Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer/nanocrystals composite material

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer/nanocrystals composite material'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

1

Havryliuk, Yevhenii, Volodymyr Dzhagan, Anatolii Karnaukhov, Oleksandr Selyshchev, Julia Hann, and Dietrich R. T. Zahn. "Raman Spectroscopy and Thermoelectric Characterization of Composite Thin Films of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals Embedded in a Conductive Polymer PEDOT:PSS." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010041.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an intensively studied potential solar cell absorber and a promising thermoelectric (TE) material. In the form of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), it is very convenient to form thin films on various substrates. Here, we investigate composites of CZTS NCs with PEDOT:PSS, a widely used photovoltaics polymer. We focus on the investigation of the structural stability of both NCs and polymers in composite thin films with different NC-to-polymer ratios. We studied both pristine films and those subjected to flash lamp annealing (FLA) or laser irradiation with various power densities. Raman spectroscopy was used as the main characterization technique because the vibrational modes of CZTS NCs and the polymer can be acquired in one spectrum and thus allow the properties of both parts of the composite to be monitored simultaneously. We found that CZTS NCs and PEDOT:PSS mutually influence each other in the composite. The thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/CZTS composite films were found to be higher compared to the films consisting of bare materials, and they can be further improved by adding DMSO. However, the presence of NCs in the polymer deteriorates its structural stability when subjected to FLA or laser treatment.
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Choi, YongJae, and John Simonsen. "Cellulose Nanocrystal-Filled Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.132.

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Polymer nanocomposites are one of the important application areas for nanotechnology. Naturally derived organic nanophase materials are of special interest in the case of polymer nanocomposites. Carboxymethyl cellulose is a polyelectrolyte derived from natural materials. It has been extensively studied as a hydrogel polymer. Methods to modify the mechanical properties of gels and films made from CMC are of interest in our lab and in the commercial marketplace. The effect of nano-sized fillers on the properties of CMC-based composites is of interest in the development of novel or improved applications for hydrogel polymers in general and CMC in particular. This project investigated cellulose nanocrystals (CNXLs) as a filler in CMC and compared the effects to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The composite material was composed of CMC, MCC or CNXL, with glycerin as a plasticizer. CNXL and MCC concentrations ranged from 5% to 30%. Glycerin concentrations were kept constant at 10%. CNXLs improved the strength and stiffness of the resulting composite compared to MCC. In addition, a simple heat treatment was found to render the nanocomposite water resistant.
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WEI, Haotong, and Bai YANG. "POLYMER-NANOCRYSTALS COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION." Acta Polymerica Sinica 011, no. 9 (September 21, 2011): 939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2011.11136.

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Dutta, Sayan Deb, Dinesh K. Patel, Yu-Ri Seo, Chan-Woo Park, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jin-Woo Kim, Jangho Kim, Hoon Seonwoo, and Ki-Taek Lim. "In Vitro Biocompatibility of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Cellulose Nanocrystals-Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (October 15, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2061545.

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as promising materials for the fabrication of micro/nanoplatforms that can replace tissues more effectively. CNCs offer interesting properties that facilitate the enhancement of polymer properties. Cytotoxicity of rice husk-derived CNCs was evaluated through WST-1 assay in the presence of human mesenchymal stem cells. Electrospinning technique was used to fabricate nanofibers of poly-ε-caprolactone and its composites. Significant improvement in the mechanical property was observed in the composites relative to the pure polymer. This improvement was attributed to the better interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and CNCs. Notably, better cell viability and differentiation were observed with the composite nanofibers than with the pure polymers. The osteogenic potential of the fabricated nanofibers was assessed by alizarin red S staining and real-time PCR. Enhanced mineralization occurred in the presence of the composite rather than pure polymer nanofibers. Furthermore, the higher levels of osteogenic markers observed with the media containing the composites clearly indicated their osteogenic potential. These results suggested that fabricated composites have the potential to be used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
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Su, Si, Shaoying Hu, and Qi Liu. "Application of Polypyrrole Cellulose Nanocrystalline Composite Conductive Material in Garment Design." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4187826.

