Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymerase chain reaction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymerase chain reaction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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Namuth, Deana M. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 33, no. 1 (2004): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2004.0179b.

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Sheppard, Haynes W. (Chip). "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 8 (August 1991): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30146878.

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Seemayer, Thomas A. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Pediatric Pathology 10, no. 3 (January 1990): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15513819009067120.

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Teba, Luis. "Polymerase chain reaction." Critical Care Medicine 27, no. 5 (May 1999): 860–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199905000-00005.

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Schochetman, G., C. Y. Ou, and W. K. Jones. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Infectious Diseases 158, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.6.1154.

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Sheppard, Haynes W. (Chip). "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 8 (August 1991): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646386.

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Morrison, Karen E. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Practical Neurology 2, no. 5 (October 2002): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1474-7766.2002.00088.x.

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Chesters, John K. "Polymerase chain reaction." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, no. 1B (March 1996): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19960053.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 6 (June 2019): pdb.top095109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top095109.

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Ling, Mark R. "Polymerase chain reaction." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 28, no. 2 (February 1993): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81159-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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Feugeas, Olivier. "Pcr (polymerase chain reaction) et vih." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M264.

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Lantz, Pär-G. "PCR-based detection of microorganisms in complex biological samples." Lund : Dept. of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39178906.html.

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Verhaegen, Monique Elise. "Novel approaches in quantitative polymerase chain reaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ52489.pdf.

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Chiou, Jeffrey Tsungshuan. "A novel capillary polymerase chain reaction machine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8864.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 254-268).
I built a novel prototype capillary polymerase chain reaction machine. The purpose was to perform a single reaction as fast as possible with a reaction volume - 100 nl. The PCR mix is in the form of a 1 /1 droplet that moves between three heat zones inside of a 1 mm I.D. capillary filled with mineral oil via pneumatic actuation. A laser beam waveguides down the capillary until it strikes the drop, at which point it scatters. The scatter is picked up by a series of photodiodes to provide position feedback. Due to the efficient heat transfer arrangement, the drop can transition between different temperature steps in -2 seconds, which includes both drop motion and temperature equilibration. It was extensively tested in both 10-cycle and 30-cycle PCR, including nearly 200 successful 30-cycle runs. The 30-cycle PCR was typically 74% (as high as 78%) efficient, and took only 23 minutes. This compares well with existing machines in the literature.
by Jeffrey Tsungshuan Chiou.
Ph.D.
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Clackson, Timothy Piers. "Antibody engineering using the polymerase chain reaction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316695.

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Linley, M. "The detection of polymerase inhibiting lesions using the polymerase arrest polymerase chain reaction assay." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637924.

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There is a constant need to determine the genotoxic potential of the agents to which the human population is exposed. The stringent testing of new products is legislatively controlled and dependent on the accumulation of sufficient scientific data to allow an analysis of the risk. It is important to predetermine any risks in the workplace prior to the presentation of disease and to provide factual public information on personal exposure e.g. the risks associated with UV light. Various experimental assays have been developed to assess the genotoxicity, mutagenicity and mcarcinogenicity of given physical and chemical agents. The Polymerase Arrest- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PA-PCR) assay was employed to investigate the genotoxic effects (DNA adducts, DAN strand breaks and DNA crosslinking) of various physical and chemical agents on naked isolated DNA. The assay was modified to provide two adapted methods, which increased the sensitivity of the assay to report DNA damage at significantly lowered exposure levels. The ability of the PA-PCR assay to perform as an initial screening process for genotoxic activity was assessed and determined.
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Nebbali, M. "Human gene mapping using the polymerase chain reaction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317395.

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Borges, Pinto Lais Izabel. "Alu-polymerase chain reaction genomic fingerprinting in neuroblastoma." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366679.

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Erill, Sagalés Ivan. "High-speed Polymerase chain reaction in CMOS-compatible chips." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3031.

