To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Polymer.
Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Polymer.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Brostow, Witold, Hanna Fałtynowicz, Osman Gencel, Andrei Grigoriev, Haley E. Hagg Lobland, and Danny Zhang. "Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.514.
Full textAbstract:
A definition of rigidity of polymers and polymer-based composites (PBCs) by an equation is formulated. We also discuss tribological properties of polymers and PBCs including frictions (static, sliding and rolling) and wear. We discuss connections between viscoelastic recovery in scratch resistance testing with brittleness B, as well as Charpy and Izod impact strengths relations with B. Flexibility Y is related to a dynamic friction. A thermophysical property, namely linear thermal expansivity, is also related to the brittleness B. A discussion of equipment needed to measure a variety of properties is included.
2
Kozhevnikov, Н. V., N. I. Kozhevnikova, and M. D. Goldfeyn. "Solving Some Environmental Problems of Polymer Chemistry." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 10, no. 2 (2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2010-10-2-34-42.
Full textAbstract:
The kinetics and mechanism of vinyl monomer polymerization were studied. Ways to solve some environmental problems of polymer chemistry have been developed, namely, monomer stabilization to avoid the formation of side polymers due to spontaneous polymeriza tion while synthesis, purification and storage of monomers, synthesis of environmentally-pure emulgator-free latexes, synthesis of polymer ic flocculants for water purification from disperse particles.
3
Hincapie, Rafael E., Ante Borovina, Torsten Clemens, Eugen Hoffmann, Muhammad Tahir, Leena Nurmi, Sirkku Hanski, Jonas Wegner, and Alyssia Janczak. "Optimizing Polymer Costs and Efficiency in Alkali–Polymer Oilfield Applications." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 5508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245508.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we present various evaluations that are key prior field applications. The workflow combines laboratory approaches to optimize the usage of polymers in combination with alkali to improve project economics. We show that the performance of AP floods can be optimized by making use of lower polymer viscosities during injection but increasing polymer viscosities in the reservoir owing to “aging” of the polymers at high pH. Furthermore, AP conditions enable the reduction of polymer retention in the reservoir, decreasing the utility factors (kg polymers injected/incremental bbl. produced). We used aged polymer solutions to mimic the conditions deep in the reservoir and compared the displacement efficiencies and the polymer adsorption of non-aged and aged polymer solutions. The aging experiments showed that polymer hydrolysis increases at high pH, leading to 60% higher viscosity in AP conditions. Micromodel experiments in two-layer chips depicted insights into the displacement, with reproducible recoveries of 80% in the high-permeability zone and 15% in the low-permeability zone. The adsorption for real rock using 8 TH RSB brine was measured to be approximately half of that in the case of Berea: 27 µg/g vs. 48 µg/g, respectively. The IFT values obtained for the AP lead to very low values, reaching 0.006 mN/m, while for the alkali, they reach only 0.44 mN/m. The two-phase experiments confirmed that lower-concentration polymer solutions aged in alkali show the same displacement efficiency as non-aged polymers with higher concentrations. Reducing the polymer concentration leads to a decrease in EqUF by 40%. If alkali–polymer is injected immediately without a prior polymer slug, then the economics are improved by 37% compared with the polymer case. Hence, significant cost savings can be realized capitalizing on the fast aging in the reservoir. Due to the low polymer retention in AP floods, fewer polymers are consumed than in conventional polymer floods, significantly decreasing the utility factor.
4
Jovanovic, Slobodan, Gordana Nestorovic, and Katarina Jeremic. "Conducting polymer materials." Chemical Industry 57, no. 11 (2003): 511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0311511j.
Full textAbstract:
Conducting polymers represent a very interesting group of polymer materials Investigation of the synthesis, structure and properties of these materials has been the subject of considerable research efforts in the last twenty years. A short presentating of newer results obtained by investigating of the synthesis, structure and properties of two basic groups of conducting polymers: a) conducting polymers the conductivity of which is the result of their molecular structure, and b) conducting polymer composites (EPC), is given in this paper. The applications and future development of this group of polymer materials is also discussed.
5
Chen, Weifeng, Shaona Chen, Weimin Hu, Dejiang Li, and Zhongxu Dai. "The Preparation Approaches of Polymer/graphene Nanocomposites and their Appilcation Research Progress as Electrochemical Sensors." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 4 (October 31, 2017): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i4.356.
Full textAbstract:
Graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice, can be combined with various polymers through different methods and techniques. Polymer/graphene nanocomposites are expected to not only preserve the fa-vorable properties of graphene and polymers, but also greatly enhance the intrinsic properties due to the synergetic effect between them. In this review, the preparation approaches of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including melt blending, solution blending, in-situ polymeri-zation and in-situ synthesis, were presented comprehensively in order to study the relationship between these approaches and the final characteristics and performances. Each approach had different influences on the final properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods were discussed respectively. Additionally, the application researches of the polymer/graphene nanocomposites as electrochemical sensors, were introduced in detail. With regard to some important or novel sensors, the mechanisms were proposed for reference. Finally, conclusions were given and the issues waiting to be settled for further development were pointed out. The current review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical performances and will be applied practically in the field of sensor devices.
6
Alli, Yani Faozani. "THE EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTES ON POLYMER VISCOSITY FOR EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYMER INJECTION." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 42, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.42.2.386.
Full textAbstract:
The use of polymer for tertiary oil recovery has been known to be important as viscosity modifier to increase sweep efficiency of water flood and chemical flood. The most common polymer used for chemical flood is hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) that owing large number of charges along the polymer chains. However, formation water as dissolution water contain high electrolytes that has a great effect on polymer viscosity, as well as responsible to generate the efficiency of polymer flooding. In this study, the effect of electrolytes from saline and cation divalent to the viscosity of polymer was investigated. Three studied polymers were dissolved in various concentration of saline and cation divalent by analyzing the compatibility, viscosity, and the filtration ratio of polymers. The results showed that the presence of electrolytes in every concentration of water did not impact the compatibility and filtration ratio of polymers. Whereas, the addition of sodium chloride as saline ionic and calcium chloride as cationic divalent were both reducing the viscosity of polymers. The lower viscosity of polymer related to the ability of polymer to expand the hydrodynamic which limited by the neutralization of internal repulsion of the electrolytes.
