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Academic literature on the topic 'Polymères – Innovation'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymères – Innovation"
Pion, Florian. "L'acide férulique, un synthon naturel pour la préparation de nouveaux polymères aromatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0007.
Full textLignin is the most abundant component of wood after cellulose and is separated from whilepaper production. Within this lingo-cellulosic biomass, in case of graminous, ferulic acid is a crosslinkingagent binding lignin to polysaccharide fibers to increase its mechanical properties. If lignin iscomplex and poorly degradable, ferulic acid, as it is present free, is extractible in alkali media frommany resources (beetroot pulp, wheat, corn, rice...).By its aromatic nature, this p-hydroxycinnamic acid seems interesting to prepare new polymersincorporating biobased aromatic units. Indeed, if biobased polymers are more and more nowadays,today biobased aromatic units are still missing.In this aim, into the APSYNTH team, we developed a new class of biobased bisphenols obtainedthrough enzymatic catalysis. These bisphenols were then implicated in different strategies to developnew copolyesters, polyurethanes and polyphenolic oligomers. This work describes the synthesis andcharacterization of this new bisphenols derived from ferulic acid, as well as the resulting polymers
Eltzer, Thomas. "Contribution à l'intégration des approches standard et inventives dans la conception : Application à l'injection de thermoplastiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13174.
Full textInnovation is a real need for industry today. Technical dimension of innovation relies on invention, which means technical problem solving. Our research contributes in building methodological support, assisting technical problem solving in design. The first step is the identification of a problematics in injection molding design, based on the one hand on the analysis of nine projects in two different companies, and on the other hand on a litterature review. This problematics is synthesised in the shape of three conflicts that need to be solved. These three conflicts are then generalised in a problematics in the field of technical system design. To do so, three directions existing in litterature have been reviewed: concurrent engineering, inventive design and TRIZ. The built contributions are presented in the second step. They aim at solving both of the identified problematics. Our contributions are: a knowledge modeling principle (based on three kinds of parameters, linked by objective laws) and a method using this technical knowledge (either in order to identify known solution concepts in the frame of standard design, or to formulate a key contradiction that is to be solved using TRIZ tools in the frame of inventive design). Knowledge modeling principle has been applied to injection molding in order to propose an extended knowledge base. The third step is the testing of our contributions on three projects, managed in the companies already mentionned. It has been possible to propose concept solutions to continue these projects, bloqued due to technical problem. Hence, the efficiency of our contributions has been proved
Merzouk, Walid Adel. "Study of an integrated on-chip interferometer. Application for the characterization of innovative transducers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV014/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of two elements of a system of nanopositioning and micromanipulation: a) integrated on-chip interferometric sensor; its characteristics, peculiarities and potential are studied in detail; b) an element usable in sensor and actuator mode: an electro-active flexural polymer.The PicoMove interferometer is the result of the collaboration between LISV and the company TeemPhotonics. This interferometer, which operates in the mid-infrared range (1.55 μm), is based on optical guide technology that gives a high degree of robustness to the external environment. Its architecture is based on a modified Michelson-Young structure. Experiments have been implemented to characterize its performance. It has been demonstrated nanometric resolution and very low noise level. A spectral power density of 100 fm/√Hz was reached under static conditions.In addition, its robustness to the environmental conditions is demonstrated, and the metrological specificities are discussed with details about the specific error sources. It is applied to a nanopositioning stage using mobile coil and flexible guidance.The second point of this PhD work concerns the study of electromechanical properties of an ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) in a flexible cantilever configuration. It is able to operate in actuator mode and in sensor mode. For the actuator part, its stiffness and its natural frequency are studied. For the sensor part, its bandwidth, resolution and transfer function are experimentally studied.The micrometric capabilities of this polymer in actuator and sensor mode are demonstrated and discussed
Lagel, Marie-Christine. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux à base de polymères naturels et leurs applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0178/document.
Full textWith the constant increase of oil prices and with the dwindling of fossil resources, "green" alternatives must be found. Thus, first research was conducted on the possibility to develop synthetic phenolic adhesives for wood-based panels where a part of phenol was substituted by wheat proteins. Similarly, tannins which are natural polyphenolic molecules can be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical products. Chestnut tannin, a hydrolysable tannin was used to substitute part of phenol during the synthesis of phenolic resins. The characteristics of these resins were studied and the resins used for the manufacture of rigid phenolic foams. This is a new step towards the development and future commercialization of more environmentally friendly materials. Furthermore, condensed flavonoid tannins were also used in the development of tannins-furanic biobased rigid foams. Quebracho wood tannin extract was coupled with furfuryl alcohol another material of natural, agricultural origin. These "green" foams show good mechanical strength, good thermal performance and do not burn, thus they are entirely suitable for use in building insulation. Finally, new types of materials made from the same natural products (tannins and furfuryl alcohol) were developed during the research described in this thesis: biobased abrasive and friction materials. Abrasive wheels and abrasive discs for steel molding and steel cutting using a biobased matrix were thus developed and tested. Moreover, automotive brake pads were prepared and were tested under real vehicle application conditions. All these new materials showed excellent properties compared to commercial materials and yielded excellent results comparable and sometime superior to their synthetic commercial equivalents
Meabe, Iturbe Leire. "Innovative polycarbonates for lithium conducting polymer electrolytes." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3042.
