Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymère à empreintes ioniques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 41 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Polymère à empreintes ioniques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Moussa, Manel. "Développement de polymères à empreintes ioniques pour l'extraction sélective des lanthanides dans des échantillons environnementaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066585/document.
Full textThe analysis of the lanthanide ions present at trace level in complex environmental matrices requires often a purification and preconcentration step. The solid phase extraction (SPE) is the most used sample preparation technique. To improve the selectivity of this step, Ion Imprinted Polymers (IIPs) can be used as SPE solid supports. The aim of this work was the development of IIPs for the selective extraction of lanthanide ions from environmental samples. In a first part, IIPs were prepared according to the trapping approach using 5,7-dichloroquinoline-8-ol as non-vinylated ligand. For the first time, the loss of the trapped ligand during template ion removal and sedimentation steps was demonstrated by HPLC-UV. Moreover, this loss was not repeatable, which led to a lack of repeatability of the SPE profiles. It was then demonstrated that the trapping approach is not appropriate for the IIPs synthesis.In a second part, IIPs were synthesized by chemical immobilization of methacrylic acid as vinylated monomer. The repeatability of the synthesis and the SPE protocol were confirmed. A good selectivity of the IIPs for all the lanthanide ions was obtained. IIPs were successfully used to selectively extract lanthanide ions from tap and river water. Finally, IIPs were synthesized by chemical immobilization of methacrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomers and either a light (Nd3+) or a heavy (Er3+) lanthanide ion as template. Both kinds of IIPs led to a similar selectivity for all lanthanide ions. Nevertheless, this selectivity can be modified by changing the nature and the pH of the washing solution used in the SPE protocol
René, William. "Polymères à empreintes ioniques fluorescents : un outil innovant pour la détection du plomb en milieu marin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0012.
Full textIon imprinted polymers (IIP) are highly cross-linked porous materials with specific recognition cavities of a target ion. Thus, this kind of materials shows high selectivity. This work focuses on the preparation of fluorescent ion-imprinted polymers specific to lead (11), i.e. capable of transforming the ion recognition into a fluorescence signal, for the detection of this contaminant in marine environment. ln a first step, the strategy adopted was to select and synthesise a fluorescent ligand, specific to lead (11) and t study and use it for the preparation of the polymers. This ligand was modified to produce a styrene type fluorescent monomer (ANQ-ST). An exaltation of the fluorescence signal of ANQ-ST was observed along with lead Il addition. The second ste was dedicated to the develo ment of the lead Il ion-im rinted ol mers. Various parameters were tested: polymerization solvants, nature of crosslinking agent (EGDMA and DVB) and ANQ-ST/crosslinker ratio (2 % and 5% molar). A diversified panel of characterization techniques allowed to study the polymer structures and to evidence the integration of the functional monomer ANQ-ST inside the polymer matrix. The last step consisted in evaluating the performances of the IIPs for the detection of lead (Il) by fluorescence. The polymers prepared with EGDMA and 5 % of functional monomer showed the best results For these polymers, IIPs' fluorescence intensity in the presence of lead (11) was almost not impacted by the addition of interfering ion species, unlike their non-imprinted analogs. These results highlight the effectiveness of the imprinting effect. Calibration curves were established in aqueous media at different pH and in different matrices. Those parameters did not have major influences. The limits of detection obtained are below the World Health Organization recommendation (10 µg.L-1 ). These results were successfully validated by the detection of lead in natural samples, includinçi tests in marine media
El, Ouardi Youssef. "Bentonite et diatomite modifiées versus polymères à empreintes ioniques : vers de nouveaux matériaux pour l'extraction du nickel et de l'argent d'effluents contaminés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0013.
Full textThe brassware manufacturing of Fez city produces effluents that are very contaminated by metals such as nickel, silver, lead, copper and zinc. These effluents are directly discharged into the environment with a negative impact on the ecosystems and nearby wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, there is an urgent need for decontaminating these effluents before their treatment. In this context, the objectives of this work were the valorisation of natural mineral substances, bentonite and diatomite, widespread minerals in Moroccan soil although little exploited, for their use as adsorbent phases for nickel and silver extraction. A considerable part of this work has been directed toward modifying the physicochemical properties of these natural materials to maximize their adsorption capacity. In a first step, the modification of the diatomite was carried out by heating treatment at different temperatures (550 to 950 °C). The diatomite calcined at 550 °C showed the best adsorbing capacity towards nickel and silver. The second step was dedicated to the modification of the bentonite by heating treatment (550 °C and 750 °C) and chemical activation by sodium carbonate and by a combined chemical and thermal activation at 450 °C. Bentonites modified by chemical activation with sodium carbonate and by combined chemical and thermal activations at 450 ° C showed the best results. In addition, Ion Imprinted Polymers (IIPs) have been considered as alternative materials to replace these natural materials to improve the selectivity. The last part of this study consisted in comparing the performance of these materials, in order to select the best material for a future application in the remediation of contaminated effluents before their depollution by the treatment plant of Fez city. The nickel and silver concentrations become negligible in the natural samples after adsorption by the studied materials, which perfectly meets the Environmental Quality Standards. These results successfully validated the use of natural and synthetic materials for the extraction of nickel and silver from contaminated effluents
Sala, Alexandre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes ionique du cuivre pour la conception d'électrodes modifiées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0010.
