Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer solutions Elastic properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer solutions Elastic properties'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Southwick, J. G., and C. W. Manke. "Molecular Degradation, Injectivity, and Elastic Properties of Polymer Solutions." SPE Reservoir Engineering 3, no. 04 (November 1, 1988): 1193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15652-pa.

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LINDNER, ANKE, DANIEL BONN, EUGENIA CORVERA POIRÉ, MARTINE BEN AMAR, and JACQUES MEUNIER. "Viscous fingering in non-Newtonian fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 469 (October 15, 2002): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002001714.

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We study the viscous fingering or Saffman–Taylor instability in two different dilute or semi-dilute polymer solutions. The different solutions exhibit only one non-Newtonian property, in the sense that other non-Newtonian effects can be neglected. The viscosity of solutions of stiff polymers has a strong shear rate dependence. Relative to Newtonian fluids, narrower fingers are found for rigid polymers. For solutions of flexible polymers, elastic effects such as normal stresses are dominant, whereas the shear viscosity is almost constant. Wider fingers are found in this case. We characterize the non-Newtonian flow properties of these polymer solutions completely, allowing for separate and quantitative investigation of the influence of the two most common non-Newtonian properties on the Saffman–Taylor instability. The effects of the non-Newtonian flow properties on the instability can in all cases be understood quantitatively by redefining the control parameter of the instability.
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Shima, A., T. Tsujino, H. Nanjo, and N. Miura. "Cavitation Damage in Polymer Aqueous Solutions." Journal of Fluids Engineering 107, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242431.

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Cavitation damage tests in polymer solutions are made with a vibratory cavitation apparatus. It is possible for this device to suppress the degradation of polymer by ultrasonic cavitation. Polymer solutions used are 100 wppm, 500 wppm, and 1000 wppm solutions of Polyox. The weight loss in 100 wppm Polyox solution is larger than that in water, but in 500 wppm and 1000 wppm Polyox solutions the weight losses after 60 min exposure to cavitation are relatively small. It is indicated that the cavitation damage in polymer solutions is subject to the effective influence of elastic properties of liquids.
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Zhu, Shijie, Xinsheng Xue, Jian Zhang, Shilun Zhang, and Zhezhi Liu. "Application and Optimization of the Rheological Model for a Hydrophobically Associating Dendrimer Polymer." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091747.

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Polymer flooding is one of the most important enhancing oil recovery (EOR) technologies in the world. With the optimization of polymer synthesis, the performance of polymer solutions has been greatly improved, which can adapt to more complex oil and gas reservoirs. However, with the continuous improvement of the properties of polymer solutions, the elastic property of polymer solutions is significantly improved, and the rheological law has also changed. This series of changes affects the application of polymer flooding reservoir numerical simulation technology. Therefore, constructing an accurate description model and precise limitation conditions is particularly important. The rheological curve with a wide shear range (0.1~10,000 s−1) and the viscoelasticity of the two polymers (partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and dendritic hydrophobic association polymer (DHAP)) were analyzed and tested by a rotating rheometer. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, the rheological curve of both polymers can be described by the Carreau rheological model. Meanwhile, the structural viscosity of the hydrophobically associating polymer solution (DHAP) greatly improved the elasticity of the solution and led to the change of elastic modulus. Considering the influence of elastic characteristics on the rheological curve, the relaxation time spectrum derived from small vibration experimental data was used to limit the characteristic relaxation time, that is, the value range of λ. It was observed that the experimental data were highly matched with the nonlinear regression fitting curve of the Carreau rheological model. Therefore, the relationship between different test parameters should be fully considered while studying the rheological constitutive equation of viscoelastic fluid, so as to optimize and improve the equation of it.
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Zhu, Shijie, Xinsheng Xue, Jian Zhang, Shilun Zhang, and Zhezhi Liu. "Application and Optimization of the Rheological Model for a Hydrophobically Associating Dendrimer Polymer." Polymers 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091747.

