Journal articles: 'Polymer Hybrid Systems'

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DRZYCIMSKA, AGNIESZKA, and TADEUSZ SPYCHAJ. "Hybrid hydrophilic polymer/montmorillonite systems." Polimery 53, no. 05 (March 2008): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2008.169.

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Sun, Qi, Zhenzhen Yang, and Xianrong Qi. "Design and Application of Hybrid Polymer-Protein Systems in Cancer Therapy." Polymers 15, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092219.

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Polymer-protein systems have excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-irritating, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which makes them very appealing as cancer therapeutics agents. Inspiringly, they can achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs, greatly improving the effect of cancer therapy and reducing side effects. However, many challenges, such as reducing the toxicity of materials, protecting the activities of proteins and controlling the release of proteins, still need to be overcome. In this review, the design of hybrid polymer–protein systems, including the selection of polymers and the bonding forms of polymer–protein systems, is presented. Meanwhile, vital considerations, including reaction conditions and the release of proteins in the design process, are addressed. Then, hybrid polymer–protein systems developed in the past decades for cancer therapy, including targeted therapy, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy, are summarized. Furthermore, challenges for the hybrid polymer–protein systems in cancer therapy are exemplified, and the perspectives of the field are covered.

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Krywko-Cendrowska, Agata, Stefano di Leone, Maryame Bina, Saziye Yorulmaz-Avsar, Cornelia G. Palivan, and Wolfgang Meier. "Recent Advances in Hybrid Biomimetic Polymer-Based Films: from Assembly to Applications." Polymers 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051003.

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Biological membranes, in addition to being a cell boundary, can host a variety of proteins that are involved in different biological functions, including selective nutrient transport, signal transduction, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and cell-cell recognition. Due to their extreme complexity, there has been an increasing interest in developing model membrane systems of controlled properties based on combinations of polymers and different biomacromolecules, i.e., polymer-based hybrid films. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in the development and applications of hybrid biomimetic planar systems based on different polymeric species. We have focused in particular on hybrid films based on (i) polyelectrolytes, (ii) polymer brushes, as well as (iii) tethers and cushions formed from synthetic polymers, and (iv) block copolymers and their combinations with biomacromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, enzymes, biopolymers, and chosen nanoparticles. In this respect, multiple approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and processing of such hybrid films have been presented. The review has further exemplified their bioengineering, biomedical, and environmental applications, in dependence on the composition and properties of the respective hybrids. We believed that this comprehensive review would be of interest to both the specialists in the field of biomimicry as well as persons entering the field.

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Neilson, Robert H., Junmin Ji, Sridevi Narayan-Sarathy, Dennis W. Smith, and David A. Babb. "New Phosphorus-Fluorocarbon Hybrid Polymer Systems." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 144, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509908546222.

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Ophir, Amos, Lior Zonder, and Pablo F. Rios. "Thermodynamic characterization of hybrid polymer blend systems." Polymer Engineering & Science 49, no. 6 (June 2009): 1168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21364.

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Cao, Jie, Tao Song, Yuejun Zhu, Xiujun Wang, Shanshan Wang, Jingcheng Yu, Yin Ba, and Jian Zhang. "Aqueous hybrids of amino-functionalized nanosilica and acrylamide-based polymer for enhanced oil recovery." RSC Advances 8, no. 66 (2018): 38056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07076h.

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Goetzendorfer, Babette, Thomas Mohr, and Ralf Hellmann. "Hybrid Approaches for Selective Laser Sintering by Building on Dissimilar Materials." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 5285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225285.

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We introduced a new approach in selective laser sintering for hybrid multicomponent systems by fabricating the sintered polyamide 12 (PA12) part directly onto a similar (PA12) or dissimilar (polyamide 6 (PA6) and tool steel 1.2709) joining partner. Thus, the need for adhesive substances or joining pressure was completely circumvented, leading to the possibility of pure hybrid lightweight bi-polymer or metal–polymer systems. By taking advantage of the heating capabilities of the sinter laser regarding the substrate surface, different exposure strategies circumvented the lack of overlapping melting temperatures of dissimilar polymers. Therefore, even sintering on non-PA12 polymers was made possible. Finally, the transfer on metallic substrates—made up by selective laser melting (SLM)—was successfully performed, closing the gap between two powder-based additive processes, selective laser sintering (SLS) and SLM.

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Park, Jungyul, Jinseok Kim, Dukmoon Roh, Sukho Park, Byungkyu Kim, and Kukjin Chun. "Fabrication of complex 3D polymer structures for cell–polymer hybrid systems." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 16, no. 8 (July 3, 2006): 1614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/16/8/024.

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Amri, Nedjla, Djamila Ghemati, Nadia Bouguettaya, and Djamel Aliouche. "Swelling Kinetics and Rheological Behavior of Chitosan-PVA / Montmorillonite Hybrid Polymers." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 63, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.12227.