7
Zhao, Lingling, Yifan Zhou, Jiaying Zhang, Hongze Liang, Xianwu Chen, and Hui Tan. "Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels: From Polymer to Biomedical Applications." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 10 (October 23, 2023): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15102514.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrogels prepared from natural polymer have attracted extensive attention in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, wound healing, and regenerative medicine due to their good biocompatibility, degradability, and flexibility. This review outlines the commonly used natural polymer in hydrogel preparation, including cellulose, chitosan, collagen/gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid, starch, guar gum, agarose, and dextran. The polymeric structure and process/synthesis of natural polymers are illustrated, and natural polymer-based hydrogels including the hydrogel formation and properties are elaborated. Subsequently, the biomedical applications of hydrogels based on natural polymer in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and other biomedical fields are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of natural polymers and hydrogels based on them are discussed. For natural polymers, novel technologies such as enzymatic and biological methods have been developed to improve their structural properties, and the development of new natural-based polymers or natural polymer derivatives with high performance is still very important and challenging. For natural polymer-based hydrogels, novel hydrogel materials, like double-network hydrogel, multifunctional composite hydrogels, and hydrogel microrobots have been designed to meet the advanced requirements in biomedical applications, and new strategies such as dual-cross-linking, microfluidic chip, micropatterning, and 3D/4D bioprinting have been explored to fabricate advanced hydrogel materials with designed properties for biomedical applications. Overall, natural polymeric hydrogels have attracted increasing interest in biomedical applications, and the development of novel natural polymer-based materials and new strategies/methods for hydrogel fabrication are highly desirable and still challenging.
8
Sharma, Swati. "Polymer-to-Carbon Conversion: From Nature to Technology." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050774.
Full textAbstract:
Glassy carbon is derived from synthetic organic polymers that undergo the process of coking during their pyrolysis. Polymer-to-carbon conversion (hereafter referred to as PolyCar) also takes place in nature, and is indeed responsible for the formation of various naturally occurring carbon allotropes. In the last few decades the PolyCar concept has been utilized in technological applications, i.e., specific polymers are patterned into the desired shapes and intentionally converted into carbon by a controlled heat-treatment. Device fabrication using glassy carbon is an excellent example of the use of the PolyCar process in technology, which has rapidly progressed from conventional to micro- and nanomanufacturing. While the technique itself is simple, one must have a good understanding of the carbonization mechanism of the polymer, which in turn determines whether or not the resulting material will be glassy carbon. Publications that comprise this special issue shed light on several aspects of the formation, properties and performance of glassy carbon in the cutting-edge technological applications. The results of detailed material characterization pertaining to two important research areas, namely neural electrodes and precision glass molding, are presented as examples. I hope that the readers will enjoy as well as benefit from this collection.
9
Chremos, Alexandros, Cheol Jeong, and Jack F. Douglas. "Influence of polymer architectures on diffusion in unentangled polymer melts." Soft Matter 13, no. 34 (2017): 5778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01018d.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular dynamics simulations of polymer melts composed of polymers of different branching complexity suggests that the average polymer shape and hydrodynamic radius are important for the understanding of the polymer diffusion, as in polymer solutions.
10
Myshkin, Nikolai K., and Alexander Kovalev. "Polymer mechanics and tribology." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2017-0162.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the advances in mechanics and tribology of polymers and polymer-based materials. It is focused on the understanding of the correlation of contact mechanics and the tribological behavior of polymers and polymer composites by taking account of surface forces and adhesion in the contact. Design/methodology/approach Mechanical behavior of polymers is considered a viscoelasticity. Tribological performance is estimated while considering the parts of deformation and adhesion in friction arising in the contact. Surface energy, roughness, load and temperature effects on the tribological behavior of polymers are evaluated. Polymer composites produced by reinforcing and by the addition of functional additives are considered as materials for various applications in tribology. Particular attention is given to polymer-based nanocomposites. Findings A review of studies in tribology has shown that polymer-based materials can be most successfully used as self-lubricating components of sliding bearings. The use of the fillers provides changes in the tribological performance of neat polymers and widens their areas of application in the industry. Thin polymer films were found to be prospective lubricants for memory storage devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems and precision mechanisms. Further progress in polymer tribology should be achieved on solving the problems of contact mechanics, surface physics and tribochemistry by taking account of the scale factor. Originality/value The review is based on the experience of the authors in polymer mechanics and tribology, their research data and on data of many other literature sources published in this area. It can be useful for specialists in polymer research and industrial engineers working in tribology and industrial lubrication.
11
Gbadamosi, Afeez, Shirish Patil, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, Ahmad A. Adewunmi, Adeyinka S. Yusuff, Augustine Agi, and Jeffrey Oseh. "Application of Polymers for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071433.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers play a significant role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their viscoelastic properties and macromolecular structure. Herein, the mechanisms of the application of polymeric materials for enhanced oil recovery are elucidated. Subsequently, the polymer types used for EOR, namely synthetic polymers and natural polymers (biopolymers), and their properties are discussed. Moreover, the numerous applications for EOR such as polymer flooding, polymer foam flooding, alkali–polymer flooding, surfactant–polymer flooding, alkali–surfactant–polymer flooding, and polymeric nanofluid flooding are appraised and evaluated. Most of the polymers exhibit pseudoplastic behavior in the presence of shear forces. The biopolymers exhibit better salt tolerance and thermal stability but are susceptible to plugging and biodegradation. As for associative synthetic polyacrylamide, several complexities are involved in unlocking its full potential. Hence, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide remains the most coveted polymer for field application of polymer floods. Finally, alkali–surfactant–polymer flooding shows good efficiency at pilot and field scales, while a recently devised polymeric nanofluid shows good potential for field application of polymer flooding for EOR.
12
Tyagi, Upendra N., and Paul T. Bowen. "Polymer Characteristics and Attachment Sites in the Sludge Matrix." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1989): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0292.
Full textAbstract:
This study identified polymer attachment sites in three types of sludge for different molecular weight and charge density cationic polymers. Conditioned and unconditioned sludge samples were treated with cationized ferritin (CF) to label anionic charged sites on the surface of sludge particles. Sludge surfaces were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The presence of CF indicates an anionic site not attached to polymers. For increasing polymer molecular weight, comparison of micrographs of samples conditioned with similar polymer doses showed an increase in CF attachment. Therefore polymer attachment was seen to decrease with increasing polymer molecular weight. At extremely high polymer dosages, the presence of CF indicates that anionic sites have not been saturated by polymers. These results imply the molecular weight (chain length) and structure of polymers may determine the mechanisms of polymer action. No appreciable differences were observed for sludges conditioned with polymers of various charge densities.
13
Jablonský, Michal, Andrea Škulcová, and Jozef Šima. "Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review." Molecules 24, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213978.
