Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymères biosourcés – Synthèse (chimie)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Polymères biosourcés – Synthèse (chimie).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Full textTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Hammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Full textThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Poupon, Andy. "Synthèse d’oligoesters biosourcés pour application en formulation vernis à ongles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R026.
Full textIn order to satisfy the consumer, the major groups from the cosmetic field wish to sell fully biobased nail polish, without loss of performance. Currently, most components of nail polishes can be biobased. However, the secondary film-forming agent, also called resin, remains an obstacle for the production of fully biobased performants nail polishes. This is the aim of this thesis: the development of a fully biobased resin leading to similar performances to the ones reached with their current oilbased equivalents. So, biobased oligoesters have been synthesized with isosorbide and 1,2-propanediol as diols and combination of carboxylic acids. Two different polyesterification processes have been studied. First, the synthesis of oligoesters has been carried out in one step by the modification of an industrial biobased resin which leads to a nail polish showing a lack of hardness and brightness. This incorporation of isosorbide has increased the Tg of these oligoesters. However, their formulation in nitrocellulose solution has produced cloudy solutions contrary to the oil based resins which have produced clear ones. This heterogeneity has been attributed to the presence of significant quantity of residual monomers, essentially isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and also may be to the insolubility of oligoesters in esters solvent due to their higher polarity. Therefore, those formulations have led to coatings with poor properties in terms of adhesion, brightness and hardness. The sequencing of the polymerization in two steps combined to the modification of hydroxy:acid ratio have improved the conversion of isosorbide and other monomers, leading to clear solutions during their formulation. Coatings made from these oligoesters mixed with nitrocellulose solution have exhibited better properties, similar to the coatings made with oilbased resin. But their use in a nail polish model formulation have showed poor properties. This decrease was attributed to the higher polarity of the oligoester and so, their lower solubility in ester solvents. Therefore, an additional biobased solvent more polar has been added to this model formulation to increase its polarity. This addition has led to an increase of the brightness bringing the properties closer to those obtained with oil based resins
Denis, Maxinne. "Synthèse d'additifs retardateurs de flamme biosourcés phosphorés pour l'élaboration de nouveaux polymères pour peinture bois à faible impact environnemental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0021.
Full textSynthesis of new difunctional reactive phosphorus flame retardants monomers and study of their introduction into the polymer matrix by copolymerization. Tests of post-functionalization on conventional polymeric resins and evaluation of the flame retardant properties of the coating. Synthesis of new reactive phosphorus flame retardants from renewable resources to integrate in a partially biosourced polymer formulation
Tremblay-Parrado, Khantutta-Kim. "Synthesis by click chemistry of biobased polyurethane networks with advanced properties." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2020/TREMBLAY-PARRADO_Khantutta-Kim_2020_ED182.pdf.
Full textThe modern era was revolutionized by the invention of plastics and as such have gained prevalence in most aspects of our daily lives, causing an increasing appearance in landfills and oceans. For this reason, sustainable polymer design should not only require the use of renewable resources, but also factor in advanced properties to manage the end-of-life materials for the reduction of energy use, resources and waste. Developing covalent adaptable networks (CANs) has emerged as an interesting alternative to address this problematic, but with little to no application in the domain of biobased polyurethanes. In this work, we utilize the thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction of the furan-maleimide coupling for the synthesis of vegetable oil derived polyurethanes (PUs) with thermo-reversible cross-linking points. Two new building blocks derived from sunflower oil, bearing furan and maleimide moieties, were obtained and incorporated into the synthesis of biobased PU networks. The obtained PU networks yield promising results in terms of polymer properties, thermal recyclability and heat-induced self-healing. The synthesized PU networks provide a stepping-stone in the development of biobased CANs
Lancien, Antoine. "Synthèse d’amines bio-sourcées à l’aide de procédés hybrides combinant des nanoparticules métalliques supportées et des transaminases." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2021/2021LILUR059.pdf.
Full textThe objective of hybrid catalysis is to exploit the advantages of biological and chemical catalysts to access new synthetic routes that cannot be performed independently or to perform transformations that have shown low yields with conventional approaches. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a versatile platform (or building block) molecule that can be used in many industrial applications. In particular, the synthesis of biosourced amino polymers represents a promising method for its valorization. To date, very few studies have described the production of these amino derivatives and their polymers. Finding an efficient methodology to directly convert HMF to 5-aminomethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (AMFC) is therefore a significant challenge. After selecting the best oxidation catalyst for the conversion of HMF to 5-aldehyde-2-furancarboxylic acid and immobilizing a transaminase on a solid support, we were able to implement the first "one-pot two-step" hybrid catalytic process to produce FMCA (77% yield). With 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, 23% yield) as the sole by-product, this represents the most efficient direct catalytic production method of FMCA from HMF reported to date. In addition, a hybrid "one-pot one-step" process for integrated production of FMCA from HMF was also developed with a maximum yield of 20%, this represents a first breakthrough for this platform molecule, and a first achievement for French hybrid catalysis. Finally, the synthesis of a hybrid multi-catalytic material combining palladium nanoparticles and a transaminase, on an EziGTMOPAL support, was achieved and its application led to a final yield of 10% in FMCA. Finally, this concept was also applied to the conversion of a panel of bio-sourced molecules, with in particular the transformation of myrtenol into its amino equivalent according to a "one-pot two-step" process with a yield higher than 99%
Nasr, Kifah. "Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of polyesters by step-growth polymerization : a promising approach towards a greener synthetic pathway." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR030.
