Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer fluid

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer fluid'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Liang, Feng, Ghaithan Al-Muntasheri, Hooisweng Ow, and Jason Cox. "Reduced-Polymer-Loading, High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids by Use of Nanocrosslinkers." SPE Journal 22, no. 02 (October 5, 2016): 622–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/177469-pa.

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Summary In the quest to discover more natural-gas resources, considerable attention has been devoted to finding and extracting gas locked within tight formations with permeability in the nano- to microdarcy range. The main challenges associated with working in such formations are the intrinsically high-temperature and high-pressure bottom conditions. For formations with bottomhole temperatures at approximately 350–400°F, traditional hydraulic-fracturing fluids that use crosslinked polysaccharide gels, such as guar and its derivatives, are not suitable because of significant polymer breakdown in this temperature range. Fracturing fluids that can work at these temperatures require thermally stable synthetic polymers such as acrylamide-based polymers. However, such polymers have to be used at very-high concentrations to suspend proppants. The high-polymer concentrations make it very difficult to completely degrade at the end of a fracturing operation. As a consequence, formation damage by polymer residue can reduce formation conductivity to gas flow. This paper addresses the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art high-temperature fracturing fluids and focuses on developing a less-damaging, high-temperature-stable fluid that can be used at temperatures up to 400°F. A laboratory study was conducted with this novel system, which comprises a synthetic acrylamide-based copolymer gelling agent and is capable of being crosslinked with an amine-containing polymer-coated nanosized particulate crosslinker (nanocrosslinker). The laboratory data have demonstrated that the temperature stability of the crosslinked fluid is much better than that of a similar fluid lacking the nanocrosslinker. The nanocrosslinker allows the novel fluid system to operate at significantly lower polymer concentrations (25–45 lbm/1,000 gal) compared with current commercial fluid systems (50–87 lbm/1,000 gal) designed for temperatures from 350 to 400°F. This paper presents results from rheological studies that demonstrate superior crosslinking performance and thermal stability in this temperature range. This fracturing-fluid system has sufficient proppant-carrying viscosity, and allows for efficient cleanup by use of an oxidizer-type breaker. Low polymer loading and little or no polymer residue are anticipated to facilitate efficient cleanup, reduced formation damage, better fluid conductivity, and enhanced production rates. Laboratory results from proppant-pack regained-conductivity tests are also presented.
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Cao, Xiao Chun, Yi Qin, Yan Na Zhao, and Kun Ke. "Basic Performance Research of Polymer Intercalation Clay." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.183.

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Using the preliminary research of the polymer properties, the different between the physical and chemical properties of new polymer-clays nanometer composites and clay have been studied. Different polymers are used to evaluate experiment. Based on a large number of lab experiments, the changes of rheological property and API filtration property of polymer-clay drilling fluids nanometer composites are studied. The results show that clay particles could become smaller and the composites drilling fluid have the role of controlling loss and enhancing cake quality. The prepared composites could be used to solve the technical problems in drilling fluid.
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Dery Nagre, Robert, Lin Zhao, and Isaac Kwesi Frimpong. "Polymer-FLR for Mud Fluid Loss Reduction." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.01.079.

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Boyer, Séverine A. E., Takeshi Yamada, Hirohisa Yoshida, and Jean-Pierre E. Grolier. "Modification of molecular organization of polymers by gas sorption: Thermodynamic aspects and industrial applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 9 (August 19, 2009): 1603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-11-09.

