Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer stretching during formation

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer stretching during formation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Polymer stretching during formation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Polymer stretching during formation"

1

Wang, Yu, Wenjie Sun, Song Liu, Huajian Ji, Xin Chen, Huihao Zhu, Haili Zhao, Yulu Ma, and Linsheng Xie. "The Formation of a Highly Oriented Structure and Improvement of Properties in PP/PA6 Polymer Blends during Extrusion-Stretching." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040878.

Full text
Abstract:
During the “slit die extrusion-hot stretching” process, highly oriented polyamide 6 (PA6) dispersed phase was produced and retained in the polypropylene (PP) matrix directly. By adjusting the stretching forces, the PA6 spherical phase evolved into the ellipsoid, rod-like microfibril with a decreasing average diameter; then, the PA6 microfibrils broke. Moreover, the effects of the PA6 phases formed in the process of the microfibrillation on PP’s crystallization behaviors were studied systematically. As the stretching forces increased, the crystallization ability and orientation degree of PP crystals improved significantly. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy confirmed the formation of PP spherulite, fan-shaped lamellae and a transcrystalline layer under the induction of the PA6 phases with different morphology. In the PP/PA6 microfibrilar composites (MFCs), PP crystals showed smaller average size, more crystals and stronger interface adhesion due to more excellent heterogeneous nucleation ability of the PA6 microfibrils, which made contributions to the improvement of the melt elasticity responses and oxygen barrier properties of the PP/PA6 polymer blends.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Komaladewi, Anak Agung Istri Agung Sri, Putu Teta Prihartini Aryanti, Graecia Lugito, I. Wayan Surata, and I. Gede Wenten. "Recent progress in microfiltration polypropylene membrane fabrication by stretching method." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703018.

Full text
Abstract:
Microfiltration polypropylene (MF-PP) membrane has been widely used in many industries due to their excellent combination of good separation performances and low production cost. In addition to membrane configuration, the structure of MF-PP membrane also plays an important role in separation performance. MF-PP membrane is commonly produced by thermal induced phase separation (TIPS) and stretching. TIPS is the simplest one where the polymer is dissolved in a solvent at a decent temperature and then cooled to induce phase separation which leads to the formation of microporous structure. However, this method is limited by the nature of PP that is difficult to dissolve in organic solvents and the solvent-contaminated effluent produced during the fabrication process. Therefore, the stretching method is more favorably used. The Stretching method involves four processing stages in sequence (i.e. melt-extrusion, annealing, stretching, and heat setting). Polymer composition, extrusion draw ratio, as well as stretching rate and temperature, are important parameters that significantly affect the pore structures evolved and thus the properties as well as the performances of MF-PP membrane. In this paper, the recent development of MF-PP fabrication by stretching methods as well as the parameters involved in each method will be reviewed and discussed comprehensively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kulichikhin, Valery, Ivan Skvortsov, Andrey Subbotin, Sergey Kotomin, and Alexander Malkin. "A Novel Technique for Fiber Formation: Mechanotropic Spinning—Principle and Realization." Polymers 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080856.

Full text
Abstract:
We present basic experimental data and the theoretical background of a novel technique for fiber spinning from polymer solutions. The principal feature of the advanced process is realization of phase separation with detachment of a solvent, accompanied by the orientation of macromolecules, under the action of high extension rates. This is similar in some respects to dry spinning, though the driving force is not diffusion with subsequent evaporation of a solvent but redistribution of polymer-solvent interactions in favor of polymer-polymer and solvent-solvent ones governed by mechanical stresses. A promise of this approach has been demonstrated by experiments performed with polyacrylonitrile solutions in different solvents and solutions of the rigid-chain aromatic polyamide. We examined mechanotropic fiber spinning in model experiments with stretching jets from a drop of polymer solution in different conditions, and then demonstrated the possibility of realizing this process in the stable long-term continuous mode. During extension, phase separation happens throughout the whole section of a jet, as was confirmed by visual observation. Then a solvent diffuses on a jet surface, forming a liquid shell on the oriented fiber. Instability of this cover due to surface tension leads either to formation of separate solvent drops “seating” on the fiber or to the flow of a solvent down to the Taylor cone. The separate liquid droplets can be easily taken off a fiber. The physics underlying this process is related to the analysis of the influence of macromolecule coil-to-stretched chain transition on the intermolecular interaction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chen, Liang Yu, Chung Cheng Su, and Ren Haw Chen. "Influences of Process Conditions on Stretching Characteristics of Crystalline Polymer Film." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.342.