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Polymer flooding is one of the most important enhancing oil recovery (EOR) technologies in the world. With the optimization of polymer synthesis, the performance of polymer solutions has been greatly improved, which can adapt to more complex oil and gas reservoirs. However, with the continuous improvement of the properties of polymer solutions, the elastic property of polymer solutions is significantly improved, and the rheological law has also changed. This series of changes affects the application of polymer flooding reservoir numerical simulation technology. Therefore, constructing an accurate description model and precise limitation conditions is particularly important. The rheological curve with a wide shear range (0.1~10,000 s−1) and the viscoelasticity of the two polymers (partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and dendritic hydrophobic association polymer (DHAP)) were analyzed and tested by a rotating rheometer. The results showed that under the experimental conditions, the rheological curve of both polymers can be described by the Carreau rheological model. Meanwhile, the structural viscosity of the hydrophobically associating polymer solution (DHAP) greatly improved the elasticity of the solution and led to the change of elastic modulus. Considering the influence of elastic characteristics on the rheological curve, the relaxation time spectrum derived from small vibration experimental data was used to limit the characteristic relaxation time, that is, the value range of λ. It was observed that the experimental data were highly matched with the nonlinear regression fitting curve of the Carreau rheological model. Therefore, the relationship between different test parameters should be fully considered while studying the rheological constitutive equation of viscoelastic fluid, so as to optimize and improve the equation of it.
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Dealy, John M. "Rheology of Molten Polymers." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 8 (August 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056281.

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The term “polymeric liquids” is used to describe both solutions of polymers and molten polymers. All polymeric liquids exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, including a shear stress-dependent viscosity and elasticity. However, concentrated solutions and melts of polymers whose molecular weights exceed a certain critical value (the “critical molecular weight for entanglement,” Mc) exhibit quite remarkable deviations from classical fluid behavior, especially marked elasticity. Among the remarkable rheological phenomena exhibited by these materials are elastic recoil and flow-induced an-isotropy. Indeed, in certain situations, such materials can exhibit elastic effects that are almost indistinguishable from those exhibited by cross-linked rubbers. This behavior is important, because most commercial “thermoplastics,” such as polyethylene and polystyrene, have high molecular weights (M > Mc) and are processed in the molten state.A given generic polymer, polyethylene for example, can exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the molecular weight distribution. Another important aspect of molecular structure is branching. For many monomers (the molecular building blocks that make a polymer molecule), two types of polymer structure are possible, linear and branched. For example, ethylene can be polymerized in two ways to form either linear polyethylene or branched polyethylene. Branching enhances the non-Newtonian and elastic aspects of the melt flow behavior. Yet another possible aspect of polymer molecular structure is the presence of a comonomer.
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Simonov-Emel’yanov, I. D., and A. V. Petrov. "Structure and Visco-Elastic Properties of Polymer Solutions for Electrospinning Fibers." Fibre Chemistry 49, no. 3 (September 2017): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-017-9863-1.

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Gupta, Anupam, and Dario Vincenzi. "Effect of polymer-stress diffusion in the numerical simulation of elastic turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 870 (May 10, 2019): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.224.

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Elastic turbulence is a chaotic regime that emerges in polymer solutions at low Reynolds numbers. A common way to ensure stability in numerical simulations of polymer solutions is to add artificially large polymer-stress diffusion. In order to assess the accuracy of this approach in the elastic turbulence regime, we compare numerical simulations of the two-dimensional Oldroyd-B and FENE-P models sustained by a cellular force with and without artificial diffusion. We find that artificial diffusion can have a dramatic effect even on the large-scale properties of the flow and we show some of the spurious phenomena that may arise when artificial diffusion is used.
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Clarke, A., A. M. Howe, J. Mitchell, J. Staniland, and L. A. Hawkes. "How Viscoelastic-Polymer Flooding Enhances Displacement Efficiency." SPE Journal 21, no. 03 (June 15, 2016): 0675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174654-pa.

