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Academic literature on the topic 'Polymérisation par transfert d’électrons'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymérisation par transfert d’électrons"
Casanova, Marion. "Conception et évaluation de vecteurs polymériques d'iminium N-hétérocyclique à activité antiplasmodiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/230324_CASANOVA_795kpzkf736jdsb801go615hzgclu_TH.pdf.
Full textDrug delivery has emphasised real pharmacological and pharmacokinetic advancements. Nevertheless, few in-depth and original studies have been conducted on antimalarial vectors. Only approved drugs, for which the parasites have developed resistance mechanisms, have been used in vectorization. The conditions and costs of preparation of these nanoformulations constitute a major barrier to their future production. This project aimed at developing nanovectors for the delivery of new antiparasitic drugs, while relying on a both accessible and innovative "click" synthesis strategy. First, the antimalarial efficiency of new N-heterocyclic iminium salts was evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for malaria. Bis-aminopyridinium salts proved to be the most promising candidates with sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activities and an original mechanism of action, probably related to their strong redox properties. Secondly, the vectorization of these bis-aminopyridinium drug candidates was undertaken through preparation of polymer-drug conjugate nanovectors. The latter were obtained via a simple strategy, consisting in the use of the bis-aminopyridinium salt as polymerization initiator of its own nanovector. The SAR study underlined the need for a first acrylate block and spherical arrangements on the activity. Hence, a soluble, biodegradable, and stealth triblock system with sizes lower than 100 nm and enabling the delivery of 5 mol% of drug, showed effective antiplasmodial activity, without any cytotoxic effect
Morandi, Gaëlle. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés par combinaison de polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome (ATRP) et de polymérisation par ouverture de cycle par métathèse (ROMP)." Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1012.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is the synthesis of graft copolymers based on a poly(buta-1,4-diene) backbone by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Two synthetic approaches were developed: the grafting through and the grafting from methods. Original cyclobutenic inimers were first synthesized and their efficiency as ATRP initiator was studied. They were then engaged in ATRP of styrene and tert-butyle acrylate (tBA) to access well-defined (alpha)-cyclobutenyl PS and PS-b-PtBA macromonomers. ROMP of these macromonomers has conducted to well-defined PB-g-(PS-b-PtBA) graft copolymers through an original combination between ROMP, ATRP and grafting through strategy never reported before. The grafting from strategy was also developed. ROMP of cyclobutenic inimers was first conducted, leading to polyfunctional PB backbones of various sizes. A range of well-defined high molecular weight PB-g-PtBA graft copolymers was then synthesized by initiation of ATRP from these PB backbones. Finally, a first attempt of ROMP of norbornene in aqueous media stabilized by original (alpha)-cyclobutenyl PS-b-PAA macromonomers was also conducted. This experiment has led to promising results
Desbois, Marie-Hélène. "Réactions organométalliques catalysées par transfert d'électron et application à la polymérisation des alcynes terminaux." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10586.
Full textRayeroux, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'iode en mode inverse (RITP) : Synthèse de copolymères amphiphiles." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0025/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). Firstly, homopolymers derived from activated (styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), non-activated (vinyl acetate) and functional monomers (chloromethylstyrene, tert-butyl acrylate) synthesized by RITP, were studied. Aspects including molecular weight control as well as iodine chain-end functionality were investigated. In order to highlight the compatibility of RITP with other living/controlled (non-radical) polymerization techniques, a poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-P(MOx)) non-ionic copolymer was conceived through an ‘all-iodine', ‘one-pot' process by combining successively RITP of styrene with cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Besides, poly(styrene)-b-poly(chloromethylstyrene) quaternized with triethylamine (PS-b-PCMS+) cationic copolymers and poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA-) anionic copolymers were elaborated by RITP of styrene, followed by ITP of the hydrophilic moiety. All these amphiphilic copolymers were obtained from iodine-bearing chain-end poly(styrene) (PS-I) of low molecular weights, in the range of values of 1000 to 3000 g.mol-1, playing the role of macro-initiators (CROP) or macro-transfer agents (ITP). Studies of the self-assembly of these amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous phases revealed the formation of micelles for concentrations superior to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The latter value was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, highly-promising results were obtained in the use of PS-b-PCMS+ cationic copolymers as structuring agents meant for the elaboration of nanostructured, mesoporous silica-based materials through the sol-gel process in basic medium. Both the synthesis of the amphiphilic copolymers and their physico-chemical characterizations have evidenced that RITP fosters the synthesis of different categories of amphiphilic copolymers, while being a simple, cheap and robust technique
Fournier, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome (ATRP) de la diméthylvinylazlactone : application à l'élaboration de supports réactifs." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1002.pdf.
