Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymères ramifiés – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Lebreton, Arnaud. "Synthèse de polymères en étoile par amorçage pluricarbanionique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009394.
Full textGatard, Sylvain. "Nouveaux complexes ruthenium-carbene : synthèse et application à l'amorçage de polymérisation par les métallodendrimères." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12575.
Full textCosta, Maryline. "Synthèse de supports polymères et greffage de ferrocène pour une application en tant que batteries moléculaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14230/document.
Full textEnergy storage system have been developed by grafting ferrocene (Fc) moieties on branched or hyperbranched polystyrene (PS) and polyethyleneoxide (PEO), and on semi-conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) particles. Huisgen cycloaddition has been used to graft Fc at the periphery of PS stars, leading to PS-Fc. Synthesis of PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc has been done by esterification reaction. A possible interaction in between azido moieties and the catalytic system used for controlled radical polymerization of styrene has been evidenced in this study. Performances as molecular batteries of PS-Fc, PEO-Fc and PEDOT-Fc have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Fc moieties can be reversibly oxidized and reduced on PS-Fc and POE-Fc. For high ferrocene content, cyclic voltammetry showed the occurence of charge transfer between ferrocenyl groups and oxidized PEDOT core
Plet, Laëtitia. "Synthèse de nouveaux vecteurs cationiques à architecture en étoile pour le transfert de gènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS297.pdf.
Full textSome rare diseases of genetic origin can be treated by a therapy called "gene therapy" which consists in introducing a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) into the cells to modulate their activity for therapeutic purposes. The use of a vector able to protect the polynucleotide and to transport it to the nucleus of the target cells is necessary. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is currently the cationic polymer gold standard in this field. However, due to its high toxicity, many studies aiming to modify PEI are still underway to improve its properties. Among other things, it has been shown that compact architectures give better properties to polymers. In this context, star PEI were synthesized for the first time. To this end, star poly(2-oxazoline)s precursors were prepared and their architecture was confirmed by steric exclusion chromatography analyses and kinetic studies. PEI of variable molar mass (8, 16 and 25 K) and architecture (linear, 3 and 4 arms star) were then obtained by adapting the hydrolysis protocol used for linear polymers. The transfection of CFBE and HepG2 cells with polyplexes based on pDNA and these polymers was evaluated. The influence of molar mass and architecture was studied. Finally, the modification of these PEI with histidine moieties known to increase lPEI transfection efficiency was successfully achieved, however, the expected synergy between the chemical and architectural modifications was not observed for the in vitro transfection of HepG2 cells
Obriot, Isabelle. "Utilisation d'un amorceur dilithien en vue de la synthèse de polystyrènes transparents de bonne résistance aux chocs." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066421.
Full textDespres, Typhaine. "Synthesis of hyperbranched polymers with multiple reactive terminal groups by RAFT-SCVP." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA1022.
Full textThis project aims at the synthesis of cationic hyperbranched polymers (HBP) with multiple functional end-groups to enable multi-targeting of cells with novel therapeutic gene vectors. These HBP hold potential for treating diabetes-associated vascular disorders and preventing cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelium dysfunction. HBP, characterized by their large interior volumes and a high number of terminal end-groups in periphery, are limited to a single type of terminal group. To overcome this limitation, the proposed strategy is based on the combination of self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the azlactone chemistry to anchor a high diversity of chemoselective reactive functions on the HBP periphery. This approach was applied to the synthesis of neutral, cationizable HBP with thiocarbonylthio groups using RAFT-SCVP of 2-N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl 4-cyano-4-(((propylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)pentanoate (R-transmer). By varying the DMAEMA/R-transmer molar ratio, a range of HBP with number-average molecular weight from 8 300 to 45 800 g.mol-1, dispersity above 1.59, and degree of branching between 0.05 and 0.30 has been synthesized. These HBP were further modified by cationization of the DMAEMA units to provide moieties able of electrostatic complexation with siRNA anti-PTP1B, a protein implicated in the endothelial dysfunction. The neutral HBP were also functionalized with a derivative of poly(ethylene glycol) and the thiocarbonylthio terminal groups were modified to anchor various reactive groups through a sequence of aminolysis, thiol-ene and azlactone-amine click reaction, in order to target reactive amines functions at the periphery able to conjugate with targeting peptides. Thus, new neutral, PEGylated and non-PEGylated, HBP displaying reactive amines functions were prepared. These final compounds, as well as some synthesis intermediates, will be submit to in vitro and in vivo biological tests in collaboration with the MINT laboratory in Angers, in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity, siRNA complexation and transfection efficiencies
Pereira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères en étoile à coeur cyclodextrine." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EVRY0005/document.
