeric biomaterials have been and will continue to be crucial to the development of innovative antibacterial technologies for use in biologic applications. Topics covered in this study include biomolecule conjugates of smart polymers on surfaces, various forms of smart polymeric biomaterials, and the characteristics and applications of smart polymers. This page provides a synopsis of the three main categories of polymeric-based materials, outlining their respective areas of use.
12
Nath, Amar, and P. P. Pande. "Polyacrylamide Based Polymers: Smart Materials Used in Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2531.
Abstract:
Now-a-days synthetic polyelectrolytes are frequently used by the industries in the treatment of industrial effluents. Such materials have a variety of properties such as easily changeable structure as per the specific requirement, higher purity, highstability and have more efficiency than the natural polymers. These polymers do not add any solid residue in the sludge, exhibit no change in the physico-chemical properties of the treated water and therefore this water may be recycled. Polyacrylamide is a synthetic polyelectrolyte which is hydrophilic in nature and insoluble in organic solvents. It has very high affinity towards the suspended particles present in water. Therefore, polyacrylamide based polymers are highly effective for the flocculation of suspended contaminated particle present in the effluents. Polyacrylamide is very important polymer for wastewater treatment which enhances the flocculation potential by modification of its nature into non-ionic, anionic and cationic forms.
13
Varsha Laxman Jakune, Varsha Siddheshwar Tegeli, and Misbah Sultana Abdul Kausar Badewale. "A review on vegetable oil based biodegradable polymers." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0020.
Abstract:
The reviewed work addressed the shift in focus from conventional polymers to bio-based and renewable polymers. This extensively discussed the values of various fatty acid components present in the oils and polymers. Areas of application of the thermosetting polymers obtained from plant seed oils were discussed. Non-biodegradable polymers are causing severe damage to the environment. To counter this, need of biodegradable polymers is gaining a rapid growth in numbers, in their applications and quantities used. In this manuscript, we have briefly described important vegetable oil derived materials such as alkyds, poly-esteramides, , polyurethanes, epoxies, polyols, along with their preparation and applications as protective coatings. A small portion of the review is also dedicated to the future perspectives in the field. In spite of their extensive utilization in the world of coatings, literature survey revealed that in the past no review has come up describing the chemistry and applications of vegetable oil polymer based coating materials. In addition, due to the oil crises worldwide, focuses from synthesizing polymers from petroleum has shifted to the synthesis of polymers from renewable resources such as vegetable oils. The use of vegetable oils in the polymer renders biodegradability to the polymer. Different researchers have used different vegetables oils like castor oil, soybean oil, & sunflower oil for synthesis of polymers and utilized them in diverse fields like biomedical, coatings, adhesives, and as structural materials. This review discusses the synthesis, characterization, degradation and applications of polymers obtained from natural oils such as castor oil, soybean oil etc.
14
Taniya, Olga S., Albert F. Khasanov, Leila K. Sadieva, Sougata Santra, Igor L. Nikonov, Wahab K. A. Al-Ithawi, Igor S. Kovalev, Dmitry S. Kopchuk, Grigory V. Zyryanov, and Brindaban C. Ranu. "Polymers and Polymer-Based Materials for the Detection of (Nitro-)explosives." Materials 16, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 6333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186333.
Abstract:
Methods for the remote detection of warfare agents and explosives have been in high demand in recent times. Among the several detection methods, fluorescence methods appear to be more convenient due to their low cost, simple operation, fast response time, and naked-eye-visible sensory response. For fluorescence methods, a large variety of fluorescent materials, such as small-molecule-based fluorophores, aggregation-induced emission fluorophores/materials, and supramolecular systems, have been reported in the literature. Among them, fluorescent (bio)polymers/(bio)polymer-based materials have gained wide attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and sensory performance, their ability to recognize explosives via different sensing mechanisms and their combinations, and, finally, the so-called amplification of the sensory response. This review provides the most up-to-date data on the utilization of polymers and polymer-based materials for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs)/nitro-explosives (NEs) in the last decade. The literature data have been arranged depending on the polymer type and/or sensory mechanism.
15
Alberti, Giancarla, Camilla Zanoni, Vittorio Losi, Lisa Rita Magnaghi, and Raffaela Biesuz. "Current Trends in Polymer Based Sensors." Chemosensors 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9050108.
Abstract:
This review illustrates various types of polymer and nanocomposite polymeric based sensors used in a wide variety of devices. Moreover, it provides an overview of the trends and challenges in sensor research. As fundamental components of new devices, polymers play an important role in sensing applications. Indeed, polymers offer many advantages for sensor technologies: their manufacturing methods are pretty simple, they are relatively low-cost materials, and they can be functionalized and placed on different substrates. Polymers can participate in sensing mechanisms or act as supports for the sensing units. Another good quality of polymer-based materials is that their chemical structure can be modified to enhance their reactivity, biocompatibility, resistance to degradation, and flexibility.
16
Poon, Louis, Jacob R. Hum, and Richard G. Weiss. "Neat Linear Polysiloxane-Based Ionic Polymers: Insights into Structure-Based Property Modifications and Applications." Macromol 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1010002.
