Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymères – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Ravion, Olivier. "Modélisation de la synthèse de polymères par fonctionnalisation statistique : cas d'un polymère synthétique : un polystrène substitué "DNA-like" et de polymères naturels : l'héparine et les héparanes sulfates." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132013.
Full textVettorel, Thomas. "Polymer crystallization studies by computer simulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/VETTOREL_Thomas_2005.pdf.
Full textSemi-crystalline polymers are of great interest for industrial purposes, and the complex structures they involve as well as the mechanisms leading to the formation of crystals make their study very challenging. We investigated polymer crystallization by computer simulation via different methods: An atomisticly detailed model was used to reproduce the crystalline structure of short alkanes at low temperature, and continuous heating simulations gave rise to a transient phase that is well characterized in experiments. The same realistic model was used to simulate continuous cooling of the melt, but could not yield crystalline structures in a limited simulation time. In order to reproduce efficiently the characteristic features of semi-crystalline polymers, we used another simulation model which addresses larger length and time scales: This coarse-grained model allowed us to study the crystallization phenomenon in detail with several order parameters to characterize the crystal and its time evolution. The detailed study of the structure factors of the high-temperature melt has also been investigated so as to determine the influence of the liquid phase structure on crystal formation. These different studies yield a better understanding of the influence on crystallization of the various parameters entering the definitions of the simulation models
Crevel, François. "Simulations numériques des polymères vivants." Strasbourg 1, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/CREVEL_Francois_2007.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we explore the static and dynamical properties of equilibrium polymers, polymers systems being able to cut and recombine themselves, in three and two dimensions. We confirmed recents results about Flory's ideality hypothesis in dense regime in three dimensions and mesured the effects of of this correction on equilibirum polymers. We also studied the dynamic of scission et recombination et showed the existence of the predicted regime of controled diffusion. In the two dimensional systems, we show measure ment of critical exponents predicted in recent theories
Sahraoui, Sohbi. "Effets dynamiques dans les essais de rupture aux grandes vitesses de chargements : Etude de quelques polymères." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10612.
Full textGoujon, Florent. "Simulations numériques mésoscopiques de brosses de polymères sous compression et cisaillement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21459.
Full textArnold, Céline. "Formation de films minces polymères à partir de nanocolloides composites." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the formation of waterborne polymer films and is part of the integrated European project Napoleon (NAnostructured waterborne POLymEr films with OutstaNding properties). Two main topics were investigated: the drying mechanisms and the distribution of the surfactant in the latexes and the dry films. The effect of some relevant physicochemical parameters (composition, size of the particles, pH of the latex) has been studied on a range of homogeneous and composite (containing a mineral filler: laponite or montmorillonite) acrylic latexes stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The surface of the dry films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The bulk of the films was investigated during drying by magnetic resonance profiling (MRP) and in the dry state by confocal Raman spectroscopy in order to obtain essentially the distribution of the surfactant. A model based on the transport and the diffusion of the surfactant during drying has been developed to explain the formation of SDS aggregates in the films. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the adsorption/desorption of the surfactant at the water/particle interface in a drying latex
Mesmacque, Alexandre. "Étude de l'endommagement des polymères en transport pneumatique." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-326.pdf.
Full textRavier, Jérôme. "Observation de la mésostructure de composites polymères/noir de carbone par microscopie en champ proche." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12345.
Full textVintimiglia, Anne-Sophie. "Implémentation d'une cinétique de cristallisation des polymères dans une simulation numérique bidimensionnelle par éléments finis : application à l'injection des thermoplastiques et au procédé push-pull." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0868.
Full textMercier, Daniel. "Simulation par la méthode des éléments finis du thermoformage de plaques épaisses." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1429.
Full textRottereau, Manuel. "Agrégation, percolation et séparation de phase d'une assemblée de sphères dures browniennes adhésives : approche par simulation hors réseau." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1003.pdf.
Full textThe complex fluids form a class of materials exhibiting a large originality in their static and dynamic properties which results from the chemical structure of the constituting elementary particles and their spatial organization in particular on mesoscopic scales. These systems often involve phenomena of aggregation, gelation and/or phase separation due to the interactions between their constituents. The objective of this thesis is to understand and model the formation of these structures and their way of filling the space by monitoring these processes by computer simulations. These simulations are based on off-lattice hard spheres models which can mimic for example an assembly of spherical micelles in attractive or repulsive interactions
Nguyen, Minh Quan. "Simulation numérique des interactions fluides-polymères dans le cadre d'une turbulence homogène isotrope." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC026/document.
Full textNo abstract
Schnell, Benoît. "Etude par simulation numérique de la transition vitreuse et de l'état vitreux de polymères denses amorphes : Propriétés mécaniques et phénomène de cavitation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SCHNELL_Benoit_2006.pdf.
Full textCocaud, Julie. "Vieillissement humide de matériaux composites de pales d’hélicoptères : caractérisations et modélisations, de l'échelle de la résine à celle d'assemblages multi-matériaux." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4065.
