Journal articles: 'Polymer matrix composites'

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Mihu, Georgel, Sebastian-Marian Draghici, Vasile Bria, Adrian Circiumaru, and Iulian-Gabriel Birsan. "Mechanical Properties of Some Epoxy-PMMA Blends." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.2.5494.

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The thermoset polymers and the thermoplastic polymers matrix composites require different forming techniques due to the different properties of two classes of polymers. While the forming technique for thermoset polymer matrix composites does not require the use of special equipment, the thermoplastic polymer matrix composites imposes the rigorous control of temperature and pressure values. Each type of polymer transfers to the composite a set of properties that may be required for a certain application. It is difficult to design a composite with commonly brittle thermoset polymer matrix showing properties of a viscoelastic thermoplastic polymer matrix composite. One solution may consist in mixing a thermoset and a thermoplastic polymer getting a polymer blend that can be used as matrix to form a composite. This study is about using PMMA solutions to obtain thermoset-thermoplastic blends and to mechanically characterize the obtained materials. Three well known organic solvents were used to obtain the PMMA solutions, based on a previous study concerning with the effect of solvents presence into the epoxy structure.

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Ushkov, Valentin, Oleg Figovsky, Vladimir Smirnov, and Vyacheslav Seleznev. "Fire-Resisting Composites Based on Polymer Matrix." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.01.077.

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Nirmal Kumar, K., P. Dinesh Babu, Raviteja Surakasi, P. Manoj Kumar, P. Ashokkumar, Rashid Khan, Adel Alfozan, and Dawit Tafesse Gebreyohannes. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber–Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites: A Critical Study." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (December 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332157.

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In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.

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OGIHARA, S., and T. UMESAKI. "PMC-02: Evaluation of Interfacial Strength using Model Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.1_4.

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OKUBO, K., T. FUJII, and N. YAMASHITA. "PMC-06: Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion in Bamboo Polymer Composite Enhanced with Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_3.

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Курбанов, М. А., Ф. Н. Татардар, Н. А. Сафаров, И. С. Рамазанова, З. А. Дадашев, И. А. Фараджзаде, К. К. Азизова, and А. Ф. Гочуева. "Новая технология создания высокочувствительных сегнетопьезоэлектрических материалов на основе гибрида микро- и наноструктурированных полимеров." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 5 (2019): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.05.47478.2443.

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AbstractFabrication of composites based on micro- and nanostructured hybrid polymers have been studied. A new technology for nanoparticle immobilization in the polymer matrix of the composite has been suggested. Its essence is to produce functional electronegative polymer segments in the polymer matrix, which are the main agents preventing nanoparticle mobilization in the polymer phase of a composite.

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KOSAKA, T., H. NAKATANI, K. OSAKA, and Y. SAWADA. "PMC-05: Development and Evaluation of Ramie/Starch FW Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_2.

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Friedrich, Klaus, and Jens Schuster. "Polymer Matrix Composites." Tribology International 29, no. 1 (February 1996): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(96)90013-4.

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Gupta, Nikhil, and Mrityunjay Doddamani. "Polymer Matrix Composites." JOM 70, no. 7 (May 21, 2018): 1282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-018-2917-x.

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Boissin, E., C. Bois, J.-C. Wahl, and T. Palin-Luc. "Effect of temperature on damage mechanisms and mechanical behaviour of an acrylic-thermoplastic-matrix and glass-fibre-reinforced composite." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (June 3, 2020): 4269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320929056.

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The mechanical response of polymer matrix composites exhibits a temperature dependency even if the service temperature range is lower than the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. This dependency is mainly due to the temperature effect on the mechanical behaviour of the polymer matrix. However, the micro- and meso-structures driving the composite anisotropy and local stress distribution play an essential role regarding the effect of temperature on damage mechanisms specific to reinforced polymers. There are few data in the literature on the sensitivity to temperature of damage mechanisms and scenarios of polymer matrix composites regardless of loading type. In this paper, after a synthetic literature review of the effect of temperature on polymers and polymer composites, several complementary tests are proposed to analyse the temperature effect on damage mechanisms undergone by laminated composites under in-plane quasi static loadings. These tests are applied to an acrylic-thermoplastic composite reinforced by glass fibres in its service temperature range of –20℃ to 60℃. The results show that the testing temperature has a significant impact on the mechanical response and damage mechanisms of the composite material in the selected temperature range, which is markedly lower than the glass transition temperature (around 100℃). While the temperature rise generates a gradual decrease in matrix stiffness and strength, the increase in matrix ductility associated to the stress heterogeneity in the composite microstructure produces a rise in the transverse cracking threshold and removes this damage mode during quasi-static tensile tests when the temperature shifts from 15℃ to 40℃.

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Tashkinov, M. A., A. D. Dobrydneva, V. P. Matveenko, and V. V. Silberschmidt. "Modeling the Effective Conductive Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with a Random Arrangement of Graphene Oxide Particles." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.2.15.