Full textEnzyme-catalyzed polymerization have been witnessing a growing attention in recent years as an eco-friendly substitute to metal-based catalysis. The objective of our work is to synthesize a series of polyesters via enzymatic catalysis based on different aliphatic and aromatic diols and diesters, where we focused on the influence of reaction parameters, monomer structures, and depicted the advantages and limitation of enzymatic catalysis in polymer synthesis. The enzyme used throughout our work was Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica, immobilized on an acrylic resin. In Chapter 1, we reviewed the different methods and approaches used in the literature to synthesize polymers via enzymatic catalysis. In Chapter 2, we performed the reaction between hexane-1,6-diol and diethyl adipate via a two-step polycondensation approach where we monitored the effect of certain parameters on the number average molecular weight (Mn). The influence of temperature, vacuum, and the amount of enzyme loading were determined using a central composite design. Other factors such as the reaction media, oligomerization time, and catalyst recyclability were also assessed. In Chapter 3 furan-based copolyesters were synthesized, where we showed that we can incorporate higher amounts of furan when using aliphatic diols with longer chains such as dodecane-1,12-diol. In Chapter 4, levoglucosan, an anhydrous 6-carbon ring structure and a pyrolysis product of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose, was reacted against different chain length diesters in the presence of aliphatic diols and Novozym 435 as a catalyst. The polyesters produced were limited in their number average molecular weight (Mn) and the amount of levoglucosan that was successfully incorporated into the polymeric structure. Nevertheless, by increasing the chain length of the diester, we were able to produce a copolymer containing higher amounts of levoglucosan and a higher molecular weight
Savourat, Pauline. "Structure et propriétés de polusaccharides et copolymères biosourcés obtenus par synthèse enzymatique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4107.
Full textDue to their limited carbon footprint, polysaccharide-based materials are attractive alternatives to fossil carbon based polymers. These macromolecules, which are generally biodegradable, biocompatible and highly hydrophilic . present mechanical properties that are still insufficient for applications in the field of structural materials or most non-food uses. However, their natural sensitivity to water and their biocompatibility can be used in applications with high added value, for example stimulable materials or materials for biomedical use. The project aims to produce diblock copolymers only consists of polysaccharides by combining glycoenzymology and protein engineering. The objective is to obtain new properties by associating the intrinsic properties of the building blocks. Therefore, much of this work has focused to determine and understand the relationships between the structure and the properties of a large panel of synthetic alpha-glucans, including the role of the type and/or the rate of osidic linkages in the main chain or in branching. This approach has made it possible to target the constituent blocks of original copolymers. A wide range of techniques has been used to characterize the structure, the behaviour of molecules in solution and the materials formed. Thus, this work is the subject of major advances in the understanding of the structure / conformation I properties relations of polysaccharides
Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.
Full textOrganic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
Saadaoui, Asma. "Développement de nouveaux monomères biosourcés à base d’Isosorbide et applications à la synthèse de matériaux à applications spécifiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1036.
Full textThe isosorbide and its derivatives are chiral diols obtained from cornstarch. The use of the latter as a monomer for the development of polymers has proved to be effective. The diols match the properties of conventional polymers. As part of this thesis, the diols are used to synthesize new platforms of bio based AA and AB from the 1,4: 3,6 - dianhydrohexitols monomers. The synthesis of intermediaries based on dinitriles or mononitrilies and their derivaties starting from the three isomers as well as the test results from one of these promising monomers polymerization which have been described. The resulting polymer revealed semi-cristallin through stereoregulier AB monomers layout. This work is also the first to describe the use of the reticulants chiral at base of 1.4: 3, 6-dianhydrohexitols participating in the formation of three-dimensional network for the development of polymers to footprints (MIP) Excelsior for detection of Methyltestosterone (MT). The polymers synthesized by polymerization have been characterized by precipitation. The properties of retention were evaluated in batch mode by HPLC-MS/MS. These MIPs present good properties of adsorption towards the MT with factors of footprint greater than 1 showing the effectiveness of printing. These materials have a good ability of adsorption compared to literature. Unprinted polymers (PIN) have shown even greater adsorption capacity than the conventional MIP. The high adsorption capacity was observed in cMIP-Is based on isosorbide for the concentrations (500 mg L-1). The experimental data have been studied according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to interpret the phenomena of adsorption these developed cMIP have been adapted for the methyltestoterone on the phase of extraction (SPE) solid. An extraction procedure has been developed leading through a full optimization finalized by an application in wastewater
Adjidjonou, Kossi. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères supports chiraux : application à la réduction asymétrique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10110.