Full text
Abstract:
Developing the interior structures of polymer films is essential for creating novel functions of such films. This study investigates the effects of extension parameters and processing procedures on the super-structure of a polypropylene (PP) film. An biaxial extension device is also designed and fabricated to analyze the effects of annealing, extension temperature, extension rate and other parameters on the super-structures of PP films. Based on super-structure analyses, the relationships between extension parameters and film structures are determined, and an extension process that involves a second time stretching procedure is suggested. Experimental results indicate that void structures can be generated by biaxial extension at the interface between the crystalline and amorphous regions in a film. The mechanical strength of the film is also affected by stretching and become highly oriented. Although a low extension temperature can increase the number of void structures generated at a low extension ratio, structure sizes are dispersed. Additionally, voids with uniform size can be obtained when the film is stretched at a high temperature; however, it needs a high extension ratio to promote the formation of void structures. As for annealing treatment, when the annealing temperature increased, the size and quantity of the spherulites that were formed in films by annealing also increased, but these films tend to have similar sizes and numbers of void structures. Based on the experimental results, this study also describes how parameters influence the void structures of a PP film created during the extension process. Analysis results further demonstrate how extension parameters and processing procedures can be adjusted to improve the fabrication of PP films.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ding, Lei, Daoxin Zhang, Tong Wu, Feng Yang, Fang Lan, Ya Cao, and Ming Xiang. "Three-dimensional crystal structure evolution and micropore formation of β-iPP during biaxial stretching." Polymer 196 (May 2020): 122471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122471.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wu, Gao-Gao, Wen-Bo Chen, Chao Ding, Li-Yang Xu, Zheng-Ying Liu, Wei Yang, and Ming-Bo Yang. "Pore formation mechanism of oriented β polypropylene cast films during stretching and optimization of stretching methods: In-situ SAXS and WAXD studies." Polymer 163 (February 2019): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.051.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Costine, Allan, Phillip Fawell, Andrew Chryss, Stuart Dahl, and John Bellwood. "Development of Test Procedures Based on Chaotic Advection for Assessing Polymer Performance in High-Solids Tailings Applications." Processes 8, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060731.