Full textAmong the controlled/living radical polymerization techniques, ATRP has been extensively investigated since it provides well-defined polymers with controlled topology and functionality. However, the ATRP requires the presence of a transition metal complex such as copper complex, which contaminates the final polymer. Our works are based on the decrease of the copper residue in the final polymer. Our study is focalised on the immobilisation of a ligand able to complex copper onto solid supports. 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM) and styrene have been copolymerized by ATRP onto Wang resin prealably converted into an ATRP initiator. The supported (co)polymers containing a bromine chain-end and azlactone rings were modified by an amine used as ligand for copper bromide immobilization. Resulting supported ligands were studied through heterogeneous copper-mediated living radical polymerization. The application of those supported (co)polymers has been extended as nucleophilic scavengers and these original solid supports showed a very good behavior towards the reactivity with primary amine
Geagea, Roland. "Étude de nouveaux agents de transfert et monomères phosphorés en polymérisation RAFT." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3056/.
Full textReversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) method which offers a great potential for tailor-making polymers under process conditions suitable for large industrial production. Its principle is based on the use of thiocarbonyl thio reversible chain transfer agents of general structure RS(C=S)Z. The transfer ability of the RAFT agent is markedly affected by the nature of its Z group, as exemplified in several studies for dithioesters, dithiocarbamates, trithiocarbonates and xanthates (MADIX agents). The subject addressed in this research focuses on radical polymerization by RAFT with the objective to develop new phosphorus RAFT agents capable of modulating radical polymerization. Also, the study of phosphorus hydrophilic monomers like vinyl phosphonic acid was achieved by RAFT / MADIX. The first chapter is devoted to the "state of the art" in the field of RDRP with a review of major types of radical polymerization by reversible deactivation existing at the moment, with special emphasis on the processes called "RAFT/MADIX" used in this research. The second chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of two types of phosphorus RAFT agents such as metallocarbonyl diphenylphosphinecarbodithioates (M-RAFT), phosphinoyl and (thiophosphinoyl) carbodithioates (PX-RAFT). The third chapter presents the evaluation of these phosphorus compounds in the RAFT/MADIX polymerization of various known monomers as styrene, acrylates like n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylamido like tert-butyl acrylamide and vinyl acetate. The last chapter deals with the study of vinylphosphonic acid by RAFT/MADIX
Castignolles, Patrice. "Cinétique de la polymérisation radicalaire des acrylates par polymérisation par LASER pulsé et chromatographie d'exclusion stérique multi-détection (PLP-SEC) : analyse critique." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066045.
Full textFall, Arona. "Donneurs d’électrons organiques : développement d’un nouveau système catalytique photoredox." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0607.
Full textDuring this last decade, the reactivity of enamine-based organic electron donor (OED) has been widely explored in electron transfer processes. With exceptionally negative redox potentials, OEDs spontaneously promote single (SET) or double electron transfer (DET) to an organic substrate, to form radical or anionic intermediates. However, the use of stoichiometric amount of OEDs limits their competitivity compared to their organometallic and organic catalysts. This thesis project consisted in developing a new catalytic system with OEDs. Different strategies were envisaged. In a first method a catalytic amount of OED would initiate the electron transfer to reduce the substrate. The oxidation of the generated radical intermediate would allow the regeneration of OED. Unfortunately, this strategy was unsuccessful. The second strategy would consist in regenerating the OED from its air-stable oxidized form OED2+ and a sacrificial electron donor (tertiary amine, sodium dithionite or Rongalite®) under photoactivation. Several optimizing steps allowed the development of a new efficient catalytic photoredox system with the oxidized form as photocatalyst and Rongalite® as sacrificial electron donor. This new photoredox catalytic system was applied to the reduction of various functionals groups (sulfone, aryl halide and triflate) by single electron transfer (SET) and double electron transfer (DET). The reactivity of the photocatalytic system was also explored in radical addition reactions
Angot, Stéphanie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome : synthèse et caractérisation de (co)polymères en étoile et dendritiques." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10589.
Full textDupayage, Ludovic. "Élaboration contrôlée de glycopolymères amphiphiles à partir de polysaccharide : synthèse de Dextrane-g-PMMA par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL011N/document.
Full textSynthesis of the new comb-like amphiphilic glycopolymer dextran-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) was obtained thanks to an Atom Transfert Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In order to control the macromolecular parameters of these biocompatible and partly biodegradable glycopolymers, the “grafting from” strategy was applied using two different multi-step pathways. The first one is composed of four steps: partial acetylation of dextran hydroxyl groups; introduction of initiator groups convenient for ATRP; ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide; acetyl group deprotection under mild conditions. The second pathway allows us to obtain such glycopolymers in only two steps: direct introduction of the same initiator groups onto the dextran chain and subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step enabled us to estimate the length of the dextran backbone and to assure the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Preliminary interfacial tension measurements highlighted the surfactant properties of such glycopolymers