Full textExposure of a polymer matrix composite (PMC) structure to a wet environment can affect its durability due to moisture diffusion. This phenomenon is so called wet ageing (WA). This study focuses on the WA of helicopter blades PMCs. In order to qualify the diffusive behavior of these structures, a multi-scale characterization campaign was carried out. Helicopter blades materials were subjected to severe environmental conditions. Consistent hygro-mechanical behaviors were obtained regarding the different scales of materials (resins, composite materials, multi-material assemblies). The materials constitutive laws were determined from the experimental results. Also, the associated hygroscopic parameters were identified. Afterwards, a numerical study made it possible to model the water diffusion within a multi-material assembly based on the diffusive parameters of the constituent materials. The interfacial conditions were defined and validated by comparing numerical and experimental results. Then, this model was adapted to the finite element method. Finally, the simulation of water diffusion within a complex multi-material structure, in the present case, a helicopter blade section, was achieved
Lechat, Céline. "Comportement mécanique de fibres et d'assemblages de fibres en polyester pour cables d'amarrage de plates-formes offshore." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1529.
Full textFaced with the need to exploit off-shore oil fields at ever increasing depths, lighter replacements are being considered for the standard steel cable mooring systems used for platforms. This study considers the mechanical behaviour of synthetic ropes made of two different materials: PET and PEN. The first is already used in ropes to replace steel, and the second could be a potential competitor. A multi-scale study, involving mechanical tests (mainly tensile, creep and cyclic loading) has been carried out on assemblies of various sizes, from ropes of several hundreds kN breaking load to their smallest components: filaments. Strong correlations were found between the quasi-static behaviour of assemblies and the behaviour of filaments, which in itself is determined by mechanisms at the molecular level. This has shown that the effects of the geometry of the assemblies are limited and can easily be identified. However, results from cyclic loading tests have shown that the consideration of all the mechanisms that could cause failure at the single filament level (creep, tensile fatigue, hysteresis heating…) is not sufficient to explain the failure of ropes. This implies the contribution of other mechanisms associated with fibre assemblies, such as abrasion. The comparison of results from tests on both materials showed that PEN, of which very little is known, exhibits a mechanical behaviour very similar to that of PET
Chariere, Romain. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux polymères composites allégés à base de micro-sphères creuses modifiées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN061.
Full textIn recent years the interest in the use of hollow glass microspheres as polymer fillers has increased considerably due to their low density, high resistance and low thermal conductivity. The resulting composites are widely used in marine and aerospace applications but also in the automotive industry. However, composites have significant mechanical deficiencies such as drastically reduced fracture elongation and reduced yield strength. These limits are directly related to the properties of the interfaces between the microspheres and the matrix. The aim of the study is to measure the possible gains from modifying these interfaces and to deepen the understanding of the mechanical phenomena occur on the spheres-matrix interfaces.Study materials consisting of a polypropylene matrix (used in the automotive industry) and modified microspheres (chemically modified either by silanisation or by grafting copolymer chains ethylene glycol-dimethoacrylate) are produced by extrusion/compounding and injection. Fine experimental characterization of the composites and its various phases was carried out and analyses of the spatial distribution of the microspheres in the matrix were carried out by tomographic image processing. Mechanical tests were carried out to measure the properties of the composites and the crystalline modifications of the polymer brought to light.In parallel, a multiscale approach, based on numerical simulations by FFT (Amitex), allowing to deduce the homogeneous mechanical behaviour of the composite from its microstructure, was implemented. The use of composite voxels has been investigated on this type of microstructure: the resolution required to obtain a converged response is greatly reduced
Touati, Abdellaziz. "Analyse du retrait et réduction des déformations en stéréolithographie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL041N.
Full textComas-Cardona, Sébastien. "Modélisation, simulation et contrôle du couplage hydro-mécanique pour le moulage de composites." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3efa882a-9b13-4d8c-9093-5fb158ec4af4.
Full textPuaux, Grégory. "Simulation numérique des écoulements aux échelles microscopique et mésoscopique dans le procédé RTM." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667411.
Full textPuaux, Grégory. "Simulation numérique des écoulements aux échelles microscopique et mésoscopique dans le procédé RTM." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0055.
Full textIn the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process, a thermoset resin is injected into a fibrous woven reinforcement. This resin polymerises to form a composite part. The goal is to model the flow at different scales: the tow scale (mesoscopic) and the fibre scale (microscopic), using numerical simulation. This thesis is divided in two parts. The first one is about permeability computation of a representative elementary volume (REV), applying an averaging method on pressure and velocity fields in the frame of the immersed domains method. At microscopic scale, permeability computation is validated using analytical laws. At mesoscopic scale, Stokes and Darcy equations, for the flows between and into yarns, have been implemented. The second part concerns the impregnation of the reinforcement at microscopic scale. It's includes modelling of the flow front movement between fibres with surface tension forces. We have implemented methods to take into account for the capillary phenomenon. We have implemented and validated methods to impose static contact angle and slip of the contact line. All developments are made using finite elements method with a velocity pressure formulation stabilised by a bubble function (MINI-element), and using the immersed domains method
Touboul, Marion. "Approche multi-échelles morphologique et directe pour une classe de composites particulaires fortement chargés hyperélastiques et viscohyperélastiques." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2300.