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Summary Increasing flooding-solution viscosity with polymers provides a favorable mobility ratio compared with brine flooding and hence improves volumetric sweep efficiency. Flooding with a polymer solution exhibiting elastic properties has been reported to increase displacement efficiency, resulting in a sustained doubling of the recovery enhancement compared with the use of conventional viscous-polymer flooding (Wang et al. 2011). Flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions is claimed also to increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number alone (Wang et al. 2010). This increase in displacement efficiency by viscoelastic polymers is reported to occur because of changes in the steady-state-flow profile and enhancements in oil stripping and thread formation. However, within the industry there are doubts that a genuine effect is observed, or that improvements in displacement efficiency occur with field-applicable flow regimes (Vermolen et al. 2014). In this study, we demonstrate that flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions can indeed increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number. We show a mechanism of fluctuations in flow at low Reynolds number by which viscoelastic-polymer solutions provide improvements in displacement efficiency. The mechanism, known as elastic turbulence, is an effect previously unrecognized in this context. We demonstrate that the effect may be obtained at field-relevant flow rates. Furthermore, this underlying mechanism explains both the enhanced capillary-desaturation curves and the observation of apparent flow thickening (Delshad et al. 2008; Seright et al. 2011) for these viscoelastic solutions in porous media. The work contrasts experiments on flow and recovery by use of viscous and viscoelastic-polymer solutions. The circumstances under which viscoelasticity is beneficial are demonstrated. The findings are applicable to the design of formulations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by polymer flooding. A combination of coreflooding, micromodel flow, and rheometric studies is presented. The results include single-phase and multiphase floods in sandstone cores. Polymer solutions are viscoelastic [partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)] or viscous (xanthan). The effects of molecular weight, flow rate, and concentration of the HPAMs are described. The data lead us to suggest a mechanism that may be used to explain the observations of improved displacement efficiency and why the improvement is not seen for all viscoelastic-polymer floods.
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De Corato, Marco, and Marino Arroyo. "A theory for the flow of chemically responsive polymer solutions: Equilibrium and shear-induced phase separation." Journal of Rheology 66, no. 5 (September 2022): 813–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000475.

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Chemically responsive polymers are macromolecules that respond to local variations of the chemical composition of the solution by changing their conformation, with notable examples including polyelectrolytes, proteins, and DNA. The polymer conformation changes can occur in response to changes in the pH, the ionic strength, or the concentration of a generic solute that interacts with the polymer. These chemical stimuli can lead to drastic variations of the polymer flexibility and even trigger a transition from a coil to a globule polymer conformation. In many situations, the spatial distribution of the chemical stimuli can be highly inhomogeneous, which can lead to large spatial variations of polymer conformation and of the rheological properties of the mixture. In this paper, we develop a theory for the flow of a mixture of solute and chemically responsive polymers. The approach is valid for generic flows and inhomogeneous distributions of polymers and solutes. To model the polymer conformation changes introduced by the interactions with the solute, we consider the polymers as linear elastic dumbbells whose spring stiffness depends on the solute concentration. We use Onsager’s variational formalism to derive the equations governing the evolution of the variables, which unveils novel couplings between the distribution of dumbbells and that of the solute. Finally, we use a linear stability analysis to show that the governing equations predict an equilibrium phase separation and a distinct shear-induced phase separation whereby a homogeneous distribution of solute and dumbbells spontaneously demix. Similar phase transitions have been observed in previous experiments using stimuli-responsive polymers and may play an important role in living systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Farmer, David John. "Elastic measurements in ultra-thin polymer structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33073/.

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This thesis contains details of a series of experiments performed to investigate the acoustic and elastic properties of ultra-thin polymer structures. Three main investigations were conducted. The first involved studying quantised vibrations in ultra-thin (∼100 nm) polystyrene films on silicon substrates. These films were vibrated via the picosecond acoustic technique, an optical pump-probe method. Quantised, harmonic vibrations were observed in the films with frequencies of the order of 10 GHz. The polymer films were then loaded by evaporating small thicknesses (2.5 - 30 nm) of gold. The frequencies of loaded areas were observed relative to the unloaded films. This frequency shift is described via a theory that considers the elastic wave equation in the structure with appropriate boundary conditions. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is achieved, suggesting the potential for using these films as ultra-sensitive mass sensors. The second experimental chapter deals with experiments performed on polymer Bragg reflectors. These multilayer structures were again investigated via the picosecond technique. The reflected intensity of the probe laser beam was observed to be modulated by the strain pulse as it travelled through the structure. These results were compared to theoretically generated signals and this comparison suggests that, in the polymer structures considered here, the modulation can be described almost exclusively by the photo-elastic effect. Although the modulation is small it opens up the possibility of using similar structures in combinations with micro-cavities to act as high frequency optical components. The final experimental chapter details attempts to develop a new metrology for elastic properties in ultra-thin polymer films floated on a water surface. The films were cut into annuli and placed on a Langmuir-Blodgett trough before surfactant was placed around the outside. By moving the barriers of the trough, a surface pressure difference between the inside and outside of the annulus could be controlled and a wrinkling pattern induced around the annulus. A system for imaging and counting the wrinkles as a function of the surface pressure difference was developed and a theory that attempts to describe this is detailed. While the experimental technique is successful in producing highly controlled, reproducible wrinkles, the theoretical analysis currently overestimates the Young's modulus of the films. The reasons for this as well as avenues for further work are considered. The results of these three investigations all demonstrate the rich physics accessible in ultra-thin polymer films. Furthermore, it points to their potential to b e a key material as devices are more commonly manufactured at the nano-scale.
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Whang, Kyu-ho. "Static and Flow Properties of Dilute Polymer Solutions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501073/.