Full textThe 1,2,3-triazole cycles are easily synthesized by the reaction between an azidure and a compound carrying an alkyne group mono-or disubstitued. Thos clock chemistry, with a copper catalysis leads to a family of 4-choloromethyl-1-(alkyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, susceptible to generate a nucleophilic specie. That allows an initiation reaction in cationic polymerization of 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines. Three kind of initiators habe been synthesized in order to obtain differenta rchitectures, as homopolymers from a model initiator, a PEG-PMeOx copolymer and a star polymer with cyclodextrin core and seven arms PMeOx. Polymerizations with model initiator highlighted initiation reaction of 2-alkyl-2-oxazolines polymerization, without being able to avoid reaction of spontaneous or monomer transfer. Addition of DTBP improves control. Synthesis of PEG-PMeOc has been proved by DOSY NMR and SEC. Synthesis of star polymer has been conducted according to different methods? The utilization of cyclodextrine derivatives with triazole functions is an interesting tool, but actually, we don't obtain high molar masses of star polymer. Other methods have been realized to reach this aim
Muchtar, Zainuddin. "Macromolécules hyper- ramifiées de taille nanoscopique : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12410.
Full textMoingeon, Firmin. "Synthèse de polymères dendronisés par polymérisation anionique vivante et fonctionnalisation de leur surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/MOINGEON_Firmin_2006.pdf.
Full textLiving anionic polymerization technique was used to prepare dendronised polymers made of a polystyrene backbone and carbosilane dendrons. The monomers, namely 3,5-bis(3-triallylsilanyl-propyloxy)styrene (G1bis) and 3,4,5-tris(3-triallylsilanyl-propyloxy)styrene (G1tris), are fitted with respectively two and three allyl-terminated carbosilane dendrons of first generation. The best results were obtained in polar conditions (THF) at low temperature (-78°C). Polymers with monomodal masses distributions and low polydispersity have been produced. Steric effects brought by the dendrons result in a slow polymerization rate, leading to an apparent saturation of the degree of polymerisation. As a matter of fact, the highest molar mass polymers could only be obtained from the less sterically hindered monomer (G1bis). By increasing the temperature or by using 1,2-dimethoxyethane as solvent, we achieved to prepare polymers of increased molar masses, but having a slightly enlarged polydispersity. Finally, anionic block copolymerisation of G1bis with styrene demonstrated the living character of the polymerisation of G1bis. The allyl groups located at the dendron branch ends were used in a second step to functionalize the surface of the macromolecule. Perfluorinated chains were introduced using radical addition of thiols, whereas siloxane chains were grafted via an hydrosilylation reaction. The efficiency of these reactions were such that 5 or 6 chains could be grafted per monomer unit. This surface functionalisation led to polymers of remarkable properties, in term of solubility, thermal behaviour and structural organisation. For instance, a liquid crystal supramolecular organisation was found for the dendronised polymers when hyperfunctionalised with siloxane chains
Meyer, Nicolas. "Une Nouvelle voie de synthèse de copolymères a blocs, de structure en étoile, du type A3B." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0667.
Full textGoddard, Jean-Philippe. "Synthèse de molécules de taille variable par polyhomologation de composés borés." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112064.
Full textDuring this work, we developed a method of original synthesis allowing to lead mixtures of molecules of variable size with an aim of discovering new chelating molecules of cesium. This method utilizes a reaction of polyhomologation of borated compounds with the nucleophilic ones comprising a grouping leaving in alpha of the negative charge. We tested various families from nucleophilic like anions of sulfones, sulfonium ylides, anions of hydrazones, triméthylsilyldiazométhane and arsonium ylides. The first three families did not allow us to carry out reactions of polyhomologation. The triméthylsilyldiazométhane posséde not either the capacity to carry out reactions successive insertions but this property was exploited to propose a chemical conversion of olefinic hydrocarbon into alkylmethanol corresponding. The arsonium ylides made it possible to carry out reactions of polyhomologation with boronates and boranes. The alkylarsonium ylides were used to form polymers of controlled size having a ramification on each carbon atom of the principal chain. This type of polymer is not accessible by the current methods of polymerization. The allylarsonium ylides have a particular reactivity since the allyl boranes formed during the insertion reactions undergo a sigmatropic [1,3] rearrangement before reacting again with a ylide. It is thus possible to lead with polymers of big size to which the structure is close to that of the natural rubber. By this method it is possible to lead with linear or cyclic polymers. This method is currently under development at the laboratory to form chelating structures of cesium
Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.
