Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT'
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Dommanget, Cédric. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : le défi de l'éthylène." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10216/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis displays the controlled radical polymerization of ethylene at low temperature (70 °C) and low pressure (200 bar) and the synthesis of block copolymers featuring polyethylene segments. Four polymerization techniques, commonly used in macromolecular engineering, were studied: NMP, CMRP, RAFT/MADIX and ESCP. Our investigation of the use of SG1 nitroxide (NMP) and cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (CMRP) as controlling agents demonstrated their inability to control the polymerization of ethylene. Nonetheless, an unexpected reaction with cobalt (II) acetylacetonate was observed. The coupling reaction between propagating radicals appeared to be favored by the presence of this compound. On the other hand, the first controlled polymerization of ethylene was successfully achieved by using xanthate (RAFT/MADIX). A linear increase of molecular weight with conversion and low polydispersities were observed for the produced polyethylenes. The reaction was demonstrated to be a pseudo-living polymerization by the synthesis of block copolymers poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polyethylene. In addition, midchain-functionalized polyethylenes and ABA type block copolymers, with polystyrene or polyacrylate as the A block and polyethylene as the B block, were also prepared using nitrone based polymerization technique (ESCP)
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Full textTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Nicolaÿ, Renaud. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : application à la synthèse d'architectures macromoléculaires." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066347.
Full textKulai, Ihor. "Hétéro-éléments et nouveaux agents RAFT, synthèse et évaluation en polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30249.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the synthesis and evaluation of new heteroelement-based regulators for controlled radical polymerization. Thirteen new organophosphorus and organotin RAFT agents were synthesized. In particular, triarylstannanecarbodithioates were considered for the first time as chain transfer agents for the RAFT polymerization. The method of their synthesis was improved by the use of sodium naphthalenide for the reduction of triarylstannyl chlorides. This allowed us to reduce the time required for the synthesis and increase the yield of desired product. During the synthesis of desired products, new examples of intramolecular nucleophilic substitution were identified, namely fragmentation of bis(triarylstannyl-carbonothioyl)disulfides and dimerization of tri-p-tolylstannyl triphenylstannane-carbodithioates. These results are of particular importance for the extension of our knowledge about mechanisms of organic reactions. A new and improved methodology of investigation of thermal degradation and polymerization reactions was developed. It comprises performing reactions directly in NMR tubes while obtaining 1H, 19F, 31P and 119Sn NMR spectra in situ. This improvement allowed us to increase the accuracy of quantitative analysis while avoiding side reactions and losses of volatile compounds. Additionally, it decreases the expenditure of time and material resources. This methodology was used to establish relationships between the structures of triarylstannanecarbodithioates and their thermal stability. In particular, the introduction of electropositive tolyl groups increases stability by 30-40 %. Additionally, the kinetic parameters, structures of main products and possible mechanism of thermal degradation were identified. Based on the collected information we have concluded that alkyl triarylstannanecarbodithioates can be used for low temperature polymerizations or for the polymerization of highly reactive monomers (e.g. acrylamides). The efficiency of the synthesized compounds as chain transfer agents was confirmed by the use of model radical polymerizations. Structure-efficiency relationships were identified for phosphorylmethanedithioates and allowed us to propose two RAFT agents, namely 1-phenylethyl (dicyclohexylphosphoryl)-methanedithioate and 1-phenylethyl (di(piperidin-1-yl)phosphoryl)methanedithioate for future practical application. Heteronuclear 31P and 119Sn NMR were demonstrated to be powerful tools for monitoring of the polymerization process. An original functional organophosphorus RAFT agent with coumarin fluorophore was synthesized and evaluated in RAFT polymerization. Investigation of its fluorescent properties allowed us to identify a linear correlation between the intensity of fluorescence and the chain length of the synthesized polymers
Loiseau, Julien. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de type RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) de l'acide acrylique." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10049.
Full textRead, Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux copolymères thermoépaississants par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT/MADIX : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés rhéologiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30159.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis of watersoluble thermoassociative polymers by controlled radical copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT/MADIX. These statistical polymers are made of poly(acrylamide-stat- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrophilic backbone and Jeffamine® LCST side chains incorporated by copolymerisation of the corresponding acrylamido macromonomer. The intermolecular side chain associations in hydrophobic microdomains lead to thermothickening properties under constant shear rate. Synthesis parameters were optimized (temperature, solid content, transfer agent concentration) in order to obtain ultra-high molecular weight polymers with limited crosslinking mainly derived from undesirable transfer to polymer induced by Jeffamine® side chains. Thorough characterization methods, such as rheokinetic, dynamic rheology and size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering detection, were applied to determine which parameters were able to limit polymer crosslinking. The viscosifying properties were monitored in steady state rheology measurements in semi-dilute regime
Forero, Ramirez Laura Marcela. "Élaboration de nanocapsules par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée à partir d’un tensioactif réactif dérivé du dextrane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0086/document.