Full textThis study is devoted to multi-scale modelling of a wide class of highly-filled particulate composites such as solid propellants. Inspired by the previous work of Christoffersen (1983), the approach at stake (MA) is based on a preliminary geometrical and kinematical schematization. The objective of this work can be split into two parts : proving the ability of the MA to deal with viscohyperelasticity (behaviour of solid propellants’ elastomeric matrix) and evaluating its quantitative relevance. The first point is treated by applying the MA to a numerically generated composite with random microstructure and viscohyperelastic matrix. The localisation-homogenisation problem is solved in a direct manner thanks to a particular algorithm operating in real time-space domain. Qualitative results are obtained. Concerning the second point, comparisons between MA estimates and finite element (FE) results (global and local levels) are made in order to evaluate the effects of the kinematical hypotheses relative to the MA. These comparisons are made on periodic microstructures (simple and involved) satisfying the MA geometrical schematisation, for hyperelastic ant viscohyperelastic constituents. Some advantages and weaknesses to be improved are highlighted. Finally, a transversal program aiming at confronting MA estimates to experimental and FE results on a real propellant is elaborated. Each step –experimental tests on the composite and its phases, morphological characterisation via tomography, automatic FE meshing of real microstructure, determination of the RVE (a few hundred of grains) relative to both methods (MA and FE)– is detailed and prospective works are presented
Garg, Himani. "Particle laden inhomogeneous elastic turbulence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I003/document.
Full textLaboratory experiments show that, even in very dilute solutions, the interaction of polymers with fluid flows can dramatically change the properties of turbulent flows or, if the flow is laminar, can trigger a new sort of irregular motion named “elastic turbulence”. Flows in such a dynamical regime are promising for enhancing mixing efficiency in microfluidic applications, which often involve the presence of suspended finite-size impurities, like small and heavy solid particles. The understanding of particle dispersion in high-Reynolds number flows of Newtonian, as well as non-Newtonian, fluids were addressed by previous investigations, and it is a subject of interest both at a fundamental level and for applications, e.g., environmental or industrial ones. However, the dynamics of particles in elastic turbulent flows are still quite unexplored.The present study aims at investigating the aggregation properties of pointlike material particles (heavier than the carrying fluid) in viscoelastic fluids in elastic turbulence conditions (i.e. in the limit of vanishing fluid inertia and large elasticity). We carry out extensive direct numerical simulations of the periodic Kolmogorov mean shear flow of two-dimensional dilute polymer solutions described by the Oldroyd-B model. Both the small- and large-scale features of the resulting inhomogeneous particle distribution are examined, focusing on their connection with the underlying flow structure. Our analysis reveals that particles are preferentially clustered in regions of instantaneously maximally stretched polymers. The intensity of such a phenomenon depends on the interplay, parametrized by the Stokes number, between the particle inertia and the typical time scale associated with the elastic turbulence flow, and is the largest for intermediate values of particle inertia.In particular, it is shown that the preferential concentration of inertial particle suspensions in such turbulent-like flows follow from the dissipative nature of their dynamics. We provide a quantitative characterization of this phenomenon (using correlation and Kaplan-Yorke dimension) that allows to relate it to the accumulation of particles in filamentary highly strained flow regions producing clusters of fractal dimension slightly above 1.At larger scales, particles are found to undergo turbophoretic-like segregation along the non-homogeneity direction of the flow. Indeed, our results indicate that the particle distribution is strongly related to the mean turbulent-like structures of the flow. As an effect of turbophoresis, average density profiles peak in the regions of lowest turbulent eddy diffusivity. The large-scale inhomogeneity of the particle distribution is interpreted in the framework of a model derived in the limit of small, but finite, particle inertia. The qualitative characteristics of different observables (such as root-mean-square deviation of the particle distribution, relative to the uniform one) are, to a good extent, independent of the flow elasticity. When increased, the latter is found, however, to slightly reduce the globally averaged degree of turbophoretic unmixing
Coste, Christian. "Contribution à la simulation numérique du procédé d'extrusion-soufflage des réservoirs à carburants." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1000.
Full textJaeckel, Alain. "Simulations Monte Carlo de chaînes confinées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20206.
Full textBallivian, Renaud. "Étude de complexes non-covalents et de polymères organiques par couplage entre la spectrométrie de masse et la mobilité ionique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10219.