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En la última década del siglo XX, el campo de los microsistemas para análisis total (µ-TAS) y, más concretamente, el de los DNA-chips ha adquirido una importancia preponderante en el ámbito de los microsistemas. En gran parte, el creciente interés por estos dispositivos se debe a las substanciales mejoras que prometen: análisis más rápidos, baratos y automatizados, pero también es debido a la posibilidad de implementar técnicas analíticas antes impensables (e.g. chips de hibridación). En el caso particular de los DNA-chips, se han desarrollado prototipos funcionales para PCR, LCR, electroforesis en gel, di-electroforesis, hibridación y varias combinaciones de estas técnicas, al tiempo que los chips de hibridación masiva (mayoritariamente basados en arrayers) han llegado a convertirse en un éxito comercial. Aun así, y aunque se ha llevado a cabo mucho trabajo en estos años, es necesaria todavía mucha investigación para afrontar algunos de los principales retos de los DNA-chips.
En el transcurso de esta tesis doctoral, se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo un proceso tecnológico común para la fabricación de DNA-chips multifunción (i.e. sistemas versátiles basados en PCR y electroforesis), poniendo un especial énfasis en la compatibilidad con los procesos CMOS estándar, a fin de conseguir desarrollar prototipos proto-industriales. Como demostrador de esta puesta a punto tecnológica, se han diseñado, fabricado y testado chips de PCR, y la PCR en chips ha sido optimizada con respecto a materiales de fabricación, metodologías de inserción/extracción, composición bioquímica de la mix de PCR, diferentes configuraciones de calentadores/sensores (Peltier/termopares vs. resistencias integradas) y la cinética de la reacción.
In the last decade of the twentieth century, the fields of µ-TAS and, more specifically, DNA-chips have acquired increasing importance in the microsystems arena. The main reason for this surge of interest lies in the advantages these new devices seek to bring forth: faster, cheaper and completely automated analyses, and also in the outbreak of novel analytical techniques (e.g. hybridization chips). In the particular case of DNA-chips, functional prototypes have been demonstrated for PCR, LCR, gel electrophoresis, di-electrophoresis, hybridization and various combinations of these techniques, whilst hybridization chips (mainly arrayer chips) have become a successful market application. But, even though a considerable amount of work has been carried out in these few years, much research is still required to address fundamental problems of DNA-chips.
In this doctoral work, a common-ground technological setup for the production of multifunction DNA-chips (i.e. PCR plus electrophoresis systems) has been laid down, placing strong emphasis in its compatibility with standard CMOS processes in order to produce proto-industrial prototypes. As a demonstrator of this technological setup, PCR-chips have been designed, manufactured and tested, and the chip PCR reaction has been optimized with respect to surface materials, insertion and extraction methods, biochemical mix composition, heater/sensor setups (Peltier/thermocouple vs. thin-film driven systems) and reaction kinetics.
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Aydin, Gamze. "Detection Of Genetically Modified Maize Via Polymerase Chain Reaction." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605495/index.pdf.

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In recent years, foods produced by genetic engineering technology have been on the world food market. The biosafety aspects, regulations, and labelling of these foods are still contentious issues in most countries. It is necessary to have approval for the use of GMOs in the production of food. Thus, detection and quantification of GMOs play crucial role for developing regulations on GM foods. In this study, raw and processed maize samples were analysed for genetic modification using a DNA based detection method, the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Ten raw food and 18 processed maize food including maize flour, starch, corn flakes, maize chips were collected from different markets located in different places in Turkey. The samples were examined for the presence of genetic elements located in the majority of transgenic crops such as NOS terminator, CaMV 35S promoter, kanamycin resistance (KanR) gene, using conventional PCR with oligonucleotide sets targeting to novel genes. Furthermore screening was conducted via Real-Time PCR assay for NOS terminator and 35S promoter. For confirming the presence of Bt11 maize lines event specific primers were utilised. Quantification of Bt11 maize lines were performed via Real-Time PCR. The result indicates that foreign genetic elements were found in all analysed raw material. In six out of 10 raw material, presence of Bt11 gene were identified. GMO detection was also possible for maize flour and starch, however in processed material as corn starch, corn flakes, corn chips and pop corn, transgenes were not detected.
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Books on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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1943-, Erlich Henry A., Gibbs Richard, and Kazazian Haig H, eds. Polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989.

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Hernández-Rodríguez, Patricia, and Arlen Patricia Ramirez Gomez. Polymerase chain reaction. Rijeka: Intech, 2012.

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Norman, Arnheim, ed. Polymerase chain reaction. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.

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Mullis, Kary B., François Ferré, and Richard A. Gibbs, eds. The Polymerase Chain Reaction. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0257-8.

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B, Mullis Kary, Ferré François, and Gibbs Richard, eds. The Polymerase chain reaction. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1994.

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Oswald, Nick, and Suzanne Kennedy. PCR troubleshooting and optimization: The essential guide. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2011.