Abstract:
A diverse range of linear polysiloxane-based ionic polymers that are hydrophobic and highly flexible can be obtained by substituting the polymers with varying amounts of ionic centers. The materials can be highly crystalline solids, amorphous soft solids, poly(ionic) liquids or viscous polymer liquids. A key to understanding how structural variations can lead to these different materials is the establishment of correlations between the physical (dynamic and static) properties and the structures of the polymers at different distance scales. This short review provides such correlations by examining the influence of structural properties (such as molecular weights, ion pair contents, and ion types) on key bulk properties of the materials.
17
Caldona, Eugene B., Ernesto I. Borrego, Ketki E. Shelar, Karl M. Mukeba, and Dennis W. Smith. "Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061486.
Abstract:
Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.
18
Su, Fuyun, Tingshu He, Zhongmao He, Qihao Yu, and Haiyan Wang. "Mechanism of Acrylate Emulsion-Modified Cement-Based Materials." Molecules 29, no. 6 (March 12, 2024): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061260.
Abstract:
Polymer-modified cement-based materials have been widely used in building materials. Polymers play a crucial role in improving the performance of cement-based materials. At the same time, different polymers are added according to specific special requirements to meet the needs of the industry. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research on the performance and mechanism of acrylic lotion in modifying cement-based materials. Firstly, the role of acrylate lotion in the improvement of the volume stability, mechanical properties, and durability of cement-based materials was discussed to explore the advantages and disadvantages further, optimize the application of polymer in cement-based materials according to the performance improvement, and amplify the advantages of polymer modification. Secondly, the physicochemical mechanism of acrylate-lotion-modified cement-based materials was discussed, and the products and reactants of acrylate lotion in the reaction process of cement-based materials, as well as the interaction mechanism of acrylic lotion and cement hydrates, were clarified. Cement hydration is a crucial step in exploring the mechanism of polymer-modified cement-based materials. Due to the acrylate lotion filled on the cement surface and the physical and chemical interaction between them, the cement hydration is delayed, resulting in the cement retarding phenomenon. This paper describes its mechanism. Finally, the improvement effect of acrylate lotion on the performance of cement-based materials was reviewed, the research methods of mechanism research on acrylate-lotion-modified cement-based materials were evaluated, and suggestions for future research methods were provided.
19
Min, Yuru, Chenyao Yuan, Donglei Fu, and Jingquan Liu. "Formaldehyde Gas Sensors Fabricated with Polymer-Based Materials: A Review." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020134.
Abstract:
Formaldehyde has been regarded as a common indoor pollutant and does great harm to human health, which has caused the relevant departments to pay attention to its accurate detection. At present, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and other methods have been proposed for formaldehyde detection. Among them, the gas sensor is especially suitable for common gaseous formaldehyde detection with the fastest response speed and the highest sensitivity. Compared with the formaldehyde sensors based on small molecules, the polymer-based sensor has higher selectivity but lower sensitivity because the polymer-based sensor can realize the specific detection of formaldehyde through a specific chemical reaction. Polymer-related formaldehyde sensors can be very versatile. They can be fabricated with a single polymer, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), polymer/metal-oxide composites, different polymers, polymer/biomass material composites, polymer/carbon material composites, and polymer composites with other materials. Almost all of these sensors can detect formaldehyde at ppb levels under laboratory conditions. Moreover, almost all polymer nanocomposite sensors have better sensitivity than single polymer sensors. However, the sensing performance of the sensor will be greatly reduced in a humid environment due to the sensitive coating on the gaseous formaldehyde sensor, which is mostly a hydrophilic polymer. At present, researchers are trying to improve the sensitive material or use humidity compensation methods to optimize the gaseous formaldehyde sensor. The improvement of the practical performance of formaldehyde sensors has great significance for improving indoor living environments.
20
Callstrom, Matthew R., and Mark D. Bednarski. "New Carbohydrate-Based Polymeric Materials." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 10 (October 1992): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400046492.
Abstract:
The total world production of water-soluble polymers is estimated to be greater than five million tons per year. Water-soluble polymers are most conveniently described according to their origin in three classes (see Structures 1-6):∎ Natural polymers, including starch (1) and cellulose (2);∎ chemically modified natural polymers, including, for example, hydroxyethyl starch (3) and cellulose acetate (4); and∎ synthetic polymers, the most important of which are polyacrylamide (5) and polyvinyl alcohol (6), (commonly composed of both alcohol and acetate groups as shown). The widespread use of these materials is due to both their availability and the range of useful physical properties found in the various natural and chemically modified natural polymers.Of the commercial water-soluble polymers, approximately 50–80% are based on natural polysaccharide materials. One of the primary reasons that these materials find such widespread use is the dramatic response of their properties to changes in their functionality and stereochemistry: chemical modification or the combination of polysaccharides with other polymeric materials has yielded materials whose applications range from explosives to food additives. Although efforts directed at controlling the properties of polysaccharides has resulted in a wide variety of useful materials, we felt control of the composition of carbohydrate-based polymers at the molecular level would provide materials with properties superior to those derived from natural and chemically modified polysaccharide materials.Our approach for the preparation of new carbohydrate-based materials is to use the carbohydrate as a template for the introduction of desired functionality with complete regiochemical and stereochemical control by both chemical and enzymatic methods (Scheme I).