Full textAbstract:
This review deals with two overlapping issues, namely polymer chemistry and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). With regard to polymers, specific aspects of synthetic polymers, polymerization processes producing such polymers, and natural cellulose-based nanopolymers are evaluated. As for DESs, their compliance with green chemistry requirements, their basic properties and involvement in polymer chemistry are discussed. In addition to reviewing the state-of-the-art for selected kinds of polymers, the paper reveals further possibilities in the employment of DESs in polymer chemistry. As an example, the significance of DES polarity and polymer polarity to control polymerization processes, modify polymer properties, and synthesize polymers with a specific structure and behavior, is emphasized.
14
Tonelli. "Nanoscale Restructuring of Polymer Materials to Produce Single Polymer Composites and Miscible Blends." Biomolecules 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9060240.
Full textAbstract:
I summarize work conducted in our laboratories over the past 30 years using small host molecules to restructure polymer materials at the nanometer level. Certain small molecules, such as the cyclic starches cyclodextrins (CDs) and urea (U) can form non-covalent crystalline inclusion compounds (ICs) with a range of guest molecules, including many polymers. In polymer-CD- and -U-ICs, guest polymer chains reside in narrow channels created by the host molecule crystals, where they are separated and highly extended. When the host crystalline lattice is carefully removed, the guest polymer chains coalesce into a bulk sample with an organization that is distinct from that normally produced from its melt or from solution. Amorphous regions of such coalesced polymer samples have a greater density, likely with less chain entanglement and more chain alignment. As a consequence, after cooling from their melts, coalesced amorphous polymers show glass-transition temperatures (Tgs) that are elevated above those of samples prepared from their solutions or melts. Upon cooling from their melts, coalesced samples of crystallizable polymers show dramatically-increased abilities to crystallize more rapidly and much closer to their melting temperatures (Tms). These unique behaviors of polymers coalesced from their CD- and U-ICs are unexpectedly resistant to extended annealing above their Tgs and Tms. Taking advantage of this behavior permits us to create polymer materials with unique and improved properties. Among these are amorphous polymers with elevated Tgs and semi-crystalline polymers with finer more uniform morphologies. Improved mechanical properties can be achieved through self-nucleation with small amounts of the same polymer made rapidly crystallizable through coalescence from its CD- or U-IC. This can lead to single polymer composites with as-received polymer matrices and self-nucleated reinforcements. Through simultaneous formation and subsequent coalescence from their common CD–ICs, stable well-mixed blends can be achieved between any two or more polymers, despite their inherent immiscibilities. Such coalesced and well-mixed blends are also resistant to phase segregation when heated for extensive periods well above their Tgs and Tms.
15
Xia, Hongyan, Chang Hu, Tingkuo Chen, Dan Hu, Muru Zhang, and Kang Xie. "Advances in Conjugated Polymer Lasers." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030443.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a review of advances in conjugated polymer lasers. High photoluminescence efficiencies and large stimulated emission cross-sections coupled with wavelength tunability and low-cost manufacturing processes make conjugated polymers ideal laser gain materials. In recent years, conjugated polymer lasers have become an attractive research direction in the field of organic lasers and numerous breakthroughs based on conjugated polymer lasers have been made in the last decade. This paper summarizes the recent progress of the subject of laser processes employing conjugated polymers, with a focus on the photoluminescence principle and excitation radiation mechanism of conjugated polymers. Furthermore, the effect of conjugated polymer structures on the laser threshold is discussed. The most common polymer laser materials are also introduced in detail. Apart from photo-pumped conjugated polymer lasers, a direction for the future development of electro-pumped conjugated polymer lasers is proposed.
16
OKUBO, K., T. FUJII, and N. YAMASHITA. "PMC-06: Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion in Bamboo Polymer Composite Enhanced with Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_3.
Full text
17
Lavine, M. S. "POLYMER CHEMISTRY: Arborescent Polymers." Science 294, no. 5540 (October 5, 2001): 15d—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5540.15d.
Full text
18
Shen, Yijun, and Kaiwen Wang. "Polymer applications in drug delivery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2608, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2608/1/012036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Polymers have been broadly used in consumer goods, drug delivery, formulation, semiconductor, and packaging applications. Generally, polymers would be divided into two categories. The first category is commodity polymers. For instance, many packages of polymers are used daily: LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PE, PS, and PP. Based on the properties of each polymer, applications were adjusted for specific uses. The second category is engineering polymers. For example, PC, PDMS, PET, PA, and POM. This article will discuss polymer applications that mainly focus on drug delivery. Specifically, this article review will conduct a details application of polymers when formulating polymers into drug delivery processes. This review will elaborate on polymer application in control release, oral delivery, transdermal delivery, protein modification, cancer therapy, RNA delivery, and application. This review would also provide a comprehensive review of drug delivery characteristics.
19
Perron, Gérald, Josée Francoeur, Jacques E. Desnoyers, and Jan C. T. Kwak. "Heat capacities and volumes in aqueous polymer and polymer–surfactant solutions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-169.
Full textAbstract:
The apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of aqueous mixtures of neutral polymers and ionic surfactants were measured at 25 °C. The polymers chosen were poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) and the surfactants were the C8, C10, and C12 homologs of sodium alkylsulfates and the C10, C12, and C16 homologs of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides. The polymer–surfactant interactions depend on the nature of both components and on the chain length of the surfactant. The thermodynamic properties of the cationic surfactants are essentially the same in the absence and presence of polymer indicating little surfactant–polymer interaction. On the other hand, the thermodynamic properties of anionic surfactants are shifted, upon the addition of polymers, in the direction of enhanced hydrophobic association. The effect increases with the surfactant chain length and with the polymer concentration. The effect is larger with PVP than with PEO.
20
KUDO, Hirot. "Synthesis and Application of NonLinear Polymers（Star Shaped Polymer, Cyclic Polymer, Hyperbranched Polymer）." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 52, no. 7 (2016): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.52.208.
Full text
21
Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "A Brief Review on the Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162597.
Full textAbstract:
Biodegradable polymers are an exceptional class of polymers that can be decomposed by bacteria. They have received significant interest from researchers in several fields. Besides this, biodegradable polymers can also be incorporated with fillers to fabricate biodegradable polymer composites. Recently, a variety of ionic liquids have also been applied in the fabrication of the polymer composites. In this brief review, two types of fillers that are utilized for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites, specifically organic fillers and inorganic fillers, are described. Three types of synthetic biodegradable polymers that are commonly used in biodegradable polymer composites, namely polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polycaprolactone (PCL), are reviewed as well. Additionally, the influence of two types of ionic liquid, namely alkylimidazolium- and alkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids, on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the polymer composites, is also briefly reviewed. This review may be beneficial in providing insights into polymer composite investigators by enhancing the properties of biodegradable polymer composites via the employment of ionic liquids.