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This study involved preparation of hybrid polymer systems based on chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends and modified Montmorillonite. These structures were characterized through microscopy and infrared spectroscopy; swelling measurements were performed to explore polymer absorbency. The behavior of polymer systems was studied through steady and oscillatory shear rheology. Results showed that more stable blend membranes were formed due to the strong interaction between chitosan and PVA. The membranes exhibited appreciable water uptake and were sensitive to saline solution with a slight shrinking.Shear viscosity was described by Cross model to characterize non-Newtonian behavior of all polymer solutions, the shear thinning increases with PVA content, while viscosity increases with chitosan extent. In oscillatory experiments, it was observed that all measured viscoelastic properties were influenced by blends composition and clay content. For all samples, results show a typical behavior of an entangled system in the case of semi-dilute macromolecular viscoelastic fluids. The dynamic moduli exhibited higher values for blends, compared with values of neat polymers, which are an indication of a good stability and a tendency of gel formation. Therefore, the prepared chitosan-PVA systems, which exhibited high swelling degrees and suitable viscoelastic properties, have promising applications in tissue engineering and membrane processes.

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Forrest, B. M., and U. W. Suter. "Hybrid Monte Carlo simulations of dense polymer systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 101, no. 3 (August 1994): 2616–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467634.

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Ruether, Myles, Clinton A. Potts, John P. Davis, and Lindsay J. LeBlanc. "Polymer-loaded three dimensional microwave cavities for hybrid quantum systems." Journal of Physics Communications 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 121001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac3cff.

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Abstract Microwave cavity resonators are crucial components of many quantum technologies and are a promising platform for hybrid quantum systems, as their open architecture enables the integration of multiple subsystems inside the cavity volume. To suspend these subsystems within the centre of a cavity where field strengths are strong and uniform, auxiliary support structures are often required, but the effects of these structures on the microwave cavity mode are difficult to predict due to a lack of a priori knowledge of the materials’ response in the microwave regime. Understanding these effects becomes even more important when frequency matching is critical and tuning is limited, for example, when matching microwave modes to atomic resonances for atomic vapour cells inside enclosed microwave cavities. Here, we study the microwave cavity mode in the presence of three commonly-used machinable polymers, paying particular attention to the change in resonance and the dissipation of energy. We demonstrate how to use the derived dielectric coefficient for cavity design in a test case, wherein we match a polymer-filled 3D microwave cavity to a hyperfine transition in rubidium.

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Sonika, Sushil Kumar Verma, Siddhartha Samanta, Ankit Kumar Srivastava, Sonali Biswas, Rim M. Alsharabi, and Shailendra Rajput. "Conducting Polymer Nanocomposite for Energy Storage and Energy Harvesting Systems." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2266899.

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Conducting polymers (CPs) have received a lot of attention because of their unique advantages over popular materials, such as universal and tunable electrical conductivity, simple invention approach, high mechanical strength, low weight, low price, and ease of processing. Polymer nanocomposites have been enthusiastically explored as superlative energy generators for low-power-consuming electronic strategies and confirmed progressive surface area, electronic conductivity, and amazing electrochemical behaviour through expanding the opportunity of utilization. The hybridization of conducting polymer with inorganic hybrid and organic nanomaterials also resulted in multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with better capabilities in a variety of devices, including sensors, energy storage, energy harvesting, and defensive devices. The capability and assistance of modern advancements for the development of multifunctional nanomaterials/nanocomposites have been presented, as well as the approaches for producing nanostructured CPs. The mechanisms underlying their electrical conductivity, and ways for modifying their properties, are investigated. The ongoing research towards generating superior CP-based nanomaterials is also discussed. This assessment focuses on the important schemes involved in the scientific and industrial use of polymeric materials and nanocomposites intended for the scheme and manufacture of energy strategies such as solar cells, rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and energy cells, as well as the waiting problems and their prospects.

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Duskey, Jason Thomas, Cecilia Baraldi, Maria Cristina Gamberini, Ilaria Ottonelli, Federica Da Ros, Giovanni Tosi, Flavio Forni, Maria Angela Vandelli, and Barbara Ruozi. "Investigating Novel Syntheses of a Series of Unique Hybrid PLGA-Chitosan Polymers for Potential Therapeutic Delivery Applications." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040823.

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Discovering new materials to aid in the therapeutic delivery of drugs is in high demand. PLGA, a FDA approved polymer, is well known in the literature to form films or nanoparticles that can load, protect, and deliver drug molecules; however, its incompatibility with certain drugs (due to hydrophilicity or charge repulsion interactions) limits its use. Combining PLGA or other polymers such as polycaprolactone with other safe and positively-charged molecules, such as chitosan, has been sought after to make hybrid systems that are more flexible in terms of loading ability, but often the reactions for polymer coupling use harsh conditions, films, unpurified products, or create a single unoptimized product. In this work, we aimed to investigate possible innovative improvements regarding two synthetic procedures. Two methods were attempted and analytically compared using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) to furnish pure, homogenous, and tunable PLGA-chitosan hybrid polymers. These were fully characterized by analytical methods. A series of hybrids was produced that could be used to increase the suitability of PLGA with previously non-compatible drug molecules.