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In polymer science, gas–polymer interactions play a central role for the development of new polymeric structures for specific applications. This is typically the case for polymer foaming and for self-assembling of nanoscale structures where the nature of the gas and the thermodynamic conditions are essential to control. An important applied field where gas sorption in polymers has to be documented through intensive investigations concerns the (non)-controlled solubilization of light gases in the polymers serving, for example, in the oil industry for the transport of petroleum fluids. An experimental set-up coupling a vibrating-wire (VW) detector and a pVT technique has been used to simultaneously evaluate the amount of gas entering a polymer under controlled temperature and pressure and the concomitant swelling of the polymer. Scanning transitiometry has been used to determine the interaction energy during gas sorption in different polymers; the technique was also used to determine the thermophysical properties of polymers submitted to gas sorption. The role of the pressurizing fluid has been documented in terms of the influence of pressure, temperature, and nature of the fluid.
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LaGrone, C. C., S. A. Baumgartner, and R. A. Woodroof. "Chemical Evolution of a High- Temperature Fracturing Fluid." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 05 (October 1, 1985): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11794-pa.

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Abstract Reservoirs with bottomhole temperatures (BHT's) in excess of 250 deg. F [121 deg. C] and permeabilities of less than 1.0 md are commonly encountered in drilling and completing geothermal and deep gas wells. Successful stimulation of these wells often requires the use of massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) treatments. Fracturing fluids chosen for these large treatments must possess shear and thermal stability at high BHT'S. The use of conventional fracturing fluids has been limited traditionally to wells with BHT's of 250 deg. F [121 deg. C] or less. Above 250 deg. F [121 deg. C], high polymer concentrations and/or large fluid volumes are required to maintain effective fluid viscosities in the fracture. However, high polymer concentrations lead to high friction pressures, high costs, and high gel residue levels. The large fluid volumes also increase significantly the cost of the treatment. Greater understanding of fracturing fluid properties has led to the development of a crosslinked fracturing fluid designed specifically for wells with BHT's above 250 deg F [121 deg C). The specialized chemistry of this fluid combines a high-ph hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) solution with a high-temperature gel stabilizer and a proprietary crosslinker. The fluid remains stable at 250 to proprietary crosslinker. The fluid remains stable at 250 to 350 deg. F [121 to 177 deg. C] for extended periods of time under shear. This paper describes the rheologial evaluations used in the systematic development of this fracturing fluid. In field applications, this fracturing fluid has been used to stimulate successfully wells with BHT's ranging from 250 to 540 deg. F [121 to 282 deg C). Case histories that include pretreatment and posttreatment production data are presented. Introduction Temperatures exceeding 250 deg F [121 deg C) and permeabilities less than 1.0 md are frequently encountered in permeabilities less than 1.0 md are frequently encountered in deep gas and geothermal wells. Successful economic completion of these wells requires that long, conductive fractures with optimal proppant distribution be created. Ultimately, the amount of production from these formations depends on the propped fracture length created. One successful stimulation technique used to create these long fractures is MHF. In these treatments, the fracturing fluids are often exposed to shear in the fracture for prolonged periods of time at high temperatures. Thus the fracturing fluids must exhibit extended shear and thermal stability at the high BHT'S. In addition, the fracturing fluid must not leak off rapidly into the formation, or the fracture may not be extended to the desired length. Many early treatments were limited by fracturing fluids that lost viscosity rapidly at high BHT's because of excessive thermal and/or shear degradation. Creation of a narrow fracture width, excessive fluid loss to the formation, and insufficient proppant transport resulted from the use of these low viscosity fluids. The solution to conventional fracturing fluid deficiencies was to develop a more efficient fracturing fluid (low polymer concentrations) with greater viscosity retention under shear at high temperatures, better fluid-loss control, and lower friction pressures. Generally, the components that make up crosslinked fracturing fluids include a polymer, buffer, gel stabilizer, and crosslinker. Each of these components is critical to the development of the desired fracturing fluid properties. The role of polymers in fracturing fluids is to properties. The role of polymers in fracturing fluids is to provide fracture width, to suspend proppants, to help provide fracture width, to suspend proppants, to help control fluid loss to the formation, and to reduce friction pressure in the tubular goods. Guar gum and cellulosic pressure in the tubular goods. Guar gum and cellulosic derivatives are the most common types of polymers used in fracturing fluids. The cellulosic derivatives are residue-free and thus help minimize fracturing fluid damage to the formation. However, the cellulosic derivatives are difficult to disperse because of their rapid rate of hydration. Guar gum and its derivatives are easily dispersed but produce some residue when broken. Buffers are used in conjunction with polymers so that the optimal pH for polymer hydration can be attained. When the optimal pH is reached, the maximal viscosity yield from the polymer is more likely to be obtained. The most common example of fracturing fluid buffers is a weak-acid/weak-base blend, whose ratios can be adjusted to that the desired ph is reached. However, some of these buffers dissolve slowly, particularly at cooler temperatures. Gel stabilizers are added to polymer solutions to inhibit chemical degradation. Examples of gel stabilizers used in fracturing fluids include methanol and various inorganic sulfur compounds. Other stabilizers are useful in inhibiting the chemical degradation process, but many interfere with the mechanism of crosslinking. The sulfur containing stabilizers possess an advantage over methanol, which is flammable, toxic, and expensive. SPEJ P. 623
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Lu, Hongwei, and Jiankang Wang. "Current Research and Patents of Polymer Foaming." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797613666200320100642.