21
Jintakanon, N., Pakorn Opaprakasit, Atitsa Petchsuk, and Mantana Opaprakasit. "Controlled-Release Materials for Fertilizer Based on Lactic Acid Polymers." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.905.
Abstract:
ontrolled-release materials for urea are prepared by spray coating urea granulates with lactic acid based homo- and co-polymers solutions. Percent coating as a function of polymer types, molecular weight, polymer concentration, and dose applications are examined by gravimetric analysis. Percentage of urea dissolution in water of the coated fertilizer is measured by monitoring refractive index of the solutions. Morphology of the polymer coating surfaces is revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that an amount of cracks and pin-holes, which is dependent on polymer types and molecular weight, plays a significant role in controlling the rate of urea release. Results from urea dissolution test also suggests that the synthesized poly(lactic acid-co-ethylene terephthalate) show urea-holding efficiency comparable to that of commercial PLA, despite its much lower molecular weight, indicating that the copolymer is potentially suitable for this specific application.
22
Al-Moameri, Harith, Dalia Adil Rasool, and Zainab Majid Nahi. "A REVIEW OF POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS USED IN BIOMATERIALS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 26, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.26.5.1.
Abstract:
The research provides a concise overview of numerous biomedical and biomechanics uses for polymer-based materials in medical applications. Polymer-based materials are used to repair or enhance the functionality of tissues or organs damaged or disjointed in the context of implants and medical equipment, thereby enhancing patients’ well-being. The critical criterion for selecting the biomaterial is its appropriateness to the body. Polymer-based material must have certain essential characteristics to enable lengthy-term use. This family of materials, which may execute stimuli-induced active motions, includes shape-changing and shape-memory polymers as examples. Significant interest in the area of biomedicine has developed for these materials over the last 20 years, especially in minimally invasive surgeries. In this regard, the development of novel antimicrobial technologies for biomedical implementations depends heavily on polymeric biomaterials and would continue to do so. This review article focuses on the properties and applications of smart polymers application, biomolecule conjugates of smart polymers on surfaces, and Forms of smart polymeric biomaterials. This article presents an overview of the scope of application of the three polymeric-based materials.
23
Okolie, Obinna, Anuj Kumar, Christine Edwards, Linda A. Lawton, Adekunle Oke, Seonaidh McDonald, Vijay Kumar Thakur, and James Njuguna. "Bio-Based Sustainable Polymers and Materials: From Processing to Biodegradation." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 6 (May 24, 2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060213.
Abstract:
In the life cycle of a material, there will be either chemical or physical change due to varying environmental factors such as biological activity, light, heat, moisture, and chemical conditions. This process leads to polymer property change as pertains to functional deterioration because of the physical, biological, and chemical reactions that result in chemical transformations and bond scission and thus can be regarded as polymer degradation. Due to the present demand for sustainable polymers, bio-based polymers have been identified as a solution. There is therefore a need to compare the sustainability impacts of bio-based polymers, to maximize their use in functional use stage and still withhold the bio-degradation capability. This study focuses are poly (lactic acid) (PLA), Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and polyamides (PA) as biopolymers of interest due to their potential in technological applications, stability, and biodegradability. For preparing bio-based value-added products, an appropriate selection of the fabrication or functional modification process is a very important factor for particular industrial or biomedical applications. The literature review indicates that in vivo is preferred to in vitro because it suits an overall study of the experiment’s effects on a living subject. This study will explore these features in detail. In particular, the review will cover processing and biodegradation pathways for each of the biopolymers. In addition, thermal degredation and photodegradation are covered, and future trends and conclusions are drawn.
24
Xu, Chunye, Lu Liu, Susan E. Legenski, Dai Ning, and Minoru Taya. "Switchable window based on electrochromic polymers." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 7 (July 2004): 2072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0259.
Abstract:
A large contrast ratio (>ΔΤ = 60%) and rapid switching (0.3–1 s) electrochromic (EC) polymer device that consists of a laminated two-layer structure between two electrodes was prepared. The new design consists of an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode, a cathodic EC polymer film, a solid electrolyte, and a counterelectrode that replaces the anodic EC polymer and ITO electrode. Four EC polymers including two new EC polymers, Poly[3-methyl-3′-propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno(3,4-b)(1,4)dioxepine] (PProDOT-MePro) and Poly[3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,7H-(1,4)dioxepino(2,3-c)pyrrole] (PProDOP-Et2), were synthesized as cathodic EC polymers. A carbon-based counterelectrode was prepared for comparison with an Au-based counterelectrode. Several kinds of polymer gel electrolytes were prepared for comparison. The devices (windows) were increased in area from 0.028 × 0.04 in.2, 1 × 1 in.2 to 3 × 3 in.2 Three main components, the EC polymer film, the gel electrolyte, and the counterelectrode, were studied and their optical properties, conductivities, and repeatabilities were compared. The effects of window size on the contrast ratio, switching speed, power usage, and repeatability were studied.