22
Keshvardoostchokami, Mina, Sara Seidelin Majidi, Peipei Huo, Rajan Ramachandran, Menglin Chen, and Bo Liu. "Electrospun Nanofibers of Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Artificial Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010021.
Full textAbstract:
Many types of polymer nanofibers have been introduced as artificial extracellular matrices. Their controllable properties, such as wettability, surface charge, transparency, elasticity, porosity and surface to volume proportion, have attracted much attention. Moreover, functionalizing polymers with other bioactive components could enable the engineering of microenvironments to host cells for regenerative medical applications. In the current brief review, we focus on the most recently cited electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds and divide them into five main categories: natural polymer-natural polymer composite, natural polymer-synthetic polymer composite, synthetic polymer-synthetic polymer composite, crosslinked polymers and reinforced polymers with inorganic materials. Then, we focus on their physiochemical, biological and mechanical features and discussed the capability and efficiency of the nanofibrous scaffolds to function as the extracellular matrix to support cellular function.
23
Sombat, Witsanu, Natsiri Wongsang, Somboon Sahasitthiwat, and Rukkiat Jitchati. "A Novel Charged Iridium Polymer for Polymer Light Emitting Diode." Defect and Diffusion Forum 382 (January 2018): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.332.
Full textAbstract:
The charged iridium(III) complex polymers based on 1,10-phenanthroline in the polyfluorene backbones were synthesized by Suzuki-polycondensation. PFIr01, PFIr03, PFIr05, PFIr07 and PFIr10 were obtained by varying the content of iridium(III) unit in the polymer from 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.10 mol%, respectively. The molecular structures of polymers were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The polymer light-emitting diodes were fabricated with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al.
24
Czarnecki, Lech. "Polymer-Concrete Composites for the repair of concrete structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819901006.
Full textAbstract:
In less than one century concrete has become the most widely used construction material over the world. In less than half of century it is difficult to imagine a concrete totally without polymers. An implantation of polymers into concrete has taken effect in the form of Concrete Polymer Composite: C-PC. Since then (1975) the development of new concrete classes have been ongoing: C-PC = PMC + PCC + PI + PC, where PMC Polymer Modified Concrete (polymer cont. < 1% concrete mass); PCC Polymer Cement Concrete (> 1% concrete mass); PIC Polymer Impregnated Concrete (3-8% concrete mass), PC Polymer Concrete (8-12% concrete mass). Over the time the role of polymers have been extended and it is covered by polymer with additional preposition: polymers on concrete (overlays, coatings, waterproofing and bounding materials). All those polymer composites have been found irreplaceable application in concrete repairing industry. It is enough to say that in ten parts of the European Standards, EN 1504, the category “polymer” can be found 73 times, and that is a proof of the big significance of this material in the repairs and protection of concrete. Just for comparison reason, the term “cement” appears only 59 times in all parts of the EN 1504. Indeed, if repaired concrete is higher class then repairing material should content more polymer. The justification belongs to the adhesion, which is a fundamental challenge for concrete repair. But also short time to exploitation readiness and many others polymer composites advantages are taken into consideration. In the paper the question: how polymers enhance concrete repair performance? is discussed. The repair rules and methods versus polymer repair materials will be considered.
25
Upadhyay, Anjali, and Subramanian Karpagam. "Movement of new direction from conjugated polymer to semiconductor composite polymer nanofiber." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the past few years, there was a tremendous growth in conjugated polymer nanofibers via design of novel conjugated polymers with inorganic materials. Synthetic routes to these conjugated polymers involve new, mild polymerization techniques, which enable the formation of well-defined polymer architectures. This review provides interest in the development of novel (semi) conducting polymers, which combine both organic and inorganic blocks in one framework. Due to their ability to act as chemosensors or to detect various chemical species in environmental and biological systems, fluorescent conjugated polymers have gained great interest. Nanofibers of metal oxides and sulfides are particularly interesting in both their way of applications and fundamental research. These conjugated nanofibers operated for many applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, and sensors. Synthesis of electrospun fibers by electrospinning technique discussed in this review is a simple method that forms conjugated polymer nanofibers. This review provides the basics of the technique and its recent advances in the formation of highly conducting and high-mobility polymer fibers towards their adoption in electronic application.
26
Matsen, M. W. "Entropic surface segregation from athermal polymer blends: Polymer flexibility vs bulkiness." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 18 (May 14, 2022): 184901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087587.
Full textAbstract:
We examine athermal binary blends composed of conformationally asymmetric polymers of equal molecular volume next to a surface of width ξ. The self-consistent field theory (SCFT) of Gaussian chains predicts that the more compact polymer with the shorter average end-to-end length, R0, is entropically favored at the surface. Here, we extend the SCFT to worm-like chains with small persistence lengths, ℓ p, relative to their contour lengths, ℓ c, for which [Formula: see text]. In the limit of ℓ p ≪ ξ, we recover the Gaussian-chain prediction where the segregation depends only on the product ℓ p ℓ c, but for realistic polymer/air surfaces with ξ ∼ ℓ p, the segregation depends separately on the two quantities. Although the surface continues to favor flexible polymers with smaller ℓ p and bulky polymers with shorter ℓ c, the effect of bulkiness is more pronounced. This imbalance can, under specific conditions, lead to anomalous surface segregation of the more extended polymer. For this to happen, the polymer must be bulkier and stiffer, with a stiffness that is sufficient to produce a larger R0 yet not so rigid as to reverse the surface affinity that favors bulky polymers.
27
Chen, Jian Fang, and Ai Hua Ling. "Design and Synthesis of a Miktoarm Star PMMAZO-(PCL)2 Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2089.
Full textAbstract:
A series of novel miktoarm star polymers were synthesized by combination of at-om transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), chemical modification and ring-opening polymeri-zation(ROP). These miktoarm star polymers carring one poly[6-(4-methoxy-4’-oxy-azobenzene) hexylmethacrylate] azobenzene (PMMAZO) side-chain liquid crystalline(LC) arm and two polycaprolactone(PCL) arms. These precursors and miktoarm star polymers were characterized by proton nuclear resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chramatograph(GPC). The information of PMMAZO(OH)2 and PMMAZO-(PCL)2 miktoarm star polymer confirmed the expected structure.