Full textBiocompatible nanocapsules (NCs) for intravenous administration of hydrophobic anticancer agents were produced by interfacial Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization. Controlled growth of polymeric grafts constituting NCs shell was obtained using a multi-reactive dextran-based transurf called DexN3-τCTAγ (acting both as macroRAFT agent and surfactant) to mediate RAFT polymerization at the liquid/liquid interface. NCs composed of a hydrophobic polymer shell (poly(methyl methacrylate)), an oily liquid core (Miglyol®810) and a hydrophilic polysaccharide coating (dextran) were obtained. These nano-objects were characterized in terms of size, dextran coverage (density, thickness and stability), colloidal stability and morphology. Synthesis of NCs with a pH-sensitive polymer shell was approached. Finally, potential of these nano-objects for biomedical applications was evaluated by studies on different aspects: i) encapsulation and delivery of a model active substance, ii) NCs cytotoxicity, iii) NCs interactions with plasma proteins, and iv) surface functionalization of NCs by “click chemistry”
Van-Straaten, Manon. "Dépôt de films minces de poly(méthacrylates) par iCVD : des mécanismes de croissance à la Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1154.
Full textRecent progress in micro and nanotechnologies require the development of new synthesis process for various material thin films. Polymers, thanks to their properties, are very interesting for fields like microelectronic or biomedical. To respond to this need, many Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technologies are studied. This work focuses on a new method called initied Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD). This deposition method gives many advantages as its soft operational conditions (solvent free, low temperature), versatility and conformity. In order to improve the understanding of synthesis mechanism in iCVD, the first part of this work is about the poly(methacrylates) thin films growth kinetic. The study reveals two-regime growth kinetics. A model for the growth mechanism based on the microscopic and macroscopic analysis of thin layers from the two regimes is proposed. The first regime, at the early stage of the growth, is characterized by a slow deposition rate and polymers with low molecular mass. When the second regime appears, the deposition rate is higher and constant and polymers have higher molecular mass. These evolutions could to be explain by the growth film ability to stock monomers and thus increase the local monomer concentration. Poly(methacryaltes) growth kinetics are also investigated on polymeric and porous organosilicate layers. It appears than iCVD is a deposition method that can fill nanometrics pores with polymer really quickly. Moreover, to have a better control on polymer synthesized by iCVD (molecular weight, macromolecular architecture), the possibility to used a Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) method with iCVD process is discussed. The last part of this work concerns the use of Reversible Addition Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization with the iCVD process thanks to silicon samples pre-functionalized with RAFT agent
Ho, The Hien. "Synthèse de copolymères thermosensibles par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT : caractérisation et étude de leur interaction avec des protéines." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752921.
Full textManguian, Maggy. "Synthèses de copolymères amphiphiles cationiques par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : études de quelques propriétés en milieu aqueux." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066439.
Full textAudureau, Nicolas. "Synthèse de (co)polymères à UCST par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par RAFT et étude de leur thermosensibilité dans l’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS299.pdf.
Full textOver the past decade, polymers exhibiting a UCST type behavior in water have gained more and more interest. Among them, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(Am-co-AN)) and poly(N- acryloyl glucinamide) are the most popular. They have been mainly studied for the develoment of new smart systems for biomedical applications. Yet, reproductibility of their synthesis to obtain polymers with the targeted phase transition temperature (TCP) is not always straightforward. In this thesis, we firstly completed previous studies available in the litterature on P(Am-co-AN) by synthesizing it in water using RAFT-controlled radical polymerization. We also developed a new familly of (co)polymers based on N-cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) and N-cyanoethylacrylamide (CEAm) exhibiting a UCST-type behavior in water covering a very large range of TCP (~20-85 °C). Moreover, we have shown that block copolymers composed of the former UCST type (co)polymers could be achieved with good polymerization control in water via the PISA-RAFT process using a poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAc) macroRAFT agent. The process allowed us to obtain thermoresponsive nano-objects of different morpholgies. Remarkably, in the case of PDMAc-b-P(Am- co-AN), we have shown the existence of a partially reversible worms-to-spheres morphological transition induced by heating of the medium. In the case of PDMAc-b-PCMAm diblock copolymers, we have shown that a large range of morphologies, namely spheres, worms and vesicles, was accessible
Poly, Julien. "Copolymérisation radicalaire réticulante contrôlée : application à la synthèse de nanogels en présence de xanthates et modélisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13650/document.