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Background: Since the rapid development of polymers in the 1920’s, polymer products have become a necessary part of people's lives. Supercritical fluid technology was gradually introduced in this field. With the emergence of new technologies, methods, and equipment, the supercritical fluid technology has rapidly developed in the field of polymers and displayed a broad application perspective. Objective: The research progress of supercritical fluid-assisted polymer foaming, including equipment improvement, polymer composition ratio, and foaming process, and the influence of these processes on polymer foaming materials is reviewed here. Methods: Patents and research progress of supercritical fluid assisted polymer foams were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various patents are analyzed in terms of cell structure, mechanical properties, surface quality, processing performance, and cost. Results: The foaming equipment and the manufacturing process of polymer foaming materials were retrospected, in order to improve the quality and application prospect of foaming composites. Conclusion: The preparation technology of supercritical fluid polymer foams has attracted wide attention. In recent years, patented technology has enabled us to use the supercritical fluid polymer foaming materials. There are some problems in the supercritical fluid foaming in terms of mechanical properties, cell structure, cell size, and processing technology, therefore, more equipment and patents are needed to solve these problems in the future.
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Liu, Tianle, Ekaterina Leusheva, Valentin Morenov, Lixia Li, Guosheng Jiang, Changliang Fang, Ling Zhang, Shaojun Zheng, and Yinfei Yu. "Influence of Polymer Reagents in the Drilling Fluids on the Efficiency of Deviated and Horizontal Wells Drilling." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184704.

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Improving the efficiency of well drilling process in a reservoir is directly related to subsequent well flow rates. Drilling of deviated and horizontal wells is often accompanied by an increase in pressure losses due to flow resistance caused by small size of the annular space. An important role in such conditions is played by the quality of borehole cleaning and transport capacity of drilling fluid, which is directly related to the rheological parameters of the drilling fluid. The main viscosifiers in modern drilling fluids are polymer reagents. They can be of various origin and structure, which determines their features. This work presents investigations that assess the effect of various polymers on the rheological parameters of drilling fluids. Obtained data are evaluated taking into account the main rheological models of fluid flow. However, process of fluid motion during drilling cannot be described by only one flow model. Paper shows experimentally obtained data of such indicators as plastic viscosity, dynamic shear stress, non-linearity index and consistency coefficient. Study has shown that high molecular weight polymer reagents (e.g., xanthan gum) can give drilling fluid more pronounced pseudoplastic properties, and combining them with a linear high molecular weight polymer (e.g., polyacrylamide) can reduce the value of the dynamic shear stress. Results of the work show the necessity of using combinations of different types of polymer reagents, which can lead to a synergetic effect. In addition to assessing the effect of various polymer reagents, the paper presents study on the development of a drilling fluid composition for specific conditions of an oil field.
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Almubarak, Tariq, Jun Hong Ng, Hisham A. Nasr–El–Din, Khatere Sokhanvarian, and Mohammed AlKhaldi. "Dual-Polymer Hydraulic-Fracturing Fluids: A Synergy Between Polysaccharides and Polyacrylamides." SPE Journal 24, no. 06 (July 19, 2019): 2635–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191580-pa.