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Baek, Miri, and Soo-Jin Choi. "Effect of Orally Administered Glutathione-Montmorillonite Hybrid Systems on Tissue Distribution." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/469372.

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An ubiquitous tripeptide, glutathione (GSH), is assigned a role in detoxification, activation of immune system, intermediary metabolism, transport, and protection of cells against free radicals or reactive oxygen species. However, instability of orally administered GSH in gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to low absorption and low bioavailability in tissues. In this study, we attempted to synthesize GSH-montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid systems by intercalating GSH into the interlayers of a cationic clay delivery carrier, MMT, to improve GSH bioavailability at the systemic level. Polymer coating of the hybrid with polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) was further performed to obtain better stability. Synthetic condition of both GSH-MMT and AEA-GSH-MMT hybrids was optimized, and then GSH-delivery efficiency was evaluated in various organs after oral administration in normal as well as GSH-deficient mice. The present GSH-MMT hybrids remarkably enhanced GSH concentration in the plasma, heart, kidney, and liver, especially when AEA-GSH-MMT hybrid was administered under GSH-deficient condition. Moreover, both hybrids did not induce acute oral toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg, suggesting their great potential for pharmaceutical application.

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Plachá, Daniela, Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla, Kateřina Škrlová, Coro Echeverria, Alberto Chiloeches, Martin Petr, Khalid Lafdi, and Marta Fernández-García. "Antibacterial Character of Cationic Polymers Attached to Carbon-Based Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061218.

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The preparation of hybrid polymeric systems based on carbon derivatives with a cationic polymer is described. The polymer used is a copolymer of a quaternizable methacrylic monomer with another dopamine-based monomer capable of anchoring to carbon compounds. Graphene oxide and graphene as well as hybrid polymeric systems were widely characterized by infrared, Raman and photoemission X-ray spectroscopies, electron scanning microscopy, zeta potential and thermal degradation. These allowed confirming the attachment of copolymer onto carbonaceous materials. Besides, the antimicrobial activity of hybrid polymeric systems was tested against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The results showed the antibacterial character of these hybrid systems.

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Lebedev, E. V. "Hybrid organo–inorganic polymer systems: synthesis, structure, and properties." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 46, no. 6 (January 2011): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-011-9172-3.

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Dalmoro, Annalisa, Sabrina Bochicchio, Shamil F. Nasibullin, Paolo Bertoncin, Gaetano Lamberti, Anna Angela Barba, and Rouslan I. Moustafine. "Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles as enhanced indomethacin delivery systems." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 121 (August 2018): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.014.

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Arici, E., H. Hoppe, F. Schäffler, D. Meissner, M. A. Malik, and N. S. Sariciftci. "Morphology effects in nanocrystalline CuInSe2-conjugated polymer hybrid systems." Applied Physics A 79, no. 1 (June 2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-003-2503-z.

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Xu, Tian-Bing, and Ji Su. "Theoretical modeling of electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation systems." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 3 (February 2005): 034908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1844616.

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Yagci, Yusuf. "New photoinitiating systems designed for polymer/inorganic hybrid nanocoatings." Journal of Coatings Technology and Research 9, no. 2 (October 8, 2009): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11998-009-9219-8.

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Spatz, Joachim P., Thomas Herzog, Stefan Mößmer, Paul Ziemann, and Martin Möller. "Micellar Inorganic-Polymer Hybrid Systems—A Tool for Nanolithography." Advanced Materials 11, no. 2 (February 1999): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199902)11:2<149::aid-adma149>3.0.co;2-w.

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Carradò, Adele, Jacques Faerber, Sonja Niemeyer, Gerhard Ziegmann, and Heinz Palkowski. "Metal/polymer/metal hybrid systems: Towards potential formability applications." Composite Structures 93, no. 2 (January 2011): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.07.016.

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Ribeiro, Lígia N. M., Ana C. S. Alcântara, Gustavo H. Rodrigues da Silva, Michelle Franz-Montan, Silvia V. G. Nista, Simone R. Castro, Verônica M. Couto, Viviane A. Guilherme, and Eneida de Paula. "Advances in Hybrid Polymer-Based Materials for Sustained Drug Release." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1231464.

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The use of biomaterials composed of organic pristine components has been successfully described in several purposes, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown several advantages over traditional drug therapy, such as greater therapeutic efficacy, prolonged delivery profile, and reduced drug toxicity, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials. Despite that, there is no perfect delivery carrier, and issues such as undesirable viscosity and physicochemical stability or inability to efficiently encapsulate hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules still persist, limiting DDS applications. To overcome that, biohybrid systems, originating from the synergistic assembly of polymers and other organic materials such as proteins and lipids, have recently been described, yielding molecularly planned biohybrid systems that are able to optimize structures to easily interact with the targets. This work revised the biohybrid DDS clarifying their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in an attempt to contribute to further research of innovative and safe biohybrid polymer-based system as biomaterials for the sustained release of active molecules.