Full textAbstract
Houillot, Lisa. "Polymérisation par voie RAFT en dispersion organique : synthèse de copolymères à blocs et autoassemblage simultanés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812126.
Full textAbdelkader, Ouaiss. "Synthèse de nouveaux glycomonomères : étude de leur polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en milieu aqueux en présence d'un agent de transfert de type RAFT." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0048/these.pdf.
Full textWe report in the present work the syntheses of three new glycomonomers from isomaltulose via the carboxymethyl glycoside lactone intermediates. A preminary study of their polymerisation following a reversible addition-fragmentation transfer process is also reported. An azido function could be incporporated in the monomer either at position 2 or position 6 of the sugar, and the influence of this susbtitution on the polymerisation was briefly explored. The copolymerization or post modification of the functional glycopolymers has been described
Fuentes-Exposito, Mathieu. "Synthèse de latex de poly(fluorure de vinylidène) (PVDF) sans tensioactif à l’aide de la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de type RAFT." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1175.
Full textThis work describes the synthesis of self-stabilized PVDF particles by combining the advantages of emulsion polymerization with those of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) using the RAFT process. First, a commercial methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) carrying a hydroxyl function (PEG-OH) was used for the stabilization of PVDF particles. The stabilization is provided by irreversible transfer reactions occurring along the PEG-OH chains leading to the formation of a grafted copolymer stabilizer in situ. This PEG-OH was then chain-end functionalized to introduce a xanthate group (macroRAFT, PEG-X). The experiments carried out in the presence of this macroRAFT demonstrated a strong implication of the xanthate chain-end in the VDF emulsion polymerization process. Indeed, particle sizes of 200 nm and 70 nm were obtained in the presence of PEG-OH and PEG-X, respectively. This trend was confirmed during the study of the impact of various parameters such as the molar mass of the PEG chain or the initiator amount. Additional analyses (surface tension measurement and differential scanning calorimetry) allowed to compare the anchoring efficiency of PEG-X and PEG-OH. The macroRAFT amount was then increased to form particles composed of block copolymer. In-depth NMR analyses were then conducted to identify the species created during the VDF emulsion polymerization process in the presence of PEG-OH and PEG-X. In comparison, PEGs carrying reactive functions such as (meth)acrylate and thiol were used as stabilizers and their efficiencies compared to those of PEG-OH and PEG-X. The macroRAFT architecture was also varied using a difunctional macroRAFT (X-PEG-X) and a grafted polymer (PPEGA-X). Finally, PVDF latexes were synthesized with poly((meth)acrylic acid) (P(M)AA) functionalized by either a trithiocarbonate or a xanthate. Like previously, several parameters were varied such as the macromolecular chain length, the initiator amount and the macroRAFT amount. Again, these studies demonstrated the strong impact of the RAFT chain-end in the stabilization of PVDF particles
Lohmann, Jérôme. "COPOLYMÈRES À BLOCS « HYBRIDES » À BASE DE XYLOGLUCANE ET DE POLYMÈRE VINYLIQUE EN COMBINANT MODIFICATION CHIMIO-ENZYMATIQUE ET POLYMÉRISATION RADICALAIRE CONTRÔLÉE." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00495724.
Full textLohmann, Jérôme. "Copolymères à blocs « hybrides » à base de xyloglucane et de polymère vinylique en combinant modification chimio-enzymatique et polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10096.
Full textXyloglucan from tamarind seeds (XG) is a natural occurring polysaccharide. The association of the xyloglucan with a vinylic polymer part in an “hybrid” natural/synthetic block copolymer architecture gives the possibility to take advantages of its self-assembly in aqueous solution. We propose in this manuscript two synthetic strategies giving rise to “hybrid” block copolymers, based on chemo-enzymatic modification of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and controlled radical polymerization MADIX of vinylic monomers: acrylamide (Am), vinyl acetate (AcV), N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP). The “starting from” strategy consists in MADIX controlled radical polymerization of a vinylic monomer starting from a modified oligosaccharide bearing one/two polymerizable group(s). The “coupling onto” strategy consists in a coupling by “click chemistry” between vinylic polymer obtained by controlled radical polymerization of a chain transfer agent bearing an azide function and a modified oligosaccharide bearing an alkyne function. Four families of “hybrid” block copolymers were thus obtained (XG-b-PAm, PAm-b-XG-b-PAm, XG-b-PAcV, XG-b-PNVP). A previous physic-chemical study in solution of these copolymers has also been achieved suggesting the formation of polymersomes
Velasquez, Émilie. "Utilisation de la polymérisation RAFT pour la synthèse de latex de poly(chlorure de vinylidène) (PVDC) sans tensioactif." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10067/document.