25
RAO, PRADNYA, CHINMAY SATAM, ASHOK GHOSH, and PETER W. HART. "Multifunctional starch-based barrier materials." August 2021 20, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.8.511.
Abstract:
Natural and renewable polymer-based barrier materials play an inevitable role in a sustainable economy. Most commercially available barrier materials are either based on multiple layers of synthetic polymers or petroleum-based chemicals. Tremendous amounts of research are being done in academia and industry to replace these synthetic barrier materials with natural and environmentally friendly materials. The current work summarizes the application of starch-based materials for various barrier applications, such as water vapor, oxygen, liquid water, oil, and grease. Also, exotic starch-based barrier materials for the application of sound, ultraviolet, and thermal barrier applications are reviewed. The potential of starch-based materials to offer antimicrobial and antiviral properties is discussed. Finally, commercially available starch-based barrier materials have been summarized.
26
Krishnan, Mohan Raj, and Edreese Housni Alsharaeh. "High-performance functional materials based on polymer nanocomposites—A review." Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2024): 3292. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v6i1.3292.
Abstract:
Oil spill clean-up is a long-standing challenge for researchers to prevent serious environmental pollution. A new kind of oil-absorbent based on silicon-containing polymers (e.g., poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)) with high absorption capacity and excellent reusability was prepared and used for oil/water separation. The PDMS-based oil absorbents have highly interconnected pores with swellable skeletons, combining the advantages of porous materials and gels. On the other hand, polymer/silica composites have been extensively studied as high-performance functional coatings since, as an organic/inorganic composite material, they are expected to combine polymer flexibility and ease of processing with mechanical properties. The polymer composites with increased impact resistance and tensile strength, without decreasing the flexibility of the polymer matrix, can be achieved by incorporating the silica nanoparticles or nanosand or sand particles into the polymeric matrices. Therefore, polymer/silica composites have attracted great interest in many industries. Some potential applications, including high-performance coatings, electronics and optical applications, membranes, sensors, materials for metal uptake, etc., were comprehensively reviewed. In the first part of the review, we will cover the recent progress of oil absorbents based on silicon-containing polymers (PDMS). In the later detail of the review, we will discuss the recent developments of functional materials based on polymer/silica composite, sand, and nanosand systems.
27
Yu, Xiaomei, Ting Li, Lin Hao, and Dacheng Zhang. "PCR Microchip Array Based on Polymer Bonding Technique." Journal of Electronic Packaging 127, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1849231.
Abstract:
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microchip array with a dimension of 21.3×17.5 mm2 has been fabricated by the silicon micromachining technique. The chip is composed of 192 rectangular reaction chambers with the volume of 50 nL. In order to package the silicon-based PCR chip, a low-temperature bonding technique using polymers as the intermediate layers has been developed. The tested polymers include positive photoresist, polyimide, and epoxy. Using stamping and sandwich techniques, void-free and liquid-proof bondings of silicon to a glass cover were achieved with the three polymers. The experimental results of fluorescence-based PCR demonstrate that the DNA amplification can be performed in the chip arrays with nanoliter volumes and the polymer bonding technique is biocompatible and suitable for the microchip packaging.
28
Rayung, Marwah, Min Min Aung, Shah Christirani Azhar, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Mohd Sukor Su’ait, Azizan Ahmad, and Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil. "Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices: Insight into the Ionic Conductivity Performance." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040838.
Abstract:
With the continuing efforts to explore alternatives to petrochemical-based polymers and the escalating demand to minimize environmental impact, bio-based polymers have gained a massive amount of attention over the last few decades. The potential uses of these bio-based polymers are varied, from household goods to high end and advanced applications. To some extent, they can solve the depletion and sustainability issues of conventional polymers. As such, this article reviews the trends and developments of bio-based polymers for the preparation of polymer electrolytes that are intended for use in electrochemical device applications. A range of bio-based polymers are presented by focusing on the source, the general method of preparation, and the properties of the polymer electrolyte system, specifically with reference to the ionic conductivity. Some major applications of bio-based polymer electrolytes are discussed. This review examines the past studies and future prospects of these materials in the polymer electrolyte field.
29
Alentiev, Dmitry, Dariya Dzhaparidze, Natalia Gavrilova, Victor Shantarovich, Elena Kiseleva, Maxim Topchiy, Andrey Asachenko, et al. "Microporous Materials Based on Norbornadiene-Based Cross-Linked Polymers." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121382.