Full textKnowing the structure of non-covalent complexes is essential to understand many biological processes. The first step is the characterization of the interactions leading to the adoption of a functional tridimensional structure by a multimeric assembly. The second step consists of underlining the structural modifications induced by the complexation, and their influence on the system’s function. The Ion Mobility/Mass Spectrometry (IM/MS) is a gas-phase method that is used to separate ions according to their geometry and their masse-to-charge ratio. IM/MS also provides insights on their intrinsic properties, by measuring their collision cross sections. Using this method, we have studied the structure of three different non-covalent complexes: the aggregation of tannins on the human salivary protein IB-5, the fixation of a small ligand (Ac2KAA) on vancomycin, and the complexation between metallic cations and poly-lactid polymers. The evolution of the collision cross-sections as a function of the size of the system or the complexation state clearly shows structural transitions. Moreover, combined with molecular modeling or laser spectroscopy, the IM/MS technique reveals to be a powerful tool to characterize the relevant interactions in such systems. This work proves that IM/MS, besides a powerful analytical aspect, can also be used in global studies that involve several structural methods to resolve the structure of large multimeric assemblies
Lefèvre, Delphine. "Étude expérimentale, modélisation et simulation de la filtration lors de l'écoulement d'une résine chargée de particules à travers un renfort fibreux dans les technologies LCM." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10144.
Full textMartins, Ramon Silva. "Numerical simulation of turbulent viscoelastic fluid flows : flow classification and preservation of positive-definiteness of the conformation tensor." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10127/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to provide an enhancement of the knowledge about the polymer-induced drag reduction phenomenon by considering some aspects of its numerical simulation and the changes that occur in the flow kinematics. In the first part, the square root and kernel root-k formulations for the conformation tensor in the FENE-P model were implemented and showed to preserve the positiveness of the conformation tensor. However, they led to numerical divergence due to the loss of boundedness of the conformation tensor. This constraint was violated even with the inclusion of artificial diffusion. The damping effect of artificial diffusion helped to ensure numerical stability, but led to relative drag reduction from 22% to 42% lower than expected from traditional methods. In the second part, the hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic modes of turbulent viscoelastic flows were evaluated by means of different flow classification criteria. Some advantages of considering objective criteria were discussed. It was shown that the hyperbolic domains significantly contribute to the flow kinematics. Finally, a tendency of both elliptic and hyperbolic domains to become parabolic was observed and found to increase with the elasticity
Anoukou, Kokou. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique de nanocomposites polymères à renforts d’argile de type montmorillonite : approche micromécanique et simulation de dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10139/document.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites reinforced with clay minerals have attracted a great consideration during the last two decades. That can be explained, firstly, by the availability and the reduced production cost of the reinforcing phase, and secondly, by the remarkable improvements in physical and mechanical properties. These improvements are observed even at very low amounts of reinforcements compared to their microcomposite counterparts. The development of these new materials creates a keen interest both in academic and industrial research. However, the mechanisms responsible of these property improvements are still poorly understood and remain a major concern of researchers. This work contributes to the understanding and to the development of predictive tools of the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with montmorillonite clay using two modeling approaches: the micromechanics of heterogeneous materials and the molecular dynamics simulation. An analytical micromechanical model based on the self-consistent approach is developed. The proposed model is validated by our experimental data and those from the literature. A new molecular dynamics simulation protocol is proposed for the modeling of these nanomaterials at the nanometric scale. This approach has allowed us, inter alia, to get insight into the molecular interactions between the different components and to determine the effective elastic properties of the nanocomposite
Bouaziz, Rami. "Mise en œuvre et modélisation du comportement cyclique des polymères à mémoire de forme." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10087.
Full textThe semi-crystalline thermoplastic shape memory polyurethane (TPU-SMPU) is a smart material which has the ability to return to its original shape after applying a large strain thermo-mechanical cycle when it is stimulated by heating. This smart material has the advantage of recovering even after more than 100% of strain during several thermo-mechanical cycles. To explore the performance of a smart component in a mechanical system, it is mandatory to master the prediction of its behavior through a numerical model. A constitutive model is, then, proposed to describe its thermo-mechanical behavior and to predict the shape memory response. Uniaxial tensile tests at small strain rates were performed at 60°C in order to analyze the hyper-elastic response for each cycle. Relaxation tests were carried out at the end of the previous tensile loading to highlight the viscoelastic response during the shape memory cycle. These experimental data were, then, used in a curve-fitting algorithm employing least-squares optimization approach in order to identify the parameters of the proposed model. At last, the shape memory effect was investigated by means of free and constrained recovery experiments. The proposed model was then implemented into Comsol Multiphysics. It predicts quite well the experimental results in all cycles. In order to assess its predictability, this model has, then, been applied to the design of 3D structures. Furthermore, the mechanical performance and the shape memory properties have been improved by the addition of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with different weight percentages of nanotubes contents using a melt extrusion process. This process induced a homogeneous distribution and a good dispersion of nanotubes throughout the TPU matrix. Mechanical tests in tension demonstrated that strength and modulus of the nanocomposites significantly increase with addition of halloysites without significant loss of ductility. Moreover, cyclic shape memory tests under large strain showed that shape memory properties, mainly the recovery speed, were also enhanced. Using a thermo-visco-hyperelastic model for shape memory polymers, we have investigated the effect of nanotubes addition on the mechanical parameters
Gourichon, Boris. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération de micro-vides en moulage RTM de composites organiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-126.pdf.