Full textOrganic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
Nouvel, Cécile. "Synthèse contrôlée de copolymères dextrane-g-polylactide : de leur utilisation comme surfactifs biodégradables à la mise en œuvre de systèmes de vectorisation particulaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2002_NOUVEL_C.pdf.
Full textSynthesis of novel grafted amphiphilic copolymers polylactide-grafted dextran was achieved. Macromolecular control of such biodegradable and potentially biocompatible copolymers requires a three-step synthesis based on the "grafting from" concept : partial protection of the dextran hydroxyl groups by silylation ; followed by ring opening polymerization of D, L-lactide initiated from remaining hydroxyls of this partially silylated dextran backbone. The third step involves the silylethers deprotection under very mild conditions. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step have led to stability of dextran backbone and control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Tension and fluorescence experiments have given information about the organisation properties of these copolymers. The potential of such copolymers for formulation of nanospheres has been also studied
Ourdouillie, Pascal. "Etude de la synthèse et de la caractérisation de réseaux polymères par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des radicaux nitroxyle." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10276.
Full textAdjidjonou, Kossi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères supports chiraux : application à la réduction asymétrique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10110.
Full textAdhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Full textGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Nguyen, Thi Le Anh. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères de coordination présentant des propriétés redox." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0050.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and characterization (structures and physicochemical properties) of novel crystalline coordination polymers (also called MOFs), either porous or not, which possess redox properties. Two approaches have been developed in order to obtain such materials. The first one is based on the use of redox-active ligand (TetraThiaFulvalene TetraCarboxylic acid or (TTF-TC)H4), the other on the use of an active metallic cation (titanium). Conventional hydro- or solvo-thermal synthesis allowed the preparation of few solids, in which the redox centers adopt their classical oxidation state (TTF0, TiIV). Their structures, as well as their thermal and structural properties have been studied. Their redox properties have been exploited by means of post-synthesis processes (photoreduction or use as electrodes for lithium ion batteries). Using coupled electro-hydrothermal conditions, another solid was produced, this time based on the oxidized form of TTF-TC. The properties of this solid, among which its electronic conductivity, have been evaluated
Chicart, Philippe. "Oligomères et polymères organosiliciés : synthèse et caractérisation de silacyclophanes et de polysilarylènes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20238.
Full textParein, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanocharges thermoélectriques, mise en œuvre et caractérisation de nanocomposites thermoélectriques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2005.
Full textThe aim of this work is to elaborate polymer/thermoelectric fillers composites, in order to help solving the weight, scarcity of the precursors and cost problems of thermoelectric massive materials. Firstly, polymer/bismuth telluride composites have been processed by a micro-extrusion and injection molding process, from micrometric particles. The possibility of obtaining conductive composites by this process has been demonstrated, nevertheless the percolation thresholds of the composites remain high. Secondly, in order to solve this problem, composites have been elaborated from immiscible co-continuous polymer blends. A significant reduction of the percolation threshold has been obtained, due to the selective localization of the fillers into one of the polymer phases. Finally, the elaboration of nanocomposites has also been investigated in order to lower the percolation threshold of the composites. A simple and low-cost synthesis procedure for thermoelectric bismuth telluride nanoparticles has been developed and polymer/bismuth telluride nanocomposites have been processed by micro-extrusion. The characterization of the elaborated nanocomposites has shown a dramatic decrease of the percolation threshold, allowing the limitation of the amount of particles used to get conductive composites, as their overall weight
Ariura, Fumi. "Synthèse de polymères et copolymères en peigne et étude de leurs propriétés spécifiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13777.
Full textThe synthesis of various type of comb (co)polymers, and investigations ofarchitectural parameter contribution on their physical properties and morphologywere studied. Since the comb-polymers were prepared by combining livinganionic and cationic polymerizations, the molecular parameters such as themolar masses of grafted chains (Mgraft) and backbone chains (Mbb) and graftingratio to backbone chain (ggraft) were precisely controlled over a wide range.Additionally, we have developed various novel approaches to prepare welldefined comb-like core-shell copolymers and investigated some of the originalcharacteristics that they can exhibit
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Full textTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Gagnon-Thibault, Évelyne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29167/29167.pdf.