Full text
Abstract:
Post-thickener polymer addition to initiate rapid tailings dewatering has gained considerable interest for tailings storage facility (TSF) management. However, the highly viscous and non-Newtonian rheology of dense suspensions presents unique challenges for mixing with polymer solutions. Such mixing is highly inefficient, often resulting in polymer overdosing and wide variations in deposited tailings characteristics, with the potential to significantly compromise TSF performance. In this study, a new type of mixer based on the principles of chaotic advection was used for treating kaolin suspensions with high molecular weight (MW) anionic copolymer solutions. Chaotic advection imparts efficient mixing by gently stretching and folding flows in a controlled manner, as opposed to random, high-shear flows associated with turbulent mixing, and this lower shear stress allows for the controlled formation of larger aggregate structures with vastly improved dewatering characteristics. A pre-conditioning pipe reactor prior to this mixer can also be advantageous in terms of providing a short burst of high shear for initial polymer distribution. Seven acrylamide/acrylate copolymers of a fixed anionic charge density (30%) spanning a distinct MW range, as characterized by intrinsic viscosity, were applied at elevated dosages to high-solids (20–30 wt %) kaolin suspensions in continuous flow through the chaotic mixer described above. Medium-to-high MW polymers were generally preferred, with further increases in MW resulting in significantly diminished dewatering outcomes. Direct analysis of polymer solution properties through oscillatory rheology gave a better indication of a polymer’s potential performance compared with intrinsic viscosity, offering a more robust basis for polymer selection. This represented the first systematic study into the effects of polymer properties on deposition behavior after dosing at high solids, which was only possible through the ability to apply controlled shear across the entire suspension during sample preparation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jinnai, Hiroshi. "Electron microscopy for polymer structures." Microscopy 71, Supplement_1 (February 18, 2022): i148—i164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfab057.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This paper reviews recent advances and perspectives of electron microscopy and its application to polymer hierarchical structures. Of the various kinds of hierarchical polymer structures, we placed particular emphasis on polymer nanocomposites and polymer crystals based mainly on our recent results. In those nanocomposites, the chemical bonding between the nanometer-size fillers and rubber matrix, a key contributor to the mechanical properties of the material, has been investigated by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The position-dependent EELS spectrum with high spatial resolution of STEM successfully provided revealed the presence/absence of the chemical bonds across the interface. The mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of nanocomposites have been studied by combining structural observations made using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with simulations. They have been further investigated using in situ TEM with a newly designed stretching holder, in which morphological changes, including cavity formation, were visualized and analyzed in terms of local strain distribution. The fracture processes of nanocomposite have been observed at nanometer resolution. The fundamental reinforcement mechanisms have been elucidated from morphological studies of nanocomposites under tensile deformation and during the fracture process. Moreover, nano-diffraction imaging, a position-resolved electron diffraction imaging with STEM, has been applied to a polymer crystal to evaluate the orientation of lamellar crystals at nanometer resolution. All these recent successes with radiation-sensitive polymer materials stemmed from developments made in electron optics and super-sensitive cameras used for advanced electron microscopy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Maksimova, O. G., A. V. Maksimov, V. V. Smirnov, V. I. Egorov, S. V. Osipov, and E. V. Menshikov. "Study of adsorption effect on orientational and relaxation properties of finite polymer chains near the solid surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012236.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract To study dynamic properties of a polymer coating, we consider a polymer chain with finite length. We take into account a chain bending rigidity and assume that the chain is located near an adsorbing flat surface of a solid. One part of the chain is fixed on the surface, and the second one remains free. It is supposed that the cause of chain stretching is the internal effective mean (molecular) field formed as a result of intermolecular interactions with free ends of other chains. Kinetic equations based on the Kubo method are obtained to calculate the relaxation time of the segments. The dependences of the long-range orientational order parameter and relaxation time on the adsorption parameter, the mean field coefficient and chain bending rigidity parameters are calculated. It is shown that a first-order phase transition occurs at the critical point, which is associated with a drastic change in the degree of the chain elongation. We discovered the “critical deceleration” effect, which consists in a sharp increase in the relaxation time near the critical point during the formation of surface polymer layers on the surface of a solid.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fortunato, Cavallini, De Bellis, Marra, Tamburrano, Sarto, and Sarto. "Phase Inversion in PVDF Films with Enhanced Piezoresponse Through Spin-Coating and Quenching." Polymers 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071096.

Full text
Abstract:
In the present work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films were produced by spin-coating, and applying different conditions of quenching, in order to investigate the dominant mechanism of the β-phase formation. The influence of the polymer/solvent mass ratio of the solution, the rotational speed of the spin-coater and the crystallization temperature of the film on both the β-phase content and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) were investigated. This study demonstrates that the highest values of d33 are obtained when thinner films, produced with a lower concentration of polymer in the solvent (i.e., 20 wt.%), go through quenching in water, at room temperature. Whereas, in the case of higher polymer concentration (i.e., 30 wt.%), the best value of d33 (~30 pm/V) was obtained through quenching in liquid nitrogen, at the temperature of 77 K. We believe that in the former case, phase inversion is mainly originated by electrostatic interaction of PVDF with the polar molecules of water, due to the low viscosity of the polymer solution. On the contrary, in the latter case, due to higher viscosity of the solution, mechanical stretching induced on the polymer during spin-coating deposition is the main factor inducing self-alignment of the β-phase. These findings open up a new way to realize highly efficient devices for energy harvesting and wearable sensors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer stretching during formation"

1

Mu, Shenglong. "A Real-time Study on Mechano-optical Properties of Chitosan during Film Formation and Processing." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462885413.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Яременко, Володимир Володимирович. "Формоутворюючий інструмент та технологія виготовлення корпусів із полімерних матеріалів." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23138.