Full textThe use of copper as a biocide in anti-fouling coatings on ships has led to its accumulation in harbour waters. The aim of this work is to develop electrochemical sensors for its detection in marine samples. For this purpose, copper(II)-imprinted polymers were prepared and used for the modification of electrodes.Firstly, imprinted polymer particles were synthesised using a cross-linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) and a functional monomer, methacrylamido-L-histidine (MAH), which can form a complex with copper(II). The physico-chemical characterization of the polymer particles confirmed the integration of MAH and allowed to evaluate the morphological properties of the polymers.The copper(II) binding properties were then evaluated and the particles with the best performance were used to make carbon paste electrodes. These electrodes, with a detection limit of 5.9 x 10-2 μM (or 3.75 μg/L), allowed the determination of copper(II) in marine samples.Finally, new approaches for surface modification were explored for in situ polymer film formation. Thus, iniferters were grafted onto gold electrodes by the formation of self-assembled monolayers but also by electropolymerisation of a polymer with pendant iniferter functions. The latter route allowed the photopolymerisation of a copper(II)-imprinted polymer film on a carbon electrode
Bartkowski, Magali. "Polymère à empreintes moléculaires comme élément de reconnaissance dans un biocapteur." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1775.
Full textSotta, Dane. "Liquides ioniques gélifiés pour les batteries lithium-ion." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0115.
Full textLithium batteries are promising electrical energy storage devices for application in electric vehicles. In these systems the nature of the electrolyte is a key point to control the temperature range of use and the security conditions of the battery. In this context, this work is aimed at developing new gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. The first part of this study has been devoted to formulation and characterization of gelled electrolytes based on an epoxy-amine resin, an ionic liquid and a lithium salt. Physico-chemical properties of these ternary systems have been discussed according to their composition. Gels with high ionic liquid contents exhibit satisfactory ionic conductivity for the considered application. Gel polymer membranes have ben processed and coupled to insertion electrodes to study their electrochemical properties in appropriate prototype cells. In a parallel study, we have focused our investigation on transport properties of charged species in these gels. Besides classical measurements based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, several Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods have been implemented to study local and long range ion mobility. They have shown that particular interactions are established in the gels between the resin and the lithium ions with reduced mobility for the latter. This work has highlighted the link between molecular interactions and electrical properties in the ternary gels and thus it has enabled a better knowledge of the inner limitations of these systems. Finally, further routes have been proposed to optimize gel polymer electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries
Sahun, Maxime. "Développement d'un capteur à base de polymère à empreintes moléculaires pour la quantification de la sphingosine 1-phosphate libre et circulante comme biomarqueur du mélanome cutané." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30242/document.
Full textMelanoma is the most aggressive and severe form of cutaneous cancer due to its high metastatic potential. However, to date, no marker for the early detection of melanoma has been unanimously accepted. Our group has demonstrated that ceramide metabolism is strongly altered in melanoma, leading to the overproduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), one of its derivatives. S1P is secreted by melanoma cells and has been identified as a critical molecule of tumor microenvironment remodeling that supports cancer progression. Physiologically, circulating S1P is predominantly linked to high density lipoproteins (HDLs), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDLs and VLDLs), as well as albumin. Melanoma cells produce unbound S1P that could be responsible for the effects induced by this lysophospholipid on the tumor microenvironment, as a result of its binding to S1PR receptors present on the surface of stromal cells. Thus, secreted tumor S1P could represent a new biomarker for the early detection of melanoma. However, there are currently no means to quantify it. The goal of this interdisciplinary work was to develop a new sensor based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) in order to quantify unbound S1P present in the blood of melanoma patients. This study has been conducted between the "Engineering for Life science Applications (EliA)" group at the Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS) and the "Sphingolipids, metabolism, cell death and tumor progression" group at the Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), in strong collaboration with the team "Biomimetism and Bioinspired Structures" of the University of Technology of Compiègne (UTC). First, we synthesized a new MIP against S1P employing a bulk thermopolymerization approach. The resulting MIP was characterized and optimized by performing both mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements. It was compared to a Non Imprinted Polymer (NIP) and exposed to S1P analogues to assess its selectivity. Second, in order to use the MIP as the sensitive layer of a future sensor and prepare its immobilization and structuration onto a transducer, we synthesized a new surface photopolymerizable MIP. This MIP was first structured by photolithography onto silicon substrates and validated by fluorescence microscopy measurements. The MIP was also structured as a thin layer onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) chips in order to validate its binding capacities using this label-free method. Finally, the use of a MIP-coated optical fiber as an infrared sensor was explored, with the aim of detecting S1P in blood using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy
Colliat-Dangus, Guillaume. "Systèmes réticulés conducteurs ioniques pour application comme électrolyte gel polymère dans les supercondensateurs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1212.
Full textIn order to offer an alternative to the supercapacitors based on aqueous liquid electrolytes that are produced by Hutchinson, this thesis has focused on the development of ionic gels composed of crosslinked polymers containing an ionic liquid phase, that can be used as electrolytes. So, the goal of this study has been to synthesize self-supported thin films (e = 100 µm) with high ionic conductivity.The first two synthesis strategies, respectively based on poly(1,2,3-triazolium)s networks and the crosslinking of polysiloxanes copolymers, did not lead to materials with satisfying properties for this application. So, a third synthesis pathway, based on the copolymerization of acrylate monomers in the presence of imidazolium ionic liquids was developed. As these ionogels were able to contain as much as 70 w% of this liquid phase, ionic conductivities of up to 10-3 S cm-1 at 30°C were obtained, while maintaining good mechanical stability at very low thickness. These electrolytes were characterized by electrochemical measures, and displayed the ability to function inside supercapacitive cells. However, low specific capacities were obtained, indicating that the electrodes’ porosity is only partially filled. Further work is necessary for the optimization of these ionogels, as well as the adaptation of the cells’ components, but these materials showed good potential nevertheless, as they allowed the preparation of functioning cells with the same dimensions as commercial devices
Plesse, Cédric. "Elaboration d'actionneurs à base de Réseaux interprénétrés de polymères contenant un polymère conducteur." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CERG0198.