Abstract:
New microporous homopolymers were readily prepared from norbornadiene-2,5, its dimer and trimer by addition (vinyl) polymerization of the corresponding monomers with 60–98% yields. As a catalyst Pd-N-heterocyclic carbene complex or Ni(II) 2-ethylhexanoate activated with Na+[B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4]− or methylaluminoxane was used. The synthesized polynorbornenes are cross-linked and insoluble. They are glassy and amorphous polymers. Depending on the nature of the catalyst applied, BET surface areas were in the range of 420–970 m2/g. The polymers with the highest surface area were obtained in the presence of Pd-catalysts from the trimer of norbornadiene-2,5. The total pore volume of the polymers varies from 0.39 to 0.79 cm3/g, while the true volume of micropores was 0.14–0.16 cm3/g according to t-plot. These polymers gave CO2 uptake from 1.2 to 1.9 mmol/g at 273 K and 1 atm. The porous structure of new polymers was also studied by means of wide-angle X-ray diffraction and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.
30
Zhao, Lingling, Yifan Zhou, Jiaying Zhang, Hongze Liang, Xianwu Chen, and Hui Tan. "Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels: From Polymer to Biomedical Applications." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102514.
Abstract:
Hydrogels prepared from natural polymer have attracted extensive attention in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, wound healing, and regenerative medicine due to their good biocompatibility, degradability, and flexibility. This review outlines the commonly used natural polymer in hydrogel preparation, including cellulose, chitosan, collagen/gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid, starch, guar gum, agarose, and dextran. The polymeric structure and process/synthesis of natural polymers are illustrated, and natural polymer-based hydrogels including the hydrogel formation and properties are elaborated. Subsequently, the biomedical applications of hydrogels based on natural polymer in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and other biomedical fields are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of natural polymers and hydrogels based on them are discussed. For natural polymers, novel technologies such as enzymatic and biological methods have been developed to improve their structural properties, and the development of new natural-based polymers or natural polymer derivatives with high performance is still very important and challenging. For natural polymer-based hydrogels, novel hydrogel materials, like double-network hydrogel, multifunctional composite hydrogels, and hydrogel microrobots have been designed to meet the advanced requirements in biomedical applications, and new strategies such as dual-cross-linking, microfluidic chip, micropatterning, and 3D/4D bioprinting have been explored to fabricate advanced hydrogel materials with designed properties for biomedical applications. Overall, natural polymeric hydrogels have attracted increasing interest in biomedical applications, and the development of novel natural polymer-based materials and new strategies/methods for hydrogel fabrication are highly desirable and still challenging.
31
GONCHAR, А. N., and YU V. SAVELYEV. "MODIFICATION OF MONTMORILLONITE FOR OBTAINING NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON POLAR POLYMERS." Polymer journal 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.04.245.
Abstract:
This review covers almost all known categories of compounds used to modify montmorillonite to obtain nanocomposites based on polar polymers. Organic modifiers such as quaternary ammonium ions, quaternary phosphonium ions, amino acids and other organic compounds are commonly used to modify montmorillonite (MMT). The main directions of scientific research in this field are considered, namely the modification of MMT with ammonium surfactants, phosphonium surfactants, amino acids and nonionic surfactants. The review used 67 sources related to peer-reviewed publications, mostly from the last 10-15 years. The largest number of publications devoted to the modification of MMT was published in the period from 2004 to 2016. Nanocomposites based on epoxy resins are especially widely presented in the literature. Epoxy-based materials have been used for many years as convenient matrices for dispersing MMT due to the advantages of properties of the obtained polymer nanocomposites, such as mechanical strength, non-flammability and thermal stability. The methods of surface modification of MMT with organic modifiers considered in the article are a powerful tool for the production of polymer nanocomposite materials based on polar polymers. Amine modification of MMT allowed the formation of highly effective materials, in particular epoxy/MMT materials. These nanocomposites have demonstrated extraordinary material properties compared to virgin polymers and can therefore be used as an alternative to conventional materials such as steel and wood, reducing the cost and weight of products. Nanocomposites based on polar polymers occupy an important place among all polymer nanocomposites as modern materials used in the aerospace, automotive and electrical industries.
32
Correia, Daniela Maria, Liliana Correia Fernandes, Margarida Macedo Fernandes, Bruno Hermenegildo, Rafaela Marques Meira, Clarisse Ribeiro, Sylvie Ribeiro, Javier Reguera, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. "Ionic Liquid-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092401.
Abstract:
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been extensively explored and implemented in different areas, ranging from sensors and actuators to the biomedical field. The increasing attention devoted to ILs centers on their unique properties and possible combination of different cations and anions, allowing the development of materials with specific functionalities and requirements for applications. Particularly for biomedical applications, ILs have been used for biomaterials preparation, improving dissolution and processability, and have been combined with natural and synthetic polymer matrixes to develop IL-polymer hybrid materials to be employed in different fields of the biomedical area. This review focus on recent advances concerning the role of ILs in the development of biomaterials and their combination with natural and synthetic polymers for different biomedical areas, including drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, antimicrobial and antifungal agents, and biosensing.
33
Jovanovic, Slobodan, Zeljko Stojanovic, and Katarina Jeremic. "Polymers based on renewable raw materials." Chemical Industry 56, no. 11 (2002): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0211447j.
Abstract:
The basic raw materials for the chemical industry, which also means for polymer production, are mineral oil and natural gas. Mineral oil and natural gas resources are limited so that sooner or later they will be consumed. For this reason alternative, renewable raw materials for the chemical industry have become the object of intensive investigation all over the world. Some of the results of these investigations concerning renewable raw materials for the production of polymer materials are presented in this paper.