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Summary As exploration for oil and gas continues, it becomes necessary to produce from deeper formations, and to meet the challenge of low permeability and higher temperatures. Unconventional shale formations are addressed with slickwater fracturing fluids, owing to the shale's unique geomechanical properties. On the other hand, conventional formations require crosslinked fracturing fluids to properly enhance productivity. Guar and its derivatives have a history of success in crosslinked hydraulic–fracturing fluids. However, they require higher polymer loading to withstand higher–temperature environments. This leads to an increase in mixing time and additive requirements. Most importantly, as a result of high polymer loading, they do not break completely and thus generate residual–polymer fragments that can plug the formation and significantly reduce fracture conductivity. In this work, a new hybrid dual–polymer hydraulic–fracturing fluid was developed. The fluid consists of a guar derivative and a polyacrylamide–based synthetic polymer. Compared with conventional fracturing fluids, this new system is easily hydrated, requires fewer additives, can be mixed “on the fly,” and is capable of maintaining excellent rheological performance at low polymer loadings. The polymer mixture solutions were prepared at a total polymer concentration of 20 to 40 lbm/1,000 gal at volume ratios of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. The fluids were crosslinked with a metallic crosslinker and broken with an oxidizer at 300°F. Testing focused on crosslinker/polymer–ratio analysis to effectively lower loading while maintaining sufficient performance to carry proppant at this temperature. A high–pressure/high–temperature (HP/HT) rheometer was used to measure viscosity, storage modulus, and fluid–breaking performance. An HP/HT aging cell and HP/HT see–through cell were used for proppant settling. Fourier–transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Cryo scanning electron microscopy (Cryo–SEM), and an HP/HT rheometer were also used to understand the interaction. Results indicated that the dual–polymer fracturing fluid was able to generate stable viscosity at 300°F and 100 s−1 as well as generate a higher viscosity compared with the individual–polymer fracturing fluid. Also, properly understanding and tuning the crosslinker to the polymer ratio generated excellent performance at 20 lbm/1,000 gal. The two polymers formed an improved crosslinking network that enhanced proppant–carrying properties. This fluid also demonstrated a clean and controlled breaking performance with an oxidizer. Extensive experiments were pursued to evaluate the new dual–polymer system for the first time. This system exhibited a positive interaction between the polysaccharide and polyacrylamide families and generated excellent rheological properties. The major benefit of using a mixed–polymer system is reduced polymer loading. Lower loading is highly desirable because it reduces material cost, eases field operation, and potentially lowers damage to the fracture face, proppant pack, and formation.
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Sugihardjo, Sugihardjo. "Polymer Properties Determination For Designing Chemical Flooding." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 34, no. 2 (March 14, 2022): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.34.2.799.

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Waterflooding became the standard practice in many reservoirs formation in petroleum industries, the strengths and weaknesses of the methods were quite well established. In particular, the inefficiency of the waterflood oil displacement mechanism as a result of either an unfavorable mobility ratio or heterogeneity was largely identified. Therefore, chemicals injections as the improvement displacement processes had been proposed to support petroleum industries to recover the production of oil. Chemical injection normally consists of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer (ASP). They could be injected as standalone fluid or mixture of fluids; it depends upon the injection fluid design appropriate for particular field. Polymer solution could be prepared for mixtures of injection fluid and or as chase fluid injection which is injected behind surfactant or ASP. The main function of polymer solution primarily is to viscosity the injection water as a mobility control. This work is proposed to determine the important polymer properties which are suitable for mobility control in such EOR plan in the particular field. This field is sandstone reservoir with oil gravity of 23 to 26oAPI and viscosity of 3cp at 90oC. Two kinds of polymers have been chosen such as: HPAM-1 and HPAM-2 and subject to be tested for the properties characteristic. Intensive works have been done to evaluate the bulk polymer properties at laboratory scale which include rheology, filtration, thermal stability, retention/adsorption, and injectivity or permeability reduction tests. The results indicated that HPAM-1 polymer is suitable for injection fluid design for Zone-B while HPAM-2 for Zone-A.
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Akhavan, J., K. Slack, V. Wise, and H. Block. "Coating of Polyaniline with an Insulating Polymer to Improve the Power Efficiency of Electrorheological Fluids." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (June 30, 1999): 1931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299001983.