Full text
Abstract:
Проаналізувавши сучасні методи виробництва полімерних орпусних деталей в умовах штучного та малосерійного виробництва, порівнявши їх переваги та недоліки, в якості технології виготовлення корпусу було обрано метод вакуумного термоформування пластику. Даний метод виготовлення дозволив суттєво скоротити витрати на проектування та виготовлення формоутворюючого інструменту. В дисертації приведено шляхи вирішення проблеми нерівномірного розподілу товщини стінки корпусу, досліджено процес витяжки матеріалу заготовки в процесі термоформування шляхом його моделювання методами кінцевих елементів в середовищі ANSYS PolyFlow. Конструкцію формоутворюючого інструменту розроблено з огляду на формування мінімально допустимої товщини стінки деталі корпусу з умов жорсткості, що відповідають міжнародним стандартам, встановленої шляхом моделювання випробувального навантаження засобами кінцевих елементів. Проведено експериментальну перевірку результатів моделювання та встановлено, що при оцінці розподілу товщини стінки деталі моделювання процесу може замінити експериментальні методики. Внаслідок чого зменшити вартість та затрати часу при розробці нового продукту та його корпусу.
Analyzing modern methods of production of polymer housing parts under single and small batch production conditions, comparing their advantages and disadvantages, the vacuum thermoforming method of plastic was chosen as the manufacturing technology of the housing. This method of manufacturing has made it possible to significantly reduce the costs of designing and manufacturing a tool. In the thesis the ways of solving the problem of uneven distribution of the shell wall thickness are given, the process of drawing the work piece material in the process of thermoforming by its finite element modeling in the ANSYS PolyFlow environment is investigated. The construction of the forming tool is designed taking into account the forming the minimum permissible wall thickness of the housing part from the rigidity conditions that meet international standards established by modeling the test load by means of finite elements. The experimental verification of simulation results is carried out and it is established that in the estimation of the wall thickness distribution of a part, the simulation of the process can replace the experimental methods. As a result, reduce the cost and time costs when developing a new product and its enclosure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pasquali, Meghan. "Mechanism of Nanostructure Formation during Solution Template Wetting." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/281.

Full text
Abstract:
Biomedical research has shown that one-dimensional nanostructures present many potential advantages as delivery vehicles for drugs and biologics. These elongated structures have high aspect ratios that enable increased drug loading capacities and have been shown to have longer in vivo circulation times than other spherical nanoparticles. The increasing interest in these one-dimensional structures has necessitated the developments of fabrication methods for the precise control of the final morphology. A simple, cost effective means of producing nanotubes and nanorods is known as solution template wetting. While this technique has been used to fabricate many different types of elongated nanostructures, the parameters governing the final morphology remain ambiguous. The objectives of this research are to investigate these critical parameters, and furthermore to develop an understanding of the physical mechanism of nanostructure formation. The effects of the infiltration technique, dipping time, polymer molecular weight and template pore size on the morphology of the resulting nanostructure have been evaluated. Key results have established that the infiltration technique is a critical parameter that can enable the formation of stable nanotubes at very low polymer concentrations. Additionally, a tube to rod transition occurs as the infiltration time is increased over 18 hr. An investigation of the rheological properties of high and low molecular weight solutions also indicates that the capillary flow and infiltration of polymer occurs differently. Finally, the pore size was also shown to affect the ability to form hollow, stable structures, and that relatively large pore sizes are necessary for nanotube formation. The culmination of these results is an understanding of the physical layering mechanism of structure formation, and the tube to rod transition can thus be predicted by researchers investigating the use of elongated nanostructures for biomedical applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ivosevic, Milan Cairncross Richard A. Knight Richard. "Splat formation during thermal spraying of polymer particles : mathematical modeling and experimental analysis /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1121.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Vafadari, Abtin. "Study of Thermal Degradation for Solid Amines During CO2 Capture Cycling and Mechanism of Porous Polymer Formation." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1312926852.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Cococcetta, Nicholas Michael. "Investigating Surface Finish, Burr Formation and Tool Wear During Sustainable Machining of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Composites." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1586533608277002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Huser, Julien. "FUI Ecoating. Comprehension of the Scale Formation Mechanism during the Suspension Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride Monomer and Development of a Durable Protective Polymer Coating." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MULH4032.