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Сomposite materials are widely used in various industrial sectors, for example, in the aviation, marine and automotive industries, civil engineering and others. Methods based on measuring the electrical conductivity of a composite material have been actively developed to detect internal damage in polymer composite materials, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and other types of defects, which make it possible to monitor a composite’s state during its entire service life. Polymers are often used as matrices in composite materials. However, almost always pure polymers are dielectrics. The addition of nanofillers, such as graphene and its derivatives, has been successfully used to create conductive composites based on insulating polymers. The final properties of nanomodified composites can be influenced by many factors, including the type and intrinsic properties of nanoscale objects, their dispersion in the polymer matrix, and interphase interactions. The work deals with modeling of effective electric conductive properties of the representative volume elements of nanoscale composites based on a polymer matrix with graphene oxide particles distributed in it. In particular, methods for evaluating effective, electrically conductive properties have been studied, finite element modelling of representative volumes of polymer matrices with graphene oxide particles have been performed, and the influence of the tunneling effect and the orientation of inclusions on the conductive properties of materials have been investigated. The possibility of using models of resistive strain gauges operating on the principle of the tunneling effect is studied. Based on the finite-element modeling and graph theory tools, we created approaches for estimating changes in the conductive properties of the representative volume elements of a nanomodified matrix subjected to mechanical loading.

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YOSHIDA, T., and S. OGIHARA. "PMC-33: Analysis of Matrix Cracking in CFRP Angle-ply Laminates(PMC-V: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.47_4.

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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "Composites With Rubber Matrix And Ferrimagnetic Filling." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0099.

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AbstractA composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites (Peters, 1998). The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix – rubber (sidewall mixture). As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, hardness test and study of morphology.

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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "The Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.190.

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A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.

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Manurung, Rokki, Sutan Simanjuntak, Jesayas Sembiring, Richard A. M. Napitupulu, and Suriady Sihombing. "Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang." SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/sproket.v2i1.296.

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Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.

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Alsewailem, Fares D., and Yazeed A. Binkhder. "Effect of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Polymer/Date Pits Composites." Journal of Composites 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/412432.

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The morphology of the fracture surfaces of polymer/date pits composites was investigated. Polymers used in this study were high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS). Date pits in the form of granules were two types of date pits: khlaas (K) and sekari (S). Two coupling agents, diphenylmethane-4 4′-diisocyanate (DPMI) and ethylene propylene grafted with malice anhydride (EP-g-MA), were used to ease the incorporation of date pit particles into polymer matrix. The SEM micrographs of the neat composites, that is, with no coupling agents, showed coarse morphology with bad dispersion, adhesion, and distribution of date pit particles within the polymer matrix. On the other hand, PS100/K composites coupled with DPMI and EP-g-MA had reasonable dispersed phase size with good distribution and adhesion to the composite matrix which in turn improve the mechanical properties of the resulted polymer/date pits composites.

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GODA, K., A. GOMES, T. KAJI, and J. OHGI. "PMC-04: Plastic Deformation Ability of High Strength Natural Fiber Green Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_1.

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Espe, Matthew P., Saida Y. Ortiz-Colon, Arturo Ponce, and Ronald F. Ziolo. "Structural Characterization of Poly(Sodium 4-Styrene Sulfonate)/CdS Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composites." Materials Science Forum 644 (March 2010): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.644.123.

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The properties of polymer/semiconducting nanoparticle (NP) composites-materials used in hybrid, bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic materials-are dependent on the interaction of the NPs and polymer. Composite films of water soluble polymers and CdS NPs have been produced both by synthesizing the NPs within the polymer matrix and by adding the CdS NPs, containing a capping agent, to the polymer. The composites have been characterized by microscopy as well as 1H, 13C and 113Cd solid-state NMR. When synthesizing the NPs within the polymer, the polymer matrix plays a role in the cadmium sulfide NP nucleation, growth and structure. In the blended system, the dominant interaction between the glycerol capping agent and sulfonated polymer is observed to be hydrogen bonding.

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Martyniuk, G. V., and O. I. Aksimentyeva. "Influence of conductive polymer filler on electrical conductivity and microhardness of composites with dielectric polymeric matrices." Chernivtsi University Scientific Herald. Chemistry, no. 818 (2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/chem-2019-818-11.

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Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called "smart-materials" or "intellectual" materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Сonductive conjugated polymers - polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action - exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvachromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, of microhardness as a material strength characteristic. Composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of conductive polymers dispersed in polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as an conductive polymer filler оn on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polybuthylmethacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA – РАNi and ED-20 - РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA– РАNi at the contents of the filler 5-20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.

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MARTYNІUK, Galyna, and Olena AKSIMENTYEVA. "INFLUENCE OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FILLER ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MICROHARDNESS OF COMPOSITES WITH DIELECTRIC POLYMERIC MATRICES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.014.