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Currents drawn under high fields often present practical limitations to electrorheological (ER) fluids usefulness. For heavy-duty applications where large torques have to be transmitted, the power consumption of a ER fluid can be considerable, and for such uses a current density of ~100μ A cm -2 is often taken as a practical upper limit. This investigation was conducted into designing a fluid which has little extraneous conductance and therefore would demand less current. Selected semi-conducting polymers provide effective substrates for ER fluids. Such polymers are soft insoluble powdery materials with densities similar to dispersing agents used in ER formulations. Polyaniline is a semi-conducting polymer and can be used as an effective ER substrate in its emeraldine base form. In order to provide an effective ER fluid which requires less current polyaniline was coated with an insulating polymer. The conditions for coating was established for lauryl and methyl methacrylate. Results from static yield measurements indicate that ER fluids containing coated polyaniline required less current than uncoated polyaniline i.e. 0.5μ A cm -2. The generic type of coating was also found to be important.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Elkovitch, Mark D. "Supercritical fluid assisted polymer blending /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276531724.

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Wood, Colin David. "Polymer synthesis using compressed fluid solvents." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272686.

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Shin, Y. Michael (Young-Moon Michael) 1969. "Formation of polymer nanofibers from electrified fluid jets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8848.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-182).
The formation of polymer nanofibers from fluid jets in· an electric field, also referred to as electrospinning, has been studied. Controlling the fiber properties requires a detailed understanding of how a millimeter-diameter fluid jet emanating from a nozzle is transformed into solid fibers that are four orders of magnitude smaller in diameter. To this end, a fiber spinner operating under a uniform electric field and providing a controlled process environment was designed. In the conventional view of electrospinning, the mechanism leading to small fiber diameters has been attributed to the splaying phenomenon, in which a single jet splits into multiple smaller jets due to radial charge repulsion. Using high-speed photography and an aqueous solution of poly(ethylene oxide) as a model fluid, it was shown that the jet does not splay but instead undergoes a rapid whipping motion. The high whipping frequency created the optical artifact of multiple jets. The whipping jet was best observed in the onset region of the instability. Further downstream, the amplitude of the instability continued to grow, and the jet trajectory became more chaotic. This was verified through photography of the entire jet and close-up observations of representative regions further downstream. Based on these findings, an alternative mechanism for the formation of polymer nanofibers is proposed. It is conjectured that the whipping instability causes stretching and bending of the jet. The large reduction in jet diameter is achieved by increasing the path length over which the fluid jet is accelerated and stretched prior to solidification or deposition on a collector. Whipping induced stretching is conjectured to be the primary mechanism causing the jet diameter reduction. To provide a concise way of displaying the stability of electrified fluid jets as a function of the electric field and the flow rate, operating diagrams were developed. These diagrams delineate regions of different jet behavior, and the stability borders for two transitions have been mapped. The first transition is from dripping to a stable jet; and represents the suppression of the Rayleigh instability. For high conductivity fluids, an additional transition from a stable to a whipping jet can be observed at higher electric fields. The experimental findings are supported by a theoretical analysis of the jet thinning and the onset of the instability. To elucidate the fundamental electrohydrodynamics, glycerol was studied as a model fluid. Based on the experimental observation that whipping occurs on a length scale much larger than the jet radius, an asymptotic approximation of the electrohydrodynamic equations has been developed by Hohman and Brenner. This theory governs both long wavelength axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric distortions of the jet, and allows the jet stability to be evaluated as a function of all relevant fluid and process parameters. Three different instabilities are predicted: the classical Rayleigh instability, an axisymmetric conducting mode, and a non-axisymmetric conducting mode. The presence of these instabilities at various locations along the jet has been verified with high-speed video and photography. The particular instability that is observed depends on the jet shape and the surface charge density. To achieve quantitative agreement between experimental and theoretical jet profiles, the jet current and the local electric field in the vicinity of the nozzle had to be taken into account. The electric currents in stable jets were found to be linear in both the electric field and the flow rate Theoretical operating diagrams were developed based on the experimental insight that the instabilities are convective. The dependence of the stability borders on both the electric field and the flow rate is correctly reproduced by the Hohman-Brenner theory. This implies that operating diagrams have the potential to be used as predictive tools to better understand and control the process. The quantitative agreement between theory and experiments suggests that the fundamental process in electrospinning involves indeed a rapidly whipping jet, which is caused by the interaction of surface charges on the jet and the applied electric field. The notion of a whipping jet has also been extended to low viscosity fluids, where the jet disintegrates into fine droplets, i.e., electrospraying. For sufficiently large jet radii, experiments have verified the theoretical prediction that the dispersal of fluid results from the growth of a non-axisymmetric conducting mode along the jet, which subsequently breaks into droplets due to the axisymmetric conducting mode.
by Y. Michael Shin.
Ph.D.
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Harlen, Oliver Guy. "Strong flows of dilute polymer solutions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358648.