Full text
Abstract:
La production de poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC) sous forme de suspension chez INEOS ChlorVinyls est réalisée en réacteur fermé agité, dont les parois sont en émail ou en acier inoxydable. Il se forme en cours de polymérisation un dépôt de PVC (croûte) sur les parois du réacteur qui génère de nombreux inconvénients. Afin de limiter cet encroûtement, INEOS ChlorVinyls et l’ensemble des producteurs de PVC appliquent à chaque batch (par exemple pour INEOS ChlorVinyls 50 fois par jour pour ses 22 réacteurs) un revêtement organique. L’application systématique du revêtement et la formation de croûtes ont des conséquences économiques non négligeables (arrêts de production, coût de main d’œuvre et matière, coût de traitement des déchets, qualité du PVC contaminé par le revêtement…).La compréhension du phénomène d’encroûtement en vue de développer un revêtement permanent devient donc nécessaire pour améliorer la qualité des produits, diminuer les coûts et dégager un avantage concurrentiel favorable à INEOS vis-à-vis de ses concurrents. Le sujet de thèse a été divisé en deux parties bien distinctes avec premièrement l’étude du mécanisme d’encroûtement et la mise en place d’un scénario permettant d’expliquer de manière physique et chimique la formation de la croûte sur les parois du réacteur. Une seconde partie a été dédiée au développement d’un revêtement polymère avec la sélection d’un système résistant au milieu réactionnel de polymérisation en suspension du chlorure de vinyle puis à l’optimisation de l’adhésion du revêtement polymère sur acier inoxydable afin d’obtenir des performances maximales et durables
The suspension synthesis of PolyVinyl Chloride (S-PVC) at the INEOS ChlorVinyls facility in Mazingarbe (FRANCE) is realized thanks to a closed-reactor technology with reactor walls made of stainless steel or enamel. One of the major problems during the production of PVC by suspension polymerization is the formation of a deposit (called crust or scale) on the reactor walls. The formation of scale leads to numerous sorts of drawbacks like a decrease of the reactors’ productivity, the need to clean the reactors after each batch, the exposure of the operators to VinylChloride Monomer (VCM) which is classified CMR, some quality issues… At the moment, a coating is applied before each batch (50 times per day for the 22 reactors at Mazingarbe) in order to lower the amount of scale formed during the S-PVC batch. The application of the coating added to the formation of scale leads to important extra costs. The comprehension of the scale formation mechanism with the aim of then developing a durable protective coating becomes a priority in order to increase the final product quality, lower the costs and gain a competitive advantage for INEOS ChlorVinyls. The Ph.D. subject was divided into two parts with the first year dedicated to the comprehension of the scale formation mechanism and the establishment of a complete scenario explaining the formation of scale from a chemical and physical point of view. The second part of this project was dedicated to the development of a polymer coating with the selection of an adapted polymer candidate and then the optimization of its adhesion onto stainless steel in order to obtain the optimal performances and the durability of the coating
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Percha, Pamela Anne. "I, Crystallization and morphological studies of ICI's intermediate temperature semicrystalline (ITX) polymer and, II, The influence of deformation (shear strain) during bond formation on adhesive bond strength." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39045.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Oliveira, Monica S. N., Roger Yeh, and Gareth H. McKinley. "Iterated Stretching, Extensional Rheology and Formation of Beads-on-a-String Structures in Polymer Solutions." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31210.

Full text
Abstract:
The transient extensional rheology and the dynamics of elastocapillary thinning in aqueous solutions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) are studied with high-speed digital video microscopy. At long times, the evolution of the thread radius deviates from self-similar exponential decay and competition between elastic, capillary and inertial forces leads to the formation of a periodic array of beads connected by axially-uniform ligaments. This configuration is unstable and successive instabilities propagate from the necks connecting the beads and ligaments. This iterated process results in multiple generations of beads developing along the string in general agreement with predictions of Chang et al. [Phys Fluids, 11, 1717 (1999)] although the experiments yield a different recursion relation between the successive generations of beads. At long times, finite extensibility truncates the iterated instability, and slow axial translation of the bead arrays along the interconnecting threads leads to progressive coalescence before the ultimate rupture of the fluid column. Despite these dynamical complexities it is still possible to measure the steady growth in the transient extensional viscosity by monitoring the slow capillarydriven thinning in the cylindrical ligaments between beads.
Accepted for publication in JNNFM, December 2005.
NASA and the Portuguese Science Foundation
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Pourdarvish, Mohammadi Reza. "Mechanism of bubble formation during the drying of polymer films." 2005. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-773/index.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Polymer stretching during formation"