Full textSince poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)-based copolymers present unique oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, they are a material of choice for pharmaceutical blisters and food packaging. PVDC-based latexes used in coating applications are generally stabilized by low molecular weight surfactants, which are prone to migration in the film after coating and cause material degradation. The main goal of our project is the synthesis of surfactant-free PVDC-based latexes by using hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (macroRAFT). The latter plays the role of precursor of stabilizer and limits migration phenomena by being covalently bound to particles. In a first part, RAFT polymerization of VDC was studied in homogenous solution. Well-defined statistical and amphiphilic blocks copolymers based on PVDC were synthesized. Then, PVDC-based latexes were obtained by emulsion polymerization mediated by hydrophilic non-ionic and pH sensitive macroRAFT pre-formed in organic solvent. Those hydrophilic segments were chemically anchored to the particles. A fully water-based process was developed by synthesizing in water pH sensitive and permanently charged hydrophilic macroRAFT which were further used directly in emulsion polymerization without additional purification. Stable PVDC-based latexes exhibiting solids content of 40 % were obtained using a very small quantity of macroRAFT, fulfilling the industrial requirements. Drying of self-stabilized latexes led to transparent films which display only a slight whitening after water exposition contrary to the commercial film reference and better barrier properties
Seiler, Lucie. "Synthèse de copolymères d'architecture contrôlée à motifs acide phosphonique : étude de leurs propriétés superplastifiantes dans des pâtes cimentaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30279/document.
Full textPhosphonic acid-functionalized polymers show great promise as superplasticizers in cement mixtures. Functional block copolymers were synthesized by RAFT/MADIX polymerization to obtain polymers of controlled molecular weight, architecture and composition. The principal monomer used was vinylphosphonic acid (VPA). The enhancement of the kinetics of VPA polymerization and the final yield was one of the aims of the thesis. Block copolymers were then synthesized using xanthate disulfide as a chain transfer agent. This new process enabled us to obtain complex structures that would be difficult to synthesize using a more conventional RAFT process. The effects of block copolymer adsorption on cement workability were assayed with reference to a commercially available phosphonated superplasticizer
Zhang, Wenjing. "Auto-assemblage de copolymères à blocs amphiphiles induit par la polymérisation : vers des édifices polymères à architecture, morphologie et propriétés contrôlées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10222/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers in homogenous and heterogenous media using RAFT polymerization (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer) and to study their self-assemblies in water. A one-pot process in water was developed for the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers that simultaneously to their growth self-assembled into nano-particles. This method called “polymerization-induced self-assembly” (PISA) allows the synthesis of large quantities of amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous media without any intermediate purification step. During this process, two successive polymerization steps are performed in the same reactor. The first step consists in the synthesis of the hydrophilic macromolecular RAFT agents (macroRAFT agents) possessing a trithiocarbonate reactive group via RAFT in water. Without purification, these macroRAFT agents are reactivated for the polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer in the same reactor via RAFT emulsion polymerization. The resulting amphiphilic block copolymers self-assembled into nano-objects with various morphologies (spherical micelles, nanofibers and vesicles). Different parameters (pH, temperature, natureof hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, solids contents, molar masse of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, etc) control these morphologies. Besides, the viscoelastic properties of polymeric nanofibers suspensions were studied as a function of the temperature. Below the Tg of polystyrene core at 25°C, the scaling law from viscoelastic behavior of these nanofiber suspensions the Doi−Edwards theory on the Brownian dynamics of rigid rods. Above Tg at 130°C, the nanofibers are flexible and it observed that their dynamics obey the power laws for polymer chains in solution
Mellot, Gaëlle. "Combinaison de la chimie supramoléculaire et de la PISA contrôlée par RAFT pour synthétiser des nanofibres dans l'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS245.pdf.