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Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called “smart-materials” or “intellectual” materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Conductive conjugated polymers–polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action–exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvatochromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, the microhardness as a material strength characteristic. The composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of the conductive polymers dispersed in the polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as a conductive polymer filler on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybuthyl methacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA–РАNi and ED-20−РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA–РАNi at the contents of the filler 5−20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.

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Oliveira, Michelle Souza, Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho, Fernanda Santos da Luz, Artur Camposo Pereira, Luana Cristyne da Cruz Demosthenes, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Tensile Properties of Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Fique Fabric." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.14.

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Composite materials are being extensively studied for ballistic armor. Their main advantage is connected to the possibility of deeply reducing weight and costs by maintaining high performances in terms of strength and security. Epoxy composites are reinforced with natural fibers which are replacing other synthetic reinforcement materials. Composites are prepared using polymers as matrix material because of ease of production with different reinforcements. The mechanical strength of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites has been compared with synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites and it is found that for achieving equivalent mechanical strength of the material, the volume fraction of the natural fiber should be much higher than synthetic fiber. This work being an experimental study on untreated “as received” fique fabric-reinforced epoxy composites, to demonstrate the potential of this renewable source of natural fiber for use in a number of applications.

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Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Yuya Takahashi, and Naoya Toyoda. "Dispersion of Nano-materials in Polymer Composite Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311003.

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Polymer composites materials are the subject of extensive studies because of their novel properties compared with their constituent materials. Dispersion stability of sub-micron sized particles in the medium is important from the point of colloidal views. In the present study, dispersion of nano-materials in the matrix polymer is one of the most important problems to enhance their mechanical properties. We tackled this problem to carry out surface modification of the nano-materials, such as carbon nano tubes (CNTs), using amphiphilic polymers, polyNvinylacetamide (PNVA), synthesized thorough radical polymerization. Hydrogen bond worked between PNVA onto the modified nano-materials and hydrophilic matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance surface adhesions and dispersions of the nano-materials in the matrix. As a result, the mechanical properties of their composites materials were strengthened. When CNTs were used in PVA, the transparency of the composite was also increased due to improvement of their dispersions. In addition, if the CNTs formed the networks in the composites, the highly conductive and transparent polymer composite films were fabricated.

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Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Yuya Takahashi, and Naoya Toyoda. "Dispersion of Nano-materials in Polymer Composite Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133311003.

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Polymer composites materials are the subject of extensive studies because of their novel properties compared with their constituent materials. Dispersion stability of sub-micron sized particles in the medium is important from the point of colloidal views. In the present study, dispersion of nano-materials in the matrix polymer is one of the most important problems to enhance their mechanical properties. We tackled this problem to carry out surface modification of the nano-materials, such as carbon nano tubes (CNTs), using amphiphilic polymers, polyNvinylacetamide (PNVA), synthesized thorough radical polymerization. Hydrogen bond worked between PNVA onto the modified nano-materials and hydrophilic matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance surface adhesions and dispersions of the nano-materials in the matrix. As a result, the mechanical properties of their composites materials were strengthened. When CNTs were used in PVA, the transparency of the composite was also increased due to improvement of their dispersions. In addition, if the CNTs formed the networks in the composites, the highly conductive and transparent polymer composite films were fabricated.

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Kwon, O.-Hyun, and Jin-Ho Roh. "Origami-inspired shape memory dual-matrix composite structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 17 (September 18, 2019): 2639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873429.

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A sandwiched morphing structure is developed using an Origami-inspired shape memory dual-matrix composite core and shape memory polymer composite skins. The geometric parameters of the morphing structure are designed to have a zero Poisson’s ratio. In addition, an analytical model is developed to analyze the three-dimensional morphing structure easily. The shape memory dual-matrix composites are fabricated with woven fabrics based on the shape memory polymers, and an epoxy matrix is used to ensure a flexible and shape-recoverable structure. The shape recoverability of the shape memory polymer composite skins is verified by measuring the shape recovery ratio at various temperatures. Based on the tensile tests for the shape memory polymer composite skins and shape memory polymer hinges, it is found that the morphing structure can be highly flexible depending on temperature. Finally, the bending and shape recovery behaviors of the morphing structure are demonstrated.

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KIRATLI, Sakine. "Marine Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, no. 7 (August 9, 2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.1338.

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Composite materials are formed by bringing together two or more materials that are insolublein each other at a macro level. Composites consist of two main elements such as reinforcement (thecarrier) and matrix (the binder). These materials are generally classified according to matrix andreinforcement elements. In the classification made according to the matrix element, polymer, metal, andceramic matrix composites are examined. In this classification, polymer matrix composites are widelyused in practice. A polymer matrix from the thermoset or thermoplastic group is reinforced with varioustypes of continuous or short fibers. Composites belonging to this group are widely used in basic sectorssuch as automotive, aviation, and marine. Especially in the marine sector, polymer matrix composites areused in the construction of marine vehicles (ships, boats, yachts, etc.) and equipment. Marine systems andstructures include the hull and shipbuilding industries (ship and submarine masts, propellers, and interiorparts), the offshore applications industry (gas pipelines, tendons, and support structures), and therenewable energy sector (turbine devices and rotor blades). The importance of lightweight design isincreasing day by day in vehicles used in land, air, and sea transportation. Today, the increase in the valueof both safety and energy savings causes research on composite materials to intensify in the marinesector. It is advantageous to use composite materials in many parts so that negative environmental effectssuch as corrosion, biological pollution, seawater aging, and hydrostatic pressure cause minimal damage tomarine structures. With the developments in composite science, the level of use of these materials isincreasing in the marine sector, as in every other field. This review presents an overview of the use ofpolymer matrix composites in the marine industry.