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Jain, Shweta, Mudit Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Jyoti Verma, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Kuldeep K. Bansal, and Ankur Vaidya. "Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanosystems: A Rational Fusion for Advanced Therapeutic Delivery." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 14, no. 9 (August 23, 2023): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090437.

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Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are spherical vesicles composed of ionizable lipids that are neutral at physiological pH. Despite their benefits, unmodified LNP drug delivery systems have substantial drawbacks, including a lack of targeted selectivity, a short blood circulation period, and in vivo instability. lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are the next generation of nanoparticles, having the combined benefits of polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes. LPHNPs are being prepared from both natural and synthetic polymers with various techniques, including one- or two-step methods, emulsification solvent evaporation (ESE) method, and the nanoprecipitation method. Varieties of LPHNPs, including monolithic hybrid nanoparticles, core–shell nanoparticles, hollow core–shell nanoparticles, biomimetic lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and polymer-caged liposomes, have been investigated for various drug delivery applications. However, core–shell nanoparticles having a polymeric core surrounded by a highly biocompatible lipid shell are the most commonly explored LPHNPs for the treatment of various diseases. In this review, we will shed light on the composition, methods of preparation, classification, surface functionalization, release mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, patents, and clinical trials of LPHNPs, with an emphasis on core–shell-structured LPHNPs.

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Zaharescu, Traian, and Marius Mariş. "Irradiation Effects in Polymer Composites for Their Conversion into Hybrids." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6040109.

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In this paper several aspects of profound modifications caused by high energy exposures are presented as possible candidates for the efficient adjusting processing of polymer materials. The class of hybrid composites receives special attention due to the large spectrum of formulations, where the interphase interaction decisively influences the material properties. They represent potential start points for the intimate uniformity of hybrid morphologies. Their radiation processing turns composites onto hybrid morphology with expected features, because the transferred energy is spent for the modification of components and for their compatibility. The essential changes achieved in radiation processed composites explain the new material behavior and durability based on the peculiar restructuring of polymer molecules that occurred in the polymer phase. During high energy irradiation, the interaction between intermediates born in the constitutive phases may convert the primary composites into hybrids, integrating them into large applicability spheres. During the radiation exposure, the resulting hybrids gain a continuous dispersion by means of new chemical bonds. This type of compounds achieves some specific structural modifications in the polymer phase, becoming stable hybrid composites. The functional properties of hybrids definitely influence the material behavior due to the molecular changes based on the structural reasons. The radiolysis of the vulnerable component becomes an appropriate opportunity for the creation of new material with improved stability. The radiation treatment is a proper conversion procedure by which common mixtures may become continuously reorganized. This review presents several examples for the radiation modifications induced by radiation exposure that allow the compatibilization and binding of components as well as the creation of new structures with improved properties. This approach provides the reference patterns for the extension of radiation processing over the well-conducted adjustments of polymer composites, when certain material features are compulsorily required. From this review, several solutions for the adjustment of regular polymer composites into hybrid systems may become conceivable by the extended radiation processing.

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Jeong, Jae, Hye Hwang, Dalsu Choi, Byung Ma, Jaehan Jung, and Mincheol Chang. "Hybrid Polymer/Metal Oxide Thin Films for High Performance, Flexible Transistors." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030264.

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Metal oxides (MOs) have garnered significant attention in a variety of research fields, particularly in flexible electronics such as wearable devices, due to their superior electronic properties. Meanwhile, polymers exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as flexibility and durability, besides enabling economic solution-based fabrication. Therefore, MO/polymer nanocomposites are excellent electronic materials for use in flexible electronics owing to the confluence of the merits of their components. In this article, we review recent developments in the synthesis and fabrication techniques for MO/polymer nanocomposite-based flexible transistors. In particular, representative MO/polymer nanocomposites for flexible and transparent channel layers and gate dielectrics are introduced and their electronic properties—such as mobilities and dielectric constant—are presented. Finally, we highlight the advances in interface engineering and its influence on device electronics.

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Carradò, Adele, Olga Sokolova, Gerhard Ziegmann, and Heinz Palkowski. "Press Joining Rolling Process for Hybrid Systems." Key Engineering Materials 425 (January 2010): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.425.271.

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The press joining rolling process used for the production of metal/polymer/metal systems is introduced. In the first step three-layer sandwich sheet, 316L/polypropylene- polyethylene/316L (316L/PP-PE/316L) with and without local reinforcement, were processed by roll bonding at approx. 250°C of two steel sheets with a pre-rolled PP-PE - core sheet. Mechanical and forming behaviour of the parts had been investigated by tensile, bending and deep drawing tests. It could be shown that for moderate drawing depths deep drawing behaviour is close to the one of the mono-material.