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Harris, Owen John. "Unsteady flows of dilute polymer solutions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319993.

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Taddese, Tseden. "Thermodynamics and dynamics of polymers at fluid interfaces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/thermodynamics-and-dynamics-ofpolymers-at-fluid-interfaces(27166765-7d8b-405f-90d2-7f2489a200ca).html.

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The aim of this thesis is to study the structural and thermodynamical properties of polymers at liquid/liquid interfaces by means of multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. This thesis is presented in alternative format, and the results, consisting of three journal articles, are divided into two main parts. The first part of the thesis looks at the structural and dynamical changes as well as the thermodynamic stability of polymers of varying topology (linear and star-shaped) at interfaces by performing molecular dynamics simulations on model systems. It was found that homopolymers are attracted to the interface in both good and poor solvent conditions making them a surface active molecule, despite not being amphiphilic. In most cases changing polymer topology had only a minor effect on the desorption free energy. A noticeable dependence on polymer topology is only seen for relatively high molecular weight polymers at the interface. Examining separately the enthalpic and entropic components of the desorption free energy suggests that its largest contribution is the decrease in the interfacial free energy caused by the adsorption of the polymer at the interface. Furthermore, we propose a simple method to qualitatively predict the trend of the interfacial free energy as a function of the polymer molecular weight. In terms of the dynamics of a linear polymer, the scaling behaviour of the polymer confined between two liquids did not follow that predicted for polymers adsorbed onsolid or soft surfaces such as lipid bilayers. Additionally, the results show that in the diffusive regime the polymer behaves like in bulk solution following the Zimm model and with the hydrodynamic interactions dominating its dynamics. Further simulations carried out when the liquid interface is sandwiched between two solid walls show that when the confinement is a few times larger than the blob size the Rouse dynamics is recovered. The second part of the thesis focuses on optimizing the MARTINI coarse-grained (CG) Model, which retains certain chemical properties of molecules, to reproduce solubility of polymers, in specific polyethylene oxide (PEO), in both polar and non-polar solvents. Performing molecular dynamics simulations using this CG model will then enable us to study the properties PEO in octanol/water and hexane/water systems with increased length and timescales not accessible by atomistic simulations. The MARTINI CG method (Marrink et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2007, 111, 7812) is based on developing the optimal Lennard-Jones parameters to reproduce the partition free energy between water (polar solvent) and octanol (apolar solvent). Here we test the MARTINI CG method when modelling the partitioning properties of PEO, with increasing molecular weight between solvents of different polarity by comparing the results with atomistic simulation. We show that using simply the free energy of transfer from water to octanol to obtain the force parameters does not guarantee the transferability of the model to other solvents. Instead one needs to match the solvation (or hydration) free energies to ensure that the polymer has the correct polarity. We propose a simple method to select the Lennard-Jones parameter to match the solvation free energies for different beads. We also show that, even when the partition coefficient of the monomer is correct, even for modestly high molecular weight of the polymer the predicted partitioning properties could be wrong.
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Royer, Joseph Robert. "Supercritical Fluid Assisted Polymer Processing: Plasticization, Swelling and Rheology." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20000810-144737.