34
Zhou, Junfeng, Yangqing Tao, Xiaoyao Chen, Xingrong Chen, Linxuan Fang, Yuanqiang Wang, Jing Sun, and Qiang Fang. "Perfluorocyclobutyl-based polymers for functional materials." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 7 (2019): 1280–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00001a.
35
Alven, Sibusiso, Sijongesonke Peter, Zintle Mbese, and Blessing A. Aderibigbe. "Polymer-Based Wound Dressing Materials Loaded with Bioactive Agents: Potential Materials for the Treatment of Diabetic Wounds." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040724.
Abstract:
Diabetic wounds are severe injuries that are common in patients that suffer from diabetes. Most of the presently employed wound dressing scaffolds are inappropriate for treating diabetic wounds. Improper treatment of diabetic wounds usually results in amputations. The shortcomings that are related to the currently used wound dressings include poor antimicrobial properties, inability to provide moisture, weak mechanical features, poor biodegradability, and biocompatibility, etc. To overcome the poor mechanical properties, polymer-based wound dressings have been designed from the combination of biopolymers (natural polymers) (e.g., chitosan, alginate, cellulose, chitin, gelatin, etc.) and synthetic polymers (e.g., poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), polylactide, poly-glycolic acid, polyurethanes, etc.) to produce effective hybrid scaffolds for wound management. The loading of bioactive agents or drugs into polymer-based wound dressings can result in improved therapeutic outcomes such as good antibacterial or antioxidant activity when used in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Based on the outstanding performance of polymer-based wound dressings on diabetic wounds in the pre-clinical experiments, the in vivo and in vitro therapeutic results of the wound dressing materials on the diabetic wound are hereby reviewed.
36
Lamp, Anne, Martin Kaltschmitt, and Jan Dethloff. "Options to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Protein-Based Materials." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020446.
Abstract:
While bio-based but chemically synthesized polymers such as polylactic acid require industrial conditions for biodegradation, protein-based materials are home compostable and show high potential for disposable products that are not collected. However, so far, such materials lack in their mechanical properties to reach the requirements for, e.g., packaging applications. Relevant measures for such a modification of protein-based materials are plasticization and cross-linking; the former increasing the elasticity and the latter the tensile strength of the polymer matrix. The assessment shows that compared to other polymers, the major bottleneck of proteins is their complex structure, which can, if developed accordingly, be used to design materials with desired functional properties. Chemicals can act as cross-linkers but require controlled reaction conditions. Physical methods such as heat curing and radiation show higher effectiveness but are not easy to control and can even damage the polymer backbone. Concerning plasticization, effectiveness and compatibility follow opposite trends due to weak interactions between the plasticizer and the protein. Internal plasticization by covalent bonding surpasses these limitations but requires further research specific for each protein. In addition, synergistic approaches, where different plasticization/cross-linking methods are combined, have shown high potential and emphasize the complexity in the design of the polymer matrix.
37
Li, Fuchong, Wei Liu, Li Tian, Wei Cao, Xu Li, Junhong Guo, Jinfeng Cui, and Baoping Yang. "Chiral Binaphthol Fluorescent Materials Based on a Novel Click Reaction." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030629.
Abstract:
Because of easy functionalization, low cost, and large-scale fabrication, pure organic fluorescent polymers are widely applied in light-emitting display, bio-fluorescence-enhanced imaging, explosive detection, and other fields. Among these applications, due to their unique optical rotation characteristics, chiral fluorescent polymer materials are part of fluorescent polymers which could be used in chiral molecular detection and separation, biological target detection, etc. In this work, we designed and synthesized the first chiral organic fluorescent polysulfate materials through sulfur fluoride exchange polymerization (new click chemistry) by asymmetric binaphthol molecular. The chiral fluorescent polysulfate were synthesized by R/S [1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol(Binol.), propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene) bis(sulfurofluoridate) (FO2S–BA–SO2F) and 4,4′-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol(BA.) through step-by-step polymerization reaction under alkali present. It was found that the local crystallization of pure bisphenol A polysulfate was broken by the asymmetric axial chiral BINOL molecule inserted in it and let the polymer into the amorphous state. Fluorescent chiral molecules are uniformly dispersed in the polymer; the 120 µm film prepared by the film scraper was transparent and had good luminescence characteristics under ultraviolet light. After fluorescence detection, the excitation wavelength is 450 nm, and the emission wavelength is 480 and 517 nm.
38
Ovchinnikov, Vasily, Elena E. Mastalygina, and Petr Pantyukhov. "Investigation of Novel Polymer Composites Based on Recycled Multilayer Combined Packaging Materials." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.94.