Full textIyer, Sweta. "Textiles luminescents utilisant des produits biosourcés : une approche bio-inspirée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I026.
Full textTransfer of knowledge inspired by nature to technological applications has enabled scientists to create sustainable solutions. Nature has designed a few biobased molecules that are responsible for bioluminescence and photoluminescence in some living species. In this thesis, the potential use of luminescence phenomena existing in nature toward the attainment of luminescent textiles was explored. In the first part of the thesis, a detailed literature study on luminescence phenomena seen in nature, was reviewed. The results allowed the selection of luminous bacteria reaction system based upon the availability, regeneration of the substrate, and cost of biochemicals. The selected ‘luminous bacteria’ bioluminescent reaction involves two enzyme(s) bacterial luciferase (Luc) and FMN reductase (Red), a biobased substrate flavin mononucleotide (FMN) along with co-factors such as NADH and a long-chain aldehyde. Eco technologies such as air atmospheric plasma and cold remote plasma treatment were used for textile fiber surface activation, allowingenzyme immobilization. Primarily, the catalytic activity and luminescence efficiency of the luminous bacteria system were evaluated and optimized in the aqueous phase, by intensity measurements using a luminometer. Furthermore, the optimized reaction system was incorporated onto textiles to evaluate the bioluminescence effect. The evaluation of the bioluminescent system on textiles showed that the relative light intensity (RLU) as high as 60,000 RLU equivalent to that of LED light could be achieved. The study revealed its first successful attempt to utilize a biomimetic strategy for immobilization of enzyme(s) involved in the luminous bacteria reaction system onto a plasma-activated microfibrous nonwoven textile to attain bioluminescent materials that can be used for various applications. Besides, flavin mononucleotide widely known as 'FMN' is a biobased resource derived from riboflavin (RF). The isoalloxazine ring present in both the RF and FMN molecules attributes the photoluminescence phenomenon. Thus, with the emulation and design to obtain biomimetic luminescent textiles/bioluminescent materials using FMN as a substrate in enzymatic process, the potential use of native FMN molecule as such to produce photoluminescent textiles was also explored. Different functionalisation methods were used to immobilize the FMN inside the textile fiber or at the fiber surface, to produce photoluminescent textiles whose quantum efficiencies were determined Cellulosic textiles functionalized using diffusion method, exhibit greenish-yellow fluorescence, but possess equally multifunctional properties, such as UV protection and coloration. Later, the ability of FMN to implement photoluminescent textiles was explored using inkjet and chromojet (digital printing techniques) by immobilizing FMN on different textile fiber surface(cellulose and polyester). Some of such functionalized fabrics exhibit additionally, antibacterial properties along with other properties mentioned.. Furthermore, the photodegradation study of FMN on printed textiles resulted in varying fluorescence intensity and wavelength, shifting from yellow, to blue and then to white fluorescence, depending on the light irradiation time and intensity. Thereafter, glow-in-dark patterned PET nonwoven panels were designed after surface activation with plasma, using certain biopolymers through screen printing and coating methods. This can allow textile surface pattern designers to create light-emitting textiles with interesting aesthetic expressions. Hence, the study enabled to explore the use of biobased products to produce photoluminescent and bioluminescent textiles using functionalization and eco-technological methods
Hadj, kacem Yosra. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés des oligoesters et composites sulfonés biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI044/document.