Full textThe present work deals with the synthesis of interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based on conducting polymer. An IPN is used in order to solve the interface and adhesion problems encountered with the multilayered based actuators. The IPNs are synthesized between poly(ethylene oxide) and polybutadiene networks in which the conducting polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), PEDOT, is gradually dispersed i. E. The content decreases from the outside towards the center of the film. The IPN and conducting IPN morphologies were investigated by DMA and microscopy. The choice of solid polymer electrolyte system is critical when operating in air. Aqueous solution or organic solvents containing electrolytes were first used, but drying process could not be prevented. The most promising results are obtained with a room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI). These actuators can achieve more than 7 106 bendings from 1 to 18 Hz under an applied potential in the range of 2 to 5 V. In order to understand the mechanisms involved during the redox switching of PEDOT in EMITFSI, electrochemical studies of electrodeposited PEDOT were carried out in this ionic liquid. The ions transfer mechanisms were identified. Results indicated that 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation was the exchanged species during the oxidation. In this case, a volume decrease of the conducting IPN was observed during the oxidation process. Then, bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide anion could be viewed as immobile ions trapped in the polymer film. Moreover, the relaxation kinetics of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodeposited on platinum electrode surface were studied in the room temperature ionic liquid, EMITFSI, by means of large amplitude potential step experiments. The influence of the applied potential and the film thickness were analyzed. We have developed a kinetic model allowing the determination of the kinetic features. Finally, galvanostatic studies allow us to show that these conducting IPN actuators behave as a type I supercapacitor. A detailed analysis of the charging/discharging kinetics indicated that a linear correlation was shown between the electrical response (potential versus time) and the mechanical response (bending of the actuator)
Mba, Ekomo Vitalys. "Du polymère à empreintes moléculaires électrochimiques au capteur : Etude de faisabilité pour la détection du Bisphénol A." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0010/document.
Full textMolecularly imprinted polymers are materials with specific recognition properties that can be used for the detection of a wide range of template. In recent years, many works have been reported on their use in sensors because of their capability to specifically bind a defined analyte.The aim of this work is to assign to the molecularly imprinted polymers redox properties in order to detect Bisphenol A (BPA) by using easy electrochemical techniques. These electroactive polymers are synthesizedby precipitation polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (Fc) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA) in the presence of BPA for the imprinted polymer (e-MIP-Fc) and in its absence for the nonimprinted polymer (e-NIP-Fc). The copolymerization of the previous monomer with 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) leads to two other imprinted (e-MIP-Fc-VP) and non-imprinted (e-NIP-Fc-VP) polymers. The resulting polymers are characterized in batch using LC-MS and have ability to recognize BPA with an imprinting factor of 2.5 and 1.3 respectively for e-MIP-Fc-VP and e-MIP-Fc the proving the recognition efficiency ofthese polymers. Their cyclic voltammetry recording confirm first, the good integration of the redoxferrocenyl monomer inside the polymers e-MIP/e-NIP during the polymerization, and on the other hand,the capability of these polymers to reveal the presence of BPA in the solution. The e-MIP-Fc particles were then integrated inside devices like microelectrode and OECT (Organic ElectroChemical Transistor). The first results, even if they must be confirmed, are positive regarding the modification of the electrical properties of these devices in the presence of BPA. The e-MIP-Fc-VP particles, after mixing with a carbon paste, were screen-printed to obtain a modified working electrode in a screen-printed electrode device. This electrode enable the recognition of BPA with limits of detection and quantification of 60 pM and 190 pM respectively, for a concentration range between 0.15 and 1.84 nM, thus opening up interesting perspectives for the detection of BPA in aqueous medium
Mba, Ekomo Vitalys. "Du polymère à empreintes moléculaires électrochimiques au capteur : Etude de faisabilité pour la détection du Bisphénol A." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0010.
Full textMolecularly imprinted polymers are materials with specific recognition properties that can be used for the detection of a wide range of template. In recent years, many works have been reported on their use in sensors because of their capability to specifically bind a defined analyte.The aim of this work is to assign to the molecularly imprinted polymers redox properties in order to detect Bisphenol A (BPA) by using easy electrochemical techniques. These electroactive polymers are synthesizedby precipitation polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (Fc) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EDMA) in the presence of BPA for the imprinted polymer (e-MIP-Fc) and in its absence for the nonimprinted polymer (e-NIP-Fc). The copolymerization of the previous monomer with 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) leads to two other imprinted (e-MIP-Fc-VP) and non-imprinted (e-NIP-Fc-VP) polymers. The resulting polymers are characterized in batch using LC-MS and have ability to recognize BPA with an imprinting factor of 2.5 and 1.3 respectively for e-MIP-Fc-VP and e-MIP-Fc the proving the recognition efficiency ofthese polymers. Their cyclic voltammetry recording confirm first, the good integration of the redoxferrocenyl monomer inside the polymers e-MIP/e-NIP during the polymerization, and on the other hand,the capability of these polymers to reveal the presence of BPA in the solution. The e-MIP-Fc particles were then integrated inside devices like microelectrode and OECT (Organic ElectroChemical Transistor). The first results, even if they must be confirmed, are positive regarding the modification of the electrical properties of these devices in the presence of BPA. The e-MIP-Fc-VP particles, after mixing with a carbon paste, were screen-printed to obtain a modified working electrode in a screen-printed electrode device. This electrode enable the recognition of BPA with limits of detection and quantification of 60 pM and 190 pM respectively, for a concentration range between 0.15 and 1.84 nM, thus opening up interesting perspectives for the detection of BPA in aqueous medium
Sood, Rakhi. "Electrolytes polymère nano-structurés à base de liquides ioniques pour les piles à combustible hautes températures." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819818.