Full textNanofibers are particularly interesting structures since they can be used in numerous applications (e.g. stabilization of Pickering emulsions, reinforcement of water-based coatings, biomedical applications, catalysis). Despite the development of various preparation methods of nanofibers, there is nowadays no method allowing the formation of fibers of different natures, directly in water, at high solids contents. In this context, we have combined RAFT-mediated PISA and supramolecular chemistry by introducing a bis- or trisure a sticker in the structure of a macro-RAFT to favor the formation of nanofibers during the PISA process. It is known that such urea stickers can form unidirectional hydrogen bonding leading to the formation of filamentous assemblies. During the aqueous PISA process, hydrogen bonding should thus overrule the packing parameter predictions and drive the PISA toward the fiber morphology in robust experimental conditions. We proved our concept by synthesizing a series of aliphatic bisurea-functionalized amphiphilic copolymers made of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) by aqueous PISA. The study of the obtained nano-objects morphologies in water highlighted the formation of fibers in a broad range of experimental conditions. Finally, we investigated the robustness and the versatility of our strategy by varying the chemical nature and the size of the polymer blocks
Adjili, Salim. "Synthèse et caractérisation de sondes lipidiques macromoléculaires fluorescentes émettant dans le rouge lointain pour l'imagerie membranaire." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876655.
Full textMiguel-Arricau, Sophie. "Corrélation structure/propriété de polymères à base d'acrylamide pour des applications en récupération assistée des hydrocarbures (RAH)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04010751.
Full textThe knowledge of the physico-chemical properties of polymer solutions for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is crucial to optimize the process. The purpose of this work was to consolidate and complete an universal viscosity model depending on C[η] parameter. The later allows taking into account the degree of interpenetration of polymer chains (critical concentration, C*, diluted and semi-diluted solutions). Various polymer parameters have been studied as the effects of microstructures, polymer size (molar mass and dispersity) as well as chemical composition. A library of polymer models was elaborated by controlled radical polymerization (RADT/MADIX). Series of polyacrylamides, statistical and asymmetric copolymers of acrylamide-sodium acrylate and post-hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were synthesized and characterized by steric exclusion chromatography and capillary rheology and the analytical protocols and techniques were optimized. The effects of the microstructure onto dimensional, rheological and complexation physico-chemical properties were determined
Pray-In, Yingrak. "Azlactome funchionalization of magnetic nanoparticles using CRP techniques and their bioconjugation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1037/document.
Full textWe herein report the surface modification of magnetite nanoparticle (MNP) with copolymers containing active azlactone rings via a grafting ‘from’ and grafting ‘onto’ controlled radical polymerization (CRP) for use as a nano-solid support for immobilization with biomolecules. Three different approaches were presented as following. First, synthesis of poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-stat-2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEGMA-stat-VDM)-grafted MNP via a grafting ‘from’ atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and its application as a platform for conjugating thymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer were presented. The presence of polymeric shell and the immobilization of thymine PNA on MNP core were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The second strategy is based on the synthesis of MNP grafted with PEGMA and VDM via ATRP for conjugation with folic acid (FA). The existence of PEGMA and VDM in the structure was characterized by FTIR, TGA and VSM. After the FA conjugation, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results indicated that the FA-conjugated MNP having high VDM content exhibited good dispersibility in water.Third, the synthesis of MNP grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone) (PEO-b-PVDM) block copolymer via a grafting ‘onto’ strategy and its application as recyclable magnetic nano-support for adsorption with antibody were studied. PEO-b-PVDM diblock copolymers were first synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and then grafted onto amino-functionalized MNP. TEM images and photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS) indicated an improvement in the particle dispersibility in water after coating with the copolymers. The nanoclusters with PEO-b-PVDM copolymer coating were used as recyclable magnetic nano-supports for adsorption with antibody
Griveau, Lucie. "Emulsion polymerization in the presence of reactive PEG-based hydrophilic chains for the design of latex particles promoting interactions with cellulose derivatives." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1329/document.
Full textIn this thesis, polymer particles surface-functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) groups were synthesized to promote their interaction with cellulose derivatives via intermolecular hydrogen bond. Two synthetic routes were proposed to obtain such cellulose/latex composites.The first route was based on the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) to form functionalized polymer nanoparticles prior to adsorption onto cellulosic substrate. PISA takes advantage of the formation of amphiphilic block copolymers in water by combining emulsion polymerization with reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques. The latter were used to synthesize well-controlled hydrophilic polymer chains, acting as both precursor for the emulsion polymerization of a hydrophobic monomer, and stabilizer of the final latex particles. Two RDRP techniques were investigated: reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP). Low molar mass PEG-based hydrophilic polymers have been synthesized using both techniques, used for the polymerization of a hydrophobic block in water. The transfer of controlling agent at the locus of the polymerization was challenging for SET-LRP in emulsion conditions leading to surfactant-free large particles. Nanometric latex particles were obtained via RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization, with morphology change from sphere to fibers observed depending on the size of the hydrophobic segment, which were then able to be adsorbed onto cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs).The second route used conventional emulsion polymerization performed directly in presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) leading to Pickering-type stabilization of the polymer particles. Cellulose/particle interaction was provided thanks to the addition of PEG-based comonomer. Original organization emerged where CNCs were covered by several polymer particles
Chauvin, Florence Marie. "Matériaux acryliques nanostructurés par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11041.