Full textThe 21st century must address new challenges. The highly qualified life, demanded by modern society, requires constant developments. Energy is the essential ingredient for the economic and social development. The technological revolution that we are now suffering has as a principle the energy produced by coal, oil, and gas. However, the consumption of these energy sources are limited and additionally, during the last decades have been strongly criticized due to the high CO2 emissions released. Besides, the energy produced by renewable energies are promising alternative supplies to limited non-renewable resources. Little by little, the use of fuel-based energy sources will be reduced and renewable solar energy, wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy and bioenergy will be settled in our life. Nevertheless, due to the intermittent availability of these type of resources, good energy storage systems have to be designed. Among the all systems, electrochemical energy storage systems (EESS)s seem to be the best alternative for the use of portable electronics, electric vehicles and smart grid facilities.Generally, a battery contains a liquid electrolyte on it, which is based on a salt dissolved in a liquid organic solvent. This solvent is known to be toxic and highly flammable. Great efforts have been devoted to design safe electrolytes. Thus, polymer electrolytes have been proposed as safe materials. Nevertheless, the ionic conductivity, lithium transference number and electrochemical stability window should be addressed in order to be used in different applications. In this direction, in this thesis different polycarbonates have been proposed as promising host materials and they have been evaluated in as safe electrolytes
Maftei, Gabriella. "Systèmes polymères sous forme de particules pour l'immobilisation et le relargage contrôlé de principes biologiquement actifs." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3005.
Full textIn 2005, sales of systems for controlled release of bioactive substances have summed over 20% of total pharmaceutical sales. To achieve these systems aimed to reduce the frequency of drug doses, increasing their efficiency by locating the place of action and decreasing the dose necessary to ensure a uniform product issue was considered. To elaborate these drug release systems, the most important aspect is the choice of the polymer matrix involved in the implementation of release, or the material support for biologically active principle. In this thesis interpenetrated-interconnected networks (IPN) based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and gelatin (GEL) for developing systems with drug-polymer sustained release are presented. They are obtained by crosslinking these polymers with either epichlorohydrin (EpCl) in alkaline medium or glutaric aldehyde (AG) in neutral or acid medium. CMC, PVA and GEL are polymers (natural and synthetic) characterized by their biocompatibility and biodegradability, necessary conditions for materials used in biomedical applications. Reaction parameters of the synthesis of IPN based hydrogels under forms of film or particles were discussed and related with the properties of such materials. (composition, morphology, swelling. . . ). Inclusion and release of drugs were studied; their mechanism, kinetics and efficiency were evaluated according to the structural and physico-chemical characteristics of the materials, especially their swelling properties in aqueous media. The same systems were characterized in terms of antimicrobial activity and toxicity; potential in vivo applications of polymer-drug systems are described. Moreover magnetic polymer microparticles were elaborated and characterized. They allow specific applications which are discussed
Turbiez, Mathieu. "Nouveaux systèmes conjugués linéaires intégrant des motifs 3,4-éthylènedioxythiophènes (EDOT) : synthèse et étude des propriétés électroniques." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0012.
Full textThis work concerns the development and the study of the properties of new linear conjugated systems (LCS) built with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) moieties. The synthesis of oligomers varying by their length, the number and the position of the EDOT units in the conjugated chain is described. The analysis of the optical and electrochemical properties clearly shows a marked influence of the EDOT unit on the structure of oligomers. The donor effect of the ethylenedioxy group increases the level of the HOMO and contributes to locate the positive charge on the EDOT moieties. A rigidification of the molecules, by intramolecular interactions between oxygen atoms of ethylenedioxy group and the sulphur atoms of an adjacent thiophene cycle, is observed. The last part proposes two alternatives for replacing the EDOT core, its sulphur analogue, EDST, and the3,6-dimethoxy-thienothiophene, which constitute interesting ways to obtain low gap polymers more soluble than the PEDOT
Grosse, Charlotte. "Development of innovative bio-based treatments for wood modification with bio-polyesters." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0213.