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NAIK, T., and Z. HU. "PMC-21: Computer Simulation and Design of Deep Drawing Process for Laminated Composites(PMC-III: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.11_3.

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OGIHARA, S. "PMC-24: Stress Analysis of Single Fiber Composites using Elastoplastic Shear-lag Approach(PMC-IV: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.42_2.

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Anbupalani, Manju Sri, Chitra Devi Venkatachalam, and Rajasekar Rathanasamy. "Influence of coupling agent on altering the reinforcing efficiency of natural fibre-incorporated polymers – A review." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 13-14 (April 14, 2020): 520–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420918937.

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Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites are increasingly replacing commercial composite materials. The limitations of conventional composites materials are overcome by green composites, which are easily available, more eco-friendly and less toxic. In the current scenario, green composites are emerging in the field of material science that involves improving their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The poor interfacial adhesion and surface incompatibility between natural fibre and biodegradable polymers lead to reduced physico-mechanical properties. In order to overcome this issue, physical and chemical modification methodologies of the natural fibre and polymer matrix are employed, among which the addition of coupling agents has a critical contribution. This paper compiles several recent research works in the utilization of coupling agents such as silane, maleic anhydride, isocyanate, triazine, etc., with the various combinations of natural fibres and polymers. In addition to this, the extents of influence of coupling agents on the characteristics of the natural fibre reinforced composite materials are also reported. This gives an overview for the future researchers to identify the gap in the field of green composite materials and novel coupling agents for different natural fibre/polymer matrix combination.

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Tudgey, G. F. "An Improved Method for the preparation of High Quality Carbon Fibre Composite Test Bars." Advanced Composites Letters 2, no. 6 (November 1993): 096369359300200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359300200605.

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The properties of carbon fibre composites derived from novel matrix polymers are often required for evaluation. An improved method has been developed to enable the preparation of unidirectional carbon fibre composite test bars of uniform high quality using only small quantities of matrix polymer.

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Draghici, Sorin. "Structural evaluation of a composite centrifugal rotor." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i1-004.

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The steady increase in the use of composites has brought benefits in many areas. Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) is a material consisting polymer (resin) matrix combined with a fibrous reinforcing dispersed phase. Polymer Matrix Composites are very popular due to their low cost and simple fabrication methods. This paper aims to validate thru finite element method the structural integrity of a composite gas turbine rotor and establish its benefits and disadvantages compared to a steel alternative. Composites provide the advantages of lower weight, greater strength and higher stiffness and the advantage of prepreg technology.

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Lebedeva, O. V., and E. I. Sipkina. "Polymer composites and their properties." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-192-207.

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The review article summarizes the results of studies conducted in the field of polymer composites obtained by various methods. An important industrial activity is structured around the development of polymeric materials and composites based on them. Composite materials having a matrix comprised of a polymeric material (polymers, oligomers, copolymers) are highly numerous and diverse. They are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of vitreous, ceramic, electrically insulating coatings, as adsorbents in the treatment of wastewater from heavy metal ions, and in the production of ion-exchange membranes. Composite materials have unique properties such as a large surface area, thermal and mechanical stability, good selectivity against various contaminants, and cost-effectiveness. The review presents the physicochemical and structural characteristics of composite materials based on synthetic polymers (polymer-carbon, polymerclay composites), polymeric heterocyclic and organosilicon compounds. Used across a variety of applications, polymer-carbon and polymer-clay composites are effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants. However, when used as adsorbents for large-scale production, they have yet to achieve optimum performance. Hybrid materials obtained by the sol-gel method deserve special attention. This method can be conveniently used to influence the composition and structure of the surface layer of such materials as adsorbents of heavy and noble metals, catalysts, membranes and sensors for applications in biological antibiosis, ion exchange catalysis, etc. Such composites are characterized by their increased mechanical strength and thermal stability, as well as offering improved thermochemical, rheological, electrical and optical properties.

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Chukov, Dilyus, Sarvarkhodzha Nematulloev, Andrey Stepashkin, Aleksey Maksimkin, Dmitriy Zherebtsov, and Victor Tcherdyntsev. "Novel carbon fibers reinforced composites based on polysulfone matrix." MATEC Web of Conferences 242 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824201004.