Full textThe research conducted in this thesis was achieved in the context of vegetal biomass valorization. It aims to develop a new family of aliphatic oligoesters from biobased monomers and incorporating into their structure sulfonated groups. This choice is justified by the following three considerations. (i) This is a contribution to the valorization of vegetal biomass. (ii) The presence of sulfonated units in the structure of this type of polymers gives them specific physicochemical properties favoring their use in various industrial sectors. (iii) These oligoesters can be subsequently used for the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) networks and ionic liquid-based composites with potentially interesting thermomechanical properties and a great tendency towards hydrolytic degradation
Magliozzi, Fiona. "Synthèse de polyhydroxyuréthanes biosourcés par extrusion réactive : élaboration de matériaux aux propriétés originales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0290.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the application of reactive extrusion to the bulk synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). On the one hand, thermoplastic PHUs have been synthesized from three biobased 5-membered biscyclic carbonates, two of them being ester- or ether- chemically ‘activated’. The complete conversion of reactive functions has been reached in most cases, in relatively short reaction times (few hours), despite very cohesive systems, specifically in the case of one biscyclic carbonate bearing amide moieties. On the other hand, thermosets PHUs with shape memory capacity and reprocessability have been synthesized through this process. Simultaneously, a study was performed on model reactions in order to determine the experimental conditions that limit urea formation during the aminolysis of biscyclic carbonates. Finally, a purification protocol was developed in order to separate the two enantiomers of DGDC biscyclic carbonate. The polymerization of these two separated enantiomers with diamines demonstrated that the stereochemistry of biscyclic carbonate monomers plays a crucial role in the final polymer size and properties
Adhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Full textGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Nguyen, Thi Le Anh. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères de coordination présentant des propriétés redox." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0050.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and characterization (structures and physicochemical properties) of novel crystalline coordination polymers (also called MOFs), either porous or not, which possess redox properties. Two approaches have been developed in order to obtain such materials. The first one is based on the use of redox-active ligand (TetraThiaFulvalene TetraCarboxylic acid or (TTF-TC)H4), the other on the use of an active metallic cation (titanium). Conventional hydro- or solvo-thermal synthesis allowed the preparation of few solids, in which the redox centers adopt their classical oxidation state (TTF0, TiIV). Their structures, as well as their thermal and structural properties have been studied. Their redox properties have been exploited by means of post-synthesis processes (photoreduction or use as electrodes for lithium ion batteries). Using coupled electro-hydrothermal conditions, another solid was produced, this time based on the oxidized form of TTF-TC. The properties of this solid, among which its electronic conductivity, have been evaluated
Lebreton, Arnaud. "Synthèse de polymères en étoile par amorçage pluricarbanionique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009394.
Full textChicart, Philippe. "Oligomères et polymères organosiliciés : synthèse et caractérisation de silacyclophanes et de polysilarylènes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20238.
Full textPanwiriyarat, Wannarat. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés d'un polyuréthane biosourcé obtenu du caoutchouc naturel et du poly(ε-caprolactone)." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795875.
Full textParein, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanocharges thermoélectriques, mise en œuvre et caractérisation de nanocomposites thermoélectriques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2005.
Full textThe aim of this work is to elaborate polymer/thermoelectric fillers composites, in order to help solving the weight, scarcity of the precursors and cost problems of thermoelectric massive materials. Firstly, polymer/bismuth telluride composites have been processed by a micro-extrusion and injection molding process, from micrometric particles. The possibility of obtaining conductive composites by this process has been demonstrated, nevertheless the percolation thresholds of the composites remain high. Secondly, in order to solve this problem, composites have been elaborated from immiscible co-continuous polymer blends. A significant reduction of the percolation threshold has been obtained, due to the selective localization of the fillers into one of the polymer phases. Finally, the elaboration of nanocomposites has also been investigated in order to lower the percolation threshold of the composites. A simple and low-cost synthesis procedure for thermoelectric bismuth telluride nanoparticles has been developed and polymer/bismuth telluride nanocomposites have been processed by micro-extrusion. The characterization of the elaborated nanocomposites has shown a dramatic decrease of the percolation threshold, allowing the limitation of the amount of particles used to get conductive composites, as their overall weight
Bruniaux, Sophie. "Nouveaux hydrotropes biosourcés : conception, synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques en milieu hautement salin." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2378.
Full textHistorically, chemical industry was based on fossil ressources, but alternative processes have been developed since the nineteens to be green and to answer to the environmental eco-responsibility questions. In this context, a collaboration work between three public laboratories and the SAS PIVERT emerged to find new biosourced hydrotropes starting from various polyols – such as glycerol, main byproduct of the fuel production – and resistant to high saline conditions. A specific design was defined by our physico-chemical partner for the synthesis of hydrotropes. Differents approaches were used to obtain these compounds, such as a new method of methylation using sub/supercritical methanol with a phase of optimization, and another about the scope of the reaction that reduced the reaction steps. The transposition of the reductive alkylation of various alcohols was also realized – using a heterogeneous catalysis – with the obtention of various ethers, in continuous flow conditions, by the intermediate of the use of the HCube Pro from ThalesNano
Yalgin, Hasret. "Vers la synthèse éco-compatible de dérivés de quinoléine biosourcés en flux continu." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2256.
Full textThe quinoline motif is present in numerous pharmaceutically relevant drugs as well as in a wide range of active ingredients used in cosmetic and food-processing industries. Despite its prevalence, typical quinoline synthesis reported in the literature are not scalable, and do not involve green protocols that take advantage of renewable resources. To address both limitations, we envisioned a green and industrially applicable approach using abundant resources. Specifically, we faced two main challenges: 1) to develop a sustainable synthesis of quinolines and 2) to apply this synthesis in a flow apparatus for potential industrial application. Throughout this dissertation, we disclose our studies toward the sustainable Skraup reaction. In particular, we developed a flow-synthesis of quinolines proceeding from glycerol - the main byproduct of biofuel production - as a building block and water as a green solvent. This innovative method marks a step toward the green production of heterocyclic compounds
Gagnon-Thibault, Évelyne. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères poreux pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29167/29167.pdf.