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He, Yong Tai, Li Hui Liu, Yan Qiu Li, and Lei Wang. "A High-Efficiency Energy Storage Scheme of Solar Micro-Power Systems." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.74.

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In self-power sensor nodes, the capability of energy harvesting and storing of the solar micro-power system determines their lifetime and adaptability to the environment. As a load of solar cells, energy storage devices directly influence the output conversion efficiency of solar cells and output power of solar micro-power system. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of NiCD batteries, NiMH batteries, Polymer Lithium-ion batteries and Super-capacitors are analyzed based on features of the solar micro-power system. A hybrid storage system combined with Polymer Lithium-ion batteries and the super-capacitors is designed. Experimental results show that the power density of hybrid storage system is larger than that of Polymer Lithium-ion batteries. The capability of pulsing load is improved over 60%, and the energy storage loss is reduced.

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Pandele, Andreea Madalina, Corina Andronescu, Adi Ghebaur, Sorina Alexandra Garea, and Horia Iovu. "New Biocompatible Mesoporous Silica/Polysaccharide Hybrid Materials as Possible Drug Delivery Systems." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010015.

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A high number of studies support the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) as carriers for drug delivery systems due to its high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, its large surface area, controlled pore size and, more than this, its good excretion capacity from the body. In this work we attempt to establish the optimal encapsulation parameters of benzalkonium chloride (BZC) into MSN and further study its drug release. The influence of different parameters towards the drug loading in MSN such as pH, contact time and temperature were considered. The adsorption mechanism of the drug has been determined by using the equilibrium data. The modification process was proved using several methods such as Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Since MSN shows a lower drug release amount due to the agglomeration tendency, in order to increase MSN dispersion and drug release amount from MSN, two common biocompatible and biodegradable polymers were used as polymer matrix in which the MSN-BZC can be dispersed. The drug release profile of the MSN-BZC and of the synthesized hybrid materials were studied both in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Polymer-MSN-BZC hybrid materials exhibit a higher drug release percent than the pure MSN-BZC when a higher dispersion is achieved. The dispersion of MSN into the hybrid materials was pointed out in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The release mechanism was determined using four mathematic models including first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas and Weibull.

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Foran, Gabrielle, Nina Verdier, David Lepage, Cédric Malveau, Nicolas Dupré, and Mickaël Dollé. "Use of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Molecular Structure and Dynamics in Solid Polymer and Hybrid Electrolytes." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081207.

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Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is an established experimental technique which is used for the characterization of structural and dynamic properties of materials in their native state. Many types of solid-state NMR experiments have been used to characterize both lithium-based and sodium-based solid polymer and polymer–ceramic hybrid electrolyte materials. This review describes several solid-state NMR experiments that are commonly employed in the analysis of these systems: pulse field gradient NMR, electrophoretic NMR, variable temperature T1 relaxation, T2 relaxation and linewidth analysis, exchange spectroscopy, cross polarization, Rotational Echo Double Resonance, and isotope enrichment. In this review, each technique is introduced with a short description of the pulse sequence, and examples of experiments that have been performed in real solid-state polymer and/or hybrid electrolyte systems are provided. The results and conclusions of these experiments are discussed to inform readers of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique when applied to polymer and hybrid electrolyte systems. It is anticipated that this review may be used to aid in the selection of solid-state NMR experiments for the analysis of these systems.

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Suvarli, Narmin, Max Frentzel, Jürgen Hubbuch, Iris Perner-Nochta, and Michael Wörner. "Synthesis of Spherical Nanoparticle Hybrids via Aerosol Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization and Their Bioconjugation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030577.

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Hybrid nanomaterials possess the properties of both organic and inorganic components and find applications in various fields of research and technology. In this study, aerosol photopolymerization is used in combination with thiol-ene chemistry to produce silver poly(thio-ether) hybrid nanospheres. In aerosol photopolymerization, a spray solution of monomers is atomized, forming a droplet aerosol, which then polymerizes, producing spherical polymer nanoparticles. To produce silver poly(thio-ether) hybrids, silver nanoparticles were introduced to the spray solution. Diverse methods of stabilization were used to produce stable dispersions of silver nanoparticles to prevent their agglomeration before the photopolymerization process. Successfully stabilized silver nanoparticle dispersion in the spray solution subsequently formed nanocomposites with non-agglomerated silver nanoparticles inside the polymer matrix. Nanocomposite particles were analyzed via scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the degree of agglomeration of silver nanoparticles and their location inside the polymer spheres. The nanoparticle hybrids were then introduced onto various biofunctionalization reactions. A two-step bioconjugation process was developed involving the hybrid nanoparticles: (1) conjugation of (biotin)-maleimide to thiol-groups on the polymer network of the hybrids, and (2) biotin-streptavidin binding. The biofunctionalization with gold-nanoparticle-conjugates was carried out to confirm the reactivity of -SH groups on each conjugation step. Fluorescence-labeled biomolecules were conjugated to the spherical nanoparticle hybrids (applying the two-step bioconjugation process) verified by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy. The presented research offers an effective method of synthesis of smart systems that can further be used in biosensors and various other biomedical applications.