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The aim of this study is to create composites based on the high-temperature polymer reinforced with the carbon fibers and to study interfacial interaction between carbon fibers and polymer matrix. We propose a new method to obtain polysulfone based composite materials reinforced with high-modulus carbon fibers. The influences of thermal oxidation of carbon fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were studied. It was found that the obtained composite materials have sufficiently high mechanical properties, tensile strength up to 1047 MPa and Young’s modulus up to 70.9 GPa were found. Considerable interest to the polymer composites is associated with their high performance and good mechanical and thermal properties, which enable a broad range of aerospace, automotive and medical applications. Additionally, the manufacturing process of such composites can easily be optimized and automatized, furthermore, it is not time-consuming process in relation with thermosetting polymer based composites.

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Lv, Xiangmeng, Ming Kang, Kexu Chen, Lu Yuan, Simin Shen, Rong Sun, and Lixian Song. "Preparation of fluorescent calcium carbonate and visualization of its dispersion states in polypropylene." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319869822.

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The dispersion states of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Mastering the dispersion structure of inorganic minerals such as calcium carbonate in the polymer matrix is of great significance for the design of high performant polymer composites. Currently, due to the limitations of conventional electron microscope imaging capabilities, it is difficult to understand the internal dispersion structure of fillers in polymer composites comprehensively, regionally and stereoscopically. Here, we successfully embed the rare earth complex into the silica of the calcium carbonate surface to realize the fluorescent labeling of the calcium carbonate fillers. The fluorescent calcium carbonate exhibited broad excitation band ranging from 220 nm to 440 nm and showed bright red under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The two-dimensional dispersion states of the fillers at different depths in the polymer composite were obtained by the fluorescent imaging ability of laser scanning confocal microscope; these two-dimensional confocal images were further three-dimensionally reconstructed through Avizo Fire VSG software, and the spatial distribution of fillers in polymer composite was obtained without damage. This characterization method provides a new noninvasive method for studying the dispersion structure of fillers in polymers.

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Das, Subrata Chandra, Chaman Srivastava, Stergios Goutianos, Angela Daniela La Rosa, and Sotirios Grammatikos. "On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites." Materials 16, no. 17 (August 26, 2023): 5848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175848.

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The present work studies the response to hygrothermal ageing of natural fibre composites (NFCs) against synthetic fibre composites when using three different types of polymers as matrices. For ageing, coupons were fully immersed in distilled water at 23, 40, and 60 °C for a total ageing period of 56 days. Flax fibre-reinforced composites, using two recyclable polymer systems: (i) a bio-based recyclable epoxy and (ii) an acrylic-based liquid thermoplastic resin, were tested against conventional glass fibre-reinforced composites employing a synthetic (petroleum-based) epoxy. Different fibre/polymer matrix material combinations were tested to evaluate the effects of hygrothermal ageing degradation on the reinforcement, matrix, and fibre/matrix interface. The hygrothermal ageing response of unaged and aged composite coupons was assessed in terms of flexural and viscoelastic performance, physicochemical properties, and microscopy (SEM—Scanning Electron Microscopy).

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Jong, Lei. "Mechanical properties of heterophase polymer blends of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler and poly (styrene–butadiene)." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 44, no. 3 (January 5, 2012): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311428894.

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Reinforcement effect of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler in soft polymer was investigated in this study. Polymer composites were prepared by melt-mixing polymer and soy flour composite fillers in an internal mixer. Soy flour composite fillers were prepared by blending aqueous soy flour dispersion and styrene–butadiene rubber latex to form a mixture, which was then dried and cryogenically ground into powders. Upon cross-linking, the heterophase composite filler was integrated into rubber polymer and exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. Tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, toughness, and tear resistance of the heterophase polymer composites were better than those of the polymer matrix. The composites reinforced by the composite fillers prepared with different polymer matrices showed that the composite filler prepared with styrene–butadiene instead of carboxylated styrene–butadiene matrix produced composites with greater elongation ratio and toughness but smaller Young’s modulus. The study of elongation rate showed that the soy flour composite fillers produced the composites with useful tensile strength, elongation ratio, and toughness at 500 mm/min strain rate. The study also showed that the effect of soy flour/polymer ratio of the composite fillers on the composite mechanical properties was small.

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Shakuntala, Ojha, Gujjala Raghavendra, and Acharya Samir Kumar. "Effect of Filler Loading on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Wood Apple Shell Reinforced Epoxy Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538651.

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During the last century, natural fibers and particulates are used as reinforcement in polymer composite that has been continuously growing in the composite industry. This polymer matrix composite has wide range of applications in hostile environment where they are exposed to external attacks such as solid particle erosion. Also, the mechanical properties of different polymer composites show the best alternate to replace the metal material. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymer matrix composite using wood apple shell particles as a filler material in polymer matrix. Also the temperature variation of the dynamic-mechanical parameters of epoxy matrix composites incorporated with 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% of wood apple shell particles was investigated by DMA test. It is clearly observed that the incorporation of wood apple shell particles tends to increase the tensile strength, flexural strength, erosive wear resistance, and viscoelastic stiffness of the polymer composite. To validate the results, SEM of the polymer matrix composite has been studied.