Full textGingras, Émilie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères ioniques à base de 2,7-carbazole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27554/27554.pdf.
Full textMarie, Jeremy. "Formulation de pâtes céramiques innovantes contenant des composés organiques biosourcés." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0114.
Full textThe aim of this work is focused on the elaboration of new alumina suspensions with biopolymer additives and rheological properties adapted to the tape casting process. The suspensions used in the tape casting process are basically composed of a ceramic powder, a solvent, a dispersant, a binder and a plasticizer. These additives are usually polymers coming from the petrochemical sector which show risks for the operator health or the environment (in particular with organic solvents). Thus, natural polymers extracted from plants were identified as promising candidates in order to substitute the classical organic additives. Then, the study of the interactions between different organic additives with alumina led to a specific protocol for the formulation of aqueous alumina suspensions with these bio-polymers. Then, mechanical properties of the green and sintered tapes were evaluated in relation with the nature of bio-polymer additives. The obtained densities are close to the values reported in the litterature
Mamad, Hajar. "Elaboration de nanopores biomimétiques à base de cyclodextrine : architectures contrôlées par la synthèse des polyrotaxanes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consisted in using supramolecular chemistry to obtain synthetic nanopores from a controlled scaffold obtained with cyclodextrins, a bio-based and biocompatible oligosaccharide. Indeed, the linear organization of the cyclodextrins using a type of supramolecular assemblies called polyrotaxane, enabled the synthesis of covalent nanotubes, controlling their structural parameters. A proof of concept was realized by synthesizing α-cyclodextrin nanotubes from polyrotaxanes obtained by a radicalar coupling reaction. This synthetic pathway allows the control of the number of cyclodextrins remaining to form the nanotube. After proving their ability to form biocompatible nanopores, we have taken on the challenge of the generalization of the synthetic pathway to the formation of β- and γ-cyclodextrin nanotubes, to obtain nanotubes of various diameters. Thus, their ability to form transmembrane channels was assessed. Chemical modifications were carried out to enhance their nanopore properties. All the nanotube obtained were finely characterized using a cross analysis between the datas obtained by 1H NMR, HRTEM microscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography
Furtwengler, Pierre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux synthons et mousses biosourcés, à partir de sorbitol." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE005.
Full textIn a context of renewable molecules valorization, new molecular architectures and polyols have been developed from sorbitol and various biobased building-blocks with respect to the green chemistry principles. Several polyesters polyol have been synthesized from controlled esterification reactions in bulk conditions. Thanks to the used of variable size diols (C2 to C12) monomers, polyols final viscosity and hydroxyls values were tuned until the obtaining of suitable properties for polyurethanes foams elaborations. Thus, semi-flexible polyurethane foams and rigid polyisocyanurate foams were formulated with fast foaming kinetic profiles (less than 3 min). Rigids polyisocyanurates foams exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties, in great agreement with building insulating application requirement. Otherwise, transesterifications reaction involving sorbitol and dimethyl carbonate were studied in order to develop a new bi-functional chemical platform, a bis-cyclocarbonate. Ring opening polymerization and aminolysis reactions were investigated from this chemical platform to the elaboration of cross-linked polyether and non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU). NIPU syntheses were performed with short and long diamines in order to study the relationships between monomers choice and the resulting polymer material temperature of glass transition
Bouchneb, Kerkoub Maroua. "Synthèse sol-gel non hydrolytique de catalyseurs stables pour l’hydrogénation en phase aqueuse de substrats biosourcés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS147.
Full textFor a more environmentally friendly process, the hydrogenation of biosourced platform molecules such as succinic acid has to be carried out in the aqueous phase. Considering the harsh reaction conditions (160 °C, 150 bars H2, acid aqueous medium), the design of new, highly stable catalysts is needed. The most active and selective catalysts described for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol are based on palladium promoted by rhenium, impregnated on a TiO2 anatase support. In this thesis, the non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been used to prepare different oxide and mixed oxide supports based on TiO2 and ZrO2, which are the most stable oxides under hydrothermal conditions. This process allowed the one-step synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous supports with a controlled crystalline structure and composition. In particular, we showed that it was possible to prepare “promoted supports” (TiO2-Re2O7, TiO2-MoO3, ZrO2-Re2O7, ZrO2-MoO3), incorporating the transition metal promoter, which migrates toward the surface during the calcination. Our hypothesis was that this approach would lead to a better dispersion and possibly a better stability of the promoter, and thus to a more efficient catalyst. The first catalytic tests carried out by our partners at IRCELYON showed that the Pd-based catalysts obtained with our promoted TiO2 supports were more selective and more active than the equivalent catalysts prepared by impregnation from Pd. Then the promoter on a TiO2 support, which seems to validate our initial hypothesis. Catalysis tests on the promoted ZrO2 and ZrO2 substrates are ongoing
Jaillet, Fanny. "Synthèse, formulation et caractérisation de matrices vinylester biosourcées pour l’élaboration de matériaux composites par pultrusion." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0012/document.