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Small weight percentages of certain high-molecular weight polymers added to liquids in turbulent flow through conduits can result in dramatic friction reduction. Although many current and potential uses of the drag reduction phenomenon exist, there is a fundamental problem: drag reduction efficacy decreases rapidly with flow time due to the mechanical degradation in flow of the added polymer. In this thesis study, dilute aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide were tested under turbulent flow conditions in an attempt to determine where mechanical degradation in flow occurs.
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Gutsul, O. V. "The rheological and electrical properties of polymer-colloid solutions." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18320.

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Eastman, John. "The shear and extensional flow properties of polymer/surfactant solutions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319075.

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De, Joannis Jason. "Equilibrium properties of polymer solutions at surfaces Monte Carlo simulations /." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ane5947/dissertation%5Fdone.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2000.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 242 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 232-241).
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Sukhadia, Tejas. "Prediction of phase equilibria in solutions : an associative reformulation of thermodynamic theories of solutions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11886.

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Baranowski, Roman. "The properties of polymer/solvent systems at surfaces and interfaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25767.pdf.

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Mueller, A. J. "Extensional flow of macromolecules in solution." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234875.

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Omowunmi, Sunday Chima. "Modelling the nonlinear dynamics of polymer solutions in complex flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-the-nonlinear-dynamics-of-polymer-solutions-in-complex-flows(3230a688-0ea4-4620-bda1-396346feb645).html.

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The flow of polymer solutions in the high Elasticity number, El, regime in complex geometries may lead to strong viscoelastic behaviour and eventually become unstable as the Weissenberg number, Wi, is increased beyond a critical level. So far, the success of numerical simulations in predicting the highly non-linear behaviour of polymer solutions in complex flows has been limited. In this thesis, selected constitutive models are evaluated under the high El flow regime in the cross-slot and contraction benchmark flows using a numerical technique based on the finite volume method. The numerical technique is implemented within the OpenFOAM framework and thoroughly validated in the benchmark flow. A modification to the FENE dumbbell model based on the non-affine deformation of polymer solutions is proposed, which enabled the prediction of some non-linear material functions and also enhanced numerical stability, allowing a higher Wi to be attained. Asymmetric flow instability in the cross-slot flow has been studied. Time-dependent stability diagrams were constructed based on Wi and the strain, ε, both of which govern the stretching of a polymer chain. In the contraction flow, elastic instability is simulated for the first time in this geometry. Substantial time-dependent asymmetric flow patterns were predicted as seen in experiments. The effect of the contraction ratio is investigated through a stability diagram. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were also carried out to study the effect of the aspect ratio in the contraction flow of a Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid. The simulations suggest that a lip vortex mechanism is a signature for the onset of strong viscoelastic behaviour.
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LaRiviere, Daniel John Christopher. "Viscometric properties of dilute lubricating oil-polymer solutions over a wide temperature range." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30961.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Polymeric liquids and networks: Structure and properties. New York: Garland Science, 2004.

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Kratochvíl, Pavel. Classical light scattering from polymer solutions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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Hao, Wen. Polymer solution data collection. Frankfurt/Main, Germany: DECHEMA, 1992.

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Polymers near surfaces: Conformation properties and relation to critical phenomena. Singapore: World Scientific, 1993.

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Shahidullah, Muhammad. Stretching and lubricating properties of polymer solutions and motor oils. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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CRC handbook of thermodynamics data of polymer solutions at elevated pressures. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.

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1959-, High Martin S., ed. Handbook of polymer solution thermodynamics. New York: Design Institute for Physical Property Data, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1993.

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CRC handbook of enthalpy data of polymer-solvent systems. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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1924-, Bird R. Byron, ed. Dynamics of polymeric liquids. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Ladin, Dmitry. Study of the rheological properties of polymer/gas solutions based on a foam extrusion system. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Suriano, Raffaella, Andrea Mantelli, Gianmarco Griffini, Stefano Turri, and Giacomo Bonaiti. "Styrene-Free Liquid Resins for Composite Reformulation." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 99–123. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_6.