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Tajul Arifin, Ahmad Mubarak, Shahrum Abdullah, Rozli Zulkifli, and Dzuraidah Abd Wahab. "A Study on Characteristic of Polymer Matrix Composites Using Experimental and Statistical Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.683.

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This paper focuses on the characteristic study of polymer matrix composites using a statistical approach, in terms of difference experimental and reflected to difference stacking sequence and orientation of composite lamination. Composite material, have an excellent characteristic and behavior, but with a difference application and materials used, it have a difference phenomenon occurred before the composite structure are collapsed. Therefore, in order to understand the characteristic of polymer matrix composites, it needs to investigate the phenomenon that influences the structure of composite lamination before failures. In this research, polymer matrix composites are produced using difference material and stacking sequence of lamination. The matrix used is thermoset epoxy and polyester resin with chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) as reinforcement materials. It has been produced using hand lay-up technique. The experimental work is carried out using the tension and flexural test accordance to ASTM-D3039 and D-D790 standard. By using a statistical approach, it can clearly show the differential between materials used with a characteristic of composite materials. It is noted, based on this investigation it also showed difference phenomenon failures and damage structure of polymer matrix composites with difference type of experimental.

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Hao, Xiang Yang, Xiao Ying Hua, Guo Sheng Gai, and Jian Lu. "Preparing ACB/UHMWPE Composite by PCS Process and its Electric Resistance-Temperature Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 826 (November 2013): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.826.223.

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Composite particles with ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix core and acetylene black (ACB) shell were produced by particle composite system (PCS), and molded into conductive polymer composites. Morphology of these composite particles was investigated by SEM. Matrix particles were coated by ACB nanoparticles very well. Conductive networks of ACB in polymer composites were seen by SEM. The results of electrical behavior study show that the polymer composites exhibit low percolation threshold and its electric conductivity is less affected by temperature due to unusual ACB distribution. Related mechanism is discussed.

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Kim, Jeong Guk, Sung Cheol Yoon, and Sung Tae Kwon. "Analysis of Fracture Behavior in Polymer Matrix Composites by Infrared Thermography." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.397.

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The tensile fracture behavior of polymer matrix composite materials was investigated with the aid of a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique. The materials, E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites, which are applicable to bogie materials in railway vehicles to reduce weight, were used for this investigation. In order to explain stress-strain behavior of polymer matrix composite sample, the infrared thermography technique was employed. A high-speed infrared (IR) camera was used for in-situ monitoring of progressive damages of polymer matrix composite samples during tensile testing. In this investigation, the IR thermography technique was used to facilitate a better understanding of damage evolution, fracture mechanism, and failure mode of polymer matrix composite materials during monotonic loadings.

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Yuan, Zheng, Robert Crouch, Jeff Wollschlager, and Jacob Fish. "Assessment of multiscale designer for fatigue life prediction of advanced composite aircraft structures." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 15 (August 17, 2016): 2131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316665163.

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Multiscale Designer, developed by Altair, has been studied for its suitability for fatigue life prediction of advanced composite aircraft structures made of polymer matrix composites. The extensive experimental data provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory have been utilized to characterize the linear, non-linear, monotonic, and cyclic loading properties of micro-constituents comprising the polymer matrix composite system. The characterized properties have been then utilized to predict fatigue life and residual strength and stiffness of the aerospace grade polymer matrix composites.

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Kala, Shiva Kumar, and Chennakesava Reddy Alavala. "Enhancement of Mechanical and Wear Behavior of ABS/Teflon Composites." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 9 (April 8, 2022): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3670.

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In the present investigations, Most of the engineering applications of metallic materials are replaced by polymeric based composite materials. Because of the low cost and accessible handling of polymer composite materials such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix materials are used to make the composites with additions of filler enhance the properties of the matrix materials. In the present study, ABS matrix material is used to make the composite materials by adding the Teflon materials. Investigations are carried out to find the enhancement of the composites' mechanical properties. Optimizing the process parameters is done to identify the composite's most optimum used to get composite with better mechanical properties. SEM analysis and wear Debris are investigated to study the microscopic surface nature and behavior of the composites.

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Bajić, Danica, Damjan Čekerevac, Milica Marjanović, Srđa Perković, Bojana Fidanovski, and Constança Rigueiro. "Selected technical ceramics as nanoreinforcement for polyvinyl butyral/epoxy polymer composites." Tribology and Materials 2, no. 2 (July 2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2023.008.