Full textGingras, Émilie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères ioniques à base de 2,7-carbazole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27554/27554.pdf.
Full textMamad, Hajar. "Elaboration de nanopores biomimétiques à base de cyclodextrine : architectures contrôlées par la synthèse des polyrotaxanes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consisted in using supramolecular chemistry to obtain synthetic nanopores from a controlled scaffold obtained with cyclodextrins, a bio-based and biocompatible oligosaccharide. Indeed, the linear organization of the cyclodextrins using a type of supramolecular assemblies called polyrotaxane, enabled the synthesis of covalent nanotubes, controlling their structural parameters. A proof of concept was realized by synthesizing α-cyclodextrin nanotubes from polyrotaxanes obtained by a radicalar coupling reaction. This synthetic pathway allows the control of the number of cyclodextrins remaining to form the nanotube. After proving their ability to form biocompatible nanopores, we have taken on the challenge of the generalization of the synthetic pathway to the formation of β- and γ-cyclodextrin nanotubes, to obtain nanotubes of various diameters. Thus, their ability to form transmembrane channels was assessed. Chemical modifications were carried out to enhance their nanopore properties. All the nanotube obtained were finely characterized using a cross analysis between the datas obtained by 1H NMR, HRTEM microscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography
Joudieh, Samer. "Biopolymères à base de cyclodextrines : Synthèse, caractérisations physico-chimiques et applications pharmaceutiques." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES017.
Full textThis work of thesis relates to the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of cyclodextrine polymers and for their use in the preparation of binary systems “CD-polymer/Drug”. The objective is to show the interest of these polymers innovating in the galenic formulation for potential applications in pharmaceutical field. The whole of this work makes it possible to conclude that the optimal conditions to obtain a maximum mass soluble polymer yield (40% mass/mass). We characterized obtained polymers by FT-IR, DSC, RX and by SEC/MALLS. Two drugs were retained as tracers: Albendazole, an insoluble pesticide, and Nimesulid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, amphiphilic and ionizable in water. An important increase in intrinsic solubility for each of the two drugs was obtained thanks to cyclodextrin polymers. This increase in solubility is 100 times more important than that obtained with native cyclodextrins, while at the same time the quantities of polymers used were quite lower than those of native cyclodextrins. Two dosage forms were developed by using the binary systems “poly-CD/PA: pellets and capsules. The polymers of cyclodextrins play the part of excipients for these dosage forms with 95% of CD-polymers in the matrices intended for the filling of capsules and up to 40% to form the matrix of the pellets
Calvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Full textSenhaji, Omar. "Synthèse de tensioactifs méthacryliques et étude physico-chimique de leurs télomères et polymères." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20033.
Full textKerbellec, Nicolas. "Polymères de coordination à base de Terres Rares : porosité et propriétés optiques." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0009.
Full textWe have developed a computational method that allows us to estimate the potential porosity of coordination polymers. This method, based only on crystallographic data, leads to a value which does not depend on sample geometry. It is particularly useful for studying coordination polymers with low thermal stability. It is also useful for comparing the potential porosity of materials with complex networks. We have been then interested in the development of lanthanide terephthalate compounds. All these compounds present only two type of crystallographic structure and one of them contains thirteen different lanthanides with the structure Ln2(TER)3(H2O)4. These compounds have been more particularly studied. We have synthesized nanoparticules using polymer encapsulation technique. Then we have worked on a new type of compounds which simultaneously contain several different lanthanides. The synergy between the different lanthanides ions leads to new compounds exhibiting original properties
Hanouneh, Ahmad. "Synthèse asymétrique d'amines en phase solide." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20211.
Full textDesvergne, Sandra. "Polymacromonomères : Synthèse - Diffusion de Neutrons aux Petits Angles - RhéologieDe l'architecture ramifiée à la conformation : étoiles et cylindres chevelus au repos et sous écoulement." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12998.
Full textHammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Full textThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Cathebras, Nathalie. "Polymères uréthanes perfluoroalkylés. Applications : revêtements polyuréthanes, antifouling non biocides, épaississants associatifs." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20029.
Full textIsmaili, Jihane. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères pour l’élaboration d’un papier semi-conducteur." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0097/document.