Abstract:
Polymer composite based on multilayer combined packaging wastes was prepared and investigated. The composite was made of tetrahedral package wastes, where cardboard part was removed. It was found that obtained composite material has blended polymer matrix that consists of low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene and polypropylene. Melting temperature of individual polymers in composite shifts to lower temperatures than that of the initial components. It is the evidence of destruction process or interaction between polymers. The hard particles of aluminum and cellulose are uniformly distributed in the composite. For that reason, these particles do not reduce melt fluidity significantly. The tensile strength and elasticity modulus are higher for the obtained material compared to pure polyethylene. The results show a high potential for the use of the developed composite material.
39
Pan, Yuanfeng, Qiuyang Xia, and Huining Xiao. "Cationic Polymers with Tailored Structures for Rendering Polysaccharide-Based Materials Antimicrobial: An Overview." Polymers 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11081283.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial polymers have attracted substantial interest due to high demands on improving the health of human beings via reducing the infection caused by various bacteria. The review presented herein focuses on rendering polysaccharides, mainly cellulosic-based materials and starch to some extent, antimicrobial via incorporating cationic polymers, guanidine-based types in particular. Extensive review on synthetic antimicrobial materials or plastic/textile has been given in the past. However, few review reports have been presented on antimicrobial polysaccharide, cellulosic-based materials, or paper packaging, especially. The current review fills the gap between synthetic materials and natural polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, and cyclodextrin) as substrates or functional additives for different applications. Among various antimicrobial polymers, particular attention in this review is paid to guanidine-based polymers and their derivatives, including copolymers, star polymer, and nanoparticles with core-shell structures. The review has also been extended to gemini surfactants and polymers. Cationic polymers with tailored structures can be incorporated into various products via surface grafting, wet-end addition, blending, or reactive extrusion, effectively addressing the dilemma of improving substrate properties and bacterial growth. Moreover, the pre-commercial trial conducted successfully for making antimicrobial paper packaging has also been addressed.
40
Li, Guangwu, Chong Kang, Xue Gong, Jicheng Zhang, Weiwei Li, Cuihong Li, Huanli Dong, Wenping Hu, and Zhishan Bo. "5,6-Difluorobenzothiadiazole and silafluorene based conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaic cells." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 26 (2014): 5116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00340c.
41
Henning, Carolin, Anna Schmid, Sophia Hecht, Kathrin Harre, and Reinhard Bauer. "Applicability of Different Bio-based Polymers for Wiring Boards." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 63, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.13431.
Abstract:
The paper gives a review of experiments for the application of biodegradable, sustainable polymers as a wiring board material. In the paper two different biobased materials and the standard PCB materials FR4 and FR2 were compared. The investigations refer to mechanical, electrical performance, surface quality the flammability and applicability for Polymer Thick Film Technology (PTFT) of the biobased material. The biobased materials are polylactic acid (PLA) mixed with different contents of cellulose acetate (CA) or flame retardant zinc pyrophosphate (ZnPP) and polyurethane (PU) with CA. The results show that the addition of CA to the polymers leads to a change of different properties for PLA and to a significant change in mechanical properties for PU. The use of ZnPP in PLA shows major improvements regarding the flammability of the polymer. The properties of the samples are in the same order of magnitude as the properties of FR2.
42
Aliyeva Kamala, Aliyeva Kamala, and Verdiyev Nicat Verdiyev Nicat. "APPLİCATİON OF THE SİLK SMART MATERİALS İN BİOMEDİCAL." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 29, no. 06 (May 1, 2023): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei29062023-223.
Abstract:
The development of natural polymers into intelligent materials with exceptional functions and properties always involves the integration of both organic and inorganic components. Scientists would use ideas from nature to create the newest biomedical technology. Scientists have become more interested in the improvement of composite materials during the past few decades . A family of polymers known as "smart polymer materials" react to their surroundings and change their. Therefore, stimulus responsive polymers are those with specific physical or chemical properties. Depending on the physical state of polymer chains, the stimuli may include pH, salt, temperature, electric, magnetic, or optical field. These factors might cause a macroscopic response in materials. For tissue engineering, drug administration, gene therapy, and diagnostics, these intelligent biomaterial polymers serve as a "on-off" switch. This chapter's goal is to introduce readers to the fascinating world of silk-based smart polymers by outlining the present state of research in the subject as well as its potential for use in medical applications. Keywords: smart materials, biomedical technology, natural polymers
43
Hashim, Hazwani Suhaila, Yap Wing Fen, Nur Alia Sheh Omar, and Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi. "Sensing Methods for Hazardous Phenolic Compounds Based on Graphene and Conducting Polymers-Based Materials." Chemosensors 9, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100291.
Abstract:
It has been known for years that the phenolic compounds are able to exert harmful effects toward living organisms including humans due to their high toxicity. Living organisms were exposed to these phenolic compounds as they were released into the environment as waste products from several fast-growing industries. In this regard, tremendous efforts have been made by researchers to develop sensing methods for the detection of these phenolic compounds. Graphene and conducting polymers-based materials have arisen as a high potential sensing layer to improve the performance of the developed sensors. Henceforth, this paper reviews the existing investigations on graphene and conducting polymer-based materials incorporated with various sensors that aimed to detect hazardous phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dimethylphenol. The whole picture and up-to-date information on the graphene and conducting polymers-based sensors are arranged in systematic chronological order to provide a clearer insight in this research area. The future perspectives of this study are also included, and the development of sensing methods for hazardous phenolic compounds using graphene and conducting polymers-based materials is expected to grow more in the future.