Full textThe study presented concern the development of composite material (polymer matrix + fibres) in order to produce windows profiles by a pultrusion process. In the context of this work, several biobased vinylester polymers have been developed as matrix of the composite material. A vinylester resin is formed in two steps: firstly the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer, corresponding to a (meth)acrylated monomer carrying an ester function and having polymerizable double bonds at its ends. Next, the formulation of vinylester material is performed by mixing the vinylester prepolymer with a copolymerizable monomer, called reactive diluent. Finally, the material is crosslinked by radical polymerization, using a radical initiator.First, a model study was conducted: in the synthesis of vinylester prepolymer from a template molecule (DGEBA) to the formulation of a vinylester material by radical polymerization. Severals bioresources were then studied in order to replace the DGEBA which is from bisphenol A, compound CMR, group 2. The strategy was first to study marketed bioresources, such as vegetable oils and cardanol which is a by-product of the cashew nut shell industry. Next, a non-biobased but not listed compound, of the name of TACTIX has also been studied. Finally, bioresources not currently marketed, such as isosorbide which is a sugar derivative and phloroglucinol, which is extracted of bark of trees have also been studied for the synthesis of VE prepolymers and VE materials. The reactive diluent the most currently used is styrene, which is a very volatile and harmful compound. Several reactive diluents were tested with the VE prepolymers synthesized in order to replace the styrene by compounds with low volatility and less harmful. Finally, three composites materials reinforced with flax fibres, were made by mini-pultrusion, from the systems studied (VE prepolymer synthesized and reactive diluent)
Joudieh, Samer. "Biopolymères à base de cyclodextrines : Synthèse, caractérisations physico-chimiques et applications pharmaceutiques." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES017.
Full textThis work of thesis relates to the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of cyclodextrine polymers and for their use in the preparation of binary systems “CD-polymer/Drug”. The objective is to show the interest of these polymers innovating in the galenic formulation for potential applications in pharmaceutical field. The whole of this work makes it possible to conclude that the optimal conditions to obtain a maximum mass soluble polymer yield (40% mass/mass). We characterized obtained polymers by FT-IR, DSC, RX and by SEC/MALLS. Two drugs were retained as tracers: Albendazole, an insoluble pesticide, and Nimesulid, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, amphiphilic and ionizable in water. An important increase in intrinsic solubility for each of the two drugs was obtained thanks to cyclodextrin polymers. This increase in solubility is 100 times more important than that obtained with native cyclodextrins, while at the same time the quantities of polymers used were quite lower than those of native cyclodextrins. Two dosage forms were developed by using the binary systems “poly-CD/PA: pellets and capsules. The polymers of cyclodextrins play the part of excipients for these dosage forms with 95% of CD-polymers in the matrices intended for the filling of capsules and up to 40% to form the matrix of the pellets
Calvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Full textSenhaji, Omar. "Synthèse de tensioactifs méthacryliques et étude physico-chimique de leurs télomères et polymères." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20033.
Full textKerbellec, Nicolas. "Polymères de coordination à base de Terres Rares : porosité et propriétés optiques." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0009.
Full textWe have developed a computational method that allows us to estimate the potential porosity of coordination polymers. This method, based only on crystallographic data, leads to a value which does not depend on sample geometry. It is particularly useful for studying coordination polymers with low thermal stability. It is also useful for comparing the potential porosity of materials with complex networks. We have been then interested in the development of lanthanide terephthalate compounds. All these compounds present only two type of crystallographic structure and one of them contains thirteen different lanthanides with the structure Ln2(TER)3(H2O)4. These compounds have been more particularly studied. We have synthesized nanoparticules using polymer encapsulation technique. Then we have worked on a new type of compounds which simultaneously contain several different lanthanides. The synergy between the different lanthanides ions leads to new compounds exhibiting original properties
Hanouneh, Ahmad. "Synthèse asymétrique d'amines en phase solide." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20211.
Full textDelacroix, Sébastien. "Synthèse de liquides ioniques biosourcés à partir d'acides aminés et d'oses : études de leur immobilisation sur silice et quelques applications." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0112.