Full textThe use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices offers interesting prospects. Indeed, they make it possible to lighten the weight of these devices in addition to greatly reducing the cost of their manufacture. However, one of the main problems associated with these organic semiconductors is their manufacturing process, which requires toxic organic solvents and multiple synthesis steps. In this work, a new environmentally friendly synthesis process has been developed. A single step was necessary for the preparation of the semiconductors, using the polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde.This reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol, a green solvent and without the use of catalysts, thus minimizing energy consumption and using a reaction medium from a renewable and low-toxicity source. After their doping, these polymers exhibited conduction properties comparable to those observed for conventional organic semiconductors.The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of the use of paper as a support for organic electronics devices; hus avoiding the use of generally non-biodegradable and/or non-renewable substrates (plastic or glass). Two strategies have been used to this end. The first consisted of a direct deposit of the semiconducting polymers to the surface of cellulose filaments.The second is based on the creation of a covalent bond between the semiconductors and the Kraft pulp, using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc)
Dégoué, Émilie. "Contrôle de la toxicité dans la synthèse des polyuréthanes : optimisation des réactions et nouvelles stratégies de masquage par des composés à réactivité orthogonale." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with several ways to decrease the content of free diisocyanate monomer, often toxic, in polyurethane prepolymers obtained by polyaddition. Three paths were investigated: optimization of formulations and process, and capping with monofunctional agents or orthogonal reactivity compounds. The substitution of a symmetric diisocyanate with a totally asymmetric one, in which one of the two NCO functions is much more reactive, resulted in prepolymers with a monomer content lower than 1%. This way, however, was only efficient with polypropylene glycol oligomers. For the reaction with more reactive macrodiols, the difference in reactivity of the isocyanate groups decreases. For prepolymers with high short macrodiol content, chain interactions, through hydrogen bonds, seem to be easier which, in addition to a decrease in free monomer content, lead to an important increase in viscosity. Thus, for these formulations, the possible improvements through optimization of classical reactions seem to be limited. Finally, in a new approach, the capping of NCO groups by orthogonal reactivity compounds, such as glycerol carbonate, led to a non volatile and certainly less toxic free monomer. Moreover, these compounds are able to extend the capped chains by another reaction and thus limit the amount of plasticizer. Capping, however, involves a decrease in the amount of urea bonds which contribute to hard segments in materials, and a compromise is still necessary to obtain a high hardness
Cabanetos, Clément. "Conception et synthèse de matériaux à propriétés optiques non-linéaires." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2039.
Full textHugues, Thierry. "Polymères méthacryliques à groupements latéraux perfluorés : synthèse, propriétés de surface : comportement thermique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20131.
Full textPees, Bernard. "Synthèse et polymérisation de monomères acryliques perfluorés : caractérisations physico-chimiques de leurs polymères." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Pees.Bernard.SMZ0056.pdf.
Full textA lot of studies showing the water-repellency of fluorine-containing polyacrylates were reported since 1950. A string connection between these surface properties and the structure of the polymers (bilayer organization of the perfluorinated lateral chains) has been demonstrated. The purpose of this work is the synthesis and the polymerization of new functionalized fluorine-containing acrylic monomers. Then physical and chemical properties of these compounds are investigated. In a firt part, we describe the synthesis of acrylic monomers bearing different kind of organic group (mesogenic group). Particularly, we investigate the free radical addition of perfluorinated mercaptans to [omega]-unsaturated alcohols and the Fisher esterification of β-hydroxyl sulfide with acrylic acid. In second part, the homopolymerization and copolymerization of the previous monomers is studied. Then, the results of physical and chemical properties determinations are detailed. The investigation of the changes of the thermal, strutural and surface properties of [omega]-perfluorooctyl-alkyl acrylates with the increasing of the number of methylen group into the lateral chains, shows an even-odd effect. Structural and thermal properties of fluorine-containing polyacrylates can be increased significantly by adding an organic group into the lateral chain. The mesogenic group effet of these moieties is demonstrated. Finally, a sulfonated monomer is copolymerized with butyl acrylate in one hand and in second with stearyl crylate. The two copolymers water-repellencies are investigated and compared to commercial compounds. The good results obtained and the quite simple synthesis of this monomer, afford a possible commercial use
Fortin, Marie-Julie. "Synthèse de polymères bipolaires à base de 2,7-carbazole pour l'élaboration de diodes électroluminescentes bleues." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24198/24198.pdf.