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AbstractThree different classes of thermosetting styrene-free resins were investigated to assess their suitability to constitute the matrix phase in the reformulation of composites reinforced with mechanically recycled glass fibers. Resin reactivity and mechanical properties after curing were compared to commercial styrene-based, unsaturated polyester resins. The polymeric resin, acting as a binder, could be properly selected depending on the desired reactivity, processability, and mechanical behavior. Some prototypal examples of reformulated composites with different types and contents of recycled glass fibers were produced and mechanically tested. The combination of the epoxy resin with up to 60 wt% of mechanically recycled glass fibers resulted in an increase of elastic modulus up to 7.5 GPa.
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Shenoy, Aroon V. "Steady shear elastic properties." In Rheology of Filled Polymer Systems, 312–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9213-0_7.

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Sorbie, K. S. "Properties of polymer solutions." In Polymer-Improved Oil Recovery, 37–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3044-8_3.

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Münstedt, Helmut. "Influence of Elastic Properties on Processing." In Elastic Behavior of Polymer Melts, 219–45. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569907559.012.

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Yamakawa, Emeritus Hiromi. "Dynamical Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 353–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60817-9_10.

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Yamakawa, Emeritus Hiromi. "Equilibrium Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 115–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60817-9_5.

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Yamakawa, Emeritus Hiromi. "Transport Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 171–224. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60817-9_6.

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Yamakawa, Hiromi, and Takenao Yoshizaki. "Dynamical Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 437–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48716-7_11.

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Yamakawa, Hiromi, and Takenao Yoshizaki. "Equilibrium Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 129–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48716-7_5.

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Yamakawa, Hiromi, and Takenao Yoshizaki. "Transport Properties." In Helical Wormlike Chains in Polymer Solutions, 193–249. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48716-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Kolokolkina, Nadezhda V. "Effect of fluoride supplements on polymer fiber structure." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-2-207-209.

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Opportunities to obtain modified polymer (fluoride, chlorine-containing) materials with high levels of anti-adgesion properties and preservation of elastic-strength indicators are considered when using the method of coagulation moulding from solutions of fiber-forming polymers with supplements of fluoride-containing PAV, the anti-adgesion and strength properties of polymer materials are investigated.
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Xu, Changxue, Zhengyi Zhang, Yong Huang, and Heqi Xu. "Phase Diagram of Pinch-Off Behaviors During Drop-on-Demand Inkjetting of Alginate Solutions." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2915.

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Abstract Viscoelastic polymer solutions have been extensively utilized in drop-wise manufacturing (such as inkjet printing) for a variety of biomedical applications. The pinch-off of viscoelastic jets is a key step towards generation of droplets in inkjet printing. This complex process is governed by interplay of four stresses including inertial stress, capillary stress, viscous stress, and elastic stress. Depending on polymer solution properties and process conditions, four types of pinch-off phenomenon were observed during inkjetting of viscoelastic alginate solutions. In this study, material properties of alginate solutions with different concentrations have been characterized, and three dimensionless numbers (Ohnesorge number Oh, Deborah number De and Weber number We) have been proposed to analyze different pinch-off behaviors. Phase diagram in terms of these three dimensionless numbers has been constructed to classify the regimes for different pinch-off types during inkjetting of viscoelastic alginate solutions. It is found that: 1) At low De and Oh, the viscoelastic effect is small. The capillary stress is mainly balanced by the inertial stress, resulting in front pinching. 2) At medium De and low Oh, the capillary stress is still mainly balanced by the inertial stress, but the elastic effect starts to show its effect by delaying the ligament thinning near the front-pinching location. With the increase of We, the pinch-off type may change from front pinching to hybrid pinching to exit pinching. 3) At low Oh and high De, the viscous and inertial effects are small. The capillary stress is mainly balanced by the elastic stress, resulting in exit pinching. 4) At high Oh and De, the viscoelastic effect is dominant. The capillary stress is mainly balanced by the viscous and elastic stresses. With the increase of We, middle pinching turns to be exit pinching due to the increase of the initial ligament diameter near the forming droplet.
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Yazdchi, K., and M. Salehi. "On Viscoelasticity in CNT-Reinforced Polymer Composites." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37820.