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Giliopoulos, Dimitrios, Alexandra Zamboulis, Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Dimitrios Bikiaris, and Konstantinos Triantafyllidis. "Polymer/Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications." Molecules 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010185.

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The utilization of polymer/metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications has been widely studied due to their unique properties that arise from MOFs or hybrid composite systems. This review focuses on the types of polymer/MOF nanocomposites used in drug delivery and imaging applications. Initially, a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis and structure of MOFs and bio-MOFs is presented. Subsequently, the properties and the performance of polymer/MOF nanocomposites used in these applications are examined, in relation to the approach applied for their synthesis: (i) non-covalent attachment, (ii) covalent attachment, (iii) polymer coordination to metal ions, (iv) MOF encapsulation in polymers, and (v) other strategies. A critical comparison and discussion of the effectiveness of polymer/MOF nanocomposites regarding their synthesis methods and their structural characteristics is presented.

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Sapiai, Napisah, Aidah Jumahat, Mohammad Jawaid, Mohamad Midani, and Anish Khan. "Tensile and Flexural Properties of Silica Nanoparticles Modified Unidirectional Kenaf and Hybrid Glass/Kenaf Epoxy Composites." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112733.

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This paper investigates the influence of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of a unidirectional (UD) kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP) and hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer (GKFRP) composites. In this study, three different nanosilica loadings, i.e., 5, 13 and 25 wt %, and untreated kenaf fiber yarns were used. The untreated long kenaf fiber yarn was wound onto metal frames to produce UD kenaf dry mat layers. The silane-surface-treated nanosilica was initially dispersed into epoxy resin using a high-vacuum mechanical stirrer before being incorporated into the UD untreated kenaf and hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber layers. Eight different composite systems were made, namely KFRP, 5 wt % nanosilica in UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (5NS-KFRP), 13% nanosilica in UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (13NS-KFRP), 25 wt % nanosilica in UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (25NS-KFRP), GKFRP, 5 wt % nanosilica in hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (5NS-GKFRP), 13 wt % nanosilica in hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (13NS-GKFRP) and 25 wt % nanosilica in hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fiber reinforced polymer composites (25NS-GKFRP). All composite systems were tested in tension and bending in accordance with ASTM standards D3039 and D7264, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that the incorporation of homogeneously dispersed nanosilica significantly improved the tensile and flexural properties of KFRP and hybrid GKFRP composites even at the highest loading of 25 wt % nanosilica. Based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the fractured surfaces, it is suggested that the silane-treated nanosilica exhibits good interactions with epoxy and the kenaf and glass fibers. Therefore, the presence of nanosilica in an epoxy polymer contributes to a stiffer matrix that, effectively, enhances the capability of transferring a load to the fibers. Thus, this supports greater loads and improves the mechanical properties of the kenaf and hybrid composites.

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Baehr-Jones, Tom W., and Michael J. Hochberg. "Polymer Silicon Hybrid Systems: A Platform for Practical Nonlinear Optics." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112, no. 21 (April 18, 2008): 8085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp7118444.

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Chaudhary, Zanib, Naveed Ahmed, Asim .ur.Rehman, and Gul Majid Khan. "Lipid polymer hybrid carrier systems for cancer targeting: A review." International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials 67, no. 2 (August 22, 2017): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914037.2017.1300900.

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Grigoras, Anca Giorgiana. "Polymer-lipid hybrid systems used as carriers for insulin delivery." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 13, no. 8 (November 2017): 2425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.005.

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Milano, Giuseppe, and Toshihiro Kawakatsu. "Hybrid particle-field molecular dynamics simulations for dense polymer systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 21 (June 7, 2009): 214106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3142103.

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Sinkó, Katalin, Kornél Fél, and Miklós Zrínyi. "Preparation possibilities of aluminum and silicon-containing hybrid polymer systems." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 14, no. 11-12 (November 2003): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.394.

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Costa, Beatriz, Maria de Silva, César Ricardo Tarley, Emerson Ribeiro, and Mariana Segatelli. "Influence of polymer synthesis route and organic fraction content on structure and porosity of silicon oxycarbide ceramics." Processing and Application of Ceramics 17, no. 2 (2023): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2302118c.

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This paper describes the structural and textural characteristics of silicon oxycarbide ceramics obtained from three different hybrid polymers by varying pyrolysis temperature. The first polymer was prepared by hydrosilylation between poly(hydromethylsiloxane) and divinylbenzene in stoichiometric proportions; the second was similarly obtained, but with excess of divinylbenzene (60 wt.%) and the third was also synthesized with 60 wt.% divinylbenzene, involving simultaneously hydrosilylation and radical reactions. Precursors were pyrolysed under argon at 1000, 1200 and 1500?C to produce silicon oxycarbide-based ceramics. Silicon carbide phase development and devitrification resistance were influenced by the disordered and ordered residual carbon fraction, which was directly related to the polymer structure. High specific surface area and pore volume values were obtained in C-richer ceramics at 1500?C derived from poly(divinylbenzene) network-containing precursor. Silicon oxycarbide matrices, derived from hybrid polymers containing graphitic carbon and silicon carbide phases together with different amount of porosity, revealed desirable features for electrochemical applications and adsorbent systems.