Full textBenoit, Didier. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en présence de radicaux nitroxyde." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10581.
Full textLutz, Jean-François. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en présence de radicaux nitroxydes." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20180.
Full textGrimaldi, Sandra. "Nitroxydes beta-phosphorés : application à la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30093.
Full textBertin, Denis. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : synthèses de copolymères à architecture contôlée." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20058.
Full textFarcet, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes en miniémulsion aqueuse." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066133.
Full textRobin, Sophie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en présence de radicaux nitroxyle phosphorés." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12338.
Full textAsgarzadeh, Firouz. "Synthèse et caractérisation de réseaux polymères par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10342.
Full textOtazaghine, Belkacem. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée de l'[alpha]-fluoroacrylate de n-butyle." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20137.
Full textChevalier, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : applicabilité et développements nouveaux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12738.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the nitroxide mediated free-radical polymerization, system developed by ATOFINA company. Previous works showed that N-tert-butyl-1-diethyl phosphono-2,2-dimethyl propyl nitroxide (SG1) was very efficient in the controlled radical polymerization of styrene and acrylates. The initial purpose of this work dealt with the investigation of the impact of dilution on the control. Studies were conducted in order to determine the rate constant of recombination (kt) and the concentration of dead chains. In the next step we developed a new method to remove the alkoxyamine extremity of the polymers with a perspective towards an industrial application for such polymerizations. This has been achieved with the aid of a-methylstyrene above its ceiling temperature. This monomer surprisingly entails a chain reversible coupling which was precisely studied in the third chapter. Then, we showed that a-methylstyrene and its derivatives are able to behave as a controlling agent of the free radical copolymerizations via this mechanism
Ruiz, Guerrero Maria del Rosario. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée à base de complexes de métaux de transition." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10046.
Full textMarchand, Jessica. "Synthèse de nouveaux nitroxydes et application à la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11027.
Full textNitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) is now recognized as an efficient route to prepare well defined polymers in a convenient way. Up to now, the most potent nitroxide reported in the field of NMP is the b-phosphorylated nitroxide SG1 developed by Tordo et al. In collaboration with ARKEMA. However, this nitroxide is too cossly to consider its use for the preparation of polymers for popular consumer goods. So, the main objective in this thesis is the development a nitroxide that may overcome this limitation. Based on of structure / activity correlations developed in the laboratory, we have considered various structures of nitroxides that would answer to the specification required. Our attention was focused on three specific nitroxides: ETHEXNO which has a linear β-phosphorylated nitroxide and BIPNO and MIPNO which have linear aliphatic nitroxides. The synthesis of these nitroxides has to be available to industrial scale; therefore a synthesis through an imine was preferred and has been developed. The alcoxyamines MAMA and styryl of these nitroxides have been synthesized, characterized, and their efficiencies have been evaluated in the NMP of styrene and n-butylacrylate. The ration of living chains polymer formed was also determined and it has been shown an influence on the half-life time of the nitroxide
Stoffelbach, François. "Etudes de processus de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des complexes de molybdène." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS030.
Full textOrganometallic and coordination complexes of molybdenum (Mo) have been studied in controlled radical polymerisation. A new tunable family of CpMoX2L2 complexes (L2 = R2-diazadiene; X = Cl, I) active in ATRP has been introduced. The ATRP method with organometallic Mo complexes has been extended successfully to acrylate monomers and to a PMA-b-PS block copolymer. A reasonable hypothesis for the role of Al(OiPr)3 on the ATRP rate has been formulated. A relationship between electronic structure and Al(OiPr)3 catalysis for the halogen exchange between ATRP catalyst and initiator has been dicovered. New and simpler syntheses of the commonly used MoCl4(Et2O)2 and MoCl3(THF)3 starting materials have been optimized. Simple (non organometallic) coordination compouds of Mo(III) are effective for the ATRP of styrene. New organometallic compounds of Mo(II) containing a diazadiene ligand have been synthesized; complex CpMo(CO)2(iPr2-dad)+,I- is capable of controlling the radical polymerisation of methyl acrylate
Destarac, Mathias. "Etude des mécanismes de la polymériation radicalaire contrôlée. Application à la synthèse de copolymères à architecture contrôlée." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20147.