Full textSoeiro, Pereira Anselmo. "Transient aspects of the polymer induced drag reduction phenomenon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10138/document.
Full textThe addition of a small amount of polymers of high molecular weight can lead to a pressure drop decrease in turbulent flows. The polymers successively stretch and coil by interacting with the turbulent structures, which imposes a transient behaviour on the drag reduction (DR). As a result, DR undergoes three stages over time: A, B, and C. In stage A, DR departs from zero and assumes negative values due to a significant polymer stretching at the beginning of the process, which requires energy from the flow. After the minimum DR is reached, the polymers start their coil-stretch cycle and DR increases in response to the development of turbulent structures, achieving a maximum value, which makes for the beginning of stage B. However, during their coil-stretch cycle, polymers can be mechanically degraded as a result of an intense polymer stretching, which reduces their ability to act as energy exchange agents. Hence, when polymer degradation becomes pronounced, DR decreases until achieving a final value. The polymer degradation process characterizes the stage C. In the present work, numerical analyses are conducted aiming to investigate the stages A, B and C. The transient aspects of the polymer induced drag reduction phenomenon are explored with the aid of direct numerical simulations of turbulent plane Poiseulle and Couette flows of viscoelastic FENE-P fluids taking into account a large range of Reynolds number, Weissenberg number and maximum polymer molecule extensibility. Stages A and B are carefully studied from tensor, energy budget and spectral perspectives. A polymer scission model is developed in order to numerically reproduce the stage C
Huang, Chien-Cheng. "Statics, dynamics, and rheological properties of micellar solutions by computer simulation." Thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ022S/document.
Full textStatics, Dynamics, and Rheological properties of Micellar solutions by Computer Simulation Statics, dynamics, rheology and scission-recombination kinetics of self-assembling linear micelles are investigated at equlibrium state and under shear flow by computer simulations using a newly proposed mesoscopic model. We model the micelles as linear sequences of Brownian beads whose space-time evolution is governed by Langevin dynamics. A Monte Carlo algorithm controls the opening of a bond or the chain-end fusion. A kinetic parameter o, modelling the effect of a potential barrier along a kinetic path, is introduced in our model. For equilibrium state we focus on the analysis of short and long time behaviors of the scission and recombination mechanisms. Our results show that at time scales larger than the life time of the average chain length, the kinetics is in agreement with the mean-field kinetics model of Cates. By studying macroscopic relaxation phenomena such as the average micelle length evolution after a T-jump, the monomer diffusion, and the zero shear relaxation function, we confirm that the effective kinetic constants found are indeed the relevant parameters when macroscopic relaxation is coupled to the kinetics of micelles. For the non-equilibrium situation, we study the coupled effects of the shear flow and the scissionrecombination kinetics, on the structural and rheological properties of this micellar system. Our study is performed in semi-dilute and dynamically unentangled regime conditions. The explored parameter o range is chosen in order for the life time of the average size chain to remain shorter than its intrinsic (Rouse) longest relaxation time. Central to our analysis is the concept of dynamical unit of size A, the chain fiagrnent for which the life time TA and the Rouse time are equal. Shear thinning, chain orientation and bond stretching are found to depend upon the reduced shear rate P1\=y~A while the average micelle size is found to decrease with increasing shear rate, independently of the height of the barrier of the scission-recombination process
Nguyen, Huu-Thuan. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de rotomoulage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10043.
Full textThis Ph.D research work is about the study of polymer flow and heat transfer in both processes of rotational molding: reactive rotational molding and rotational molding of thermoplastic powders. The flow of the reactive polymer in the reactive rotational molding was modeled by a free surface flow under gravity inside a horizontal rotating cylinder. The meshless and lagrangian method ''Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)'' was applied to simulate the flow by using an adapted variable viscosity expression. In powder state, the flow and heat transfer of polymer during rotational molding of thermoplastic powders are modeled using a solver based on the ''Discrete Element Method (DEM)''. In which, the flow regime, the segregation, the mixture and the heat transfer of polymer powders inside a horizontal rotating cylinder was simulated. Results of the model have been validated experimentally with success
Ben, Chaabane Samir. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique de la mise en forme des corps creux plastiques." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD693.
Full textAhmad, Daniel. "Analyse et simulation de la déformation de films polymères de décoration au cours de leur mise en forme." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0122/document.