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Czech, Kamil, Mariusz Oleksy, Rafał Oliwa, and Aleksandra Domańska. "Hybrid polymer composites with enhanced energy absorption." Polimery 67, no. 11-12 (December 27, 2022): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2022.11.2.

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This paper presents the influence of the type and structure of reinforcement, on the epoxy resin matrix polymer composites mechanical and ballistic properties. Aramid, basalt, glass fabrics and their hybrid systems were used as reinforcement. Impact strength according to Izod and "falling arrowhead", flexural strength and structure of the obtained composites were tested. The specific gravity was also determined. The aramid-glass hybrid composites showed high flexural strength (397 MPa) and Young's modulus (21 GPa). However, aramid-basalt composites had high impact strength (116 kJ/m2) and impact energy absorption (45 J).

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ZANCHETTIN, CLEBER, and TERESA B. LUDERMIR. "HYBRID NEURAL SYSTEMS FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION IN ARTIFICIAL NOSES." International Journal of Neural Systems 15, no. 01n02 (February 2005): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065705000141.

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This work examines the use of Hybrid Intelligent Systems in the pattern recognition system of an artificial nose. The connectionist approaches Multi-Layer Perceptron and Time Delay Neural Networks, and the hybrid approaches Feature-Weighted Detector and Evolving Neural Fuzzy Networks were investigated. A Wavelet Filter is evaluated as a preprocessing method for odor signals. The signals generated by an artificial nose were composed by an array of conducting polymer sensors and exposed to two different odor databases.

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Siewert, Christian D., Heinrich Haas, Vera Cornet, Sara S. Nogueira, Thomas Nawroth, Lukas Uebbing, Antje Ziller, et al. "Hybrid Biopolymer and Lipid Nanoparticles with Improved Transfection Efficacy for mRNA." Cells 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9092034.

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Hybrid nanoparticles from lipidic and polymeric components were assembled to serve as vehicles for the transfection of messenger RNA (mRNA) using different portions of the cationic lipid DOTAP (1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane) and the cationic biopolymer protamine as model systems. Two different sequential assembly approaches in comparison with a direct single-step protocol were applied, and molecular organization in correlation with biological activity of the resulting nanoparticle systems was investigated. Differences in the structure of the nanoparticles were revealed by thorough physicochemical characterization including small angle neutron scattering (SANS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). All hybrid systems, combining lipid and polymer, displayed significantly increased transfection in comparison to lipid/mRNA and polymer/mRNA particles alone. For the hybrid nanoparticles, characteristic differences regarding the internal organization, release characteristics, and activity were determined depending on the assembly route. The systems with the highest transfection efficacy were characterized by a heterogenous internal organization, accompanied by facilitated release. Such a system could be best obtained by the single step protocol, starting with a lipid and polymer mixture for nanoparticle formation.

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Cornwell, Daniel J., and David K. Smith. "Photo-patterned multi-domain multi-component hybrid hydrogels." Chemical Communications 56, no. 51 (2020): 7029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03004j.

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Jadhav, Sushilkumar A., and Dominique Scalarone. "Thermoresponsive Polymer Grafted Porous Silicas as Smart Nanocarriers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 7 (2018): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18229.

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Porous silica particles grafted with various stimuli-responsive polymers are investigated with great interest for their use as smart pharmaceutical nanocarriers in advanced drug delivery systems (DDS). In particular, porous silica particles grafted with thermoresponsive polymers that exhibit thermally triggered on/off gating mechanisms have shown improved performance as hybrid DDS capable of controlling the release of different drugs in various mediums which resemble complex biological environments. In addition, the tuning of the drug release profiles as per requirements has proved possible with modifications to the porous core and the grafted thermoresponsive polymers. This highlight presents a brief discussion of basic preparation techniques and some recent significant developments in the field of thermoresponsive polymer grafted porous silica particles as smart pharmaceutical nanocarriers.

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Tkachenko, Anton, Pavlo Virych, Valeriy Myasoyedov, Volodymyr Prokopiuk, Anatolii Onishchenko, Dmytro Butov, Yuliia Kuziv, et al. "Cytotoxicity of Hybrid Noble Metal-Polymer Composites." BioMed Research International 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1487024.