Full textLecavelier, des Etangs-Levallois Hervé. "Etude par résonance magnétique nucléaire des mouvements ioniques et électroniques dans un polymère conducteur : le polypyrrole." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10125.
Full textDahi, Abdellatif. "Elaboration d'une membrane permsélective par imprégnation d'une structure polymère poreuse avec un liquide ionique." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was the development of new and stable immobilized ionic liquid membranes (IILMs) based on a Matrimid® porous membrane impregnated with ionic liquids (ILs). To improve the retention of IL phase in the pores of the Matrimid® membrane, surfaces were treated with different plasma treatments (CF4, N2 and O2). Using a Matrimid® dense film, chemical composition and topography of plasma treated surfaces were then studied by XPS and AFM, respectively. Aging of plasma treatments was also discussed. The influence of the surface modification on CO2, N2 and O2 gas permeation through the plasma treated films was evaluated. The direct immersion method to prepare our IILMs was examined by infrared spectroscopy. The influence of each plasma treatment on the impregnation speed through the surface of various Matrimid® porous membranes (plasma treated or not), the impregnation rate (uptake mass IL) and the stability of prepared IILMs were analyzed. The IILMs were then tested for two applications: the separation of VOCs by vapor permeation and selective transport of protons as electrolyte membranes for fuel cells (PEMFC). In that case, a detailed study of water and volatile organic compounds sorption in ILs was undertaken at the beginning of these tests
Blanco, Jean-François. "Elaboration et caractérisation de membranes de nanofiltration à base de polysulfone sulfonée. Transport d'espèces neutres et ioniques." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES061.
Full textEiamlamai, Priew. "Electrolytes polymères à base de liquides ioniques pour batteries au lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI016/document.
Full textThe new families of lithium-conducting ionic liquids; aromatic and aliphatic lithium salts based on perfluorosulfonate and perfluorosulfonylimide anions attached to an oligoether (methoxy polyethylene glycol mPEG) with different lengths were synthesized and characterized with the aim to improve the salt interaction with the host polymer's POE chains while keeping a high segmental mobility. They allowed obtaining membranes with lower crystallization degree and higher cationic transport number as compared with benchmarked salts. Their properties as lithium salts were investigated in two types of host polymers i.e. a linear polyether (POE) and a cross-linked polyether prepared by a ‘GREEN' process. Their oligooxyethylene moieties improve the lithium cation solvation leading to an increase in cationic transference numbers. Their electrochemical and thermal stabilities are suitable for lithium battery application
Chagnes, Alexandre. "Propriétés de transport dans les électrolytes concentrés à base de y-butyrolactone : application aux accumulateurs rechargeables au lithium." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR4019.
Full textLeyral, Géraldine. "Synthèse et structuration de sulfure de molybdène promu nickel en présence de liquide ionique ou de polymère hydrosoluble amphiphile : application en catalyse hétérogène." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20266.
Full textWith the progressive decrease of oil resources, the production of biomass fuel is a fast growing field. This could limit the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus the global warming. The production of this kind of fuel requires the use of catalysts such as nickel or cobalt promoted molybdenum sulfide. These materials are also crucial during the refining of oil, an essential step to limit atmospheric pollution during the classic fuel combustion. New methods to synthesize and structure NiMoS catalysts have been developed in this work. Two solvants have been studied: formamide and water. The addition of an amphiphilic water-soluble polymer (PEO113-b-PLLA32) in water and of ionic liquids (BMIMNTf2 and BMIMBF4) in formamide led to the structuring of the materials with specific surface areas up to 55 m2g-1. This is a high value for this kind of material, especially since the synthesis is carried out under soft conditions. The first catalytic tests dealt with decanoïc acid hydrodesoxygenation and highlighted a promising activity for these materials
Smolyakov, Georgiy. "Polyélectrolytes et liquides ioniques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766158.
Full textRoman, Lise. "Réactivité des aminés F-alkylées : préparation de nouveaux monoépoxydes et diépoxides F-alkylées : application à la synthèse de tensioactifs ioniques et non ioniques." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4705.
Full textEl, Moujahid Chaouki. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de systèmes aqueux de tensioactifs non ioniques fluorés." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10009.
Full textAlibrahim, Moussa. "Systèmes à base de tensio-actifs non ioniques : Influence de co-tensio-actifs ioniques et structure des phases mésomorphes." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10061.
Full textLe, Moullec Sophie. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour l'extraction sélective de produits de dégradation de neurotoxiques organophosphorés de matrices complexes." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066462.