28
Singh, Divya, B. Bhattacharya, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Conductivity Modulation in Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites due to Ion-Beam Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 110–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.110.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers are a class of materials widely used in different fields of applications. With imminent applications of polymers, the study of radiation induced changes in polymers has become an obvious scientific demand. The bombardment by ion beam radiations has become one of the most promising techniques in present day polymer research. When the polymers are irradiated, a variety of physical and chemical changes takes place due to energy deposition of the radiation in the polymer matrix. Scissoring, cross-linking, recombination, radical decomposition, etc. are some of the interesting changes that are obvious in polymers. The modification in polymer properties by irradiation depends mainly on the nature of radiation and the type of polymer used.Polymer electrolytes are obtained by modifying polymers by doping, complexing, or other chemical processes. In general, they suffer from low conductivity due to high crystallinity of the matrix. The effect of radiation on polymer electrolyte is expected to alter their crystalline nature vis-a-vis electrical properties. This review article shall elaborate modifications in the physical and chemical properties of polymer electrolytes and their composites. The variations in properties have been explored on PEO based polymer electrolyte and correlated with the parameters responsible for such changes. Also a comparison with different types of the polymers irradiated with a wide range of ion beams has been established.
29
Abubakar, A., A. R. Al-Hashmi, T. Al-Wahaibi, Y. Al-Wahaibi, A. Al-Ajmi, and M. Eshrati. "Parameters of Drag Reducing Polymers and Drag Reduction Performance in Single-Phase Water Flow." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 202073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/202073.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents experimental investigation about the effect of polymer parameters on the performance of the drag reducing polymers in single-phase water flowing in a horizontal pipe of 30.6 mm ID. Master solutions (1000 ppm) of ten high-molecular weight polymers were injected at different flow rates to achieve polymer concentrations in the range of 2–40 ppm in the test section. The drag reduction increased with polymer concentration up to 10 ppm, above which it reached a plateau value. While the drag reduction at the plateau value increases with polymer molecular weight, the maximum drag reduction was not affected by the increase in polymer charge density up to 13%. For instance, the maximum drag reduction for anionic polymers with molecular weight 6–8 million Da. and charge density between 5 and 13% was around 60%, which decreased to around 38% for the polymer with charge density of 25%. Ionic polymers provided more drag reduction than nonionic ones. The overall conclusion is that drag reduction depends on polymer ability to form intermolecular associations and/or its flexibility, which can be enhanced by increasing molecular weight, decreasing charge density, and selecting smaller side groups in the main polymer backbone.
30
Slepička, Petr, Nikola Slepičková Kasálková, Lucie Bačáková, Zdeňka Kolská, and Václav Švorčík. "Enhancement of Polymer Cytocompatibility by Nanostructuring of Polymer Surface." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/527403.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers with their advantageous physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties and easy manufacturing are widely used in biology, tissue engineering, and medicine, for example, as prosthetic materials. In some cases the polymer usage may be impeded by low biocompatibility of common synthetic polymers. The biocompatibility can be improved by modification of polymer surface, for example, by plasma discharge, irradiation with ionizing radiation, and sometime subsequent grafting with suitable organic (e.g., amino-acids) or inorganic (e.g., gold nanoparticles) agents. In this way new chemically active structures are created on the polymer surface, and in some cases new surface relief is created. Recent advances in nanotechnology and in characterization of nanostructured objects open the way to development of new polymer-based materials with better bio-properties and higher application potential in biomedicine. Some of recent results obtained in the field are summarized and discussed in this paper.
31
Wu, Wen Xiang, and Zhao Jiang. "Evaluation on Performance of Functional Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.594.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of two kinds of functional polymers were evaluated by lab experiments. Furthermore, relationship between viscosity and concentration, viscosity stability, flow characteristics of two kinds of functional polymers are studied. The results show that two functional polymers have a higher viscosity at different concentrations. The viscosity of functional polymer increases with the time. Flow characteristics show that functional polymers have a higher drag coefficient and residual resistance factor. Meanwhile, we conducted displacement efficiency experiments and expand swept volume experiments. The studies show that two kinds of functional polymer provide significant improvement in displacement efficiency, and after conventional polymer flooding, it also can expand swept volume of low permeability layers effectively.
32
Moulay, Saad. "Molecular iodine/polymer complexes." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 1, 2013): 389–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0122.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A unique feature of molecular iodine by far, is its ability to bind to polymeric materials. A plethora of natural and synthetic polymers develop complexes when treated with molecular iodine, or with a mixture of molecular iodine and potassium iodide. Many unexpected findings have been encountered upon complexation of iodine and the polymer skeleton, including the color formation, the polymer morphology changes, the complexation sites or regions, the biological activity, and the electrical conductivity enhancement of the complexes, with polyiodides (In¯), mainly I3¯ and I5¯, as the actual binding species. Natural polymers that afford such complexes with iodine species are starch (amylose and amylopectin), chitosan, glycogen, silk, wool, albumin, cellulose, xylan, and natural rubber; iodine-starch being the oldest iodine-natural polymer complex. By contrast, numerous synthetic polymers are prone to make complexes, including poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), nylons, poly(Schiff base)s, polyaniline, unsaturated polyhydrocarbons (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes C60/C70, polyacetylene; iodine-PVA being the oldest iodine-synthetic polymer complex.
33
S, Gerry, Bayu D. Prasetiyo, and Tomi Erfando. "Parameter Analysis of Polymer on Sandstone Reservoir in Indonesia: An Experimental Laboratory Study." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 45, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.45.2.1185.
Full textAbstract:
Polymers are often used to increase oil recovery by improving sweeping efficiency. The screening was carried out as a first step in evaluating the test parameters of several polymers of the Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) type in fluid and sandstone reservoir rocks. The test was carried out using a reservoir fluid classified as light oil (35°API) and at a reservoir temperature (60°C). The HPAM polymers used are A1, F1, F2, F3, and P1 polymers. The test parameters carried out on these 5 types of polymer (A1, F1, F2, F3 dan P1) include a compatibility test for formation water. The rheology polymer test includes concentration vs Tres, and shear rate vs viscosity which aims to determine the type of polymer solution being tested is a non-Newtonian or pseudoplastic fluid group. Thermal stability test of polymer for 60 days to determine the stability of the polymer solution and whether it is degraded or stable. Filtration testing with criteria FR value 1.2, screen factor test, and adsorption testing using the static method with a standard limit of adsorption value 400 µg/gr and polymer injectivity test. From these tests, scoring (range 0-100) was carried out to determine polymer candidates in polymer flooding testing. The F1 polymer candidate for the sandstone reservoir was obtained with a score of 82.25. From the scoring results, the selected F1 polymer candidate has a concentration value of 2000 ppm. For thermal degradation, the polymer F1 2000 ppm experienced degradation of 15.5%. The results of the F1 2000 ppm polymer static adsorption test were 54.8 µg/gr. With the RRF = 1 value indicating rock permeability after injection of polymer F1 2000 ppm, it tends not to experience plugging due to injection of polymer solution.