Full textWood thermo-chemical modification process consists of permanent enhancement of wood properties in the core of the material. By decreasing wood equilibrium moisture content below the limit of fungi development, one could in addition reduce the dimensional variations due to humidity. A better dimensional stability of wood would be beneficial to durability of assemblies and surface coatings, further improving the performance of the material. Hydroxyl groups from wood polymers are responsible for the material hydrophilicity. The thermochemical modifications considered in this work mainly consist in limiting the access to these groups and / or reducing their number, by impregnation of bio-based monomers / oligomers (oligomers of lactic acid (OLA) or oligomers of butylene succinate (OBS)) followed by their in situ polymerisation by heat treatment. The hygroscopic behaviour of the material, the persistence of oligomers in the wood and the biological resistance of the treated wood are the criteria for the selection of treatments. The selected treatments lead to materials with enhanced dimensional stability and biological resistance. The potential applications of these materials have been evaluated after characterisation of mechanical properties, adhesion of the surface coatings and bonding capacity of the treated wood
Guillemet, Richard. "La gestion de projets fondés sur des connaissances scientifiques en voie d'émergence : le cas d'un projet de recherche relatif à un emballage biodégradable à base de biopolymères issus d'amidon de blé." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000704.pdf.
Full textThese last years, the project management knew a significant development as well by its use in various organizations and sectors as by the theoretical analyses which focus on it. The aim of this work is to show the difficulties induced by such a project management in projects based on the creation of new scientific knowledge likely to give birth to a new paradigm. Starting from the analysis of a research project relative to a biodegradable starch-based packaging, this work shows, firstly, that inherent uncertainty relative to the production of science limits the effectiveness of the project management. Indeed, knowledge to be created for the realization of a project becomes concomitant with the project itself but also with the kind of products and markets and thus with the actors taking part in the project. Consequently, it seems impossible to optirnize the triptych cost/time/quality. Secondly, it highlights that science-based projects are carried out in ex-ante unknown complex interorganisational configurations, which makes problematic any ex-ante constitution of the network in which the project will be managed. Moreover, these inter-organisational configurations require compromises making it possible the convergence of the different objectives and temporal horizons from the various actors taking part in this type of project. Consequently, the project management constitutes a rational myth, which is the result of making the bet to explore only one potentiality of the emergent paradigm whereas there are different ones
Alhajj, Assaf Salim. "Innovative nanostructured textiles for thermal comfort." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I012.
Full textFor the past ten years, photonic nanostructures have represented a paradigm for the control of thermal radiations, offering a panel of exciting properties for energy applications. Because of their abilities to control and manage electromagnetic waves at the Mid-Infrared (Mid-IR) wavelength scale, photonic nanostructures demonstrate their ability to manage thermal radiations properties in a way drastically different from conventional thermal emitters. The fundamental advances in controlling thermal radiation led to different applications in the energy domain, as thermo photovoltaic devices or through the concept of daytime radiative cooling to passively decrease the temperature of terrestrial structures. Recently, another field of application has appeared in the thermal radiation control, with the introduction of photonic nanostructures in textiles for personal thermoregulation. The goal of the thesis is to study different passive photonic membranes that modulate the human body optical radiations in the Mid-IR for personal thermoregulation. We have investigated the optical properties of different polymer membranes, considering the effect of their structuration. We showed that a photonic crystal membrane is able to modulate the transmission coefficient by 28% in benefit or deficit of both the absorption and reflection. We analyzed the thermal balance between the human body and the indoor environment through the photonic membrane, considering the radiation, convection and conduction mechanisms. We found that the temperature of the skin is almost 2°C higher when the human body is clothed with a structured membrane. The study was carried out on analytical calculations and numerical simulation with the help of the finite element method (FEM). The numerical study was supported by experiments in fabrication in the IEMN cleaning room and in characterization by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at the HEI engineering school
Books on the topic "Polymères – Innovation"
Value-Added Biocomposites: Technology, Innovation, and Opportunity. CRC Press, 2021.
Find full textRangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere, Suchart Siengchin, Malinee Sriariyanun, and Hom Nath Dhakal. Value-Added Biocomposites: Technology, Innovation, and Opportunity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Find full textRangappa, Sanjay Mavinkere, Suchart Siengchin, Malinee Sriariyanun, and Hom Nath Dhakal. Value-Added Biocomposites: Technology, Innovation, and Opportunity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Find full textSynthetic Polymer Chemistry: Innovations and Outlook. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2019.
Find full textPonnamma, Deepalekshmi, Marcelo A. Carignano, and Mariam AlAli Al-Maadeed. Polymer Science and Innovative Applications: Materials, Techniques, and Future Developments. Elsevier, 2020.
Find full textThomas, Sabu, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Didier Rouxel, and Sajith Thottathil. Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Find full textAdvanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Find full textThomas, Sabu, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Didier Rouxel, and Sajith Thottathil. Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2018.
Find full textThomas, Sabu, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Didier Rouxel, and Sajith Thottathil. Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations. Apple Academic Press, Incorporated, 2018.
Find full textRoyal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), ed. Renewable resources for functional polymers and biomaterials: Polysaccharides, proteins and polyesters. RSC Pub., 2011.
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