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In this study, various technical ceramics in the form of nanostructures, known for their exceptional mechanical properties and thermal resistance, were analysed as potential reinforcement of a polymer matrix system. A combined, hybrid composite matrix was considered, consisting of epoxy resin and polyvinyl butyral. The following nanostructures were incorporated into the polymer matrix by ultrasonication and solvent-casting technique: B4C, TiB2, CNT and INT-WS2. Polymer composites were prepared by solvent-casting of neat hybrid polymer matrix and polymer matrix reinforcing with each chosen individual nanostructure from a temporary solvent – ethanol. The characterisation of the obtained polymer composite samples encompassed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, hardness measurement and examination of resistance to cavitation wear.

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Vijay Kumar, Balaganesan, Lee, Neisiany, Surendran, and Ramakrishna. "A Review of Recent Advances in Nanoengineered Polymer Composites." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040644.

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This review paper initially summarizes the latest developments in impact testing on polymer matrix composites collating the various analytical, numerical, and experimental studies performed since the year 2000. Subsequently, the scientific literature investigating nanofiller reinforced polymer composite matrices as well as self-healing polymer matrix composites by incorporating core-shell nanofibers is reviewed in-depth to provide a perspective on some novel advances in nanotechnology that have led to composite developments. Through this review, researchers can gain a representative idea of the state of the art in nanotechnology for polymer matrix composite engineering, providing a platform for further study of this increasingly industrially significant material, and to address the challenges in developing the next generation of advanced, high-performance materials.

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Lesiak, Piotr, Karolina Bednarska, Krzysztof Małkowski, Łukasz Kozłowski, Anna Wróblewska, Piotr Sobotka, Kamil Dydek, et al. "UV Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Covered with Graphene Oxide Embedded in Composite Materials." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195468.

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Polymer–matrix composites degrade under the influence of UV radiation in the range of the 290–400 nm band. The degradation of polymer–matrix composites exposed to UV radiation is characterized by extensive aging of the epoxy matrix, resulting in deterioration of their mechanical properties. Glass fibers/epoxy resin composites were made by an out-of-autoclave method whereas a fiber optic sensor was placed between different layers of laminates. In our work, we used a fiber Bragg grating sensor covered with graphene oxide and embedded in a polymer matrix composite to monitor UV radiation intensity. Measurements of UV radiation may allow monitoring the aging process of individual components of the polymer composite. In order to estimate the number of microcracks of epoxy resin, microstructure observations were carried out using a scanning electron microscope.

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Shahbaz, Shah R., and Ömer B. Berkalp. "Effect of MWCNTs addition, on the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites, by reinforcement grafting and matrix modification." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718825317.

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Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary potential for the modification of reinforcements and matrices in fiber-reinforced polymer composites for enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, 12 fiber-reinforced polymer composites were produced with and without the addition of functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes using different stacking sequences of E-glass and carbon fabric reinforcements in simple and hybrid configurations. Carbon nanotubes were incorporated into the fiber-reinforced polymer components prior to composite fabrication by: (i) grafting on reinforcements, and (ii) matrix modification by carbon nanotubes. The grafting of carbon nanotubes exhibited a pronounced tensile behaviour with carbon-rich fiber-reinforced polymers, whereas carbon nanotube-modified matrix showed more enhanced flexural behaviour overall. Around 12% increase in tensile strength was observed when the carbon nanotubes were grafted on to the reinforcements compared to respective pristine composites, while around 70% increase in the flexural strength was noticed as compared to the respective pristine composties when carbon nanotube-modified matrix was used.

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Quadrini, Fabrizio. "Polymer Matrix Composites with Shape Memory Properties." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2509.

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Shape memory composites and structures were produced by using carbon fiber reinforced prepregs and a shape memory epoxy resin. The matrix of the prepregs was an epoxy resin as well but without remarkable shape memory properties. This way, two different technical solutions were adopted. Shape memory composite tubes and plates were made by adding a shape memory layer between two carbon fiber reinforced skins. An optimal adhesion between the different layers was achieved thanks to the compatibility of the prepreg matrix and the shape memory material. Shape memory composite structures were also produced by joining composite shells with shape memory foams. Mechanical, dynamic mechanical and shape recovery tests were carried out to show the properties of the composite materials and structures. Results confirm the ability of this class of materials to easily change their shape without affecting the mechanical stiffness of the recovered structures.

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Yu, Zhengwei, Zhenqing Wang, Hao Li, Jianxin Teng, and Lidan Xu. "Shape Memory Epoxy Polymer (SMEP) Composite Mechanical Properties Enhanced by Introducing Graphene Oxide (GO) into the Matrix." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071107.

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Shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) composite specimens with different graphene oxide (GO) contents were manufactured to study the effects of GO mass fractions on epoxy polymer composites. While ensuring the shape memory effect of SMEP, the addition of GO also remarkably strengthened the mechanical performance of the polymers. Analyses of the epoxy polymer composites’ thermal, mechanical, and shape memory performance were conducted through carrying out dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and static tensile, three-point bending, impact, and shape memory tests. Moreover, the tensile fracture, bending fracture, and impact fracture interfaces of epoxy resin composites were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The final test results indicated that when the GO content was 0.8 wt %, SMEP composites had good shape memory performance and optimum thermal and mechanical performance.