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The nanocomposites exhibit high electrical conductivity, significant non-linear optical behavior and electroluminescence, while having substantially improved mechanical properties relative to the neat polymer. However, very limited attention has been paid to the viscoelastic behavior of nanotube reinforced polymer composites (NTRPCs). In this paper, the constitutive relation and linear viscoelastic behavior of NTRPC are studied using methods of micromechanics and nanomechanics. First, the effects of volume fraction, aspect ratio and orientation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), on the overall elastic properties of NTRPC are obtained through a micromechanical technique based on Eshelby’s Equivalent Inclusion (EEI) and Mori-Tanaka (MT) method. Secondly, by incorporating the Dynamic Correspondence Principle (DCP), the elastic solution is extended to solve the related linear viscoelastic problem. The results of this study are in good agreement when compared with previous analytical and experimental data.
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Wang, Zhen, and Frank T. Fisher. "Analytical Solution of the Dilute Strain Concentration Tensor for Coated Cylindrical Inclusions, and Applications for Polymer Nanocomposites." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37517.

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Recently nanoparticle-reinforced polymer nanocomposite materials, comprised of the inclusion, (non-bulk polymer) interphase and the bulk polymer matrix, have received considerable interest. Because of interaction between the nanoinclusion and surrounding polymer matrix, the non-bulk polymer in the vicinity of the nanoinclusion has different properties than the bulk polymer. With tremendous amount of surface area, the interphase may have a large influence on the overall nanocomposite properties and complicate micromechanical predictions of effective properties. Although several micromechanical approaches can provide approximations of the effective elastic modulus, they require one to calculate the dilute concentration tensor using the well-known Eshelby tensor that treat interphase as separate, physically distinct inclusions. However, their elegant solutions are no longer available when the real geometry of the annular interphase must be considered. This work analytically determined the components of the dilute strain concentration tensors for both the inclusion and the interphase by addressing four auxiliary loading cases, which can be directly implemented within standard micromechanical approaches, such as the Mori-Tanaka model, to predict the effective properties of polymer nanocomposites with cylindrical/fibrous nanoinclusions. Comparison of the predictions of the proposed model with predictions based on the traditional Multiphase Mori-Tanaka approach show that differences between the models are largest when the annular interphase region is softer than the matrix material, attributed to the ability of the proposed model to capture the “stress-shielding effect” in the case of the softer annular interphase. In addition, we have examined several sets of experimental data from the literature for both stiff and soft interphase systems to shed further insight on the utility of the proposed model. The model proposed here would provide an important guideline to evaluate the impact of chemical functionalization techniques and other strategies that seek to tailor the properties of the interphase region in nanocomposite materials.
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Morenko, Yana, Pavlo Krokhmal, and Olesya I. Zhupanska. "On the Overall Properties of Composites Reinforced by Fibers With Prescribed Orientations." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50526.

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This study is concerned with development of bounds on the elastic properties of fiber reinforced composites with arbitrary orientational distribution of fibers. Generalization of the Mori-Tanaka model [1] and Hashin-Schtrikman variational bounds [2] to the cases of non-aligned composite phases are examined. Orientation distribution functions (ODF) are used to describe orientation probability density. It is shown that the Mori-Tanaka scheme applied to the non-aligned fiber reinforced composites violates symmetry of the effective elastic moduli tensor. The study of the literature also reveals that there are no known bounds derived for the composites with orientational distribution (except for the random uniform distribution) of phases. To overcome this issue we propose to formulate a problem of finding tightest bounds for the composites with non-aligned phases as a nonlinear semidefinite optimization problem, i.e., an optimization problem where the optimization variables are represented by symmetric positive semidefinite matrices. Such a formulation guarantees that any solution of the optimization problem represents a valid tensor of elastic material properties. The optimization problem then is solved by an interior point method to produce optimal bounds for the overall elastic properties of two-phase composite with uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix.
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Koosha, Rasool, and Luis San Andrés. "Effect of Pad and Liner Material Properties on the Static Load Performance of a Tilting Pad Thrust Bearing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90231.