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The Chinese nation has a long cultural history and has deep attainments in food, clothing, art, and other cultural fields. With the development of science, technology, economy, and culture, new materials continue to appear, providing new ideas for clothing design. Polypyrrole is a common conductive polymer. The pure pyrrole monomer presents a colorless oily liquid at room temperature, slightly soluble in water and nontoxic. Nanocrystals, also called nanoscale crystals, use high-energy polymer spheres to pack calcium, magnesium ions, and bicarbonate in water to produce a water-insoluble crystal structure. Conductive composite materials mainly refer to composite conductive polymer materials, which are composed of polymers and various conductive substances through a certain composite method. This article aims to study the application of polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive material in clothing design. Starting from the structural characteristics of the polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive material, this article uses case analysis to study deeply the suitable polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive material. This article can effectively use the innovative application method of its appearance style, so as to realize its application in clothing design. Starting from the functional properties of the polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive material, the specific application of the polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive material in different clothing designs is analyzed. Combining the postmodernist clothing style characteristics, aesthetic habits, and the characteristics of polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive materials, this paper studies the innovative style design of polypyrrole cellulose nanocrystalline composite conductive materials. The experimental results in this paper show that when the reaction time is 2 min, the reaction rate at this time is zero, indicating that this time is in the initial stage of the reaction. After 4 minutes, as the reaction time increases, the reaction rate shows an increasing trend; when the reaction time is longer than 10 minutes, the reaction rate increases slowly and has a downward trend, which indicates the end of the reaction. The highest average reaction rate is about 7.5 mg/min.
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Barkane, Anda, Edgars Kampe, Oskars Platnieks, and Sergejs Gaidukovs. "Cellulose Nanocrystals vs. Cellulose Nanofibers: A Comparative Study of Reinforcing Effects in UV-Cured Vegetable Oil Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071791.

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There is an opportunity to use nanocellulose as an efficient renewable reinforcing filler for polymer composites. There have been many investigations to prove the reinforcement concept of different nanocellulose sources for thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. The present comparative study highlighted the beneficial effects of selecting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) on the exploitation properties of vegetable oil-based thermoset composite materials—thermal, thermomechanical, and structural characteristics. The proposed UV-light-curable resin consists of an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil polymer matrix and two different nanocellulose reinforcements. High loadings of up to 30 wt% of CNFs and CNCs in irradiation-cured vegetable oil-based thermoset composites were reported. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated developed hydrogen-bonding interactions between the nanocellulose and polymer matrix. CNCs yielded a homogeneous nanocrystal dispersion, while CNFs revealed a nanofiber agglomeration in the polymer matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal degradation showed that nanocellulose reduced the maximum degradation temperature by 5 °C for the 30 wt% CNC and CNF nanocomposites. Above the glass transition temperature at 80 °C, the storage modulus values increased 6-fold and 2-fold for the 30 wt% CNC and CNF nanocomposites, respectively. In addition, the achieved reinforcement efficiency factor r value for CNCs was 8.7, which was significantly higher than that of CNFs of 2.2. The obtained nanocomposites with enhanced properties show great potential for applications such as UV-light-processed coatings, adhesives, and additive manufacturing inks.
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Wijaya, Christian J., Felycia E. Soetaredjo, Suryadi Ismadji, and Setiyo Gunawan. "Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals/HKUST-1 Composites and Their Applications: Crystal Violet Removal and Doxorubicin Loading." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224991.

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This study developed a novel composite material containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and HKUST-1. Here, the addition of CNCs was used to enhance the characteristics of HKUST-1 in terms of surface area, adsorption ability, and functional groups. Here, the fabrication of CNCs@HKUST-1 composites was carried out by adding CNCs into the fabrication process of HKUST-1. The addition of CNCs provides additional functional groups on the surface of composite material which can be used to attach other organic compounds, such as in waste management and drug delivery systems. Here, CNCs@HKUST-1 composites were tested as a material for crystal violet (CV) removal and doxorubicin (DOX) loading. The removal capacity of CNCs@HKUST-1 composite towards CV molecules reached 1182.25 ± 27.74 mg/g, while the loading capacity for DOX drugs was around 1514.94 ± 11.67 mg/g. Both applications showed that CNCs@HKUST-1 composite had higher adsorption capacity and ability compared to its precursor materials, i.e., CNCs and HKUST-1.
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Yu, Hongquan, Hongwei Song, Guohui Pan, Libo Fan, Suwen Li, Xue Bai, Shaozhe Lu, and Haifeng Zhao. "Preparation and Luminescent Properties of Polymer Fibers Containing Y2O3:Eu Nanoparticles by Electrospinning." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 6017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.480.