Full textBourdillon, Céline. "Etude de cristaux photoniques et de polymères stimulables : réalisation d'un capteur de nanoparticules." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066659/document.
Full textSince the emergence of analysis techniques at the nanometer scale, many nanostructures and nanoparticles have been elaborated. Because of the specific properties induced by their size, nanoparticles are present in a lot of products used in the everyday life and can present a high toxicity. This toxicity depends, inter alia, on their size and surface chemistry. Therefore, it is really important to collect and detect them specifically when they are present as trace contaminants. This thesis deals with the combination of the optical properties of a photonic crystal, an opal, and the chemical properties of a stimulable polymer, a nanoparticles imprinted polymer, to realize a sensitive, specific and selective nanoparticles sensor. The nanoparticles that we used as targets are fluorescent CdSeTe/ZnS nanocrystals. In the first part of this thesis, we studied the filtering of the emission of the targets by heterostructures based on direct opals. In the second part, we synthetized, for the first time to our knowledge, a polymer presenting nanocrystals imprints. We used this polymer to realize an inverse opal allowing the sensing of these nanoparticles by specular reflection measurements. This sensor can be generalized to any functionalized nanoparticle
Claude, Bérengère. "Intérêt des polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la préparation d'échantillons par extraction solide-liquide. Applications aux triterpènes dans les plantes et aux dopants dans les urines." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148669.
Full textLa première application révèle l'influence des liaisons hydrogène lors de l'extraction d'un échantillon organique sur un MIP préparé à partir d'acide méthacrylique (MAA). Des expériences de réactivité croisée réalisées sur des molécules analogues à la molécule empreinte (triterpène) montrent l'impact de la nature et de la position des groupes fonctionnels sur la spécificité de reconnaissance des analytes par le MIP. La capacité d'une cartouche SPE est évaluée à partir d'une solution standard puis d'un extrait végétal avec des solvants de lavage adaptés à la matrice.
Les interactions polymère-analyte sont ensuite étudiées dans une matrice aqueuse saline. Deux MIPs respectivement préparés à partir de MAA et de MAA-styrène, avec le clomiphène comme molécule empreinte, sont caractérisés par les isothermes de Freundlich puis appliqués à la préconcentration du tamoxifène, molécule hydrophobe et basique contenue dans des urines hydrolysées et dopées. Les liaisons hydrogène, ioniques et hydrophobes intervenant dans la rétention des analytes sont étudiées par des équilibres d'adsorption et par SPE. La percolation de l'urine sur un support hydrophobe en préalable de la SPE-MIP, ou directement sur un MIP à caractère hydrophobe renforcé (MAA-styrène) entraîne une augmentation des rendements d'extraction avec un nombre d'étapes de lavage réduit.
Zinovyeva, Veronika. "Matériaux composés (polymères électroactif - nanoparticules de métal) et liquides ioniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS056.
Full textThe actual PhD thesis is devoted to syntheses of composite materials combining conducting polymers with transition metals, their characterization with the use of a large set of modern physical, chemical and electrochemical methods and initial studies of their catalytic applications. These processes were realized both in conventional (aqueous and organic) media and in room-temperature ionic liquids. As an approach for the chemical synthesis, a simple one-pot non-template method, consisting in the chemical reduction of various inorganic salts by pyrrole monomer in a set of solvents, was applied. Polymerization of pyrrole with the use of Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts as oxidants was carried out in a wide range of reaction conditions. The kinetics of the polymerization process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS. The obtained materials were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, elemental CHNS analysis, ICP-AES, AFM, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, IR techniques. Catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized Pd/polypyrrole nanocomposites were analyzed for the direct catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics and electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. Alternative ways to conducting polymer preparation in the form of films and powders inside ionic liquids, in comparison to those in conventional media, were described. The influence of the synthesis conditions and of the solvent nature on electrochemical properties and morphology of conducting polymers was discussed. The electrooxidation of ferrocene in ionic liquids was investigated in details, and a model for the diffusional transport in these viscous media was proposed
Boitard, Charlotte. "Polymères à empreintes de protéines couplés à des nanoparticules magnétiques : de la synthèse aux applications en nanomédecine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS032.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of hybrid magnetic nanoparticles for nanomedicine. A major challenge is to propose innovative solutions in the treatment and/or diagnosis of some pathologies, such as cancers. Magnetic nanoparticles are interesting for nanomedicine because they can be employed to magnetically direct a vector toward a target, or locally heat this target when submitted to an alternating magnetic field. Moreover, protein imprinted polymers can be used to selectively target proteins of interest. Thus, the idea of this project is to bind magnetic nanoparticles and protein imprinted polymers (PIP), to propose a new system to target, detect and treat cells of interest. γ-Fe2O3@PIP hybrid nano-objects were synthesized through polymerization of polyacrylamide around template proteins, such as green fluorescent proteins or the glycoproteins CD44. PIP represent less than 30 % of final hybrid nano-objects, which have hydrodynamic diameters smaller than 400 nm, according to the synthetic pathway. Effective targeting of cells displaying these proteins of interest occurred while using γ-Fe2O3@PIP nano-objects. Under an alternating magnetic field, proteins are denatured thanks to magnetic hyperthermia. γ-Fe2O3@PIP particles will not detach themselves from the cell, and will thus be internalized. A further study denoted the absence of an acute cytotoxicity for hybrid nano-objects, which will be metabolized inside lysosomes. Targeting and magnetic hyperthermia properties of γ-Fe2O3@PIP make them ideal candidates to detect cancer metastasis and slow down their development
Bouyahya, Asmaa. "Utilisations originales d'un liquide ionique : catalyseur et support pour la préparation de polymères biodégradables et composant d'une phase stationnaire séparative à base d'une beta-cyclodextrine et d'un polymère ionique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR036/document.