Full textThe simulation of the forming process of polymer films for thermoforming process has several objectives. It allows to determine feasibility or the conditions of this feasibility and above all it allows to know the thickness distribution of the deformed film of decoration. Simulations avoid the expensive experimental studies by test-errors. The work presented in this document relates to the two steps of the thermoforming of polymer films. The first step consists in heating the sheet using infrared lamps and the second step consists in forming the sheet into a mold. The contributions of this work are as follows: development of numerical modelling of the thermoforming process for non-isothermal viscoelastic sheet under large strains. Simulation of the heating step with taken into account the heterogeneous radiative heat transfer due to the shape of the tools. Finally, a set of simulations of forming processes was realized and the results of the simulations are compared to the results of experiments
Dorléans, Vincent. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement et de la rupture de thermoplastiques pour une large gamme de vitesse de déformation et de température." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0031.
Full textNowadays, polymers are used for the interior parts of vehicles. It is particularly the case for components such as dashboards and door panels. These elements are submitted to requirements imposed by international regulations in order to minimize the injuries of the passengers in case of a car crash. It is therefore essential to characterize the mechanical properties of those polymeric materials for several load cases on a wide range of strain-rate and temperature. The collected data can be used to fill numerical behavior models supposed to accurately predict the whole behavior of a polymer, if possible up the failure, taking all polymer behavior specificities into account. Indeed, aiming at optimizing development costs, numerical simulation is currently a key tool in the design of engineering components. Thus, in this thesis work, it is proposed to characterize the complete whole behavior of a semi-crystalline polymer in a wide range of strain-rate and temperature until failure. First, some DMA and tensile tests are carried out in order to characterize the viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties of the material. Then, time-temperature-superposition principle is introduced and validated in the two domains. A model based on the constitutive equations developed by Balieu and al. and enriched thanks to this principle is identified and implemented in the Ls Dyna code. It is validated by comparison with experimental results. Secondly, the work focusses on the experimental characterization and the modelling of failure. Several specimen geometries are designed to reach some specific triaxiality ratios and are tested at different strain-rates and two temperatures +23 and -30°C. A failure behavior surface is thus identified and introduced in the GISSMO failure model. The complete model of behavior, i.e. constituted of behavior laws and failure criterion, is then validated based on comparison with experimental data extracted from tests on specimens, but also on an industrial demonstrator
Guigon, Camille. "Vieillissement par cyclage thermique de composites interlocks 3D à matrice polymère." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0004.
Full textThe introduction of composite materials in critical structural parts for aircrafts represents a real technological breakthrough and requires specific studies to understand their behavior and durability. This work aims to characterize and understand the ageing mechanisms incarbon/epoxy 3D interlock composites when they are submitted to thermal cycling.For this purpose, a thermal cycle test (-55°C/120°C), whose heat and gaseous environment istotally mastered, was set up for the ageing of composite samples of elemental interlock pattern dimensions. Analysis of induced degradation mechanisms was achieved by i/ the development ofa 3D quantitative characterization method of the evolution of microcracks during cycling, basedon observations by microtomography RX and the development of a specific image processing procedure, ii/ the development of an in situ thermal cycle test under synchrotron light, coupled to a digital volume correlation technique, and iii/finite elements simulations taking into account the actual mesoscopic architecture of the samples and the thermo-viscoelastic behavior of thematrix.The results reveal complex thermo-chemo-mechanical couplings that are linked to four important parameters: time (and the number of cycles), the interlock architecture, the matrix toughness andits sensitivity to thermo-oxidation
Durin, Audrey. "Modélisation du mélange de polymères chargés et de la casse de fibres rigides en extrusion bivis." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00687658.
Full textSabaté, Thomas. "Modeling, visualizing and quantifying chromatin loop extrusion dynamics in living human cells." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS304.
Full textStudies of spatial genome organization have revealed the existence of chromatin loops and Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) of several hundred kilobases in size, which are created by the cohesin ring complex through a process of DNA loop extrusion. However, these structures have been characterized almost exclusively by genomic techniques and fixed cell imaging, thus their temporal dynamics are still poorly understood. For example, it is not clear whether loop extrusion creates stable or transient contacts at loop anchors and key parameters of this process, including loop lifetime and extrusion speed, remain unknown. To address this gap, my thesis aims to quantify the dynamics of cohesin-dependent loop extrusion by visualizing and tracking in time pairs of anchors at several loops and TADs in living human cells. Extrusion is expected to manifest itself as a progressive decrease in anchor-anchor distances. However, this signature is obscured by stochastic motions of the chromatin, whereby anchors can occasionally come into contact even without extrusion. Furthermore, measuring the anchor-anchor distance from fluorescent images is complicated by several sources of uncertainties, such as unavoidable random errors in the computational localization of fluorescent spots. To evaluate the experimental conditions under which one can expect to detect and quantify loop extrusion despite such complications, I first performed an analysis in silico using polymer simulations that account for loop extrusion. Using these simulations, I also tested and validated novel analysis methods to quantify chromatin loop dynamics from static imaging (e. g. from DNA-FISH images of loop anchors), and to estimate the lifetime and frequency of anchor contacts, as well as the effective loop extrusion speed from dynamic imaging in vivo. Using the simulation results as guidelines, we fluorescently labelled multiple loop and TAD anchors in human cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and tracked the loop anchors by live-cell imaging. Based on our analysis of the imaging data, we found that contacts between the two loop anchors are infrequent and short-lived as compared to the cell cycle duration. However, loops were found to be almost constantly extruded by cohesin. By comparing simulations and experimental data, we could estimate key biophysical parameters of loop extrusion dynamics including loop lifetimes and extrusion speed. Our results suggest that cohesin-dependent loop extrusion is a highly dynamic process, which creates transient long-range interactions rather than stable contact s. Our findings will help to quantitatively understand biological processes that involve short-lived but long-range contacts created by loop extrusion, including mechanisms of DNA repair and gene regulation
Zhang, Xian-Ming. "Simulation par CFD et mesure en ligne de la distribution des temps de séjour et la qualité de mélange dans une extrudeuse bi-vis." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL066N/document.