1

Davis, Fred J., ed. Polymer Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503095.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Polymer Chemistry: A Practical Approach in Chemistry has been designed for both chemists working in and new to the area of polymer synthesis. It contains detailed instructions for preparation of a wide-range of polymers by a wide variety of different techniques, and describes how this synthetic methodology can be applied to the development of new materials. It includes details of well-established techniques, e.g. chain-growth or step-growth processes together with more up-to-date examples using methods such as atom-transfer radical polymerization. Less well-known procedures are also included, e.g. electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers with highly ordered structures. Other topics covered include general polymerization methodology, controlled/"living" polymerization methods, the formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization, the synthesis of conducting polymers based on heterocyclic compounds, dendrimers, the preparation of imprinted polymers and liquid crystalline polymers. The main bulk of the text is preceded by an introductory chapter detailing some of the techniques available to the scientist for the characterization of polymers, both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their properties as materials. The book is intended not only for the specialist in polymer chemistry, but also for the organic chemist with little experience who requires a practical introduction to the field.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

West, E. James. Ebony Magazine and Lerone Bennett Jr. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043116.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This study reveals the previously hidden impact of Ebony magazine as a major producer and disseminator of popular black history during the second half of the twentieth century, stretching from its formation in 1945 to its role in the movement to establish a national holiday for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. during the 1980s. Benefitting from unprecedented access to new archival materials at Chicago State and Emory University, it focuses on the impact of Lerone Bennett, Jr., the magazine’s in-house historian and senior editor. More broadly, West highlights the value placed upon Ebony’s role as a “history book” by its contributors and readers. Using Ebony as a window into the trajectory of the post-war “modern black history revival”, this study offers a bold reinterpretation of the magazine’s place within modern American cultural and intellectual history and highlights its role as a critical tool for black history empowerment and education on a local, national and international scale.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Polymer stretching during formation"

1

Takaki, Tomohiro, M. Asanishi, A. Yamanaka, and Yoshihiro Tomita. "Phase-Field Simulation during Spherulite Formation of Polymer." In The Mechanical Behavior of Materials X, 939–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-440-5.939.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Klumperman, Bert, Pierre Smids, and Martin van Duin. "Oligomer Formation During the Copolymerization of Styrene and Maleic Anhydride." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—5, 100–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3890-1_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Dušek, Karel, and Michal Ilavský. "Effect of Dilution During Network Formation on Cyclization and Topological Constraints in Polyurethane Networks." In Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks, 233–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1343-1_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Faupel, F., A. Thran, M. Kiene, T. Strunskus, V. Zaporojtchenko, and K. Behnke. "Diffusion Of Metals In Polymers And During Metal/Polymer Interface Formation." In Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics, 221–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55908-2_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Eu, Ming-Da, and Robert Ullman. "Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymer Interdiffusion During Latex Film Formation." In ACS Symposium Series, 79–95. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0648.ch006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sidashov, A. V., and M. V. Boiko. "Surface Films Formation on Steel During Friction of Polymer Composites Containing Microcapsules with Lubricant." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1259–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22041-9_131.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Arinstein, Arkadii. "Supermolecular Structure Formation During Electrospinning, and Its Effect on Electrospun Polymer Nanofiber Unique Features." In Advanced Structured Materials, 173–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92234-8_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Senchurov, S. P., and Yu F. Zabashta. "The Formation and Destruction of the Boundary Layer in Polymer Composite Fiber Shells during Their Ageing." In Materials Science Forum, 295–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-964-4.295.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Panin, Sergey V., Lyudmila A. Kornienko, Nguyen Duc Anh, Vladislav O. Alexenko, Dmitry G. Buslovich, and Svetlana A. Bochkareva. "Three-Component Wear-Resistant PEEK-Based Composites Filled with PTFE and MoS2: Composition Optimization, Structure Homogenization, and Self-lubricating Effect." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 275–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_13.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe aim of this work was to design and optimize compositions of three-component composites based on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with enhanced tribological and mechanical properties. Initially, two-component PEEK-based composites loaded with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were investigated. It was shown that an increase in dry friction mode tribological characteristics in metal-polymer and ceramic-polymer tribological contacts was attained by loading with lubricant fluoroplastic particles. In addition, molybdenum disulfide homogenized permolecular structure and improved matrix strength properties. After that, a methodology for identifying composition of multicomponent PEEK-based composites having prescribed properties which based on a limited amount of experimental data was proposed and implemented. It was shown that wear rate of the “PEEK + 10% PTFE + 0.5% MoS2” composite decreased by 39 times when tested on the metal counterpart, and 15 times on the ceramic one compared with neat PEEK. However, in absolute terms, wear rate of the three-component composite on the metal counterpart was 1.5 times higher than on the ceramic one. A three-fold increase in wear resistance during friction on both the metal and ceramic counterparts was achieved for the “PEEK + 10% PTFE + 0.5% MoS2” three-component composite compared with the “PEEK + 10% PTFE”. Simultaneous loading with two types of fillers slightly deteriorated the polymer composite structure compared with neat PEEK. However, wear rate was many times reduced due to facilitation of transfer film formation. For this reason, there was no microabrasive wear on both metal and ceramic counterpart surfaces.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Erman, Burak, and James E. Mark. "Intermolecular Effects: I. The Constrained-Junction Model." In Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082371.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
The classical theories of rubber elasticity presented in chapter 2 are based on a hypothetical chain which may pass freely through its neighbors as well as through itself. In a real chain, however, the volume of a segment is excluded to other segments belonging either to the same chain or to others in the network. Consequently, the uncrossability of chain contours by those occupying the same volume becomes an important factor. This chapter and the following one describe theoretical models treating departures from phantom-like behavior arising from the effect of entanglements, which result from this uncrossability of network chains. The chains in the un-cross-linked bulk polymer are highly entangled. These entanglements are permanently fixed once the chains are joined during formation of the network. The degree of entanglement, or degree of interpenetration, in a network is proportional to the number of chains sharing the volume occupied by a given chain. This is quite important, since the observed differences between experimental results on real networks and predictions of the phantom network theory may frequently be attributed to the effects of entanglements. The decrease in network modulus with increasing tensile strain or swelling is the best-known effect arising from deformation-dependent contributions from entanglements. The constrained-junction model presented in this chapter and the slip-link model presented in chapter 4 are both based on the postulate that, upon stretching, the space available to a chain along the direction of stretch is increased, thus resulting in an increase in the freedom of the chain to fluctuate. Similarly, swelling with a suitable diluent separates the chains from one another, decreasing their correlations with neighboring chains. Experimental data presented in figure 3.1 show that the modulus of a network does indeed decrease with both swelling and elongation, finally becoming independent of deformation, as should be the case for the modulus of a phantom network. Rigorous derivation of the modulus of a network from the elastic free energy for this case will be given in chapter 5. The starting point of the constrained-junction model presented in this chapter is the elastic free energy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Polymer stretching during formation"