Full textIonic liquids, combinations of organic cations and anions, are structured media of several nanometers and have very interesting and flexible properties. Thanks to these properties, ionic liquids have found a place in abundant applications, particularly in organic synthesis. In this thesis we have presented three different uses: i) The first use is based on the use of ILs as a controlled ring-opening polymerization (POC) catalyst for -caprolactone under mild condition. ii) The second use of ionic liquids is based on the synthesis of an innovative organotin catalyst / initiator supported on an ionic liquid for the preparation of a biodegradable polymer. The presence of the IL should make possible the elimination of the catalyst by simple filtration. The biological tests must agree our theory. iii) The third and last application is based on the creation of an original assembly composed of native and permethylated -cyclodextrins, an ionic liquid and a charged polymer. This new association could give access to water-soluble materials with new separation applications
Jourdain, Antoine. "Nouvelles stratégies pour l’élaboration de polymères conducteurs ioniques fonctionnels à base 1,2,3-triazolium." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI115.
Full textThis thesis proposes new strategies for synthesis of poly(ionic liquid)s based 1.2,3-triazolium (TPILs) involving two successive and orthogonal reactions of azide-alkyne cycloaddition catalyzed by copper (I) and N-alkylation of 1,2,3-triazole intermediates. This reaction sequence allows the development of ionic liquid monomers of a wide variety of structure and polymerizable functions, but also to chemically modify polymers quantitatively. Taking advantage of the chemistry benefits of 1.2,3-triazoliums, three new TPILs were developed by original synthesis methods. The first chapter proposes two new classes of linear TPILs developed using two distinct approaches. The first one consists of the AA + BB polymerization of a 1.2,3-triazolium synthetic diol monomer with four commercial diisocyants to obtain polyurethanes. The second one is the post-polymerization chemical modification of a neutral polysiloxane functionalized thiol by thiol-ene grafting of a 1.2.3-triazolium-based ionic liquid with a vinyl group. This first example of polysiloxane-based TPIL has remarkable ionic conductivity properties. The second chapter presents an exhaustive literature of the different synthesis pathways for the development of crosslinked poly(ionic liquid)s materials (PILs). This study is divided into three parts that distinguish the PILs networks obtained by chain growth polymerization, step growth polymerization and post-polymerization cross-linking. These materials are also differentiated according to their microstructure (dense, porous, gel membranes and colloid) and their applications (solid electrolytes, CO2 sorption and storage, catalysis, etc.). The third chapter proposes a new pathway to crosslinked PILs. It deals with the synthesis of an ionic liquid monomer diepoxy based 1.2,3-triazolium and then its homopolymerization by cationic ring opening polymerization. Polymerizing kinetics and physical properties of the network are compared to a structural analogue that does not have ionic liquid groups. This new strategy afforded materials with high ionic conductivity without the use of co-monomers
Rabbe, Louis-Marie. "Comportement physico-chimique d'un contact métal/polymère soumis à un frottement sous petits débattements en milieu chlorure : influence des traitements de surface par implantation et nitruration ioniques." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG4207.
Full textOuld, M'Bareck Chamekh. "Elaboration des membranes ioniques à base de poly (alcool vinylique), par formation d'un réseau semi-interpénétré. Réticulation par un agent gazeux." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES007.
Full textBharwal, Anil. "Cellules solaires à colorant tout solide composées d'une électrode de TiO2 à porosité hiérarchisée et d'un électrolyte polyliquides ioniques à matrice polysiloxane." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI007/document.
Full textDSSC is a 3rd generation photovoltaic technology with potential to economically harvest and efficiently convert photons to electricity. Full solid state-DSSC based on solid polymer electrolyte prevents the solvent leaking and evaporation during cell fabrication and operation, which will effectively prolong the cell life time. However, it suffers from low ionic conductivity and poor pore infiltration.The present thesis is dedicated to the concomitant development of polysiloxane-based polymer electrolytes on one side, and TiO2 photoanodes with tuned porosity on the other side, and their incorporation in solid state dye sensitised solar cell (ss-DSSCs), with the aim to improve their photovoltaic efficiency and the long term stability. To best of our knowledge, DSSCs comprising bimodal TiO2 layers and polysiloxane electrolytes have never been reported.The ionic conductivity and tri-iodide diffusion coefficient of the polysiloxane-based poly(ionic) liquids (PILs) were largely improved by adding of ionic liquids (ILs) or ethylene carbonate (EC), achieving ionic conductivities of 10−4 -10−3 Scm−1. The DSSCs fabricated with the optimized electrolytes showed efficiencies up to 6%, with long term stability for 250 days.Bimodal TiO2 films with dual porosity (meso- and macro-porosity) were fabricated by spin-coating, by using soft and hard templating. The dual templated films benefit from increased pore size while maintaining high surface area for dye adsorption. Bimodal films were shown to be more efficient when tested with polymer electrolytes, having comparable efficiencies with liquid electrolyte when in DSSCs, despite lower dye uptake.This thesis brings a significant contribution to the field of DSSCs as efficient and stable solar cells were prepared from newly synthesized polymer electrolytes and bimodal films
Molmeret, Yannick. "Mise en forme par extrusion de polymères fonctionnels conducteurs protoniques : polysulfones sulfones/liquides ioniques : application dans le domaine des piles à combustible." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0040.