Full textDerouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Full textControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Derouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Full textControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Champagne, Amélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux dérivés de la polyaniline." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28424/28424.pdf.
Full textTestud, Blandine. "Les huiles végétales comme plateforme pour la conception de nouveaux polyesters hyper-ramifiés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0365/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to use vegetable oils as a platform for the design of more sustainable polyesters of hyperbranched architecture. For that purpose, the approach by polycondensation of ABn-type monomers (n ≥ 2) was favored. Plant oils and/or fatty acid methyl esters were chemically modified to synthesize multifunctional precursors featuring ester (A) and alcohol moieties (B). Simple, safe and efficient chemical transformations were considered to provide industrial perspectives to this work. Two main platforms of ABn-type monomers were developed by (1) acid hydrolysis of epoxidized vegetables oils and (2) thiol-ene/metathesis coupling reactions. The subsequent polycondensation of these oily-derived monomers, performed in bulk, gave access to novel renewable hyperbranched polyesters. The branching density as well as the thermo-mechanical properties of these materials were adjusted by designing and selecting the chemical structure of the fatty acid-based monomers. Finally, an exploratory work was carried out regarding the post-functionalization of both the core and the periphery of these hyperbranched polyesters with the aim at tuning their properties and thus opening the scope of their applications, from commodity plastics to advanced materials
Bartual-Murgui, Carlos. "Polymères de coordination à transition de spin : synthèse, élaboration de couches minces, nanostructuration et propriétés physiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652851.
Full textKrouit, Mohammed. "Vers de nouveaux films photobactéricides élaborés à partir de cellulose et de porphyrines." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e312372f-06e2-458e-8726-0865515666d1/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0053.pdf.
Full textBesançon, Manon. "Synthèse in situ de nanocomposites par chimie sol-gel non-hydrolytique en voie fondu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6pn95cw.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites have drawn considerable attention due to the improvement of structural and functional properties of polymer based systems. The common way to elaborate nanocomposites is the dispersion of fillers into the polymer. However, the agglomeration of nanofillers in the polymer and the increasing concerns about the manipulation of nanoobjects are the main issues of this technique. To overcome these problems, a “bottom-up” approach has been developed in recent years combining reactive extrusion and hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. This approach has some limitations for non-polar polymers. Indeed, water is required and the surface of such inorganic phases presents hydroxyl groups involving a weak interaction with the polymer matrix. Our approach is to use non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry to generate nanofillers in the molten polymer. The specificity of NHSG is the use of an oxygen donor instead of water and the ability to control the shape and the size of nanofillers. Syntheses of titanium dioxide and layered titanium phosphonates were carried out in molten polymer. Different precursors were investigated in order to improve the compatibility between matrix and fillers and obtain homogeneous dispersion of small size fillers. The influence of the polymer nature on the obtained fillers morphology has also been studied
Chatti, Saber. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polymères dérivés des dianhydrohexitols : réactivité et selectivité sous micro-ondes." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112274.
Full textNew diethers were synthesized by dialkylation of dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide, isomannide and isoidide) under phase-transition catalysis (PTC), as model reactions for further polymerization. High yields were obtained under microwaves (more than 90%), under mild conditions (5 minutes at 140°C), in comparison with thermal heating (yields lower than 20%). After optimization of the reaction conditions (temperature, phase transfer agent, solvent, alkylating agent, salts addition), this method was applied to alkylation of monobenzylated dianhydrohexitols with dihalogenes or disulphones as alkylating agents, which leaded to new chiral diols after deprotection of the alcohols. By extrapolation to reactions with alkyl dihalogenes or disulphones, new polyethers were synthesized in good yields, their molecular weight and their structure depending on the monomer, on the substituent and on the activation method. .
Bourgeois, Cury Aude. "Synthèse d'amines encombrées de squelette azanorbornane en vue de leur utilisation comme stabilisants UV." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10123.
Full textTorreilles, Christophe. "Utilisation de la chimie organométallique pour l'élaboration de polymères organiques conjugués de structure contrôlée et diversifiée." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20089.
Full textClarisse, Jade. "Croissance cristalline de polymères de coordination : synthèse, suivi calorimétrique et caractérisation structurale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10269/document.