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Tevfik, Dorak M., ed. Real-time PCR. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Julie, Logan, Edwards Kirstin, and Saunders Nick, eds. Real-time PCR: Current technology and applications. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2009.

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Eeles, Rosalind A. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): The technique and its application. Austin: R.G. Landes Co., 1993.

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Ralph, Rapley, ed. PCR sequencing protocols. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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Lefebvre, Cedric W., Jay P. Babich, James H. Grendell, James H. Grendell, John E. Heffner, Ronan Thibault, Claude Pichard, et al. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1785. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3252.

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Briones, Carlos. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1323–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1252.

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Dijkstra, Jeanne, and Cees P. de Jager. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Practical Plant Virology, 415–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72030-7_64.

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Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, and Iva Singh-Sawhney. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Techniques in Molecular Medicine, 207–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59811-1_14.

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Debnath, Mousumi, Godavarthi B. K. S. Prasad, and Prakash S. Bisen. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities, 129–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3261-4_9.

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Pasic, Maria, Carlo Hojilla, and George M. Yousef. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Molecular Testing in Cancer, 39–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8050-2_4.

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Briones, Carlos. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1996–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1252.

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Broll, Hermann. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Molecular Biological and Immunological Techniques and Applications for Food Chemists, 41–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470637685.ch2.

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Rapley, Ralph. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 305–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-642-3_25.

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Olsen, John L. "Polymerase Chain Reaction." In Encyclopedia of Immunotoxicology, 715–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54596-2_1193.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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Persat, Alexandre, Tomoyuki Morita, and Juan G. Santiago. "On-Chip Isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43070.

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We present a novel technique for on-chip PCR where temperature is held constant and uniform in the reactor. Specific chemicals, known as denaturants, have the ability to melt DNA. A flow control scheme establishes spatio-temporal fluctuations in the concentration of denaturants along a microchannel, while electromigration drives DNA through this spatially varying denaturant concentration field. Preliminary results show denaturation and extension of a 200 base pairs (bp) DNA template.
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Cetin, Barbaros, and Ilbey Karakurt. "MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION OF MICROFLUIDIC REACTOR FOR POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION." In Proceedings of CONV-14: International Symposium on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer. June 8 - 13, 2014, Kusadasi, Turkey. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2014.intsympconvheatmasstransf.420.

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Huang, Hai-Hui, G. E. Hedrick, Robert Burnap, and Haobo Liu. "Genome-wide polymerase chain reaction primer design." In the 2000 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/335603.335697.

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Lin, Yu-Cheng, and Hua-Lin Wu. "Nanoparticle-Assisted High Efficient Polymerase Chain Reaction." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70214.

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This paper reports that the Au nanoparticles could dramatically enhance efficiency of polymer chain reaction (PCR) and shorten reaction time. The excellent energy transfer property of the nanoparticles should be the major factor in improving the PCR efficiency. With the addition of 0.7 nM of 13 nm Au nanoparticles into the PCR reagent, the PCR efficiency was increased. The results demonstrated that Au nanoparticles increase the sensitivity of PCR detection 5–10 fold in a slower PCR system (i.e. conventional PCR) and at least 104 fold in a quicker PCR system (i.e. real-time PCR). This innovation could improve the PCR efficiency using non-expensive polymerases, and general PCR reagent.
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Yeow, John T. W., and Weijie Wan. "The effects of nanoparticles on polymerase chain reaction." In 2010 5th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2010.5592191.

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Wang, Jinhe, and Nan Zhang. "Proportional-Integral-Differential Controller for Polymerase Chain Reaction." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.724.

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Da-Jeng Yao and Jhao-Rong Chen. "Micro raleigh-benard convection polymerase chain reaction chip." In 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics - ROBIO. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2005.246284.

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Lee, Mi-So, Chan-Young Park, Yu-Seop Kim, Hye-Jeong Song, and Jong-Dae Kim. "Failure Prediction of Polymerase Chain Reaction Thermal Cycler." In Advanced Science and Technology 2017. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2017.143.23.

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Hilton, J. P., T. Nguyen, M. Barbu, R. Pei, M. Stojanovic, and Q. Lin. "Pathogen detection using microfluidic bead-based polymerase chain reaction." In TRANSDUCERS 2011 - 2011 16th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2011.5969357.

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Jinhe Wang and Nan Zhang. "Application of cascade control in the polymerase chain reaction." In 2008 3rd IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2008.4582914.