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The aim of the present research was to assess the cytotoxicity of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized into dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) polymer nanocarrier, which were used as a basis for further preparation of multicomponent nanocomposites revealed high efficacy for antitumor therapy. The evaluation of the influence of Me-polymer systems on the viability and metabolic activity of fibroblasts and eryptosis elucidating the mechanisms of the proeryptotic effects has been done in the current research. The nanocomposites investigated in this study did not reduce the survival of fibroblasts even at the highest used concentration. Our findings suggest that hybrid Ag/D-PAA composite activated eryptosis via ROS- and Ca2+-mediated pathways at the low concentration, in contrast to other studied materials. Thus, the cytotoxicity of Ag/D-PAA composite against erythrocytes was more pronounced compared with D-PAA and hybrid Au/polymer composite. Eryptosis is a more sensitive tool for assessing the biocompatibility of nanomaterials compared with fibroblast viability assays.

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Lorenzo, Arnaldo T., Ramakrishna Ponnapati, Tirtha Chatterjee, and Ramanan Krishnamoorti. "Structural characterization of aqueous solution poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles." Faraday Discussions 186 (2016): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00137d.

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The structure of aqueous dispersions of poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) monomethyl methacrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles was characterized using contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering studies. Modeling the low hybrid concentration dispersion scattering data using a fuzzy sphere and a polydisperse core–shell model, demonstrated that the polymer chains are highly swollen in the dispersions as compared to the dimensions of the free polymer chains in dilute solution. At higher hybrid concentrations, the dispersions were well described using a Percus–Yevick approximation to describe the structure factor. These structural characterization tools are excellent starting points for effective molecular level descriptors of dewetting and macroscopic phase transitions for polymer tethered hybrid nanoparticle systems.

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Nowacka, Magdalena, Łukasz Klapiszewski, Małgorzata Norman, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Dispersive evaluation and surface chemistry of advanced, multifunctional silica/lignin hybrid biomaterials." Open Chemistry 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 1860–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0322-4.

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AbstractAdvanced silica/lignin hybrid biomaterials were obtained using hydrated or fumed silicas (Aerosil®200) and Kraft lignin as precursors, which is a cheap and biodegradable natural polymer. To extend the possible range of applications, the silicas were first modified with N-2-(aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxsysilane, and then with Kraft lignin, which had been oxidized with sodium periodate. The SiO2/lignin hybrids and precursors were characterised by means of determination of their physicochemical and dispersive-morphological properties. The effectiveness of silica binding to lignin was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The zeta potential value provides relevant information regarding interactions between colloid particles. Measurement of the zeta potential values enabled an indirect assessment of stability for the studied hybrid systems. Determination of zeta potential and density of surface charge also permitted the quantitative analysis of changes in surface charge, and indirectly confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for synthesis of SiO2/lignin hybrid materials. A particularly attractive feature for practical use is their stability, especially electrokinetic stability. It is expected that silica/lignin hybrids will find a wide range of applications (polymer fillers, biosorbents, electrochemical sensors), as they combine the unique properties of silica with the specific structural features of lignin. This makes these hybrids biomaterials advanced and multifunctional.

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Wu, Yinghui, Dong Wang, Jinyuan Liu, Houzhi Cai, and Yueqiang Zhang. "Atomic Force Microscope Study of Ag-Conduct Polymer Hybrid Films: Evidence for Light-Induced Charge Separation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091819.

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Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) are used to study the microscopic processes of the photo-induced charge separation at the interface of Ag and conductive polymers, i.e., poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-bʹ]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). They are also widely used in order to directly observe the charge distribution and dynamic changes at the interfaces in nanostructures, owing to their high sensitivity. Using SKPM, it is proved that the charge of the photo-induced polymer PCPDTBT is transferred to Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The surface charge of the Ag-induced NPs is quantified while using EFM, and it is determined that the charge is injected into the polymer P3HT from the Ag NPs. We expect that this technology will provide guidance to facilitate the separation and transfer of the interfacial charges in the composite material systems and it will be applicable to various photovoltaic material systems.

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Song, Ping, Hui Cao, Feifei Wang, Mujtaba Ellahi, and Huai Yang. "Study of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal systems using epoxies / acrylates as hybrid polymer matrix components." Liquid Crystals 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2012.686639.

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Salimian, S., A. Zadhoush, and A. Mohammadi. "A review on new mesostructured composite materials: Part II. Characterization and properties of polymer–mesoporous silica nanocomposite." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 11 (March 26, 2018): 738–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418760205.

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Hybrid inorganic–organic materials are promising systems for a variety of applications due to their extraordinary properties with intricate composite architectures composed of nanoscale inorganic moieties with organic polymers synergistically intertwined to provide both useful functionality and mechanical integrity. These materials have a high potential for future applications and therefore attract considerable interest in polymer science research during the last years. Among the various explored inorganic nanostructures, the mesoporous silica has been considered as a fascinating material to construct novel ordered and well-dispersed nanocomposites due to their high surface areas, periodic and size-controllable pore channels. This review is written with the intention to give an overview of the characterization and material properties of polymer–mesoporous silica nanocomposites. Among polymer–mesoporous silica composites, various categories including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, epoxy, rubber, and acrylate polymer were discussed in detail.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer Hybrid Systems'

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