Full textThe research presented here was conducted in the CLIPPAC project that was a part of the national French project National Plan for Hydrogen (PAN-H) in 2005. This ambitious study was conducted between nine labotaries and an industrial partner, with the objective of finding an innovative solution to one of the main obstacles found in the PEMFC development : the working temperature. New material development that could be used in high temperature PEMFC is ambitious, but it would allow to increase the thermal resistance of the polymers used and at the same time would allow us to try to decrease the price of such material by integrating the question of their elaboration and processing in the same study. The path we followed consists in the joint used of Protonic Conductive Ionic Liquids (PCILs) incorporated in a conductive polymer membrane made of sulfonated polysulfone (SPSu). The PCIL should boost the conductivity of the material, while the polymeric membrane will maintain good mechanical properties. The PCILs study showed that different parameters are linked to good conductivity performances, such as the anion strength and size. We then chose to use the extrusion process to produce the membrane. This process well used in the polymers industry is innovative in the field of high properties polymers, since it is hard to maintain the polymers properties throughout the extrusion. The modus operandi we chose was to use the PCIL as a permanent aid-process plasticizer that allows us to produce in a single operation a membrane filled with a conductive ionic liquid
Gu, Yingying. "Membranes polymères fonctionnalisées par des poly(liquide ionique)s et des nanoparticules de palladium : applications au captage de CO2 et aux membranes catalytiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30157/document.
Full textPolymeric support membranes were modified via photo-grafting by poly(ionic liquid)s (polyILs), featuring in the capability to separate CO2 from other gases and to stabilize metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). For CO2 capture, a thin polyIL-IL gel layer was homogenously coated on support hollow fibers. The composite fibers show high CO2 permeance and reasonable CO2/N2 selectivity. For the catalytic membrane, palladium NPs were generated inside a grafted polyLI layer. Compared to colloidal palladium system in a batch reactor, the catalytic membrane, as a contactor membrane reactor, is more efficient in terms of reaction time (ca. 2000 times faster), selectivity and MNP retainability. Theoretical study on reactor modeling, concentration & temperature profiles, and production capacity was done for an overall understanding of the catalytic membrane
Guerrisi, Burger Catherine. "Intéractions électrolytes 1:1 surfactants non-ioniques polyoxyéthyles et influence sur les zones d'existence de phases microémulsions fluoro-carbonées : Étude de quelques transitions structurales dans ces phases." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10081.
Full textTunckol, Meltem. "Fonctionnalisation de Nanotubes de Carbone Multi-Parois par des Polymères." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0066/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polymers with the aim to achieve a high level of dispersion in polymer matrices. Chapter I gives a comprehensive review of the state of the art of hybrids of ionic liquids with carbon nanomaterials, particularly, nanotubes and more recently, graphene. Chapter II starts with a general overview of the non-covalent adsorption of polymers onto the CNT surfaces followed by a detailed description of the study carried out on the non-covalent functionalization of CNTs with various imidazolium based polymerized ionic liquids (PIL). For this purpose, we further compare the two experimental methods: in situ polymerization and solution mixing. One of the most important applications of CNT is in polymer/CNT composites. Chapter III describes the formation of polyetherimide/CNT composites starting from PIL-CNT hybrids obtained in Chapter II. The preparation and characterization of composites using solvent casting methods have been detailed. Pristine, acid oxidized and PIL functionalized CNTs have been compared. Mechanical, thermal and electrical property measurements on these composites have also been described. The last chapter – Chapter IV, divided into two sections, discusses the covalent functionalization of CNTs with a variety of polymers using two main approaches: “grafting from” and “grafting to”. Using the first approach we have grown polyamide (PA) chains from the surface of caprolactam grafted CNTs by anionic ring opening polymerization. The tensile properties of the PA based composites prepared therefrom containing pristine, amine- and PA-functionalized CNTs have been investigated. The radical polymerization of vinyl imidazolium based IL monomers attached to the activated CNT surface is also given in this section. In the second part of Chapter IV, we have reported several “grafting to” functionalization strategies including radical addition and “defect site” grafting used for the preparation of CNTs covalently attached with polymers intended to blend well with epoxy matrices
Chaudoy, Victor. "Electrolytes polymères gélifiés pour microbatteries au lithium." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4019/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a new polymer gel electrolyte was prepared and optimized for Li based microbatteries. The gel consisted of an ionic liquid based phase (P13FSI/LiTFSI) confined in a semi-interpenetrating polymers (sIPN) network (PVdF-HFP/crosslinked PEO). sIPN electrolytes were prepared and optimized according to the PVdFHFP/ crosslinked PEO ratio and the liquid phase fraction. Furthermore, the sIPN electrolyte was used as an electrolyte in Li/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 battery. The performances of the battery (specific capacity, efficiency, cyclability) were determined and compared to batteries using a crosslinked PEO or PVdF-HFP based gel. Such a thin and stable sIPN electrolyte film enabled the preparation of Li based microbatteries using thermal evaporation deposition of lithium directly conducted on the sIPN electrolyte film. This assembly (Li/sIPN) was therefore used to prepare a LiCoO2/sIPN gel/Li quasi solid-state microbattery. This microbattery showed a stable nominal capacity of 850 μAh for over 100 cycles of charge and discharge under 1 C rate at 25°C
Frenck, Louise. "Study of a buffer layer based on block copolymer electrolytes, between the lithium metal and a ceramic electrolyte for aqueous Lithium-air battery." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI041/document.