34
Tang, Jia Bin, Wen Xiang Wu, and Zhu Xin Zhang. "Evaluation of New Active Polymer Systems." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.7.
Full textAbstract:
Using the physical simulation experiment, for the new active polymers, common carve and polymer 25 million to act on interfacial tension test, the results indicate, interfacial tension for common carve and polymer 25 million is about 10 mn/m. and interfacial tension for the active polymer is about 1 mn/m. Rheology showed that the viscosity and elasticity of active polymer solution were higher than 25 million polymer.In liquidity experiment, active polymer solution has the better liquidity than in 25 million polymers in the low permeable formation,the flooding effect of active polymer is better than 25 million polymer and common carve polymer.the better injection and better oil displacement features of active polymer are suitable for low permeability reservoirs to improve oil displacement effect.
35
Augustine, Anju, and Beena Mathew. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Incorporated Molecular Imprinted Polymer with Binding Affinity towards Testosterone." ISRN Polymer Science 2014 (February 19, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/790583.
Full textAbstract:
A novel polymer was synthesised using functionalized carbon nanotube and acrylamide as the polymer support for the separation of testosterone. The developed polymers were characterised using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Imprinted polymer showed specificity towards the template testosterone. Among the various polymers, the MWCNT incorporated polymer showed high binding towards the used template. Investigation of the selectivity characteristics revealed that the developed polymer showed selectivity toward the template testosterone than similar compounds. The bound template could be totally recovered and regenerated polymer maintains its recognition property after repeated use. On the basis of the results, the imprinted polymer can be applied for the direct extraction of testosterone in clinical analysis.
36
Günther, Roman, Walter Caseri, and Christof Brändli. "Application of Atmospheric-Pressure Jet Plasma in the Presence of Acrylic Acid for Joining Polymers without Adhesives." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2023): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072673.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the treatment of surfaces with jet plasma at atmospheric pressure in the presence of acrylic acid as a resource-saving and efficient approach to joining polymers on polystyrene (PS) and polyamide 12 (PA 12) surfaces. Acrylic acid was added in order to introduce functional groups to the polymer surfaces. XPS analysis revealed a high density of oxygen-containing groups, e.g., carboxylic acid groups, on the polymer surfaces, the detailed composition depending on the polymer. The AFM measurements indicated that the modification of polyamide resulted in morphological changes and an increase in surface roughness due to polymer recrystallization. When the surface-modified polymers were brought in contact under a load, significant adhesion between the polymer surfaces was measured. In particular, PS and PA 12, which are otherwise difficult to join by gluing, could readily be connected in this way. The joint polymers could be separated intentionally by immersion in water, thus enabling the recycling of the materials. The resistance of the joint to water depends on the polymer system, with polyamide providing strikingly higher resistance than polystyrene. Accordingly, treating the joint polymers with water allows debonding on demand, particularly when PS is involved. Exposure of modified polymer surfaces to solutions of metal ions increased the resistance of joint polymers to water.
37
Filimon, Anca, Adina Maria Dobos, Ecaterina Avram, and Silvia Ioan. "Ionic polymers based on quaternized polysulfones: hydrodynamic properties of polymer mixtures in solution." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0603.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hydrodynamic properties developed in a series of mixtures, obtained from quaternized polysulfone and cellulose acetate phthalate or polyvinyl alcohol in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, were evaluated by viscometric investigations. Theoretical and experimental aspects concerning the viscometric data for binary polymer/solvent and ternary polymer/polymer/solvent mixtures have been discussed by the new Wolf model, as a function of the charge density of polyion, structural peculiarity of polymers, and polymer mixture composition. Intrinsic viscosity and also the hydrodynamic parameters obtained by the Wolf method offer new information on the competition between different types of interactions manifested in ternary polymer/polymer/solvent systems. The complex dependence of viscosity on polymer composition is influenced by conformational changes of constituent polymers from the mixture, as well as by cumulative effects of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding or association phenomena. Additionally, the above-mentioned interactions indicate the compatibility of these polymers over a large composition domain. This study investigates the hydrodynamic functions from the perspective of some newly-issued theories and analyzes the choice of optimal polymer mixtures compositions for specific applications in biomedical domains.
38
Shin, Dong Sig, Jae Hoon Lee, and Jeong Suh. "Microfabrication of Polymers Using KrF Excimer Laser Beam." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.115.
Full textAbstract:
Pulsed UV laser beams, which are widely used in the processing of polymers, offer many advantages in the field of polymer production, primarily because their photon energy is higher than the binding energy of the polymer. In particular, the fabrication of polymers with an excimer laser process is faster and more convenient than with other processes. Nevertheless, some problems occur in the precision microprocessing of polymers, including the formation and deposition of surface debris, which is produced from the breakdown of either polymer chains or radical bonds. In the present work, a process for eliminating carbonized surface debris contamination generated by the laser ablation of a polymer was developed. The proposed approach for removing surface debris utilizes an erasable ink pasted on the polymer. The surface debris ejected from the polymer is then combined with the ink layer on the polymer. Finally, both the surface debris and the ink layer can be removed using adhesive tape.
39
Zechner, Markus, Torsten Clemens, Ajay Suri, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Simulation of Polymer Injection Under Fracturing Conditions—An Injectivity Pilot in the Matzen Field, Austria." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 18, no. 02 (March 23, 2015): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169043-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary Polymer flooding leads to enhanced oil recovery by accelerating oil production and improving sweep efficiency. However, because of the higher viscosity, the injectivity of polymer solutions is of some concern and is important to understand to predict incremental oil recoveries. Achieving high polymer-injection rates is required to increase oil-production rates. In the field test performed in the Matzen field (Austria), polyacrylamide polymers were injected for the past 2 years. Coreflood experiments with these polymers showed a significant increase in apparent viscosity because of the viscoelastic properties of the polymer solutions. Also, severe degradation of the polymer solution at high flow velocities was detected. In addition to coreflood experiments, flow experiments through fractures were performed. In these experiments, shear thinning and limited degradation of the polymer solution were observed and quantified. Detailed polymer-injection simulations were conducted that included complex polymer rheology in the fractures and the matrix. The reservoir stress changes and their effects on the fractures were also taken into account as a result of cold-polymer injection. The results of the simulations matched the field data both for waterfloods and polymer-test floods. The simulations revealed two distinct phases during the injection of the polyacrylamide-polymer solution: Injection under matrix conditions in an early phase resulting in severe degradation of the polymers Injection under fracturing conditions after the formation parting pressure is reached, leading to limited degradation of the polymers The calibrated model was used to investigate the impact of polymer rheology and particle plugging on injectivity and fracture growth. The results of the field test and the simulations indicate that screening of fields for polyacrylamide-polymer projects needs to include geomechanical properties of the reservoir sand and cap/base rock in addition to the conventional parameters used in screening such as oil viscosity, water salinity, reservoir temperature, and reservoir permeability.