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Abstract Tilting Pad Thrust Bearings (TPTBs) control rotor axial placement in rotating machinery and their main advantages include low drag power loss, simple installation, and low-cost maintenance. The paper details a novel thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) analysis predictive tool for TPTBs that considers a 3D thermal energy transport equation in the fluid film, coupled with heat conduction equations in the pads, and a generalized Reynolds equation with cross-film viscosity variation. The predicted pressure field and temperature rise are employed in a finite element structural model to produce 3D elastic deformation fields in the bearing pads. Solutions of the governing equations delivers the operating film thickness, required flow rate, shear drag power loss, and the pad and lubricant temperature rises as a function of an applied load and shaft speed. To verify the model, predictions of pad sub-surface temperature are benchmarked against published test data for a centrally pivoted eight-pad TPTB with 267 mm in outer diameter operating at 4–13 krpm (maximum surface speed = 175 m/s) and under a specific load ranging from 0.69 to 3.44 MPa. The current TEHD temperature predictions match well the test data with a maximum difference of 4°C and 11°C (< 10%) at laminar and turbulent flow conditions, receptively. Next, the TEHD predictive tool is used to study the influence of both pad and liner material properties on the performance of a TPTB. The analysis takes a whole steel pad (without a liner or babbitt), a steel pad with a 2 mm thick babbitt layer (common usage), a steel pad with a 2 mm thick hard-polymer (polyether ether ketone, e.g PEEK®) liner, and a pad entirely made of hard-polymer material, whose elastic modulus is just 12.5 GPa, only 6% that of steel. The bare steel pad reveals the poorest performance among all the pads as it produces the smallest fluid film thickness and consumes the largest drag power loss. For laminar flow operations (Reynolds number Re < 580), the babbitted-steel pad operates with the thickest fluid film and the lowest film temperature rise. For turbulent flow conditions Re > 800, the solid hard-polymer pad, however, shows a 23% thicker film than that in the babbitted pad and produces up to 25% lesser drag power loss. In general, the solid hard-polymer TPTB is found to be a good fit for operation at a turbulent flow condition as it shows a lower drag power loss and a larger film thickness, however, its demand for a too large supply flow rate is significant. Predictions for steel pads with various hard-polymer liner and babbitt thicknesses demonstrate that using a hard-polymer liner, instead of white metal, isolates the pad from the fluid film and results in an up to 30°C (50%) lower temperature rise in the pads than that for a babbitted-steel pad. For operations under a heavy specific load (> 3.0 MPa), however, a thick hard-polymer liner extensively deforms and results in a small film thickness.
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Cramer, Nick, and M. Teodorescu. "Analysis of Polymer Micro Fibers: A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Approach." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12702.

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The nanofibrillar array of a Gecko inspired Synthetic Adhesive (GSA) adheres to a surfaces when fibers undergo deformations of both the stems and the tip. The GSA’s show interesting changes in effectiveness dependent on use patterns, preloads, and material types, amongst other parameters. The polymers fibers also, display plastic creep even at relatively low strain rates and stresses below plastic yield. Therefore, a suitable numerical solution, which predicts the fiber geometry, must consider not only the initial shape of the fiber, but also the fiber progressive deformation (local and global) and the influence this has on the local mechanical properties (elastic, viscoelastic, strain hardening/softening and plastic flow). The localized mechanical properties are difficult to calculate using traditional methods because of the nonlinearities associated with viscoelastic effects, the large deformations, and the variable boundary conditions. However, the variable boundary conditions make a mesh free modeling method ideal. Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of the most prominent mesh free Lagrange method, which takes a set particle and uses particle kinematics, density gradients, and material properties to determine the interaction between particles. As a first step towards modeling the behavior of a fibrillar adhesive surface, this paper focuses on the modeling of a single polymer fiber. The single micro fiber will be subjected to similar conditions to what it would see as part of an array. This will allow the SPH method of simulation to be critiqued for its further use in simulating polymer microfiber. While the localized mechanical properties of the polymer, which depend on viscoelastic effect and other nonlinear phenomena, are difficult to determine analytically. The modeling technique can be compared to standard analytical methods for global parameters. It was found that the SPH method was able to appropriately model the effect of various scenarios on the mechanical deformation and resonance of a polymer microfiber. Further more the friction force for the fiber on glass was calculated as were the localized fiber velocities and stresses.
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Thomas, David J., and Robert C. Wetherhold. "Modeling the Effective Elastic Behavior of a Transversely Cracked Laminated Composite." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-495.