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In this paper, composite fibers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Y2O3:Eu3+ nanocrytals were prepared by electrospinning and characterized by electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composite fibers are in random orientation and with average diameter of ∼300 nm and length up to several ten micrometers. The luminescent properties were investigated and compared with the pure Y2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals. Due to certain weak interactions between nanocrystals and PVP matrix, charge transfer band in the excitation spectra show slightly red shift for the fibers relative to in the case of pure Y2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals. The PVP polymer may modified the surface defect states of nanocrystals, yielding decreased intensity ratio of 5D0–7F2 to 5D0–7F1 transition in the emission spectra. The fluorescence lifetimes of 5D0 level for Eu3+ in the composite fibers and Y2O3:Eu3+ nanocrystals were respectively determined to be 1.40 and 1.74 ms. The decreased fluorescence lifetime in the composite fibers was attributed to increased radiative transition rate, as result of the influence of refractive index of the surrounding PVP media instead of air.
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Rasheed, Masrat, Mohammad Jawaid, and Bisma Parveez. "Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071076.

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The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.
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Thompson, Lachlan, Jalal Azadmanjiri, Mostafa Nikzad, Igor Sbarski, James Wang, and Aimin Yu. "Cellulose Nanocrystals: Production, Functionalization and Advanced Applications." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 58, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0001.

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Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from green and renewable sources. Due to the abundant hydroxyl functional groups, the surface of CNC materials are ready to be tuned and functionalized via chemical reactions allowing for many different applications, such as being a reinforcing agent to be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix. In this review paper,we firstly introduce the general methods for producing CNC from different sources. Different strategies used for surface modification ofCNCare then discussed. Finally, the recent progress on the applications of CNC and CNC composite materials are described in detail.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

1

Way, Amanda E. "Stimuli-Responsive Nanofiber Composite Materials: From Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals to Guanosine Hydrogels." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1390388160.

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Cozzarini, Luca. "Nanomaterials based on II-VI Semiconductors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/7359.

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2010/2011
This thesis describes: (i) synthesis and characterization of colloidal nanocrystals of II-VI semiconductor compounds; (II) development of two novel materials using such nanocrystals as “building blocks”: (IIa) a nanocrystals/polymer composite, to be used as phosphor in LED-based lighting devices; (IIb) an inorganic, nano-structured multiphase material, showing a promising geometry as an electronic intermediate band material. Different typologies of nanocrystals (single-phase, alloyed or core-shells) were successfully synthesized using air-stable, safe reagents. Their optical properties (absorption spectrum, fluorescence wavelength and fluorescence quantum yield) were mapped as function of different parameters. Good results in engineering optical properties were achieved by: (a) changing size and/or composition in single-phase nanocrystals; (b) tuning shell composition and thickness and/or mutually diffusing one material into the other in multi-phase nanocrystals. The influence of different surface ligands on optical properties and on solubility in different media was also studied. Nanocrystal/polymer composite lenses were obtained from nanocrystals with desired fluorescence wavelength and quantum yield, mixed in an appropriate solvent with polymer pellets. The mixture was drop casted or tape casted on a solid substrate, obtaining solid, transparent lenses after solvent evaporation. A nano-structured, all-inorganic material (composed of semiconducor nanocrystals embedded into a wider bandgap semiconductor) was obtained through self-assembly and densification of colloidal core-shells nanocrystals. The realization of this composite supracrystal was achieved via a multi-step process: (i) colloidal synthesis of core-shell nanocrystals; (ii) surface ligands exchange; (iii) assembly; (iv) heat treatment. Evolution of the optical properties during heat treatment suggests that it is possible to sinter the shell material without altering the internal nano-heterostructure, if temperature and time of the treatment are controlled properly.
In questa tesi sono descritti: (I) la sintesi colloidale e la caratterizzazione di nanocristalli di semiconduttori II-VI; (II) lo sviluppo, utilizzando i suddetti nanocristalli quali “unità da costruzione”, di due materiali innovativi: (IIa) un composito nanocristalli/polimero, da usare come fosforo in dispositivi per illuminazione basati su LED; (IIb) un materiale inorganico nano-strutturato multifase, con una geometria promettente quale materiale a banda elettronica intermedia. Differenti semiconduttori II-VI sono stati sintetizzati in forma di nanocristalli (monofasici, in forma di lega o in struttura di tipo “core-shell”) usando reagenti sicuri e stabili in atmosfera. Le loro proprietà ottiche (spettro di assorbimento, lunghezza d’onda di fluorescenze e resa quantica di fluorescenza) sono state mappate in funzione di numerosi parametri. Sono stati raggiunti ottimi risultati nel controllo delle proprietà ottiche sia in nanocristalli a fase singola (modificandone le dimensioni o la composizione chimica) che in nanocristalli multifase (regolandone la composizione e lo spessore della “shell”, nonché mutualmente diffondendo un materiale nell’altro). È stata anche studiata l’influenza di differenti leganti superficiali sulle proprietà ottiche e sulla solubilità dei nanocristalli in differenti solventi. Lenti composite di nanocristalli/polimero sono state ottenute a partire da nanocristalli aventi la lunghezza d’onda e la resa quantica di fluorescenza desiderate, mescolandoli con pellet di polimero in solventi appropriati. La miscela è stata depositata su un supporto, tramite drop casting o tape casting, ottenendo lenti solide trasparenti dopo l’evaporazione del solvente. Un materiale inorganico nano strutturato (costituito da nanocristalli di semiconduttore racchiusi all’interno di un secondo materiale semiconduttore a bandgap maggiore) è stato ottenuto tramite l’autoassemblaggio e la densificazione di nanocristalli core-shell sintetizzati con procedure di chimica colloidale. La realizzazione di suddetto sovra-cristallo si è svolta in più fasi: (i) sintesi colloidale; (ii) sostituzione dei leganti superficiali; (iii) assemblaggio; (iv) trattamento termico. I risultati derivanti dallo studio dell’evoluzione delle proprietà ottiche durante il trattamento termico suggeriscono che sia possibile sinterizzare il materiale della shell senza alterare la nano-eterostruttura interna, se la temperatura e il tempo del trattamento sono scelti opportunamente.
XXIV Ciclo
1983
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Berkowitz, Kyle Matthew. "Characterization and Analysis of Shape Memory Polymer Composites With Cellulose Nanocrystal Fillers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396526722.

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Frost, Brody. "Polymer Composite Spinal Disc Implants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78783.

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The goal of this research study was to create an artificial annulus fibrosus similar to that of the natural intervertebral disc, as well as find preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection and nucleus pulposus internal pressure, for the correction of disc degeneration in the spine. The three-part composite samples needed to demonstrate good shock absorption and load distribution while maintaining strength and flexibility, and removing the need for metal in the body, something of which no current total disc replacement or spinal fusion surgery can offer. For this study, the spinal disc was separated into its three different components, the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates, each playing a vital role in the function of the disc. Two low-cost materials were selected, a Covestro polyurethane and cellulose nanocrystals, for the purpose of creating a polymer composite spinal disc implant. A methodology was established for creating the cast composite material for use as an annulus fibrosus, while also investigating its mechanical properties. The same composite material was used to acquire preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection to the synthesized annulus, however no additional material was used to determine or mimic the mechanical properties of these endplates, due to time constraints. Also because of time constraints, the nucleus used in this study was only comprised of water with no other additives for preliminary testing since the natural nucleus is comprised of about 80-90% water. These properties were then compared to the mechanical properties of the natural disc, so that they could be finely tuned to emulate the natural disc. It is shown in this study that the composite material, when swelled in water, was able to mimic the annulus fibrosus in tensile strength and modulus, however showed higher compressive strength and modulus than ideal. The samples also did not undergo any permanent deformation within the realm of force actually introduced to the natural disc. The vertebral endplates showed decent adhesion to the synthesized annulus, however there were slight defects that became failure concentrators during compression testing. The nucleus showed promising results maintaining good internal pressure to the system causing better compressive load distribution, with barreling of the samples.
Master of Science
Spinal disc degeneration is a very prevalent problem in today’s society, effecting anywhere from 12% to 35% of a given population. It usually occurs in the lumbar section of the spine, and when severe enough, can cause bulging and herniation of the intervertebral disc itself. This can cause immense lower back pain in individual’s stricken with this disease, and in the US, medical costs associated with lower back pain to exceed $100 billion. Current solutions to this problem include multiple different treatment options of which, spinal fusion surgery and total disc replacement (TDR) are among the most common. Although these treatments cause pain relief for the majority of patients, there are multiple challenges that come with these options. For example, spinal fusion surgery severely limits the mobility of its patients by fusing two vertebrae together, disallowing any individual movement, and TDR can cause hypermobility in among the vertebrae and offer little to no shock absorption of loads. Therefore, a better treatment option is needed to relieve the pain of the patients, as well as maintain equal motion, shock absorption, and load cushioning to that of the normal intervertebral disc and remaining biocompatible. The goal of this research study was to create a three-component system, like that of the natural intervertebral disc, for the use of spinal disc replacement and to replace current options. The fabricated system was comprised of the three components found in the natural intervertebral disc; the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates. Because the system will need to go in-body, the materials used were all characterized as biocompatible materials; the polyurethane currently being used in medical devices and implants, and the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) coming from natural cellulose in sources such as wood and plants. The results determined that the mechanical properties of the system can be fine-tuned in order to mimic the natural strength and cushioning capabilities of the natural disc, based on CNC content added to the polyurethane, and when all three components of the system are added together, the compressive stress-strain is most similar to the natural disc in compression. However, the system did show failure in the connection between the annulus fibrosus and vertebral endplates, causing herniation of the nucleus similar to the initial problem attempting to be solved. For this, more ideal fabrication methods should be researched in the future including 3D printing techniques, injection molding, and roll milling. As well as alternate fabrication techniques, cell grow and viability should be determined to show that cells don’t die once the system in implanted.
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Frost, Brody A. "Polymer Composite Spinal Disc Implants." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78783.

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The goal of this research study was to create an artificial annulus fibrosus similar to that of the natural intervertebral disc, as well as find preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection and nucleus pulposus internal pressure, for the correction of disc degeneration in the spine. The three-part composite samples needed to demonstrate good shock absorption and load distribution while maintaining strength and flexibility, and removing the need for metal in the body, something of which no current total disc replacement or spinal fusion surgery can offer. For this study, the spinal disc was separated into its three different components, the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates, each playing a vital role in the function of the disc. Two low-cost materials were selected, a Covestro polyurethane and cellulose nanocrystals, for the purpose of creating a polymer composite spinal disc implant. A methodology was established for creating the cast composite material for use as an annulus fibrosus, while also investigating its mechanical properties. The same composite material was used to acquire preliminary results for vertebral endplate connection to the synthesized annulus, however no additional material was used to determine or mimic the mechanical properties of these endplates, due to time constraints. Also because of time constraints, the nucleus used in this study was only comprised of water with no other additives for preliminary testing since the natural nucleus is comprised of about 80-90% water. These properties were then compared to the mechanical properties of the natural disc, so that they could be finely tuned to emulate the natural disc. It is shown in this study that the composite material, when swelled in water, was able to mimic the annulus fibrosus in tensile strength and modulus, however showed higher compressive strength and modulus than ideal. The samples also did not undergo any permanent deformation within the realm of force actually introduced to the natural disc. The vertebral endplates showed decent adhesion to the synthesized annulus, however there were slight defects that became failure concentrators during compression testing. The nucleus showed promising results maintaining good internal pressure to the system causing better compressive load distribution, with barreling of the samples.
Master of Science
Spinal disc degeneration is a very prevalent problem in today’s society, effecting anywhere from 12% to 35% of a given population. It usually occurs in the lumbar section of the spine, and when severe enough, can cause bulging and herniation of the intervertebral disc itself. This can cause immense lower back pain in individual’s stricken with this disease, and in the US, medical costs associated with lower back pain to exceed $100 billion. Current solutions to this problem include multiple different treatment options of which, spinal fusion surgery and total disc replacement (TDR) are among the most common. Although these treatments cause pain relief for the majority of patients, there are multiple challenges that come with these options. For example, spinal fusion surgery severely limits the mobility of its patients by fusing two vertebrae together, disallowing any individual movement, and TDR can cause hypermobility in among the vertebrae and offer little to no shock absorption of loads. Therefore, a better treatment option is needed to relieve the pain of the patients, as well as maintain equal motion, shock absorption, and load cushioning to that of the normal intervertebral disc and remaining biocompatible. The goal of this research study was to create a three-component system, like that of the natural intervertebral disc, for the use of spinal disc replacement and to replace current options. The fabricated system was comprised of the three components found in the natural intervertebral disc; the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus, and the vertebral endplates. Because the system will need to go in-body, the materials used were all characterized as biocompatible materials; the polyurethane currently being used in medical devices and implants, and the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) coming from natural cellulose in sources such as wood and plants. The results determined that the mechanical properties of the system can be fine-tuned in order to mimic the natural strength and cushioning capabilities of the natural disc, based on CNC content added to the polyurethane, and when all three components of the system are added together, the compressive stress-strain is most similar to the natural disc in compression. However, the system did show failure in the connection between the annulus fibrosus and vertebral endplates, causing herniation of the nucleus similar to the initial problem attempting to be solved. For this, more ideal fabrication methods should be researched in the future including 3D printing techniques, injection molding, and roll milling. As well as alternate fabrication techniques, cell grow and viability should be determined to show that cells don’t die once the system in implanted.
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Lee, Sang Jin. "Active, polymer-based composite material implementing simple shear." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2349.

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7

Jack, David Abram. "Advanced analysis of short-fiber polymer composite material behavior." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4363.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 2, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lanz, Herrera Ruben Waldemar. "Machinability of a particulate-filled polymer composite material for rapid tooling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16727.

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Soroudi, Azadeh. "Melt Spun Electro-Conductive Polymer Composite Fibers." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3590.

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One interesting approach is the development of conductive polymer composite fibers for innovative textile applications such as in sensors, actuators and electrostatic discharge. In this study, conductive polymer composite fibers were prepared using several different blends containing conductive components: a conjugated polymer (polyaniline-complex) and/or carbon nanotubes. Different factors such as processing parameters, the morphology of the initial blends and the final fibers, fiber draw ratio and material selection were studied separately to characterize their effects on the fiber properties. In binary blends of PP/polyaniline-complex, the processing conditions, the matrix viscosity and the fiber draw ratio had substantial effects on the electrical conductivity of the fibers and linearity of resistance-voltage dependence. These factors were associated with each other to create conductive pathways through maintaining an appropriate balance of fibril formation and breakage along the fiber. The blend morphology was defined as the initial size of the dispersed conductive phase (polyaniline-phase), which depended on the melt blending conditions as well as the PP matrix viscosity. Depending on the initial droplet phase size, an optimum draw ratio was necessary to obtain maximum conductivity by promoting fibril formation (sufficient stress) and preventing fibril breakage (no excess stress) to create continuous pathways of conductive phase. Ternary blend fibers of PP/PA6/polyaniline-complex illustrated at least three-phase morphology with matrix/core-shell dispersed phase style. When ternary fibers were compared to binary fibers, the former could combine better mechanical and electrical properties only at a specific draw ratio; this showed that draw ratio was a more determinant factor for the ternary fibers, as both conductivity and tensile strength depended on the formation of fibrils from the core-shell droplets of the PA6/polyaniline-complex through the polypropylene matrix. The achieved maximum conductivity so far was in the range of 10 S/cm to 10 S/cm, which for different samples were observed at different fiber draw ratios depending on the mixing conditions, the matrix viscosity or whether the fiber was a binary or ternary blend. To improve the properties, PP/polyaniline-complex blends were filled with CNTs. The CNTs and the polyaniline-complex both had an increasing effect on the crystallization temperature and the thermal stability of PP. Furthermore, the maximum conductivity was observed in samples containing both CNTs and polyaniline-complex rather than the PP with either one of the fillers. Although increasing the content of CNTs improved the conductivity in PP/CNT fibers, the ease of melt spinning, diameter uniformity and mechanical properties of fibers were adversely affected. Diameter variation of PP/CNT as-spun fibers was shown to be an indication of hidden melt-drawings that had occurred during the fiber extrusion; this could lead to variations in morphology such as increases in the insulating microcracks and the distance between the conductive agglomerates in the drawn parts of the fiber. Variations in morphology result in variations in the electrical conductivity; consequently, the conductivity of such inhomogeneous fiber is no longer its physical property, as this varies with varying size.
Thesis to be defended in public on Friday, May 20, 2011 at 10.00 at KC-salen, Kemigården 4, Göteborg, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Salama, Adel. "Laser machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/laser-machining-of-carbon-fibre-reinforced-polymer-composite(7310ed95-b876-480b-a8b4-2033b4309cb6).html.

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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have found a wide range of applications in the aerospace, marine, sports and automotive industries owing to their lightweight and acceptable mechanical properties compared to the commonly used metallic materials. The currently dominating method of machining CFRP is by mechanical means that has found many problems including extensive tool wear, fibre pull-out and delamination. Lasers as non-contact tools have been widely applied for cutting and drilling materials. However, machining of CFRP composites using lasers can be challenging due to inhomogeneity in the material properties and structures, which can lead to thermal damage such as charring, heat affected zones (HAZs), resin recession and delamination. In previous studies, Nd:YAG, diode pumped solid state (DPSS), CO2 (continuous wave), disk and fibre lasers were used in machining CFRP composites and the control of damage such as the size of heat affected zones (HAZ) and achieving comparable material removal rate with the mechanical processes remain a challenge. Most reported work showed a typical heat affected zone of 0.2-1.2 mm. The availability of short pulsed transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO2 lasers and ultra-short laser pulse sources such as picosecond lasers make it possible to improve the laser machining quality of CFRP materials. In this research, the machining of CFRP composites using a microsecond pulsed TEA CO2 laser, a state of the art high power picosecond laser and a 1 kW single mode fibre laser system was investigated. The yielded heat affected zone was less than < 25 µm for the TEA CO2 and the picosecond laser machining, although the material removal rate was low. Additionally, it has been shown that the pulsed fibre laser improved the machining quality compared to that with the continuous mode. A potential application of the fibre laser for composite repair and remanufacturing was investigated. The interactions between picosecond laser beam and CFRP composite were studied in more detail including understanding the self-limiting effect in single and multiple parallel tracks drilling/machining through both experimental and theoretical studies. Furthermore, a sequential laser and mechanical drilling of CFRP was investigated to improve the machining rate. The work performed in this PhD was driven by aerospace industry needs, with the collaboration of Rolls-Royce plc and BAE Systems as industrial partners.
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Books on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

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author, Gupta A. C., ed. Polymer composites. London: New Academic Science, 2019.

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Valerii, Cheshkov, and Natova Margarita, eds. Polymer composite materials: Interface phenomena & processes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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McManus, Hugh L. Stress and damage in polymer matrix composite materials due to material degradation at high temperatures. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1996.

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Graphite, graphene, and their polymer nanocomposites. New York: CRC Press, 2013.

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R, Ebdon J., and Eastmond Geoffrey C, eds. New methods of polymer synthesis. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1995.

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Jang-Kyo, Kim, ed. Carbon nanotubes for polymer reinforcement. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2011.

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Vilgis, T. A. Reinforcement of polymer nano-composites. Cambridge: Cambride University Press, 2009.

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1962-, Ye L., ed. Fusion bonding of polymer composites: [from basic mechanisms to process optimisation]. London: Springer, 2002.

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Materials science of polymers: Plastics, rubber, blends, and composites. Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

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High-performance polymers for engineering-based composites. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

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Striccoli, M., M. L. Curri, and R. Comparelli. "Nanocrystal-Based Polymer Composites as Novel Functional Materials." In Toward Functional Nanomaterials, 173–92. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77717-7_4.

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Pakzad, Anahita, and Reza S. Yassar. "Mechanics of Cellulose Nanocrystals and their Polymer Composites." In New Frontiers of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials, 233–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8611_2010_38.

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Dunlop, Matthew J., Bishnu Acharya, and Rabin Bissessur. "Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Composites." In Biocomposite Materials, 77–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4091-6_4.

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George, Benu, Nidhi Lal, and T. V. Suchithra. "Nanocellulose as Polymer Composite Reinforcement Material." In Plant Nanobionics, 409–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16379-2_14.

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Kireitseu, M. V., and L. V. Bochkareva. "Metal-Polymer-Ceramic Nano/Composite Material." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures, 35–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_16.

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Yao, Jialiang, Zhigang Zhou, and Hongzhuan Zhou. "Polymer Matrix Composites." In Highway Engineering Composite Material and Its Application, 113–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6068-8_5.

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Volkovskiy, A. A., and V. F. Makarov. "The Study of Grinding Polymer Composite Material." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 548–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85230-6_65.

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Sun, Xiao Gang, and Chao Ying Xie. "Damping Characteristics of a NiMnGa/Polymer Composite Material." In Materials Science Forum, 697–99. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-462-6.697.

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Archana, D., Pradip Kumar Dutta, and Joydeep Dutta. "Chitosan: A Potential Therapeutic Dressing Material for Wound Healing." In Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials, 193–227. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_8.

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Klyuchnikova, N. V., M. A. Klepikova, L. V. Denisova, and D. S. Matvienko. "Special-Purpose Polymer Composite Material Based on Thermoplastic Polymer and Modified Aerosil." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 182–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68984-1_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

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Illera, Danny, Victor Fontalvo, and Humberto Gomez. "Cellulose Nanocrystals Assisted Preparation of Electrochemical Energy Storage Electrodes." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71495.

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Renewable energy sources demands sustainable energy storage technologies through the incorporation of low-cost and environment-friendly materials. In this regard, cellulose nanocrystals (CN), which are needle-shaped nanostructure derived from cellulose-rich resources, are extracted by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of biomass and used as both template and binder for the construction of electrochemical capacitors electrodes. A composite material is synthetized comprising CN and a conjugated electroactive polymer (CEP) to overcome the electrical insulating properties of cellulose as well as to exploit enhanced electrochemical activity by increased electrode surface-area. A one-step in-situ film synthesis protocol is evaluated by performing simultaneous polymerization and film deposition. The effect of proportion of starting components are evaluated through statistical Response Surface Methodology towards optimizing the electrochemical performance. Depending on the mass proportion of the starting components, a conducting network could be created by surface coating of the CEP on the whiskers during polymerization. Electrochemical measurements suggest an increase in specific surface area by at least a factor of two relative to bare CEP as a consequence of the template role of cellulose. Therefore, adjustment of the proposed one-step synthesis parameters allows tuning the material properties to meet specific application requirements regarding electrochemical performance.
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Safin, R., and R. Fahrutdinov. "WOOD-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL." In Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_197-201.

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The PDM Department has developed a layered wood-polymer composite material (DPCM) containing surface layers based on thermomodified wood and a thermoplastic polymer as a filler, and an inner layer of polyurethane foam and wood particles as a binding matrix. The technology of production of the developed material is proposed. The purpose of the work is to create a layered wood-polymer thermal insulation material and technology for its production. The task is to develop a technology for obtaining a wood-polymer thermal insulation material with improved operational properties, high thermophysical indicators and low market value. To date, a layered DPCM has been obtained in laboratory conditions and studies of its operational characteristics have been carried out.
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Fortunati, E., and L. Torre. "Cellulose nanocrystals in nanocomposite approach: Green and high-performance materials for industrial, biomedical and agricultural applications." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949586.

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Yang, Yi, Jinman Huang, Shanhua Xue, Yuguang Ma, Shiyong Liu, and Jiachong Shen. "Electroluminescence from doped ZnS nanocrystals/polymer composite systems." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.279337.

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Shevchenko, Vitaliy G., Anatoliy T. Ponomarenko, and Carl Klason. "Strain-sensitive polymer composite material." In 1994 North American Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.174082.

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Shao, Wenyao, and Mengwen Yan. "Solvothermal synthesis of cobalt oxides nanocrystals." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCMME 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983602.

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Zhang, Duan Z. "Shock Dispersion in Composite Material with Polymer Binder." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780424.

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Pei, Y. C., Q. Zhao, Z. G. Ma, and W. H. Liu. "Seismic Physical Modeling Material Based on Polymer Composite." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141638.

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Town, Graham E., Sajad Ghatreh-Samani, Stefan Busch, and Martin Koch. "THz diffuser using an air-polymer composite material." In 2013 38th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2013.6665697.

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Zinnatullina, Alsu, Rezida Rakhmatullina, and Natalya Kiseleva. "Study of mechanical feature as polymer composite material." In International Scientific and Practical Symposium "Materials Science and Technology" (MST2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100066.

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Reports on the topic "Polymer/nanocrystals composite material"

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Kennedy, Alan, Andrew McQueen, Mark Ballentine, Brianna Fernando, Lauren May, Jonna Boyda, Christopher Williams, and Michael Bortner. Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43980.

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The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).
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