44
Maraveas, Chrysanthos. "Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216129.
Abstract:
The fundamental objective of the review article was to explore the ecological sustainability of greenhouse covering material based on the following themes; considerations for greenhouse materials, properties of polymers and glass, additives, fillers, stabilizers and reinforcements, performance, Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance, phase change materials (PCMs), and environmental sustainability. A comparison of various polymers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, D-polymer, Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyolefins), and silica glasses illustrated that each type of greenhouse cladding material has its unique merits and limitations. The performance of silica glasses, PVC, polyolefins was influenced by weather, greenhouse design, plant under cultivation, percentage UV transmittance, incorporation of additives and stabilizers, reinforcements, and integration of photovoltaic panels into the greenhouse roof among other factors. Polymers can be customized to achieve 0%UV transmittance, slow-insecticide release, and anti-microbial properties. In contrast, glass materials are preferred based on suitable photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and near-infrared (NIR) reflection and less risk of photo-oxidation. From an ecological perspective, polymers can be recycled via mechanical and chemical recycling, closed-loop cycling, and polymerization of bio-based feedstock. However, post-consumer plastic films do not possess the same optical and energy properties as virgin polymers. The combined benefits of different polymers suggest that these materials could be adopted on a large scale over the long-term.
45
Li, Bixin, Shiyang Zhang, Lan Xu, Qiong Su, and Bin Du. "Emerging Robust Polymer Materials for High-Performance Two-Terminal Resistive Switching Memory." Polymers 15, no. 22 (November 10, 2023): 4374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15224374.
Abstract:
Facing the era of information explosion and the advent of artificial intelligence, there is a growing demand for information technologies with huge storage capacity and efficient computer processing. However, traditional silicon-based storage and computing technology will reach their limits and cannot meet the post-Moore information storage requirements of ultrasmall size, ultrahigh density, flexibility, biocompatibility, and recyclability. As a response to these concerns, polymer-based resistive memory materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation information storage and neuromorphic computing applications, with the advantages of easy molecular design, volatile and non-volatile storage, flexibility, and facile fabrication. Herein, we first summarize the memory device structures, memory effects, and memory mechanisms of polymers. Then, the recent advances in polymer resistive switching materials, including single-component polymers, polymer mixtures, 2D covalent polymers, and biomacromolecules for resistive memory devices, are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of polymer memory materials and devices are discussed. Advances in polymer-based memristors will open new avenues in the design and integration of high-performance switching devices and facilitate their application in future information technology.
46
Gong, Xue, Guangwu Li, Cuihong Li, Jicheng Zhang, and Zhishan Bo. "Benzothiadiazole based conjugated polymers for high performance polymer solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 40 (2015): 20195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06065f.
47
Azad, Mohammad A., Deborah Olawuni, Georgia Kimbell, Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza, Md Shahadat Hossain, and Tasnim Sultana. "Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124.
Abstract:
Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer–active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API–polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials–process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.
48
Gao, Yongfeng, Xue Li, and Michael J. Serpe. "Stimuli-responsive microgel-based etalons for optical sensing." RSC Advances 5, no. 55 (2015): 44074–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02306h.
Abstract:
Responsive polymers have found numerous applications over the years. This review highlights their use as components of photonic materials, with emphasis on responsive polymer-based etalons. The use of these materials for sensing and biosensing is detailed.
49
Korotneva, I. S., K. E. Dmitriev, and A. S. Mukhin. "BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER COMPOSITES MATERIALS BASED ON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AND NATURAL COMPONENTS." From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step 1, no. 1 (2020): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/27821900_2020_01_173.
50
Dmitriev, V., G. Baronin, and E. Sergeeva. "Experimental Determination of Polymers and Polymer-Based Composite Materials Diffusion Properties." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.401.
Abstract:
The widespread use of polymer composite materials makes it necessary to study their physical properties. Particular attention is given to polymers reacted with water and other low molecular weight compounds in their preparation as well as during operation. Most studies have been devoted in the diffusion properties of materials in the form of films, while operating materials often have a different shape, for example pellets. Well at small sizes of granules is impossible to use stationary methods. In this paper, the diffusion coefficient is determined by the zonal method based on the integration of the diffusion equation. A significant increase in the effective diffusion coefficient with an increase in the diffusant concentration associated with the plasticizing action of water was detected. Temperature-humidity dependence of diffusion effective coefficient is approximated by the refined formula which helps to calculate mass transfer process kinetics and carry out theoretical analysis of water diffuse properties in polymer matrix. With the movement of individual particles of polymer materials in real dryers, it is expedient to break the kinetic problem of mass transfer into external and internal one. The validity of the two-level consideration of the kinetic problem of granular polymer materials deep drying and the applicability of the data obtained for their diffusion properties are shown. The microkinetics of a single particle drying is considered, it is the determining condition for the accuracy of the kinetic calculation.