Full textThe development of new materials with improved properties seems to rely nowadays more on blending and compounding than on the synthesis of chemically new polymers. Mixing may have a great effect on the morphology and structure of multi-component polymer materials. Twin-screw extruders (TSE) are widely used as mixers/reactors for blending, compounding, and reactive processing. This work aimed at developing a new instrument to measure in real time the residence time distribution (RTD) which characterizes the axial mixing and transport abilities of different screw elements based on the analysis of the transient flow pattern and systematic evaluation of mixing theory in TSE. Distributive mixing of polymer melts is characterized by the generation of interfacial area, which is experimentally much more difficult to measure. This 3D numerical simulation based on CFD is adopted
Zeng, Fanfei. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement mécanique en grandes déformations élastoplastiques de films plastiques d’emballage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10109.
Full textShrink wrap films are composed of semi-crystalline polymers, possibly combined in multi-layers in order to benefit from the advantages of each of them. This work deals with the modeling of the mechanical behavior (under heat) of such materials in order to predict the improvement of their mechanical capabilities with uniaxial or biaxial drawing. From micro-structural observations and experimental results in uniaxial and biaxial stretching, an original model including three phases (which differ by the average distance between crystalline blocks) is developed for the prediction of the behavior of these films under various solicitations in finite elastoplasticity. In addition to the “crystalline” phase and the “amorphous” phase represented by a standard elastoplastic constitutive law and the classical 8-chain model, respectively, the intermediate phase allows one to take into account the effect of entanglements in the material and to explain the main differences, experimentally observed, between the uniaxial and biaxial behaviors.The model is calibrated from uniaxial tests in the case of PA6 and PE, and then validated for these two materials as well as multi-layer films for the uniaxial and equi-biaxial behaviors. The model is implemented in a finite element software in order to perform structural applications, such as the open hole test and the crack propagation, and validate again the efficiency of our 3-phase model
Borzacchiello, Domenico. "Three-dimensional numerical simulation of encapsulation in polymer coextrusion." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976093.
Full textSardo, Lucas. "Modélisation et simulation numérique de la thermomécanique des écoulements dans les co-malaxeurs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM044/document.
Full textThe aim of this study was to model molten polymers flow in BUSS type co-kneaders. The BUSS co-kneader is a particular single-screw extruder. It is composed of a rotating screw like standard single screw extruders, but with interrupted flights and mixing pins fixed to the barrel. The screw has also an axial reciprocal movement. It has been used for decades in industry for its mixing capacities, specifically for PVC gelification or polymer compounding with fibres, additives or carbon black. This work is therefore answering to nowadays industrial needs, as developing new products is expensive and time consuming.A 2D time-dependent thermomechanical model based on Hele Shaw approximations was developed and the co-kneader domain was discretized by finite elements. The numerical problem was solved by finite elements and SUPG stabilized finite elements. This model provides, at every point of the calculation domain, the pressure, throughput vectors, shear rates, viscosity as well as temperature.Simulation results provide pressure and temperature orders of magnitude, as well as information on polymer mixing depending on process parameters. A comparison between the model and experimental trials shows a satisfactory agreement in the filled zones
Amro, Elias. "Simulation numérique du procédé de rivetage auto-poinçonneur et étude expérimentale : application à un assemblage multi-matériaux polymère-acier issu de l’industrie automobile." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0006/document.
Full textThis thesis work is dealing with the issue of multi-material polymer-steel joining. Within a large-scale automotive environment, self-piercing riveting is the proposed joining technique to tackle the industrial challenge. Firstly, the feasibility of the technique is studied by investigating the influence of the riveting velocity and the sheet holder load on the geometrical characteristics of the riveted joint and the mechanical strength. Thus, it turns out that the increase in riveting velocity has a favorable effect: the joint strength in pure tension mode increases by +10% in agreement with the increase in mechanical anchoring. However, the increase of the sheet holder load has an unfavorable effect: the joint strength in cross tension and in shear modes decreases by -6.6%. Subsequently, an axisymmetrical 20 numerical model has been created enabling the simulation of the riveting operation. The effective mechanical properties of the composite material are estimated by a homogenization method while the mechanical behavior of the steel material is managed through an elastic-plastic model with damage. Compared with a cross section resulting from an experimental test, the simulation carried out under Abaqus 6.10-1® demonstrates being able to correctly predict the deformations, the anchoring value more particularly. Finally, a 30 numerical model has been developed and allows the simulation of destructive and asymmetrical loadings. The joint strength and the macroscopic deformations estimated are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially when taking into account the local damage of the composite laver
Béraud, Nicolas. "Fabrication assistée par ordinateur pour le procédé EBM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI052/document.