Full textThis PhD work deals with the synthesis and applications of some family of ILs, which is newly studied in the laboratory. Four areas of ILs chemistry were chosen giving rise to the four chapters of this report. Chapter 1 and 2 are devoted to the preparation and applications of ILs prepared from amino acids in homogenous phases. On the one hand, new Brønsted acid ionic liquids (BAILs) derived from amino acids and also from tetrazoles were developed. Their syntheses, characterizations and applications in aqueous glycosylation reactions are displayed. On the other hand, new ILs derived from L-Proline esters were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were studied. The last two chapters deal with ILs and supported ILs. Relying on our background experience in electrochemical studies of ILs made starting from L-Pro, the synthesis, characterization and applications in electrochemistry of SILPs (Supported Ionic Liquids Phases) derived from imidazolium salts were performed. Finally, with our experience in preparing supported ILs phases, we decided to use derivatives of imidazolium halides, mainly substituted by sugars. These ILs allowed to generate chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) of palladium supported by silica nanoparticules and to study their applications in asymmetric catalysis
Cathebras, Nathalie. "Polymères uréthanes perfluoroalkylés. Applications : revêtements polyuréthanes, antifouling non biocides, épaississants associatifs." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20029.
Full textDégoué, Émilie. "Contrôle de la toxicité dans la synthèse des polyuréthanes : optimisation des réactions et nouvelles stratégies de masquage par des composés à réactivité orthogonale." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0031/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with several ways to decrease the content of free diisocyanate monomer, often toxic, in polyurethane prepolymers obtained by polyaddition. Three paths were investigated: optimization of formulations and process, and capping with monofunctional agents or orthogonal reactivity compounds. The substitution of a symmetric diisocyanate with a totally asymmetric one, in which one of the two NCO functions is much more reactive, resulted in prepolymers with a monomer content lower than 1%. This way, however, was only efficient with polypropylene glycol oligomers. For the reaction with more reactive macrodiols, the difference in reactivity of the isocyanate groups decreases. For prepolymers with high short macrodiol content, chain interactions, through hydrogen bonds, seem to be easier which, in addition to a decrease in free monomer content, lead to an important increase in viscosity. Thus, for these formulations, the possible improvements through optimization of classical reactions seem to be limited. Finally, in a new approach, the capping of NCO groups by orthogonal reactivity compounds, such as glycerol carbonate, led to a non volatile and certainly less toxic free monomer. Moreover, these compounds are able to extend the capped chains by another reaction and thus limit the amount of plasticizer. Capping, however, involves a decrease in the amount of urea bonds which contribute to hard segments in materials, and a compromise is still necessary to obtain a high hardness
Ismaili, Jihane. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères pour l’élaboration d’un papier semi-conducteur." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0097/document.
Full textThe use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices offers interesting prospects. Indeed, they make it possible to lighten the weight of these devices in addition to greatly reducing the cost of their manufacture. However, one of the main problems associated with these organic semiconductors is their manufacturing process, which requires toxic organic solvents and multiple synthesis steps. In this work, a new environmentally friendly synthesis process has been developed. A single step was necessary for the preparation of the semiconductors, using the polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde.This reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol, a green solvent and without the use of catalysts, thus minimizing energy consumption and using a reaction medium from a renewable and low-toxicity source. After their doping, these polymers exhibited conduction properties comparable to those observed for conventional organic semiconductors.The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of the use of paper as a support for organic electronics devices; hus avoiding the use of generally non-biodegradable and/or non-renewable substrates (plastic or glass). Two strategies have been used to this end. The first consisted of a direct deposit of the semiconducting polymers to the surface of cellulose filaments.The second is based on the creation of a covalent bond between the semiconductors and the Kraft pulp, using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc)
Hugues, Thierry. "Polymères méthacryliques à groupements latéraux perfluorés : synthèse, propriétés de surface : comportement thermique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20131.
Full textPees, Bernard. "Synthèse et polymérisation de monomères acryliques perfluorés : caractérisations physico-chimiques de leurs polymères." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Pees.Bernard.SMZ0056.pdf.
Full textA lot of studies showing the water-repellency of fluorine-containing polyacrylates were reported since 1950. A string connection between these surface properties and the structure of the polymers (bilayer organization of the perfluorinated lateral chains) has been demonstrated. The purpose of this work is the synthesis and the polymerization of new functionalized fluorine-containing acrylic monomers. Then physical and chemical properties of these compounds are investigated. In a firt part, we describe the synthesis of acrylic monomers bearing different kind of organic group (mesogenic group). Particularly, we investigate the free radical addition of perfluorinated mercaptans to [omega]-unsaturated alcohols and the Fisher esterification of β-hydroxyl sulfide with acrylic acid. In second part, the homopolymerization and copolymerization of the previous monomers is studied. Then, the results of physical and chemical properties determinations are detailed. The investigation of the changes of the thermal, strutural and surface properties of [omega]-perfluorooctyl-alkyl acrylates with the increasing of the number of methylen group into the lateral chains, shows an even-odd effect. Structural and thermal properties of fluorine-containing polyacrylates can be increased significantly by adding an organic group into the lateral chain. The mesogenic group effet of these moieties is demonstrated. Finally, a sulfonated monomer is copolymerized with butyl acrylate in one hand and in second with stearyl crylate. The two copolymers water-repellencies are investigated and compared to commercial compounds. The good results obtained and the quite simple synthesis of this monomer, afford a possible commercial use
Fortin, Marie-Julie. "Synthèse de polymères bipolaires à base de 2,7-carbazole pour l'élaboration de diodes électroluminescentes bleues." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24198/24198.pdf.