Full textThe lithium-air (Li-air) technology developed by EDF uses an air electrode which works with an aqueous electrolyte, which prevents the use of unprotected lithium metal electrode as a negative electrode. A Li+ ionic conductor glass ceramic (LATP:Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3) has been used to separate the aqueous electrolyte compartment from the negative electrode. However, this glass-ceramic is not stable in contact with lithium, it is thus necessary to add between the lithium and the ceramic a buffer layer. In another hand, this protection should ideally resist to lithium dendritic growth. Thus, this project has been focused on the study of block copolymer electrolytes (BCE).In a first part, the study of the physical and chemical properties of these BCEs in lithium symmetric cells has been realized especially transport properties (ionic conductivities, transference number), and resistance to dendritic growth. Then, in a second part, the composites BCE-ceramic have been studied.Several characterization techniques have been employed and especially the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (for the transport and the interface properties), the small angle X-ray scattering (for the BCE morphologies) and the hard X-ray micro-tomography (for the interfaces and the dendrites morphologies). For single-ion BCE, we have obtained interesting results concerning the mitigation of the dendritic growth. The hard X-ray micro-tomography has permitted to show that the mechanism involved in the heterogeneous lithium growth in the case of the single-ion is very different from the one involved for the neutral BCEs (t+ < 0.2)
Houachtia, Afef. "Dielectric investigations on attograms and zeptograms of matter." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI006/document.
Full textDielectric investigations on attograms (1 attogram = 10 -18 gram) and zeptograms of matter (1 zeptogram = 10 -21 gram) offer the possibility of exploring the transition between nanoscience and molecule physics, opening the door for fundamental questions in soft-matter physics, such as for instance “What is the minimum amount of matter necessary to “define” the material properties?”. The electric and dielectric properties of materials at this level are investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. This technique provides an extraordinary broad frequency range, for measuring dielectric properties of matter, covering more than 10 orders of magnitude, typically from 10-3 to 10+7Hz. It ensures a precise characterization of large diversity of physical phenomena taking place at different length and time scales such as: phase transitions, density fluctuations, molecular fluctuations, charge transport processes, etc. Measurements on the scale of attograms and zeptograms require sample cells having all three dimensions on the nanometric length-scale. Based on the concept of employing nanocontainers as experimental cells, a novel experimental development allowing investigations on molecular dynamics and phase transitions of polymeric materials down to the level of zeptograms is demonstrated in the present PhD study. This approach enables one to crystallize tiny amounts of matter under high electric fields with the goal of inducing a macroscopic coherence of molecular functionalities. This could give rise to new material properties, not naturally available in the case of bulk materials
Yang, Jing. "Phosphonium ionic liquids : Versatile nanostructuration and interfacial agents for poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI072/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with an understanding of the versatile roles of phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) as nanostructuration and interfacial agents for the fluorinated polymer matrix, i.e.,poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)). In this context, two phosphonium ILs with different functionalities in steric hindrance and extra dipolar groups are firstly incorporated in P(VDF-CTFE) matrix to prepare polymer films. The crystalline phase structure, dispersion morphology and crystallization behavior are finely characterized with the goal of providing a full and deep understanding of the versatile and tunable nanostructuration effect of phosphonium ILs. Subsequently, in order to elucidate the mechanism of interfacial influence of IL, a fluorinated phosphonium IL with a cation structure combining three phenyls and a short fluorinated chain is added on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), making them as functional nanofillers to be incorporated into P(VDF-CTFE) matrix. Thus,P(VDF-CTFE)/graphene composite films with different filler contents are prepared in order to investigate the mechanism of interfacial interaction and its influence on the composite films, such as crystalline phase structure, crystallization behavior, chain segmental relaxation behavior, dispersion morphology and the final dielectric properties
Havard, Thierry. "Application des liquides ioniques polymériques à empreinte moléculaire pour la résonance de plasmons de surface." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19518.
Full textEnergetic material residues from military training munition are potentially harmful and need to be constantly surveyed in order to never exceed the environmental criterion. Yet, current methods are tedious and fail to provide real-time concentration of these contaminants. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors have gained high interest in the past decade due to their great sensitivity and the possibility of rapidly assessing samples. Molecularly imprinted polymeric ionic liquids are a promising new class of polymer that could bring a novel and adaptable approach for selective extraction of organics in water. They combine the ionic liquid’s extraction properties to molecularly imprinted polymer’s (MIP) tunable selectivity. The ionic liquid monomer is designed for optimal interaction with the energetic material, as its anion greatly affects he monomer’s solubility and interaction. Chemically, MIPs have the great advantage of being very versatile. In other words, changing the template is enough to modify the MIP’s selectivity. Hence, the potential of the method presented here is highly promising. Various molecularly imprinted polymeric ionic liquids grafted on gold thin films have been tested via SPR for the quantification of energetic materials. The results show that the molecularly imprinted polymers film displayed good imprinting effect. Yet there still are issues concerning the reproducibility of the gold’s surface functionalization. The results in the following experiments suggested that a combination of SPR sensing with molecularly imprinted polymeric ionic liquids is a promising alternative method for subnanomolar detection of energetic materials in aqueous media.