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Revankar, Suraj, N. R. Banapurmath, Ashok M. Sajjan, Vijayakumar Nimbagal, Arun Y. Patil, R. Venkatesh, M. A. Umarfarooq, Chandramouli Vadlamudi, and Sanjay Krishnappa. "Epoxy-poly lactic acid blended composites reinforced with carbon fibres for engineering applications." Materials Express 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2303.

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When it comes to sustainability, bio-derived materials are one of the most promising sources of polymers. They are easily accessible, affordable, and may result in a decrease in carbon emissions. The use of bio-based polymer composites lowers the dependence on petroleum-based polymers, leading to environmental degradation issues. Because of this epoxy-based composites are synthesized by combining the same with a biopolymer of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) in varied proportions from 20 to 50 wt.% of the holding matrix. Exhaustive tests are conducted to optimize PLA percentage in the epoxy matrix. Accordingly, composites are prepared with 80% epoxy resin and 20% PLA in terms of enhanced mechanical properties. Further, these composites are strengthened by reinforcing them with CFs in varied proportions. This research emphasizes the synthesis of composite with a matrix of 80% epoxy resin and 20% PLA reinforced with CFs at 0.2 and 0.3 wt.% of the holding matrix to test their potential as a feasible composite material for engineering applications. To understand the bonding nature, thermal, and microstructural behavior of the composite material, characteristic studies such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) images are used. Experimental results on the mechanical properties of the composites showed an increase in flexural strength by 7.62% and 3.56% for 0.2 and 0.3 wt.% of CFs reinforcements in the polymer matrix compared to pristine coupons. Simulation studies are done with ANSYS Workbench to validate the same with experimental readings and are found to be in close agreement with an error of 10–15%.

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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.

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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.

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Gnatowski, Adam, Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska, Rafał Gołębski, and Kamil Mirek. "Analysis of polymeric materials properties changes after addition of reinforcing fibers." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 2833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-02-2019-0107.

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Purpose The issues concerning the prediction of changes in properties of polymer materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers are currently widely discussed in the field of polymer material processing. This paper aims to present strengths and weaknesses of composites based on polymer materials strengthened with fibers. It touches upon composite cracking at the junction of a matrix and its reinforcement. It also discusses the analysis of changes in properties of chosen materials as a result of adding reinforcing fibers. The paper shows improvement in the strength of polymer materials with fiber addition, which is extremely important, because these types of composites are used in the aerospace, automotive and electrical engineering industries. Design/methodology/approach Comparing the properties of matrix strength with fiber properties is practically impossible. Thus, fiber tensile strength and composite tensile strength shall be compared (González et al., 2011): tensile (glass fiber GF) = 900 [MPa], elongation ΔL≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 66) = 70−90 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 3,5-18; tensile (polyamide 66 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 66 + 30% GF) = 190 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; yield point (polyamide 6) = 45-85 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] = 4-15; tensile (polyamide 6 + 15% GF) = 80-125 [MPa], elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0; tensile (polyamide 6 + 30% GF) = 95-130 [MPa] elongation Δ[%] ≈ 0. Comparison of properties of selected polymers and composites is presented in Tables 1−10 and Figures 1 and 2. The measurement methodology is presented in detail in the paper Kula et al. (2018). The increase in fiber content (to the extent discussed) leads to the increase in yield strength stresses and hardness. The value of yield strength for polyamide with the addition of fiberglass grows gradually with the increase in fiber content. The hardness of the composite of polyamide with glass balls increases together with the increase in reinforcement content. The changes of these values do not occur linearly. The increase in fiber content has a slight impact on density change (the increase of about 1 g/mm3 per 10 per cent). Findings The use of polymers as a matrix allows to give composites features such as: lightness, corrosion resistance, damping ability, good electrical insulation and thermal and easy shaping. Polymers used as a matrix perform the following functions in composites: give the desired shape to the products, allow transferring loads to fibers, shape thermal, chemical and flammable properties of composites and increase the possibilities of making composites. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the effect of searching for new construction materials. Glass fibers show tensile strength, stiffness and brittleness, while the polymer matrix has viscoelastic properties. Glass fibers have a uniform shape and dimensions. Fiber-reinforced composites are therefore used to increase strength and stiffness of materials. Polymers have low tensile strength, exhibit high deformability. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber have a high modulus of elasticity and therefore provide better the mechanical properties of the material. Composites with glass fibers do not exhibit deformations in front of cracking. An increase in the content of glass fiber in composites increases the tensile strength of the material. Polymers reinforced by glass fiber are currently one of the most important construction materials and are widely used in the aerospace, automotive and electro-technical industries. Originality/value The paper presents the test results for polyethylene composites with 25 per cent and 50 per cent filler coming from recycled car carpets of various car makes. The tests included using differential scanning calorimetry, testing material hardness, material tensile strength and their dynamic mechanical properties.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer matrix composites'

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