Full textDerouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Full textControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Derouineau, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude de polymères thermo-associatifs pour le domaine des lubrifiants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET018.
Full textControlling the viscosity of engine lubricants is a key issue to reduce the fuel consumption of engines. A new approach based on the use of thermo-associative polymers has been developed in order to compensate the natural loss of viscosity of lubricants when the temperature increases. To this aim, complementary low molecular weight polymers (for engine targeted application) that can reversibly associate with temperature through the diol-boronic ester exchange reaction have been designed and synthesized. The low molecular weights of the polymers and the dynamic behavior of the boronic ester bond decrease the high shear sensitivity of the system and so limits the shear-thinning behavior of the lubricant. The increase of polymeric function availability as the temperature rises induces polymer association. The reversibility of the thermo-associative association of polymers in non polar oil is seen over several cycles of warming-cooling with the increase of the relative viscosity of the solutions with increasing temperature. Part of the study was also dedicated to the improvement of polymers’ thermal stability in order to maintain the good lubricant properties of the thermo-associative formulations up to 150°C. Many polymers of different natures, sizes and topologies have been synthesized. The flow behavior of these polymers in both individual state in solution or in thermo-associative formulations was studied by rheology, thus enabling to determine the impact of these levers on the solutions properties as a function of temperature
Champagne, Amélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux dérivés de la polyaniline." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28424/28424.pdf.
Full textBartual-Murgui, Carlos. "Polymères de coordination à transition de spin : synthèse, élaboration de couches minces, nanostructuration et propriétés physiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652851.
Full textKrouit, Mohammed. "Vers de nouveaux films photobactéricides élaborés à partir de cellulose et de porphyrines." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e312372f-06e2-458e-8726-0865515666d1/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0053.pdf.
Full textBesançon, Manon. "Synthèse in situ de nanocomposites par chimie sol-gel non-hydrolytique en voie fondu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6pn95cw.
Full textPolymer nanocomposites have drawn considerable attention due to the improvement of structural and functional properties of polymer based systems. The common way to elaborate nanocomposites is the dispersion of fillers into the polymer. However, the agglomeration of nanofillers in the polymer and the increasing concerns about the manipulation of nanoobjects are the main issues of this technique. To overcome these problems, a “bottom-up” approach has been developed in recent years combining reactive extrusion and hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry. This approach has some limitations for non-polar polymers. Indeed, water is required and the surface of such inorganic phases presents hydroxyl groups involving a weak interaction with the polymer matrix. Our approach is to use non-hydrolytic sol-gel chemistry to generate nanofillers in the molten polymer. The specificity of NHSG is the use of an oxygen donor instead of water and the ability to control the shape and the size of nanofillers. Syntheses of titanium dioxide and layered titanium phosphonates were carried out in molten polymer. Different precursors were investigated in order to improve the compatibility between matrix and fillers and obtain homogeneous dispersion of small size fillers. The influence of the polymer nature on the obtained fillers morphology has also been studied
Chatti, Saber. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polymères dérivés des dianhydrohexitols : réactivité et selectivité sous micro-ondes." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112274.
Full textNew diethers were synthesized by dialkylation of dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide, isomannide and isoidide) under phase-transition catalysis (PTC), as model reactions for further polymerization. High yields were obtained under microwaves (more than 90%), under mild conditions (5 minutes at 140°C), in comparison with thermal heating (yields lower than 20%). After optimization of the reaction conditions (temperature, phase transfer agent, solvent, alkylating agent, salts addition), this method was applied to alkylation of monobenzylated dianhydrohexitols with dihalogenes or disulphones as alkylating agents, which leaded to new chiral diols after deprotection of the alcohols. By extrapolation to reactions with alkyl dihalogenes or disulphones, new polyethers were synthesized in good yields, their molecular weight and their structure depending on the monomer, on the substituent and on the activation method. .
Bourgeois, Cury Aude. "Synthèse d'amines encombrées de squelette azanorbornane en vue de leur utilisation comme stabilisants UV." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10123.
Full textGatard, Sylvain. "Nouveaux complexes ruthenium-carbene : synthèse et application à l'amorçage de polymérisation par les métallodendrimères." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12575.
Full text