Full textDronet, Séverin. "Matériaux nanostructurés obtenus par combinaison de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée et de mélangeage réactif." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430883.
Full textDire, Charlotte. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle par le nitroxyde SG1 en émulsion." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066036.
Full textThe nitroxide SG1-mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved at 90 °C with high conversion and high quality of control by introducing a small amount of styrene. Chainend analysis of the resulting copolymers has shown the presence of SG1-based alkoxyamine, supporting the livingness of the macromolecules. In particular, it was shown that the alkoxyamine endgroup was connected to a single styrene terminal unit and that the methyl methacrylate penultimate unit had a strong effect on the temperature of dissociation. Consequently, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a low molar proportion of styrene could be performed at temperatures below 90 °C. It was moreover demonstrated that -hydrogen transfer from propagating PMMA radical to the nitroxide SG1 cannot be completely ruled out and the rate constant was determined to be kHtr = 1. 69 103 L. Mol-1. S-1. The copolymerization strategy was then successfully applied to the polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and the resulting living P(MAA-co-S)-SG1 copolymers were further used as water-soluble macroinitiators for the surfactant-free, ab initio, batch, emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene, in alkaline conditions at temperature below 90 °C. The polymerizations were well-controlled, with a very high initiating efficiency, due to the high dissociation rate constant of the macroalkoxyamines. It led to the in situ formation of amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assembled into small particules with diameter below 100 nm, according to a polymerization-induced micellization process
Delplace, Vianney. "Synthèse de polymères vinyliques pégylés dégradables par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114835/document.
Full textNanomedicine, especially for cancer treatment, has attracted much interest over the last fifteen years, developing innovative strategies for targeting diseased tissues. Further improvements of these approaches will require advanced new materials affording versatility, functionalities and specific physico-chemical properties, all advantages offered by the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques. These radical polymerizations already showed their great potential through various efficient anticancer polymer nanocarriers but all lacking of degradability, which may hinder any actual developments.Anticipating the needs, this project focused on the synthesis of degradable PEG-based polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), as an early stage in the usual process of nanocarrier design. To do so, NMP of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA) has been for the first time combined to the radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of various cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs), known as ester precursors.Among three CKAs tested, 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) has shown a unique ability to copolymerize with methacrylate derivatives, likely due to a styrene-like open structure allowing for its use in NMP. Through a careful study of the control and livingness properties of these copolymers, MPDL was also demonstrated to be the first degradable controlling comonomer for polymethacrylate synthesis. The degradability of the resulting PEG-based copolymers was proven to be proportional to the adjustable amount of MPDL inserted, up to complete degradation. These copolymers showed no cytotoxic effect on various cell types (fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages), and an additional study of the innocuousness of their degradation products led to similar results, underlining their potential biocompatibility which, if confirmed, would allow these materials to be used for biomedical applications.A second project about a new azlactone-functionalized SG1-based alkoxyamine (AzSG1) was also set up, as initiator for the synthesis of functionalizable polymers by NMP. Using the AzSG1 alkoxyamine, the NMP of styrene, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate were successfully performed, as well as a quantitative coupling of benzylamine as proof of concept. In the near future, making use of this functionalizable initiator for copolymerizing MeOEGMA with MPDL may allow the easy synthesis of functionalized degradable copolymers by NMP, for bioconjugation and drug delivery applications
Gaillard, Nicolas. "Nouveaux tensioactifs par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : synthèse, application et interactions avec les épaississants associatifs." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10031.
Full textRayeroux, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'iode en mode inverse (RITP) : Synthèse de copolymères amphiphiles." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0025/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). Firstly, homopolymers derived from activated (styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), non-activated (vinyl acetate) and functional monomers (chloromethylstyrene, tert-butyl acrylate) synthesized by RITP, were studied. Aspects including molecular weight control as well as iodine chain-end functionality were investigated. In order to highlight the compatibility of RITP with other living/controlled (non-radical) polymerization techniques, a poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-P(MOx)) non-ionic copolymer was conceived through an ‘all-iodine', ‘one-pot' process by combining successively RITP of styrene with cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Besides, poly(styrene)-b-poly(chloromethylstyrene) quaternized with triethylamine (PS-b-PCMS+) cationic copolymers and poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA-) anionic copolymers were elaborated by RITP of styrene, followed by ITP of the hydrophilic moiety. All these amphiphilic copolymers were obtained from iodine-bearing chain-end poly(styrene) (PS-I) of low molecular weights, in the range of values of 1000 to 3000 g.mol-1, playing the role of macro-initiators (CROP) or macro-transfer agents (ITP). Studies of the self-assembly of these amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous phases revealed the formation of micelles for concentrations superior to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The latter value was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, highly-promising results were obtained in the use of PS-b-PCMS+ cationic copolymers as structuring agents meant for the elaboration of nanostructured, mesoporous silica-based materials through the sol-gel process in basic medium. Both the synthesis of the amphiphilic copolymers and their physico-chemical characterizations have evidenced that RITP fosters the synthesis of different categories of amphiphilic copolymers, while being a simple, cheap and robust technique
Guegain, Elise. "Prodrogues Polymères Dégradables par Polymérisation Radicalaire par Ouverture de Cycle Contrôlée par les Nitroxydes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS569.