Full textPorous coordination polymers so called Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are considered for promising development and applications such as in catalyst. However, the understanding of the synthesis mechanisms and crystal growth is a challenge. Currently, only a few in-situ studies have been done to rationalize the synthesis of MOFs, such as monitoring by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. In this manuscript the differential scanning calorimetry is proposed as an easier technique to implement that allows a continuous calorimeter tracking to identify the phenomena which govern the synthesis such as the formation reaction and crystallization temperatures. With such thermal analyses, the temperature range of the reaction was determined and the importance of various parameters influencing the synthesis was studied, such as heating temperatures and cooling speeds or reactant concentration. This was applied to the synthesis of new porous coordination compounds based on porphyrin acid derivative in order to understand the important reaction steps. Crystal structure determinations show that some are Porphyrin Paddle-Wheel Frameworks. New approaches to the MOFs synthesis are also proposed using organic ligands like acids, imines, oximes and Schiff bases
Overton, Philip. "Electrolytes polymères monofonctionnels à conduction monocationique : synthèse et propriétés de transport d'ions lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV010/document.
Full textThis thesis presents "End-Capped Single-Ion Polymer Electrolytes" (EC-SIPEs) that are ionically conductive polymers having n repeating ethylene oxide (EO) units and an ionic functional group at one chain terminal. The library of EC-SIPEs presented are based on poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (mPEOn-OH) having EOn = 8, 10, 20 and 55. The anions of the electrolyte salt pair are covalently bound to the polymer as part of the end-group design. The mobility of the anion is thus limited by the low mobility of the polymer, relative to Li+. These are "Single-Ion" conductors because the majority of ionic charge transferred by Li+ cations, as demonstrated by chronoamperometry.The end-group designs target not only ionic interactions that facilitate "single-ion" conduction of Li+, but also other specific non-covalent interactions such as dipole-dipole, Van der Waals, and π-π stacking. End-groups having naphthalene (naph) and pyrene (pyr) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) moieties are investigated. The functional end-groups are lithiated sulfonates (-SO3Li, -PhSO3Li), a N-naphyl sulfonamide (-SO2N(Li)Naph), and secondary N-aryl amines (-N(Li)Naph, -N(Li)Pyr). Two end-groups target specific properties: i) a "double salt" end-group has two ionic functions at one chain end, and ii) a zwitterionic EC-SIPE that conducts Li+ cations and TFSI- anions. The doubling of the number of Li+ per end-group does not correlate to an expected improvement in ionic conductivity (σ). This implies that σ is limited by the physicochemical properties of the EC-SIPE and not the Li+ concentration. The zwitterionic EC-SIPE has a high lithium transference number (t+Li= 0.8) that implies decreased mobility of the TFIS- counter-anion relative to Li+. The best overall performance is achieved by mPEOn-N(Li)Pyr (EOn= 10, 20, 55), that has σ > 1.0*10-4 S/cm at T > 40 °C, and reaches 1*10-3 S/cm at 100 °C. It exhibits constant resistivity under galvanostatic cycling (j= 10 μA.cm-2, 10*4h periods, Li|Li cell, 40 °C) and is electrochemically stable in the 0 V-3.7 V vs. Li/Li+ potential range (Li|stainless steel cell, 1.0 mV/s sweep rate, 40 °C).In Chapter I the context of the thesis is discussed through review of state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. These are divided into two sub-classes: i) Salt-in-Polymer (SiP) and ii) "Single-Ion" polymer electrolytes. The design of polymer electrolytes towards efficient and effective ionic conductivity is emphasized. Special attention is given to concepts for the organisation of bulk morphology for the creation of ion transport pathways that efficiently percolate through the micron length scale separating electrodes of a battery. Finally, the synthetic strategy implemented in this thesis is described.The principle results of the thesis are presented and discussed in Chapter II. A library of EC-SIPEs are characterised in terms of their electrochemical, thermal and specific ion-transport performances. Resistive features appear at high temperature and are expected to result from the aggregation of ionic end-groups. Surprisingly, the σ of EC-SIPEs having EOn= 55 improves by as much as half an order of magnitude with repeated cycling of temperature to above Tm of crystalline PEO (in the +40 °C to +100 °C range). The analysis of EC-SIPEs having different end-groups and PEO chains having EOn= 8, 10, 20, and 55 lead to the proposition of a tentative model for the percolation of ionic pathways through the EC-SIPE bulk. It is hypothesized that the ionic end-groups are localised at the grain boundaries of PEO domains. Percolation of these boundaries are proposed to be improved under appropriate, mild conditions of temperature and electromagnetic force. Finally, the synthesis methods implemented in this thesis and characterizations of EC-SIPEs are described in Chapter III