Full textThe Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process allows to build metallic parts from powder. Thanks to the geometric and mechanical quality of the parts produced, the EBM process can be used to manufacture functional parts and not only prototypes. This process, with other additive metallic processes, make it possible to consider a transition from 3D printing to metallic additive manufacturing.The use of additive manufacturing in an industrial environment requires compliance with quality, cost and time criteria for the parts produced. The production of manufactured parts involves a series of numerical stages which is called the numerical chain. The numerical chain has a significant impact on the three criteria mentioned above. Thus, this thesis provides an answer to the following question:How Computer Aided Manufacturing can improve the quality, cost and time of the EBM manufacturing process?This problem is addressed through the following underlying question:What are the required characteristics for a Computer Aided Manufacturing system adapted to the EBM process?In order to answer this question, the current numerical chain is analyzed. Three main limitations are found:- the use of STL files format- the process cannot be optimized at different scales- the process cannot be simulatedTo solve these issues, a CAM environment is proposed. It allows the centralization of all numerical operations in a single environment. All supported formats can be used within this environment, such as native CAD file formats or STEP format. Software developments are done to prove the feasibility of such an environment.The CAM environment implementation reveals the crucial role of simulation in this system. It is therefore necessary to answer this second question:How to obtain an EBM process simulation allowing the development of parameters, virtually?Although EBM simulation is a recurrent subject in scientific literature, existing studies are based on the finite elements method but the calculation time needed is too important to be used in an CAM environment. Thus, an alternative type of simulation is created in this thesis: a simulation based on abacus. It is composed of a finite elements model, that allows heat maps generation for standards cases of heating and cooling. These heat maps are then transformed in abacus. The simulation algorithm based on abacus search the nearest abacus from the simulated situation in order to estimate the temperatures at the next time step.This simulation method was used to reduce the calculation time while keeping a sufficient precision to optimize process parameters.With the simulation based on abacus, a tool for the optimization of melting strategies is developed. This tool allows quality improvement for the produced parts through the calculation of melting strategies according to thermic criteria.To summarize, the main contributions of this work are:- the definition of requirements specifications of a powerful numerical chain for the EBM process- the development of a CAM environment adapted to the EBM process- the proposal of a fast simulation for the EBM process, based on abacus- the development of a tool for the optimization of melting strategies
Djian, Francis. "Modélisation thermique des thermostats pour oscillateurs à quartz et applications." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2021.
Full textLouin, Jean-Charles. "Effets d'hétérogénéités de teneur en carbone sur les cinétiques de transformations de phase et sur la genèse des contraintes internes lors du refroidissement d'aciers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL077N.
Full textHeat treatment is a process that needs the control of both final microstructures and residual stresses and deformations. Numerical simulation is a useful tool for a better optimization of this process. The aim of our work was to contribute to the development of a numerical tool for the prediction of microstructures, stresses and strains during cooling of pieces that may contain chemical heterogeneities, particularly carbon content heterogeneities. Firstly, an existing model for the prediction of transformation kinetics in steels has been further developped in order to take into account the effects of the carbon content enrichment of austenite due to a partial ferritic transformation on the subsequent transformations. Coupled thermal, metallurgical, mechanical calculations have then been performed to study the effects of carbon content gradients on the microstructural evolutions and on the residual stresses development during cooling. Particularly, the possible effects of solidification macro and mesosegregations have been quantified in massive cylinders with sizes close to the size of an ingot. Secondly, experimental validations have been performed for homogeneous cylindrical specimen (40CrMnMo8 steel) and for a chemically heterogeneous specimen specifically designed for our study. The complete set of input data necessary for the simulations has been established from experimental characterizations of the steel. The role of chemical heterogeneity has been analysed through the experimental and calculated results. Finally, a good correlation has been obtained between measurements and calculation of the deformation during cooling of a 3D "croissant" shaped specimen
Sech, Nicolas Le. "Photocathodes à base de nanotubes de carbone sur substrats semi-conducteurs de type III-V. Application aux amplificateurs hyperfréquence." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/14/43/PDF/These_N_Le_Sech.pdf.
Full textFauchet, Gauthier. "Modélisation en deux points de la turbulence isotrope compressible et validation à l'aide de simulations numériques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10027.
Full textMenezla, Rabea. "Réalisation d'un logiciel de résolution de l'équation de poisson à trois dimensions : Simulation numérique tridimensionnelle du claquage des composants à jonctions P-N." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECDL0027.
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