1

Wang, C. H., and H. F. Nied. "Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer During Thermoforming." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0620.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Heat transfer during thermoforming can be conceptually modeled in three distinct stages. In the first stage, the polymer sheet is heated to a temperature above its glass transition temperature in preparation for forming. Heating during this stage is usually accomplished using radiant heaters and causes sagging of the plastic sheet. Once the sheet has attained the necessary forming temperature, the second stage of heat transfer occurs when the polymer sheet is subjected to large stretching during rapid inflation. Heat transfer during this inflation stage is strongly influenced by the large increase in surface area that accompanies stretching of the plastic. Finally, in the third conceptual heat transfer stage, the plastic contacts the metal mold surface and heat is conducted from the hot plastic to the cooler metal surface. Of particular interest in this paper, is the calculation of the cooling that occurs during the rapid inflation phase of polymer processing. Sample calculations are presented for various thermoforming scenarios that illustrate the nature of this cooling mechanism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Park, Donghyun, Dae Ung Park, Kee-Sun Han, Soo Jin Shin, Hyun-Ah Oh, Tae Sung Oh, Jung-Yeol Choi, and S. K. Hynix. "Formation of metal interconnects and their resistance-change behavior during tensile stretching for stretchable packaging applications." In 2016 Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium (Pan Pacific). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/panpacific.2016.7428421.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wang, Xiaoxi, Vipin Kumar, and Wei Li. "A Study of PLA Crystallization During Solid-State Foaming." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42547.