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The solution for the stress state present in the vicinity of transverse matrix cracks within a composite laminate is typically obtained by assuming a regular crack spacing geometry for the problem and applying a shear-lag analysis. In order to explore the validity of this underlying assumption, the probability density function for the location of the next transverse matrix crack within a crack bounded region is examined. The regular crack spacing assumption is shown to be reasonable from an engineering point of view. Continuing with this assumption, a generalized shear-lag model for multi-layer, off-axis laminates subjected to full in-plane loads is developed. This model is used to quantitatively evaluate the effective elastic properties of the damaged material. The results are applicable to materials such as ceramic matrix or polymer matrix unidirectional fiber systems where damage in the form of transverse matrix cracks arises.
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Wei, Bei, Jian Hou, and Ermeng Zhao. "Effects of Non-Newtonian Fluid Characteristics on Flow Dynamics in Polymer Flooding: a Lattice Boltzmann Study." In SPE Europec featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205225-ms.

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Abstract The flow dynamics of non-Newtonian fluid in porous media is much different from the Newtonian fluid. In this work, we establish a lattice Boltzmann model for polymer flooding taking into both the power law fluid properties and viscoelastic fluid properties. Using this model, we investigate the viscosity distribution in porous media, the local apparent permeability in porous media, and the effect of elastic force on the remaining oil in dead ends. Firstly, we build a single phase lattice Boltzmann model to evolve the fluid velocity field. Then the viscosity and shear rate in each lattice can be calculated based on the relaxation time and velocity field. We further make the fluid viscosity change with the shear rate according to the power-law fluid constitutive equation, consequently establish the lattice Boltzmann model for power law fluid. Moreover, we derive the Maxwell viscoelastic fluid model in integral form using Boltzmann superposition principle, and the elastic force is calculated from the divergence of the stress tensor. We then couple the elastic force into the lattice Boltzmann model by Newton's second law, and finally establish the lattice Boltzmann model of the viscoelastic fluid. Both the models are validated against analytical solutions. The simulation results show that when the power-law index is smaller than 1, the fluid viscosity shows a distribution of that viscosity is higher in pore center and lower near the wall; while when the index is larger than 1, the fluid viscosity shows a opposite distribution. This is because the pore center has a high velocity but a low shear rate, while the boundary has a low velocity but a high shear rate. Moreover, the local apparent permeability decreases with the power law index, and the number of hyper-permeable bands also decreases. In addition, the local permeability shows pressure gradient dependence. Considering the viscoelasticity effects, the displacement fluid has a clear tendency to sweep deeply into the dead end, which improves the oil washing efficiency of the dead end. The model provides a pore scale simulation tool for polymer flooding and help understand the flow mechanisms and enhanced oil recovery mechanisms during polymer flooding.
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Xu, Weiheng, Dharneedar Ravichandran, Sayli Jambhulkar, Yuxiang Zhu, and Kenan Song. "Fabrication of Multilayered Polymer Composite Fibers for Enhanced Functionalities." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64039.

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Abstract Carbon nanoparticles-based polymer composites have wide applications across different fields for their unique functional properties, durability, and chemical stability. When combining nanoparticle morphologies with micro- or macro-scale morphologies, the hierarchal structure often would greatly enhance the composites’ functionalities. Here in this work, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) based multilayered fiber is fabricated through the combination of dry-jet-wet spinning, based on an in-house designed spinneret which accommodates three layers spinning solution, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), at 220 °C. The multilayered spinneret enables the spinnability of a high GnPs loaded spinning dope, highly elastic, with great mechanical strength, elongation, and flexibility. The HIP process resulted in superior electrical properties as well as a newly emerged fourth hollow layer. Together, such a scalable fabrication method promotes a piezoresistive sensor that is sensitive to uniaxial strain and radial air pressure. The hollow fiber is characterized based on surface morphologies, layer formation, percolation threshold, piezoresistive gauge factor, mechanical stability and reversibility, and air-pressure sensitivity and reversibility. Such facile fabrication methods and unique structures have combined the mechanically robust outer shell with a highly conductive middle sensing layer for a new sensor with great potentials in wearable, robotics, biomedical, and other areas.
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Reports on the topic "Polymer solutions Elastic properties"

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Nguyen, Ba Nghiep, and Joshua Paquette. EMTA?s Evaluation of the Elastic Properties for Fiber Polymer Composites Potentially Used in Hydropower Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/992373.

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Loey, N. Evaluating Novel Polymer-Composite Resins for the Ability to Derive Elastic Properties for Explicit Formulations, or to Develop Nonlinear Models Thereof. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1734981.

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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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