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Reports on the topic "Polymerase chain reaction"

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O'Leary, Timothy J., Melanie Cushion, Cynthia Wright, Thomas Fanning, and Mark Tsai. Polymerase Chain Reaction Based Diagnostic Assays for Pneumocystis Carinii. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248259.

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Black, Jonathan. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) of Filamentous Fungi in Carpet. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2009.mr.0011.0909.

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Osburn, Bennie, Marius Ianconescu, Geoffrey Akita, and Rozalia Kaufman. Rapid, Sensitive Bluetongue Virus Serogroup and Serotype Detection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7612836.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were to enhance animal health by 1) development of a BTV serogroup diagnostic assay using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 2) development of a BTV serotype specific diagnostic PCR assay. A PCR assay for diagnosis of bluetongue virus (BTV) serogroup from clinical samples meeting the criteria of objective 1 was developed. This PCR assay is more sensitive than virus isolation and has been adopted by both the U.S. and Israeli collaborating laboratories of this project, as well as at least one other U.S. laboratory for routine diagnosis of BTV infection in ruminants. The basic BTV PCR protocol has also become an essential tool in BTV molecular research in both collaborating laboratories. During development of the BTV serotype specific PCR we had the opportunity to investigate a nationwide outbreak of abortions and fatal disease in dogs in the U.S. purportedly due to BTV infection via a BTV contaminated canine vaccine. The BTV serogroup PCR was integral in confirming BTV in tissues from affected dogs and in lots of the suspect vaccine. This led to the first published report of BTV infection in dogs. We discovered that BTV can produce silent persistent infection in canine cell culture. This indicated a need for more stringent screening of biologics for occult BTV infection. A novel mixed cell culture method was developed to identify occult BTV and other occult viral infection cell cultures. Serotype specific primers for PCR detection of all U.S. BTV serotypes and two Israel serotypes (BTV-2 and 10) have been evaluated and are available. A subsequent collaboration would logically include sequencing of the L2 genes of Israel BTV-4, 6 and 16, allowing incorporation of these Israel BTV serotypes into a multiplex PCR assay.
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Churchill, M. E., M. A. Gemmell, and G. E. Woloschak. Polymerase chain reaction detection of retinoblastoma gene deletions in paraffin-embedded mouse lung adenocarcinomas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173425.

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Arnett, Clint M., Giselle Rodriguez, and Stephen W. Maloney. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis of Microbial Consortia on Wastewater Treatment Processes for High Explosives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544671.

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Zhang, N. Automation and integration of polymerase chain reaction with capillary electrophoresis for high throughput genotyping and disease diagnosis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348906.

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López-Valverde, Nansi, Antonio López-Valverde, Ana Suarez, Bruno Macedo de Sousa, and Juan Manuel Aragoneses. Association of gastric infection and periodontal disease through Helicobacter pylori as a common denominator: A systematic review and meta-analysi. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0097.

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Review question / Objective: Is gastric helicobacter pylori infection related to periodontal diseases? Condition being studied: Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify and analyze clinical studies to determine the direct correlation between Helicobacter Pylori gastric infection andPeriodontal Disease. Study designs to be included: Clinical studies that provided data on Helicobacter Pylori infection in both the stomach and oral cavity, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid urease test (RUT) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical studies that associated PD with Helicobacter Pylori. The diagnosis of PD was confirmed ac-cording to the diagnostic criteria in periodontology.
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Gaina, Maria. Development and evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based test for detection of contemporary swinepox virus in US swine. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-537.

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Strachan, Anna Louise. The Impact of Covid-19 on Research Methods and Approaches. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.002.

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The Covid-19 pandemic, and measures to contain the spread of the virus, such as border closures, quarantine requirements, mandatory PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests, curfews, and social distancing requirements, have had a significant impact on research methods and approaches. Most of the available literature assumes that remote data collection is the only viable means of collecting primary data during the pandemic, so that is the focus of this report. While there is an extensive discussion of challenges associated with undertaking primary data collection during this time, there are also several commentaries and opinion pieces that highlight the opportunities and positive aspects of remote data collection.
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Denaro, Tracy R., Sarah K. Chelgren, Jara N. Lang, Ellen M. Strobel, Lori M. T. Balster, and Marlin D. Vangsness. DNA Isolation of Microbial Contaminants in Aviation Turbine Fuel via Traditional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Direct PCR. Preliminary Results. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446701.

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