Full text
Abstract:
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer that can be used in many applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds and packaging. The crystallinity of PLA is an important factor that affects its process-ability, mechanical strength, and biodegradability. The solid-state foaming of semi-crystalline PLA has been a subject of recent investigations. In this paper, crystallization through out the solid state foaming process was studied. It was found that the crystallization reaches the equilibrium once the gas sorption reaches the equilibrium. There are two main factors that will affect the PLA crystallization: gas sorption during the saturation stage and the heating and stretching during the foaming stage. Within the range of 2 to 5 MPa saturation pressures and 60 to 100 °C foaming temperatures, a maximum crystallinity of approx. 25% was observed in the foamed PLA. Effects of stretching and foaming temperature on crystallinity of foamed specimens were also investigated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zitha, P. L. J., A. Barnhoorn, and R. Logister. "Pressure Behavior and Fracture Development During Polymer Injection in a Heavy Oil Saturated Unconsolidated Sand." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174232-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Denton, Heidi L., and Robert M. Wallace. "Controlling polymer formation during polysilicon etching in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher." In Microelectronic Processing '92, edited by James A. Bondur, Gary Castleman, Lloyd R. Harriott, and Terry R. Turner. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.142931.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sedghi, Mohammad, and Lamia Goual. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Asphaltene Dispersion by Limonene and PVAc Polymer During CO2 Flooding." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Formation Damage Control. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179040-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Brattekås, B., M. Steinsbø, A. Graue, M. A. Fernø, H. Espedal, and R. S. Seright. "New Insight to Wormhole Formation in Polymer Gel During Water Chasefloods Using Positron Emission Tomography PET." In SPE Bergen One Day Seminar. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180051-ms.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Liu, Ya, Rebecca Vilain, and Dong Shen. "How Does EOR Polymer Impact Scale Control During ASP Flooding?" In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204350-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Polymer based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology has drawn more and more attention in the oil and gas industry. The impacts of EOR polymer on scale formation and control are not well known yet. This research investigated the impacts of EOR polymer on calcite scale formation with and without the presence of scale inhibitors. Seven different types of scale inhibitors were tested, including four different phosphonate inhibitors and three different polymeric inhibitors. Test brines included severe and moderate calcite scaling brines. The severe calcite brine is to simulate alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding conditions with high pH and high carbonate concentration. The test method used was the 24 hours static bottle test. Visual observation and the residual calcium (Ca2+) concentration determination were conducted after bottle test finished. It was found that EOR polymer can serve as a scale inhibitor in moderate calcite scaling brines, although the required dosage was significantly higher than common scale inhibitors. Strong synergistic effects were observed between EOR polymer and phosphonate scale inhibitors on calcite control, which can significantly reduce scale inhibitor dosage and provides a solution for calcite control in ASP flooding. The impact of EOR polymer on polymeric scale inhibitors varied depending on polymer types. Antagonism was observed between EOR polymer and sulfonated copolymer inhibitor, while there was weak synergism between EOR polymer and acrylic copolymer inhibitors. Therefore, when selecting scale inhibitors for polymer flooding wells in the future, the impact of EOR polymer on scale inhibitor performance should be considered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Valencia*, Luis E., Lesley A. James, and Karem Azmy. "Pore System Changes During Experimental Polymer Flooding in Ben Nevis Formation Sandstones, Hebron Field, Offshore Eastern Canada." In International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2015-2204523.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Begley, M. R., J. M. Ambrico, and E. H. Jordan. "Growth and Failure of Oxide Irregularities During Thermal Cycling: Interactions Between Stress, Geometry and Oxide Formation." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2686.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In some oxide thin film systems, such thermal barrier coating systems (TBCs), thermal cycling leads to the development of geometric irregularities in the film. The evolution of these irregularities involves very large changes in aspect-ratio and often occurs rapidly over several hundreds of cycles. A key aspect of this behavior is the development of tensile stresses in the irregularity due to plastic yielding of the surrounding metal. These stresses can accelerate the elongation of the oxide (which translates into shape evolution of the irregularity) by various mechanisms, including enhanced oxide formation, inelastic stretching (creep) and failure of the oxide. An idealized analytical model consisting of a thin elastic shell embedded in an elastic-plastic matrix is used to explore the interactions between geometry, thermal strains, plasticity and oxide growth. Boundaries between purely elastic deformation, uni-directional yielding and reversed plasticity are shown to have a strong dependence on the size of the irregularity relative to the oxide thickness. For any given thermal strain, there is a critical aspect ratio of the irregularity that leads to maximum tensile stress in the oxide. The resulting closed-form solutions allow for quick and easy evaluations of various oxide-growth scenarios, including stress-dependent oxide formation. This talk will present the application of these models to TBC thermal cycling experiments, and discuss how stress-dependent oxide formation plays a role in the rapid evolution of these irregularities. A variety of oxide growth scenarios will be illustrated, and used to demonstrate that oxide failure and subsequent oxide formation in the cracked region is the most likely explanation for the rapid shape evolution seen in the experiments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Polymer stretching during formation' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography