Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer Metal Composite'
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Übelacker, David, Johannes Hohmann, and Peter Groche. "Force Requirements in Shear Cutting of Metal-Polymer-Metal Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.137.
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New approaches in lightweight design require the use of multi materials like metalpolymermetal composites. Composite materials, especially so-called sandwich panels, offer the possibility to combine properties of different materials synergistically. Shear cutting is one of the commonly used manufacturing processes. However, conventional shear cutting of sandwich panels leads to characteristic types of failure, such as high bending of the facings, delamination effects, burr formation and an undefined cracking of the core material. In the present research, the cutting force requirement and the failure progress for lubricant free shear cutting of metal-polymer-metal composites is studied. Two thermoplastic polymers, an aluminum sheet and an unalloyed steel sheet are combined in order to create different composite materials. Furthermore, the composite materials are cut stepwise to examine the different stages of a cutting process in detail.
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Huang, Liangsong, Yu Hu, Yun Zhao, and Yuxia Li. "Modeling and Control of IPMC Actuators Based on LSSVM-NARX Paradigm." Mathematics 7, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7080741.
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Ionic polymer-metal composites are electrically driven intelligent composites that are readily exposed to bending deformations in the presence of external electric fields. Owing to their advantages, ionicpolymer-metal composites are promising candidates for actuators. However, ionicpolymer-metal composites exhibit strong nonlinear properties, especially hysteresis characteristics, resulting in severely reduced control accuracy. This study proposes an ionic polymer-metal composite platform and investigates its modeling and control. First, the hysteresis characteristics of the proposed Pt-electrode ionic polymer-metal composite are tested. Based on the hysteresis characteristics, ionic polymer-metal composites are modeled using the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model and the least squares support vector machine-nonlinear autoregressive model, respectively. Then, the ionic polymer-metal composite is driven by a random sinusoidal voltage, and the LSSVM-NARX model is established on the basis of the displacement data obtained. In addition, an artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for accuracy optimization of the model parameters. Finally, an inverse controller based on the least squares support vector machine-nonlinear autoregressive model is proposed to compensate the hysteresis characteristics of the ionic polymer-metal composite. A hybrid PID feedback controller is developed by combining the inverse controller with PID feedback control, followed by simulation and testing of its actual position control on the ionic polymer-metal composite platform. The results show that the hybrid PID feedback control system can effectively eliminate the effects of the hysteresis characteristics on ionic polymer-metal composite control.
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Annabestani, Mohsen, Nadia Naghavi, and Mohammad Maymandi-Nejad. "From modeling to implementation of a method for restraining back relaxation in ionic polymer–metal composite soft actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 15 (July 24, 2018): 3124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18783082.
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Ionic polymer–metal composites are an emerging kind of electroactive polymer actuators, which can bend in response to a relatively low driving voltage. However, to enhance the actuation performance of ionic polymer–metal composites, some of their drawbacks should be considered. One of the most important drawbacks is “back relaxation.” The so-called back relaxation effect means, when a step input voltage is applied to the ionic polymer–metal composite, the conventional bending displacement toward the anode is followed by an unwanted and slow back relaxation toward the cathode. Control-based methods for restraining the ionic polymer–metal composite back relaxation effect are feedback-based schemes which apply significant constraints to dominant applications of ionic polymer–metal composite actuators especially in biomedical applications. In this article, we present an entirely scientific-based mathematical modeling to achieve a practical method for restraining the back relaxation effect in Nafion-based ionic polymer–metal composites, relying on creating a specific pattern on Pt layers of the ionic polymer–metal composites and applying a local Gaussian disturbance to this patterned ionic polymer–metal composites.
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Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, and P. R. Yaashikaa. "Ionic Polymer Metal Composites." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.64.
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Electroactive polymers, or EAPs, are polymers that show an adjustment fit as a fiddle when invigorated by an electric field. Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are electro-dynamic polymers with great electromechanical coupling properties. They are proficient applicants in many progressed innovative applications, for example, actuators, artificial muscles, biomimetic sensors, and so forth. Type of membrane and electrodes determines the morphology and structure of IPMCs. IPMCs can be prepared using physical loading, chemical deposition and electroplating methods. The assembling of anodes for IPMCs is exceptionally basic in their electromechanical coupling. Optimization of force, determination of cations and molecule size dispersal inside the IPMC structure, and so on are the different components, which decides their proficiency. An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) comprising of a thin Nafion sheet, platinum plated on the two side faces, experiences extensive twisting movement when an electric field is connected over its thickness. Then again, a voltage is created over its appearances when it is all of a sudden bends. IPMCs are best known for their proving advantages such as biocompactible, low activating voltage and more power efficiency
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Tahir, Furqan, Abdelnasser Mabrouk, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, Igor Krupa, Tomas Sedlacek, Ahmed Abdala, and Muammer Koc. "Sustainability Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Thermally Enhanced Polymer Tube for Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) Technology." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050681.
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Metal-alloys tubes are used in the falling-film evaporator of the multi-effect distillation (MED) that is the dominant and efficient thermal seawater desalination process. However, the harsh seawater environment (high salinity and high temperature) causes scale precipitation and corrosion of MED evaporators’ metal tubes, presenting a serious technical challenge to the process. Therefore, the metal/metal alloys used as the material of the MED evaporators’ tubes are expensive and require high energy and costly tube fabrication process. On the other hand, polymers are low-cost, easy to fabricate into tubes, and highly corrosion-resistant, but have low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, thermally conductive fillers can enhance the thermal conductivity of polymers. In this article, we carried out a feasibility-study-based techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis, as well as a life-cycle assessment (LCA), of a conventional MED desalination plant that uses titanium tubes and a plant that used thermally enhanced polymer composites (i.e., polyethylene (PE)-expanded graphite (EG) composite) as the tubes’ material. Two different polymer composites containing 30% and 40% filler (expanded graphite/graphene) are considered. Our results indicate that the MED plant based on polymer composite tubes has favored economic and carbon emission metrics with the potential to reduce the cost of the MED evaporator (shell and tubes) by 40% below the cost of the titanium evaporator. Moreover, the equivalent carbon emissions associated with the composite polymer tubes’ evaporator is 35% lower than titanium tubes. On the other hand, the ozone depletion, acidification, and fossil fuel depletion for the polymer composite tubes are comparable with that of the titanium tubes. The recycling of thermally enhanced polymers is not considered in this LCA analysis; however, after the end of life, reusing the polymer material into other products would lower the overall environmental impacts. Moreover, the polymer composite tubes can be produced locally, which will not only reduce the environmental impacts due to transportation but also create jobs for local manufacturing.
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Guo, Xiaomin, Bin Zheng, and Jinlei Wang. "Controllable Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework/Polyethersulfone Composites." Crystals 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010039.
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Composite materials that contain metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a filler and a polymer matrix have attracted attention because they present a combination of high porosity and structural integrity. Phase compatibilities of the MOF and polymer play a vital role in the formation of the composites. In particular, the stiff polymer cannot easily adapt to penetrate into the surface pore of MOF and mainly depends on chemical attractions to form the MOF/polymer composites. We report the synthesis of MOF/polyethersulfone (Young’s modulus = ~2.6 GPa) via different fabrication methods, different MOF types and particle sizes, and different solvents. The formed network structures are robust, monolithic composites with 60% MOF loadings; also, the MOF surface area and porosity were fully preserved. The study explored the formation of the composite between MOF and a stiff polymer and encourages the design of more MOF/polymer composite materials across a wide range of applications.
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Wang, P. H., and Cai-Yuan Pan. "Polymer metal composite microspheres." European Polymer Journal 36, no. 10 (October 2000): 2297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00069-0.
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Singh, Reeti, Ján Kondás, and Christian Bauer. "Connecting Polymers and Metals Using Cold Gas Spray." AM&P Technical Articles 176, no. 8 (November 1, 2018): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2018-08.p038.
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Abstract Coating development using cold gas spray technology demonstrates the feasibility of bonding polymers to metal substrates and metals to polymer composite substrates with good adhesion. The examples addressed are polyetheretherketone (PEEK) coatings on steel and aluminum substrates and metallic coatings on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites.
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Tran, Vinh Van, Truong Thi Vu Nu, Hong-Ryun Jung, and Mincheol Chang. "Advanced Photocatalysts Based on Conducting Polymer/Metal Oxide Composites for Environmental Applications." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183031.
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Photocatalysts provide a sustainable method of treating organic pollutants in wastewater and converting greenhouse gases. Many studies have been published on this topic in recent years, which signifies the great interest and attention that this topic inspires in the community, as well as in scientists. Composite photocatalysts based on conducting polymers and metal oxides have emerged as novel and promising photoactive materials. It has been demonstrated that conducting polymers can substantially improve the photocatalytic efficiency of metal oxides owing to their superior photocatalytic activities, high conductivities, and unique electrochemical and optical properties. Consequently, conducting polymer/metal oxide composites exhibit a high photoresponse and possess a higher surface area allowing for visible light absorption, low recombination of charge carriers, and high photocatalytic performance. Herein, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of conducting polymer/metal oxide composite photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation and CO2 conversion through photocatalytic processes.
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Augustyn, Piotr, Piotr Rytlewski, Krzysztof Moraczewski, and Adam Mazurkiewicz. "A review on the direct electroplating of polymeric materials." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 27 (June 24, 2021): 14881–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06246-w.
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AbstractThis work is a review of the literature on the possibilities for electroplating of polymer materials. Methods of metalizing polymers and their composites were presented and discussed. Information from various publications on the electrical properties of polymers and polymer composites was collected and discussed. The most important results on the electroplating of conductive polymers and conductive composites were presented and compared. This work especially focuses on the electrical conductivity of polymer materials. The main focus was the efficiency of metal electrodeposition. Based on the analyzed publications, it was found that electrically deposited metal layers on conductive polymeric materials show discontinuity, considerable roughness, and different layer thickness depending on the distance from the contact electrode. The use of metal nanoparticles (AgNWs) or nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) as a filler enables effective metallization of the polymer composite. Due to the high aspect ratio, it is possible to lower the percolation threshold with a low filler content in the polymer matrix. The presented review reveals many of the problems associated with the effectiveness of the electroplating methods. It indicates the need and direction for further research and development in the field of electroplating of polymer materials and modification of their electrical properties.
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Kulikova, Mayya V., Albert B. Kulikov, Alexey E. Kuz’min, and Anton L. Maximov. "Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1114.
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AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.
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Bernat, Jakub, and Jakub Kolota. "Integral multiple models online identifier applied to ionic polymer–metal composite actuator." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 14 (June 18, 2018): 2863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781027.
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Ionic polymer–metal composites are classified as a smart materials group, whose properties can be designed depending on the needs that arise. Ionic polymer–metal composites belong to the class of wet electroactive polymers. They are promising candidates actuator for various potential applications mainly due to their flexible, low voltage requirements, compact design, and lack of moving parts. However, being a widely used material in industry, ionic polymer–metal composite requires complex control methods due to its strongly nonlinear nature. An important prerequisite for an intelligent controller is the ability to adapt rapidly to any unknown operating environment. This article presents a novel approach to tuning multiple models of an online identifier by integral mapping. Through the extension of the estimation law of additional mapping between parameters and measurable signals, we significantly improve transient responses without increasing feedback gain. The authors measured the moisture content of ionic polymer–metal composite and consider in the experiment relationship between drying and varying of curvature output. The effectiveness of the proposed multiple models adaptive control strategy was verified in various experiments. The results of the study illustrated in the experiments show that adding new mapping improves not only the transients of controlled plant, but also increases the performance indexes of adaptive system.
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Selyutina, Nina, and Yuri Petrov. "Structural-Temporal Peculiarities of Dynamic Deformation of Layered Materials." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124271.
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The temporal nature of static and dynamic deformation of fibre metal laminates is discussed here. The aim of the study is to verify the proposed innovate model using layered composites. The modified relaxation model is based on the earlier formulated plasticity relaxation model for homogeneous materials. The proposed relaxation model makes it possible to describe the deformation of the layered composites from elastic to irreversible deformation, finalised by the failure moment. The developed approach allows us to consider the effects of the transition from static to dynamic loading. This means that the model-calculated dynamic limiting characteristics of the metal and the strength of brittle materials will have a determining character, depending on the loading history. The verification of the model using a glass fibre reinforced aluminium composite, glass fibre reinforced titanium composite, carbon fibre reinforced aluminium composite, and Kevlar fibre reinforced aluminium composite with different thickness ratios between metal and polymer layers is given. It is shown that the theoretical deformation curves of the metal composites at the various strain rates, finalised by brittle fracture of the polymer layers or continued irreversible deformation of remaining unbroken metal layers with destroyed polymer (fibre/epoxy) layers, are predicted. Based on the same structural−temporal parameters for five (Ti/GFRP (0/90)/Ti/GFRP(90/0)/Ti) and three (Ti/GFRP(0/90/90/0)/Ti) layers glass fibre reinforced titanium composites and the polymer layers, one-stage and two-stage stress drops during the irreversible deformation of the composite under static and dynamic loading are simulated. The change of the multi-stage fracture of the composite from static to dynamic loading and the fracture characteristic times of the polymer (100 s and 15,400 s) and the metal (8.4 ms) are correlated. Continued plastic deformation of the composite after fracture of the polymer layers is related with different values of the characteristic relaxation times of the polymer (fibre/epoxy) and the metal layers.
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Al-Jumaili, Ahmed, Avishek Kumar, Kateryna Bazaka, and Mohan V. Jacob. "Electrically Insulating Plasma Polymer/ZnO Composite Films." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193099.
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In this report, the electrical properties of plasma polymer films functionalized with ZnO nanoparticles were investigated with respect to their potential applications in biomaterials and microelectronics fields. The nanocomposite films were produced using a single-step method that combines simultaneous plasma polymerization of renewable geranium essential oil with thermal decomposition of zinc acetylacetonate Zn(acac)2. The input power used for the deposition of composites were 10 W and 50 W, and the resulting composite structures were abbreviated as Zn/Ge 10 W and Zn/Ge 50 W, respectively. The electrical properties of pristine polymers and Zn/polymer composite films were studied in metal–insulator–metal structures. At a quantity of ZnO of around ~1%, it was found that ZnO had a small influence on the capacitance and dielectric constants of thus-fabricated films. The dielectric constant of films with smaller-sized nanoparticles exhibited the highest value, whereas, with the increase in ZnO particle size, the dielectric constant decreases. The conductivity of the composites was calculated to be in the in the range of 10−14–10−15 Ω−1 m−1, significantly greater than that for the pristine polymer, the latter estimated to be in the range of 10−16–10−17 Ω−1 m−1.
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Rajendran, Sundarakannan, Geetha Palani, Arunprasath Kanakaraj, Vigneshwaran Shanmugam, Szymon Gądek, Kinga Korniejenko, and Uthayakumar Marimuthu. "Metal and Polymer Based Composites Manufactured Using Additive Manufacturing—A Brief Review." Polymers 15, no. 11 (June 2, 2023): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112564.
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This review examines the mechanical performance of metal- and polymer-based composites fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Composite materials have significantly influenced various industries due to their exceptional reliability and effectiveness. As technology advances, new types of composite reinforcements, such as novel chemical-based and bio-based, and new fabrication techniques are utilized to develop high-performance composite materials. AM, a widely popular concept poised to shape the development of Industry 4.0, is also being utilized in the production of composite materials. Comparing AM-based manufacturing processes to traditional methods reveals significant variations in the performance of the resulting composites. The primary objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of metal- and polymer-based composites and their applications in diverse fields. Further on this review delves into the intricate details of metal- and polymer-based composites, shedding light on their mechanical performance and exploring the various industries and sectors where they find utility.
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Karthigan, Ganesan, Sujoy Mukherjee, and Ranjan Ganguli. "Electromechanical dynamics and optimization of pectoral fin–based ionic polymer–metal composite underwater propulsor." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 10 (May 6, 2012): 1069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12442010.
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Ionic polymer–metal composites are soft artificial muscle-like bending actuators, which can work efficiently in wet environments such as water. Therefore, there is significant motivation for research on the development and design analysis of ionic polymer–metal composite based biomimetic underwater propulsion systems. Among aquatic animals, fishes are efficient swimmers with advantages such as high maneuverability, high cruising speed, noiseless propulsion, and efficient stabilization. Fish swimming mechanisms provide biomimetic inspiration for underwater propulsor design. Fish locomotion can be broadly classified into body and/or caudal fin propulsion and median and/or paired pectoral fin propulsion. In this article, the paired pectoral fin–based oscillatory propulsion using ionic polymer–metal composite for aquatic propulsor applications is studied. Beam theory and the concept of hydrodynamic function are used to describe the interaction between the beam and water. Furthermore, a quasi-steady blade element model that accounts for unsteady phenomena such as added mass effects, dynamic stall, and the cumulative Wagner effect is used to obtain hydrodynamic performance of the ionic polymer–metal composite propulsor. Dynamic characteristics of ionic polymer–metal composite fin are analyzed using numerical simulations. It is shown that the use of optimization methods can lead to significant improvement in performance of the ionic polymer–metal composite fin.
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Lebedeva, O. V., and E. I. Sipkina. "Polymer composites and their properties." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-192-207.
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The review article summarizes the results of studies conducted in the field of polymer composites obtained by various methods. An important industrial activity is structured around the development of polymeric materials and composites based on them. Composite materials having a matrix comprised of a polymeric material (polymers, oligomers, copolymers) are highly numerous and diverse. They are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of vitreous, ceramic, electrically insulating coatings, as adsorbents in the treatment of wastewater from heavy metal ions, and in the production of ion-exchange membranes. Composite materials have unique properties such as a large surface area, thermal and mechanical stability, good selectivity against various contaminants, and cost-effectiveness. The review presents the physicochemical and structural characteristics of composite materials based on synthetic polymers (polymer-carbon, polymerclay composites), polymeric heterocyclic and organosilicon compounds. Used across a variety of applications, polymer-carbon and polymer-clay composites are effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants. However, when used as adsorbents for large-scale production, they have yet to achieve optimum performance. Hybrid materials obtained by the sol-gel method deserve special attention. This method can be conveniently used to influence the composition and structure of the surface layer of such materials as adsorbents of heavy and noble metals, catalysts, membranes and sensors for applications in biological antibiosis, ion exchange catalysis, etc. Such composites are characterized by their increased mechanical strength and thermal stability, as well as offering improved thermochemical, rheological, electrical and optical properties.
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ul Haq, Mazhar, and Zhao Gang. "Ionic polymer–metal composite applications." Emerging Materials Research 5, no. 1 (June 2016): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.15.00026.
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Meenach, Samantha A, Jared Burdick, Anurag Kunwar, and Joseph Wang. "Metal/Conducting-Polymer Composite Nanowires." Small 3, no. 2 (February 5, 2007): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200600362.
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Pan, Chengjun, Luhai Wang, Wenqiao Zhou, Lirong Cai, Dexun Xie, Zhongming Chen, and Lei Wang. "Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties Study of Bipyridine-Containing Polyfluorene Derivative/SWCNT Composites." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020278.
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Polymer/inorganic thermoelectric composites have witnessed rapid progress in recent years, but most of the studies have focused on the traditional conducting polymers. The limited structures of traditional conducting polymers restrain the development of organic thermoelectric composites. Herein, we report the preparation and thermoelectric properties of a series of composites films based on SWCNTs and bipyridine-containing polyfluorene derivatives. The value of the power factor around 12 μW m−1 K−2 was achieved for the composite F8bpy/SWCNTs with a mass ratio of 50/50, and the maximum value of 62.3 μW m−1 K−2 was obtained when the mass ratio reached 10/90. Moreover, taking advantage of the bipyridine unit could chelate various kinds of metal ions to form polymer complexes. The enhanced power factor of 87.3 μW m−1 K−2 was obtained for composite F8bpy-Ni/SWCNTs with a mass ratio of 50/50. Finally, the thermoelectric properties of the bipyridine-containing polyfluorene derivative/SWCNT composites were conveniently tuned by chelating with different metal ions.
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Wang, Xin-Tao, Yun-Long Chen, and Li Ma. "The manufacture and characterization of composite three-dimensional re-entrant auxetic cellular structures made from carbon fiber reinforced polymer." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 23 (March 14, 2018): 3265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318764021.
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In recent years, three-dimensional auxetic structures have attracted great interest. Generally, three-dimensional auxetic structures are of complicate geometries which make them difficult to fabricate, benefiting from the development of additive manufacturing technologies, many three-dimensional auxetic structures can be made from metals or polymers. However, to the authors' knowledge, the additive manufacturing technology of fiber reinforced polymer is not fully developed, and none three-dimensional auxetic structure made from fiber reinforced polymer has been reported before. To integrate the high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and light weight merits of high-performance fiber reinforced polymer composites into three-dimensional auxetic structures with unique properties, research on composite three-dimensional auxetic structures made from fiber reinforced polymer should be conducted. This paper presents the composite three-dimensional re-entrant auxetic structures made from carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates using an interlocking assembly method. The auxetic nature of the composite structure has been verified by experimental testing and finite element simulations. Based on the finite element models, the dependences of the Poisson's ratio and effective compression modulus of the composite auxetic three-dimensional re-entrant structure on the re-entrant angle have been studied and compared to metal three-dimensional re-entrant structure. A comparative study of the Poisson's ratio and specific stiffness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite auxetic structure with the three-dimensional printed polymer and metal auxetic structures in literature has also been conducted.
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Zhumagaliyeva, Sh N., R. S. Iminovа, G. Zh Kairalapova, B. M. Kudaybergenova, and Zh A. Abilov. "Sorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Composite Materials Based on Polycarboxylic Acids and Bentonite Clay." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1030.
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The paper shows the study results of sorption capacities of composite gels based on polyacrylic and polymethacrylic acids with bentonite clay as the mineral filler concerning heavy metal ions (Pb+2, Cu+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Fe+2, Cd+2). The binding of metal ions to gels occurs through the formation of electrostatic bonds between the charged surface of bentonite clay and ionogenic functional groups of polymers in the composition, as well as the coordination bonds between metal ions and unshared pairs of oxygen electrons in the functional groups of polymers. The gel swelling degree decreases in metal solutions with increasing metals concentration and the content of BC in the composite. The sorption and desorption of heavy metal ions from the polymer-clay composites from model solutions and samples of industrial wastewater from the Kazakhstani metallurgical plants were evaluated. The adjustment of the pH, the temperature of the medium and the clay content in the composite leads to increasing the degree of sorption and achieving regeneration of the used composite gels in certain media. The data obtained testify to the prospects of using these composites as effective sorbents of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters expanding the range of composite materials for wastewater treatment.
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Zirak, Nader, Mohammadali Shirinbayan, Michael Deligant, and Abbas Tcharkhtchi. "Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010097.
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Impellers are referred to as a core component of turbomachinery. The use of impellers in various applications is considered an integral part of the industry. So, increased performance and the optimization of impellers have been the center of attention of a lot of studies. In this regard, studies have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency of rotary machines through aerodynamic optimization, using high-performance materials and suitable manufacturing processes. As such, the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their lower weight when compared to metals has been the focus of studies. On the other hand, methods of the manufacturing process for polymer and polymer composite impellers such as conventional impeller manufacturing, injection molding and additive manufacturing can offer higher economic efficiency than similar metal parts. In this study, polymeric and polymer composites impellers are discussed and conclusions are drawn according to the manufacturing methods. Studies have shown promising results for the replacement of polymers and polymer composites instead of metals with respect to a suitable temperature range. In general, polymers showed a good ability to fabricate the impellers, however in more difficult working conditions considering the need for a substance with higher physical and mechanical properties necessitates the use of composite polymers. However, in some applications, the use of these materials needs further research and development.
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Park, Seongeun, Hoyoun Kim, Yoonkwan Kim, Eunhee Kim, and Yongsok Seo. "Multilayer-Structured Non-leaded Metal/Polymer Composites for Enhanced X-ray Shielding." MRS Advances 3, no. 31 (2018): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.336.
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AbstractPolymer-non-leaded metal (tin, bismuth-tin (BiSn) alloy, and tungsten) composites were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of their X-ray shielding. Films of the composites were found to exhibit excellent X-ray shielding due to the uniform dispersion of metal particles in the polymer matrix, as were fabrics impregnated with the BiSn alloy. The fabricated composites effectively absorb penetrating photons. The preparation of composites with a uniform dispersion and a multilayered structure can limit the formation of pin holes. Multilayered BiSn composites exhibit significantly enhanced shielding. The lamination of a tungsten composite film or a BiSn composite film onto a BiSn-coated layered sheet results in better and more uniform shielding. Thus non-leaded BiSn metal-polymer composites can be used in X-ray shielding applications instead of the lead. One advantage that metal BiSn has over tungsten is its low melting temperature, which means that it can be processed in a normal extruder or in internal mixers such as those used in polymer processing.
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Wang, Ming, Ping Cheng, Yan Wang, Hong Wang, and Gui Fu Ding. "Simulation of Stiffness and Thermal Conductivity of Ordered Metal Microstructure Reinforced Polymer Composite Interposer." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.326.
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An interposer model based on ordered metal microstructure reinforced polymer composite was established using ANSYS software. The shape of metal microstructure includes quadrilateral, hexagon and triangle. The stiffness and thermal conductivity of composite interposer was calculated and discussed. Simulation results show that the stiffness of the metal microstructure-reinforced polymer composite interposer increases with augmenting the volume fraction of metal compared with the pure polymer. For the composite with metal volume fraction of 65%, the stiffness of the triangular composite interposer is 3.12 times that of the pure polymer interposer. The thermal conductivity of the hexagonal model is the best, while the one of quadrilateral and triangular model is similar. For the composite with the metal volume fraction of 65%, the thermal conductivity of the triangular composite interposer is 3.42 times that of the pure polymer interposer. Therefore, metal microstructure can effectively improve the performance of the pure polymer interposer.
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Molchanov, Dmitrii S., Heinz Palkowski, Sergey Chernyakin, and Panagiotis G. Karagiannidis. "Investigation of Metal-based Composites Vibration Properties Using Modal Analysis in Combination with Wavelet Transforms Under Imitation of Operational Loads." Materials and Geoenvironment 67, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2020-0010.
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AbstractThe present article is dedicated to the study of the vibration properties of metal-based composite materials and the application of the non-destructive testing method. The main modal parameters of the metal-based composites were investigated. For experimental determination of natural frequencies and modes of oscillations, the method of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry was used. For the numerical modal analysis, the finite element method was used. The material model was a layered composite with isotropic linearly elastic layers and metal layers. The task of identifying the material model was considered as the problem of minimising the discrepancy between the calculated natural frequencies and the experimental ones. The developed method can be recommended for the determination of parameters of material models for calculating the modal characteristics of polymer–metal sandwich sheets and metallic mono-materials composite products. Methodology for identifying models of elastic behaviour of polymer–metal composite materials, based on the results of the experimental modal analysis, is presented. Wavelet-based damage detection is also presented as an appropriate approach for the identification of integral conditions of the metal–polymer–metal composite materials. Results of wavelet transform convolutions are presented.
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Ali, Muayad Abdulhasan, and Abbas Ali Diwan. "Study the Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Reinforced by Metal Woven Fibers." Kufa Journal of Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/411249.
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Strength and Durability of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP) are controlled by the durability of their constituents: reinforcement fibers, resin matrices, and the status of interfaces. A great deal of research has been focused on the relationship of fibers with matrix, on the other hand, the diameter of the fiber and properties of fiber-matrix composites. The present investigation aims to study the effects of adding steel woven fibers to polymer (polyethylene) on some mechanical properties for resulting composite materials. This research tries to study the using of metal woven fibers as a reinforcement Material with Matrix from polyethylene grades (LDPE,LLDPE) as a composite material that was prepared using an injection molding process at 180- 200 Co and 60 rpm with different diameter (0.25- 1.0 mm).the results show that the tensile strength will slightly increase with percentage about (9%-18%) for the LLDPE and LDPE polymer composite respectively, and tensile modulus will significant increase about (80%- 190%) with woven metal fibers .The ductility is decrease with 68% for LDPE but it was 78% for LLDPE . The flexural strength will decrease with percentage about (36%-22%) for the LLDPE and LDPE polymer composite and impact strength with percentage about (78%-68%) and impact strength about (47%-40%) for the LLDPE and LDPE polymer composite respectively
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Deb, S. "Polymers in dentistry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981534213.
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There is a wide choice of materials available for restorative dentistry covering a range of requirements. Fundamental knowledge about the properties of the polymers in use in dentistry is an advantage as it provides information relevant to clinical practice. Dentistry, perhaps, has the unique distinction of using the widest variety of materials, ranging from polymers, metal and metal alloys, ceramics, inorganic salts and composite materials. In the present paper, polymers and polymer composites used directly or indirectly for restorations, prostheses or for production of appliances in dentistry is discussed.
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Zheng, Xu, Qing Wang, Jinjin Luan, Yao Li, and Ning Wang. "Patterned Metal/Polymer Composite Film with Good Mechanical Stability and Repeatability for Flexible Electronic Devices Using Nanoimprint Technology." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100651.
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Mechanical stability and repeatability are significant factors for the application of metal film flexible electronic devices. In this work, patterned metal/polymer composite films with good mechanical stability and repeatability were fabricated through nanoimprint technology. The mechanical properties characteristic of metal/polymer composite films were exhibited by resistance change (ΔR/R0) after cyclic tension and bending loading. It was found that the ΔR/R0 and error line of patterned metal/polymer composite film was far lower than the other control groups for repeated experiments, which indicates that patterned metal film has excellent mechanical properties and repeatability. The double cantilever beam method was employed to measure the interfacial adhesion properties of composite films. The average interfacial adhesion of patterned metal/polymer composite films is shown to be over 2.9 and 2.2 times higher than that of metal film deposited on bare polymer and metal nanowire-treated polymer substrates, respectively.
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Lubimyi, Nickolay S., Andrey A. Polshin, Michael D. Gerasimov, Alexander A. Tikhonov, Sergey I. Antsiferov, Boris S. Chetverikov, Vladislav G. Ryazantsev, Julia Brazhnik, and İsmail Ridvanov. "Justification of the Use of Composite Metal-Metal-Polymer Parts for Functional Structures." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020352.
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The additive manufacturing of metal parts takes up an increasing number of areas of mechanical engineering, but it still remains too expensive for mass use. Based on the experience in the production of combined metal-metal-polymer forming parts of molds, a new method for the production of composite parts from a metal shell filled with metal-polymer is proposed. As a basis for the study, strength calculations are given by the finite element method for the details of the exoskeleton and a sample of simplified geometry. Comparison of the strength characteristics of parts made of various materials and their combinations showed high strength characteristics of a composite part made of a metal shell and a metal-polymer filler. The metal-metal polymer composite part is distinguished not only by its high strength but also by a significantly lower cost, due to the reduction in the volume of 3D printing with metal. The problems of obtaining composite structures are also discussed. The main problem is the development of a metal-polymer casting technology. The process of filling a thin-walled shell with a metal-polymer causes difficulty.
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Duyunova, V. A., N. Yu Serebrennikova, Yu N. Nefedova, V. V. Sidelnikov, and A. V. Somov. "METHODS OF FORMING METAL-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS (review)." Aviation Materials and Technologies, no. 1 (2022): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2713-0193-2022-0-1-65-77.
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Fiber-laminated metal materials – as a class of metal-polymer composite materials, in which both metals and composites are used, have shown great prospects as lightweight structural materials in the transport industry. In this regard, technologies for the production of such materials and production of parts from them are of increasing interest to researchers. The review evaluates various aspects of the current state of researches and problems associated with such materials and the technologies of their shaping, and shows the prospects for their further development.
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Forysenkova, A. A., P. V. Slukin, E. S. Trofimchuk, G. A. Davydova, and I. V. Fadeeva. "Mineral-polymer composite with cation-substituted calcium phosphates." Perspektivnye Materialy 7 (2022): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-7-35-48.
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Powders of copper, zinc, manganese-substituted tricalcium phosphates (TCP) were synthesized, the composition and structure of the obtained compounds were studied. It is shown how copper, zinc and manganese ions affect the phase composition and microstructure of powders substituted with TCP. Composite materials based on a blend of polyvinylpyrrolidone with alginate (PVP:ALG) containing copper, zinc, and manganese-substituted TCP have been obtained. The thermal stability and mechanical strength of composite films crosslinked with polyvalent metal ions have been studied. The least strong, but at the same time more thermally stable composites crosslinked with alkaline earth metal ions. The test for cytotoxicity of powders substituted TCP’ extracts and composites showed that the powders and composite materials with them are non-toxic and biocompatible. The study of the antibacterial activity of the materials against the Escherichia coli C600 strain showed that the growth of bacteria was inhibited by the samples containing copper-TCP and zinc-TCP. The composite with manganese-TCP showed no activity against Escherichia coli C600. Composites based on the PVP:ALG blend with copper, zinc-substituted TCP can be considered as materials with an antibacterial effect for use in medicine.
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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "The Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.190.
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A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.
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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "Composites With Rubber Matrix And Ferrimagnetic Filling." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0099.
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AbstractA composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites (Peters, 1998). The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix – rubber (sidewall mixture). As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, hardness test and study of morphology.
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Wang, Shuang, Xi Ping Li, Li Li Bai, and Ning Ning Gong. "Heat Transfer Analysis on Aluminum-Polymer Composite Molding Process." Key Engineering Materials 667 (October 2015): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.187.
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Aluminum-polymer composite products have advantages of metals with high specific stiffness, specific strength and abrasion resistance as well as that of the polymers with easy forming and low cost. The aluminum-polymer parts with lightweight, high strength can be produced to meet the requirement and demand of market. The interface conditions between aluminum and polymer, especially the metal surface temperature has important effect on the strength of the molded products. On the basis of aluminum-polymer composite molding principle, the heat transfer process during the molding process is analyzed. First, the finite element model for the aluminum and the metal mold heat transfer is established, and the boundary conditions are analyzed and calculated. Then the temperature field of the aluminum and the metal mold after heating process are obtained by finite element method. Lastly, the simulation results are compared with the actual temperature test. It is showed that the simulation and test results are in good condition within error range. Results presented in this paper can be helpful to study the mechanism of aluminum-polymer composite molding process and improve their interface strength.
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Atisme, Yu, Tseng, Chen, Hsu, and Chen. "Interface Interactions in Conjugated Polymer Composite with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111534.
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This study presents the preparation, characterization, and properties of a new composite containing cerium oxide nanoparticles and a conjugated polymer. CeO2 nanoparticles prepared using the co-precipitation method were dispersed into the conjugated polymer, prepared using the palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The interface interactions between the two components and the resultant optoelectronic properties of the composite are demonstrated. According to transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the dispersion of CeO2 nanoparticles in the polymer matrix strongly depends on the CeO2 nanoparticle concentration and results in different degrees of charge transfer. The photo-induced charge transfer and recombination processes were studied using steady-state optical spectroscopy, which shows a significant fluorescence quenching and red shifting in the composite. The higher photo-activity of the composite as compared to the single components was observed and explained. Unexpected room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in both components and all composites, of which the origin was attributed to the topology and defects.
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Dominik, Ireneusz, Janusz Kwaśniewski, and Filip Kaszuba. "Ionic polymer-metal composite displacement sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 240 (April 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2016.01.047.
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Shakuntala, Ojha, Gujjala Raghavendra, and Acharya Samir Kumar. "Effect of Filler Loading on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Wood Apple Shell Reinforced Epoxy Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538651.
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During the last century, natural fibers and particulates are used as reinforcement in polymer composite that has been continuously growing in the composite industry. This polymer matrix composite has wide range of applications in hostile environment where they are exposed to external attacks such as solid particle erosion. Also, the mechanical properties of different polymer composites show the best alternate to replace the metal material. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymer matrix composite using wood apple shell particles as a filler material in polymer matrix. Also the temperature variation of the dynamic-mechanical parameters of epoxy matrix composites incorporated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of wood apple shell particles was investigated by DMA test. It is clearly observed that the incorporation of wood apple shell particles tends to increase the tensile strength, flexural strength, erosive wear resistance, and viscoelastic stiffness of the polymer composite. To validate the results, SEM of the polymer matrix composite has been studied.
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Khalil, Chady, Surendar Marya, and Guillaume Racineux. "Magnetic Pulse Hybrid Joining of Polymer Composites to Metals." Metals 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11122001.
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To lighten their vehicles, car manufacturers are inclined to substitute steel structures with aluminum alloys or composites parts. They are then faced with the constraints inherent to dissimilar (galvanized steel/aluminum) or hybrid (metal/composite) assemblies. Recent developments in magnetic pulse welding seems to offer a viable route. Very fast, this process can be robotized and generates a very localized heating system which limits the formation of intermetallic and damage the composite. Low energy consumption, without filler metal or smoke it is recognized as an environmentally friendly process. In this paper, electromagnetic pulse welding is exploited to assemble polymer composite to metals. Two techniques, a metallic insert in polymer composite or an external patch, have been tested with possible design considerations.
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Deng, Xiaobo, Guokang Chen, Yifan Liao, Xi Lu, Shuangyan Hu, Tiansheng Gan, Stephan Handschuh-Wang, and Xueli Zhang. "Self-Healable and Recyclable Dual-Shape Memory Liquid Metal–Elastomer Composites." Polymers 14, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112259.
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Liquid metal (LM)–polymer composites that combine the thermal and electrical conductivity of LMs with the shape-morphing capability of polymers are attracting a great deal of attention in the fields of reconfigurable electronics and soft robotics. However, investigation of the synergetic effect between the shape-changing properties of LMs and polymer matrices is lacking. Herein, a self-healable and recyclable dual-shape memory composite, comprising an LM (gallium) and a Diels–Alder (DA) crosslinked crystalline polyurethane (PU) elastomer, is reported. The composite exhibits a bilayer structure and achieves excellent shape programming abilities, due to the phase transitions of the LM and the crystalline PU elastomers. To demonstrate these shape-morphing abilities, a heat-triggered soft gripper, which can grasp and release objects according to the environmental temperature, is designed and built. Similarly, combining the electrical conductivity and the dual-shape memory effect of the composite, a light-controlled reconfigurable switch for a circuit is produced. In addition, due to the reversible nature of DA bonds, the composite is self-healable and recyclable. Both the LM and PU elastomer are recyclable, demonstrating the extremely high recycling efficiency (up to 96.7%) of the LM, as well as similar mechanical properties between the reprocessed elastomers and the pristine ones.
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STOIMENOV, Boyko, Jonathan ROSSITER, and Toshiharu MUKAI. "1P1-H02 Self-actuated compliant mechanism made of ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007): _1P1—H02_1—_1P1—H02_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._1p1-h02_1.
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Alghamdi, Abdulrahman A., and Hamzah A. Alharthi. "Multiscale finite-element modelling of the electrical conductivity of polyvinylchloride–nickel composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 9 (August 29, 2018): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318797172.
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The electrical properties of polymer–metal composites are strongly affected by the quantity, distribution, and arrangement of the metal particles in the polymer matrix. The effect of these factors was investigated in a polyvinylchloride–nickel composite by adopting a multiscale finite-element modelling approach. Modelling in the macroscale was used to determine the electrical conductivity of agglomerated particles with varying volume fractions of Ni. The calculated electrical conductivities were then incorporated into calculations on the microscale, using a composite unit cell. The electrical conductivity of the composite unit cell was in good agreement with experimental data.
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Pechenyuk, Valery, Yuri Popov, and Irina Moiseeva. "ASSESSMENT OF THE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF A COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF A METAL-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND A CLASSICAL METAL." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 67 (2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.67.08.
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The requirements for modern models of aviation equipment are constantly increasing, as a result of which it is necessary to look for new ways to solve the assigned engineering tasks through the use of new materials, new principles of manufacturing and assembly, as well as through an extraordinary approach to the design of the design of modern aircraft products. In this paper, the engineering methodology of power calculation and design of composite aircraft structures combining metal-polymer composite materials and metal materials is considered. As a composite structure under study, a fragment of an aircraft wing panel is considered, including a stringer made of a traditional structural material (metal) and a metal-polymer composite material skin attached to it. Metal- polymer composite material is a layered material consisting of metal sheets and layers of polymer composite material. Previously, in [1], the characteristics of the stress-strain state (SSS) of a single metal-polymer composite material and each layer in its package were investigated. In this paper, analytical and graphical dependences of the stress state of the elements of a composite structure on their ultimate deformations are obtained. The parameters of the composite panel of the wing, working on tension, and their effect on the stress-strain state, safety margin and load-bearing capacity are investigated. The obtained graphical dependences can be used for a preliminary assessment of the strength of an element of a composite structure at the stage of working out the design concept of an aircraft airframe assembly using a metal-polymer material.
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Murzin, Serguei P., Heinz Palkowski, Alexey A. Melnikov, and Maksim V. Blokhin. "Laser Welding of Metal-Polymer-Metal Sandwich Panels." Metals 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020256.
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In the production of metal-polymer multilayer composite parts, e.g., for automotive applications, the possibilities of thermal joining are limited due to the instability of the polymer core at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, such materials require a special approach to their welding. The three-layered metal-polymer-metal samples were made of DPK 30/50+ZE dual-phase steel as cover sheets that were electrolytic galvanized, and a polypropylene-polyethylene foil as core material, with thicknesses of 0.48/0.3/0.48 mm. The samples were welded on both sides using a 1.06 µm Nd:YAG ROFIN StarWeld Manual Performance laser. Significant improvements of the welding conditions are achieved by machining the edges of materials to be welded. The parameters of laser welding were chosen in such a way that the polymer structure remained almost unchanged. The weld thickness was about 40% of the thickness of each steel layer. It was established that within the selected laser processing parameters the melting occurred uniformly, while the polymer layer practically did not change its structure. Therefore, it can be stated that two-sided joint welding of metal-polymer-metal composite sandwich panels, without significant degradation of the polymer core layer, is feasible.
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Ilyas, R. A., S. M. Sapuan, M. R. M. Asyraf, D. A. Z. N. Dayana, J. J. N. Amelia, M. S. A. Rani, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, et al. "Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111701.
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Polymer composites filled with metal derivatives have been widely used in recent years, particularly as flame retardants, due to their superior characteristics, including high thermal behavior, low environmental degradation, and good fire resistance. The hybridization of metal and polymer composites produces various favorable properties, making them ideal materials for various advanced applications. The fire resistance performance of polymer composites can be enhanced by increasing the combustion capability of composite materials through the inclusion of metallic fireproof materials to protect the composites. The final properties of the metal-filled thermoplastic composites depend on several factors, including pore shape and distribution and morphology of metal particles. For example, fire safety equipment uses polyester thermoplastic and antimony sources with halogenated additives. The use of metals as additives in composites has captured the attention of researchers worldwide due to safety concern in consideration of people’s life and public properties. This review establishes the state-of-art flame resistance properties of metals/polymer composites for numerous industrial applications.
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Kolesnikov, I., V. Osipov, V. Kolesnikov, V. Guzun, and V. Avilov. "Improvement of the wear resistance and energy efficiency of heavy-loaded metal-polymer transport tribosystems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 052036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/5/052036.
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Abstract The article describes the phenomena of electrification, and their effect on the processes of diffusion of polymer degradation products into metal surfaces in metal-polymer tribosystems, as well as the formation of secondary structures during friction. New methods of measuring tribo IV (tribo Internal Voltage) and the results of studies of various groups of materials are presented. The conducted studies made it possible, by combining multipolar polymer materials from fillers and nanoscale additives in the composite, to increase the wear resistance of heavily loaded metal-polymer tribosystems. For metal surfaces it was carried out by friction delivery of reinforcing elements to their surface layers, for polymer composites it was based on the developed technology of their modification, the formation of secondary surface structures in the process of metal-polymer friction was carried out.
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Alves, LM, RM Afonso, CMA Silva, and PAF Martins. "Joining sandwich composite panels to tubes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 7 (March 27, 2018): 1472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718763463.
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This paper proposes a new joining by forming process for connecting metal–polymer sandwich composite panels to metallic tubes. The process involves forming an annular flange with rectangular cross-section by partial sheet-bulk of the tube wall thickness and performing the mechanical interlocking by upsetting the free tube end against the sandwich composite with a flaring punch. The presentation addresses the main process variables and workability limits, and the overall conclusions are supported by experimentation and finite element analysis. Results show that the new proposed joining by forming process has potential to be used in mass production contributing, therefore, to extend the application of metal–polymer sandwich composites to structural components.
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Upadhyay, Anjali, and Subramanian Karpagam. "Movement of new direction from conjugated polymer to semiconductor composite polymer nanofiber." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0024.
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Abstract In the past few years, there was a tremendous growth in conjugated polymer nanofibers via design of novel conjugated polymers with inorganic materials. Synthetic routes to these conjugated polymers involve new, mild polymerization techniques, which enable the formation of well-defined polymer architectures. This review provides interest in the development of novel (semi) conducting polymers, which combine both organic and inorganic blocks in one framework. Due to their ability to act as chemosensors or to detect various chemical species in environmental and biological systems, fluorescent conjugated polymers have gained great interest. Nanofibers of metal oxides and sulfides are particularly interesting in both their way of applications and fundamental research. These conjugated nanofibers operated for many applications in organic electronics, optoelectronics, and sensors. Synthesis of electrospun fibers by electrospinning technique discussed in this review is a simple method that forms conjugated polymer nanofibers. This review provides the basics of the technique and its recent advances in the formation of highly conducting and high-mobility polymer fibers towards their adoption in electronic application.
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Lubimyi, N. S., A. A. Polshin, A. A. Tikhonov, M. D. Gerasimov, V. G. Ryazantsev, B. S. Chetverikov, S. I. Antsiferov, and A. A. Romanovich. "COMPUTATIONAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE USE OF COMPOSITE METAL-METAL POLYMER PARTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 302 (May 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.05.pp.022-027.
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Additive manufacturing of metal parts occupies an increasing number of areas of mechanical engineering, but still remains too expensive for mass use. Based on the experience in the production of combined metal-metal polymer forming parts of molds, a new method for the production of composite parts from a metal shell filled with metal polymer is proposed. The strength calculations by the finite element method of the exoskeleton part and a sample of simplified geometry are given as the basis of the study. A comparison of the strength characteristics of parts made of various materials and their combinations showed high strength characteristics of a composite part made of a metal shell and a metal polymer filler. The metal-metal polymer composite part is distinguished not only by its high strength, but also by a significantly lower cost due to the reduction in the volume of 3D printing with metal. The article substantiates the main problems facing researchers and technologists in the development of a practically applicable technology for producing such composite parts.
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Jain, Ravi K., Somajoyti Majumder, and Ashish Dutta. "Multiple path generation by a flexible four-bar mechanism using ionic polymer metal composite." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, no. 12 (May 28, 2012): 1379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12447290.
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This article presents a novel design of a flexible four-bar crank–rocker mechanism using ionic polymer metal composite for generating multiple paths, which can be applied in microassembly. In order to control the deflection of links and the resultant path, active ionic polymer metal composite patches are fixed on the coupler and are actuated by a voltage (0–3 V direct current). The main focus of this article is to determine the number, size, and location of the ionic polymer metal composite patches to be used on the coupler to get a desired path. A dynamic model of the mechanism is made in ADAMS software and the design parameters are identified. A mathematical model of ionic polymer metal composite patch is developed through experiments to achieve the bending moment relationship with voltage, and this is used while simulating its behaviors. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can generate multiple paths, using different voltages for ionic polymer metal composite activation. The proposed mechanism is then fabricated, and experiments are carried out to compare the experimental and simulation results. It is proved that the proposed new mechanism is superior to earlier designs of four bars using ionic polymer metal composite, and the paths generated can more effectively be controlled.