40
Kuwahara, Y., Toshiki Miyazaki, and Kawashita Masakazu. "Effect of Organic Polymer Addition on the Microstructure of Magnetite-Polymer Hybrid." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.453.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerning hybrid materials composed of the magnetite and the organic polymer such as dextran. They are useful for hyperthermia of cancer. In the preparation of this material, chemical structure or molecular weight of the added polymer is expected to affect ionic interaction between polymer and iron salts, and consequently the grain size and morphology of the prepared magnetite core. Therefore, we have synthesized magnetite-polymer hybrids using various polymers. Various polymers were dissolved in iron (II) chloride aqueous solution, and then NaOH aqueous solution was added to this mixed solution. As a result, in the case of neutral and cationic polymer crystalline magnetite was precipitated in the hybrid. On the other hand, in the case of anionic polyacrylic acid, lepidocrocite was precipitated rather than magnetite. It is known that the magnetite formation progresses through intermediate Fe (OH)2 formation and oxidation of the Fe (OH)2 by dissolved O2. Therefore it is considered that tight ionic interaction is constructed between the iron ions and the carboxyl group in the polyacrylic acid to form a complex, and the Fe (OH)2 formation is inhibited. When the hybrid was prepared by addition of NaOH aqueous solution to iron (II) chloride solution, and subsequent addition of the different polymers, magnetite formation was not inhibited irrespective of kind of polymer. The present results indicate that crystalline structure of the magnetite phase in magnetite-polymer hybrid is strongly affected by the chemical structure of polymer additives or the order of addition.
41
Koberstein, J. T. "Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035089.
Full textAbstract:
Since their commercialization in the late 1940s, applications for synthetic polymers have grown at an extraordinary rate, to the point where polymers are now ubiquitous in our society. The demands placed upon polymer performance have paralleled the growth in applications and has driven the development of sophisticated multiconstituent polymer formulations with many outstanding physical and mechanical properties. Many applications require that a polymeric material be attached to or in contact with another material. In some cases, such as the classic nonstick fry pan, as well as lubrication and release paper, it is desirable to create surfaces that do not interact with the material in contact. On the other hand, in applications such as rubber toughening of blends, filled or fiber-reinforced polymers, and coatings, dissimilar materials must adhere to each other if high performance is to be obtained. While the majority of the research and development efforts to date have centered on optimizing bulk properties, the focus is now shifting toward the development of polymer systems with controlled surface and interfacial properties.The recent flurry of activity in polymer interfacial science can be traced to the simultaneous emergence of three factors: a strong commercial need to control the surface properties of advanced multicomponent polymer systems, the availability of sophisticated theoretical methods for studying polymer surface and interphase problems, and the devel opment of new characterization techniques capable of investigating molecular level structure at polymer interphases. The seven articles that comprise this issue provide an overview of basic polymer interface science by discussing some of the current advances in polymer interface theory, by presenting many of the new techniques available for polymer interphase characterization, and by illustrating some of the interesting and challenging problems associated with their applications.
42
Gajah, Ganesha, Ihsan Arifin, and Rahmad Hidayat. "Laboratory Study." Indonesian Journal of Energy 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v2i2.38.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer injection is a tertiary recovery that lowering the injection-oil water mobility ratio thus more efficient to produce oil. The increase in the polymer used for injection requires a large number of suitable polymers. Laboratory studies are necessary to develop new polymer produced domestically, with easily available materials, do not damage the environment, not harm the environment, and are economical. Seeds of Kluwih and Jackfruit contain the starch as a biopolymer for polymer injection because competent to act as a viscosifying agent thus repair the water-oil mobility ratio. Laboratory study is carried out through a series of processes. From starch extraction to polymer screening. The pure starch extraction is done by the wet method through a series of experiments carried out repeatedly. Observation with polymer screening was carried out on five tests. The rheology of polymers examined at two different polymer concentrations and temperatures to determine the viscosity at varying shear rate. Compatibility tests are reviewed to determine the homogeneous and the solubility of the polymer by the solvent. Filtration test is an entrapment test, know the relation between polymer molecule sizes and pore size distribution. The static polymer test is an adsorption test to know the polymer retention in the core caused by chemical interaction between core and polymer. The polymer flooding procedure is to know polymer performance to pushes remaining oil after waterflooding. The results show a pure starch without impurity content. In liquid, the starch acts as a viscosifying agent. Both of the two polymers degrade by shear rate and (polymer chain) broken at higher temperatures. Kluwih and Jackfruit starch dissolve homogeneously without a lumping. Polymer trapping and adsorption not dominantly occur by Jackfruit and Kluwih. The native polymer can enhance oil recovery but sensitive to the core and polymeric conditions.Keywords: Enhanced Oil Recovery, polymer injection, Kluwih, jackfruit, starch
43
Quan, Xie, Su, and Feng. "The Thermoviscosifying Behavior of Water-Soluble Polymer Based on Graft Polymerization of Pluronic F127 with Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101702.
Full textAbstract:
A new concept of thermoviscosifying polymers is proposed to address the problems about decreasing viscosity of polymer solution under high temperatures. However, existing thermoviscosifying polymers have complicated synthesis processes and high costs, and both of them restrict the wide practical applications of thermoviscosifying polymers. Although polyethers have the characteristics of thermal gelatinization, they just display thermoviscosifying behaviors only under extremely high concentrations (>15 wt %). Therefore, the graft copolymerization of the commercialized Pluronic F127 (PEO100-PPO65-PEO100) with acrylamide and 2-acrylamide-methylpropionic acid sodium salt was studied here. A series of graft modified polyether polymers were prepared and it was expected to get thermoviscosifying polymers with high molecular weights and low association temperatures. Several factors on thermoviscosifying behaviors were investigated, such as polymerization condition, polymer concentration, hydrophilic monomer, molecular structure and molecular weight. It was also proven that the apparent viscosity of polymer solution is influenced by polymer concentration, molecular weight of polymer, and content of anion groups.
44
Kausar, Ayesha. "Potential of Polymer/Fullerene Nanocomposites for Anticorrosion Applications in the Biomedical Field." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120394.