Full textNitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of methacrylic esters and cyclic ketene acetals was investigated and enabled the synthesis of well-defined degradable vinyl copolymers containing ester groups along the main chain, whose amount was readily adjusted by changing the initial comonomer feed. More specifically, the copolymerizations of 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) and either oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were initiated by an alkoxyamine initiator based on the SG1 nitroxide. It led to a library of P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) and P(MMA-co-MPDL) materials that were hydrolytically degraded under both accelerated and physiological conditions. Their hydrolytic degradation kinetics were also benchmarked against traditional polyesters (e.g., PLGA, PLA and PCL) where P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) copolymers showed tunable degradation rates as function of the MPDL content, being in between those of PLA and PCL. Conversely, the more hydrophobic P(MMA-co-MPDL) copolymers exhibited much slower hydrolysis than that of PCL. In a second step, a new class of degradable polymer prodrugs was developed by nitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of MPDL with OEGMA or MMA, from a drug-bearing initiator (‘drug-initiated’ method). To do so, Gemcitabine, an anticancer drug, was derivatized with a SG1-based alkoxyamine to initiate the copolymerization reaction. The resulting degradable polymer prodrugs exhibited interesting characteristics in terms of drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity, depending on the nature of the methacrylic ester used, the nature of the linker between the drug and the polymer and the MPDL content. This study enabled us to extract important structure-activity relationships of great importance for further development
Nicolas, Julien. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée en milieux aqueux dispersés : utilisation d' Alcoxyamines hydrosolubles à base SG1." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066531.
Full textBurguiere, Carine. "Synthèse de copolymères à blocs amphiphiles ioniques par polymérisation radicalaire contr^olée : utilisation comme stabilisants en polymérisation radicalaire en émulsion." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066402.
Full textLefay, Catherine. "Copolymérisation statistique du styrène et de l'acide acrylique contrôlée par le nitroxyde SG1 : application comme stabilisant en milieu aqueux dispersé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066055.
Full textParvole, Julien. "Formation de brosses d'élastomères sur surfaces siliciées : Utilisation de la Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée par l'intermédiaire de nitroxydes." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3021.
Full textThe main objective consisted of generating elastomer brushes via Controlled Radical Polymerization on silica substrates. In the case of the silica particles, we identified the specific characteristics of the CRP at the surface and showed the effectiveness of this tool in forming polyacrylate thin layers on porous substrates. In addition, a direct comparison of the polymer populations (grafted and free polymers) highlighted some differences. Indeed, the kinetic of polymerization starting from the surface were slower than in the volume, allowing a better control of the former. With regard to silicon wafers, the application of this system enabled us to obtainh high grafting density. Moreover, the results showed a living/controlled character of the radical polymerization starting from the surface. This type of radical polymerization thus represents an effective tool for the formation elastomers brushes
Fournier, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome (ATRP) de la diméthylvinylazlactone : application à l'élaboration de supports réactifs." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1002.pdf.
Full textAmong the controlled/living radical polymerization techniques, ATRP has been extensively investigated since it provides well-defined polymers with controlled topology and functionality. However, the ATRP requires the presence of a transition metal complex such as copper complex, which contaminates the final polymer. Our works are based on the decrease of the copper residue in the final polymer. Our study is focalised on the immobilisation of a ligand able to complex copper onto solid supports. 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM) and styrene have been copolymerized by ATRP onto Wang resin prealably converted into an ATRP initiator. The supported (co)polymers containing a bromine chain-end and azlactone rings were modified by an amine used as ligand for copper bromide immobilization. Resulting supported ligands were studied through heterogeneous copper-mediated living radical polymerization. The application of those supported (co)polymers has been extended as nucleophilic scavengers and these original solid supports showed a very good behavior towards the reactivity with primary amine