Full textAbstract:
Initially, this review presents the fundamentals of corrosion-resistant polymer/fullerene nanocomposites. Then, the potential of polymer/fullerene nanocomposites for corrosion resistance in biomedical applications is presented. In particular, anticorrosion biomedical applications of fullerene-based nanomaterials are proposed for antimicrobial applications, drug delivery, bioimaging, etc. According to the literature, due to the low conductivity/anticorrosion features of pristine thermoplastic polymers, conjugated polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, etc.) with high corrosion resistance performance were used. Subsequently, thermoplastic/thermosetting polymers were filled with nanoparticles to enhance their anticorrosion properties relative to those of neat polymers. Accordingly, fullerene-derived nanocomposites were found to be effective for corrosion protection. Polymer/fullerene nanocomposites with a fine dispersion and interactions revealed superior anticorrosion performance. The formation of a percolation network in the polymers/fullerenes facilitated their electron conductivity and, thus, corrosion resistance behavior. Consequently, the anticorrosion polymer/fullerene nanocomposites were applied in the biomedical field. However, this field needs to be further explored to see the full biomedical potential of anticorrosion polymer/fullerene nanocomposites.
45
Song, Kaoping, Jianwen Tao, Xiuqin Lyu, Yang Xu, Shaopeng Liu, Zhengbo Wang, Huifeng Liu, et al. "Recent Advances in Polymer Flooding in China." Molecules 27, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 6978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206978.
Full textAbstract:
Polymer flooding is drawing lots of attention because of the technical maturity in some reservoirs. The first commercial polymer flooding in China was performed in the Daqing oilfield and is one of the largest applications in the world. Some laboratory tests from Daqing researchers in China showed that the viscoelasticity of high molecular weight polymers plays a significant role in increasing displacement efficiency. Hence, encouraged by the conventional field applications and new findings on the viscoelasticity effect of polymers on residual oil saturation (ROS), some high-concentration high-molecular-weight (HCHMW) polymer-flooding field tests have been conducted. Although some field tests were well-documented, subsequent progress was seldom reported. It was recently reported that HCHMW has a limited application in Daqing, which does not agree with observations from laboratory core flooding and early field tests. However, the cause of this discrepancy is unclear. Thus, a systematic summary of polymer-flooding mechanisms and field tests in China is necessary. This paper explained why HCHMW is not widely used when considering new understandings of polymer-flooding mechanisms. Different opinions on the viscoelasticity effect of polymers on ROS reduction were critically reviewed. Other mechanisms of polymer flooding, such as wettability change and gravity stability effect, were discussed with regard to widely reported laboratory tests, which were explained in terms of the viscoelasticity effects of polymers on ROS. Recent findings from Chinese field tests were also summarized. Salt-resistance polymers (SRPs) with good economic performance using produced water to prepare polymer solutions were very economically and environmentally promising. Notable progress in SRP flooding and new amphiphilic polymer field tests in China were summarized, and lessons learned were given. Formation blockage, represented by high injection pressure and produced productivity ability, was reported in several oil fields due to misunderstanding of polymers' injectivity. Although the influence of viscoelastic polymers on reservoir conditions is unknown, the injection of very viscous polymers to displace medium-to-high viscosity oils is not recommended. This is especially important for old wells that could cause damage. This paper clarified misleading notions on polymer-flooding implementations based on theory and practices in China.
46
Wegner, G. "Speciality polymers: supramolecular aspects of polymer synthesis and polymer structure." Polymer 33, no. 19 (January 1992): 3995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90594-m.
Full text
47
Vaia, Richard A., and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Polymer Nanocomposites: Status and Opportunities." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2001): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.93.
Full textAbstract:
Reinforcement of polymers with a second phase, whether inorganic or organic, to produce a polymer composite is common in the production of modern plastics. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a radical alternative to these conventional polymer composites.
48
Miroznicenco, Ana, Gabriel Saracu, Vasile Bria, Mihaela-Claudia Gorovei, and Adrian Circiumaru. "Mechanical Properties of PMMA and PLA Modified Epoxy Resins." Materiale Plastice 60, no. 4 (January 5, 2024): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.23.4.5696.
Full textAbstract:
Last years research in polymers registered an increase of interest regarding polymer mixtures aiming to obtain materials with properties of the mixed polymers. In this respect many studies are pointing the mixtures between a thermoset polymer and a thermoplastic polymer. It is known the fact that thermoplastic polymers are much more malleable than the thermoset ones and the goal is to obtain a mixture with the general properties of the thermoset polymer and with a machining ability proper to the thermoset polymer. The vitrimers are this type of polymers and, some of them, can be obtained by mixing polymers form the two categories. This study is about using solutions of two thermoset polymers to modify the basic properties of three epoxy resins. The results show that the presence of PMMA, respectively, PLA inside the epoxy resin matrix determines changes of the mechanical properties of the formed materials. Without analysing the adhesive properties of new materials is hard to decide about their value from the composites applications point of view.
49
Tirelli, Nicola, Angelina Altomare, Roberto Solaro, and Francesco Ciardelli. "Photomodulation of the hydrophilic properties of acrylic polymers containing side-chain azobenzene chromophores." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-228.
Full textAbstract:
Partially hydrophilic polymers have been prepared by free-radical copolymerization of trans-4-acryloyloxyazobenzene with N-tert-butylacrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide. A turbidimetric method has been adapted to investigate the dependence of the polymer hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance on chemical composition and extent of photoisomerization of side-chain azobenzene chromophores. Irradiation at 366 nm of polymer suspension in THF–water induces the isomerization of azobenzene groups from the planar apolar trans form to the nonplanar polar cis form. Correspondingly, the solution turbidity is appreciably modified. Experimental results are discussed in terms of polymer structural parameters. Suspension stability and the possibility of carrying out photochemical cycles have been also investigated. Keywords: photochromic polymers, photoresponsive polymer, photomodulation of polymer properties, azobenzene-containing polymers, acryloyloxyazobenzene, N-tert-butylacrylamide.
50
Hossain, MA, Morium, M. Elias, MM Rahman, MM Rahaman, MS Ali, and MA Razzak. "Multi-phenyl structured aromatic hydrocarbon polymer." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 55, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i2.47634.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-phenyl structured random polymer was synthesized via condensation polymerization reaction by applying different monomer ratios and characterized by various spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H NMR). The prepared polymers showed good thermooxidative stability up to 400 ºC. The surface morphology was studied by FESEM that showed the good linkage among the polymer chains. The EDS data of poly(fluorenylene ether ketone), PFEK; demonstrated that all the monomers participated in the copolymerization reaction. Inherent viscosity values of the polymers were obtained in the range of 0.76∼1.12 dL g-1. The polymers’ yield was within 85~90%. The obtained results indicate that the multi-phenyl structured polymer will be the good candidates to prepare the effective aromatic hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(2), 139-146, 2020