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The use of supercritical carbon dioxide, scCO is a gas under atmospheric conditions, it can be used as a processing aid and then easily removed from a polymer through evaporation to obtain the original physical properties of the unplasticized polymer matrix. In addition, CO has been shown to be more environmentally friendly in comparison to many of the traditional organic plasticizers. However, the biggest challenge hindering the widespread use of CO as a plasticizer involves a lack of understanding of and data quantifying its effect on polymer swelling and the concomitant reduction in material viscosity. In this work, a three-step approach is used to investigate and quantify the physical phenomena associated with CO-induced plasticization of polymer melts.First, a novel experimental apparatus was designed and constructed to measure equilibrium swelling, swelling kinetics and diffusion of CO into a polymer melt. It was found that diffusion of CO pressure had a negligible effect on the diffusion coefficient; however, the system temperature directly affected the diffusion coefficient. Increased pressure was found to enhance the extent of swelling whereas a maximum was observed with increasing temperature, at pressures above 15 MPa. The Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state was found to be in good agreement with the experimentally calculated variables, and thus, can be used as a predictive tool to obtain physical properties of the CO-PDMS system.Secondly, a high pressure extrusion slit die rheometer was constructed to measure the viscosity of polymer melts plasticized with low concentrations of CO. Polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) were all investigated. CO was found to be an efficient plasticizer for all of these polymer materials, generally lowering the viscosity of the melt 30-80%, depending on processing conditions. Predictive viscoelastic scaling models based on free-volume principles and a prediction of Tg depression from a diluent were developed to quantify the effects of CO concentration, pressure and temperature on viscosity. This unique free-volume approach allows the high pressure polymer/CO rheology to be predicted based solely on physical parameters of the polymer melt and CO solution behavior over the concentration and temperature ranges for which the models are valid.Finally, a novel high pressure magnetically levitated sphere rheometer (MLSR) was developed to further investigate the effects of CO on the viscosity of polymer melts. The MLSR measures the difference in magnetic intensity required to levitate a magnetic sphere in a sample fluid while the fluid is at rest and under shear. The observed change in magnetic intensity is directly proportional to the viscoelastic force imposed on the sphere by the surrounding fluid, and thus is used to calculate the fluid viscosity from a calibration of known viscosity standards. The rheometer eliminates many of the disadvantages associated with other high pressure rheometers and can operate over a wide range of CO concentrations at constant pressure with excellent reproducibility. This rheometer was used to measure the viscosity reduction of poly(dimethyl siloxane) by CO were investigated. The viscosity of the polymer melt could be lowered in excess of 97% of its original value at atmospheric pressure by adding a CO concentration of approximately 30 wt%. Additionally, experimental evidence revealed that the elevated pressure significantly increased the polymer/CO viscosity.

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Carlà, Vito <1978&gt. "Supercritical fluid polymer processing: anomalous sorption and dilation behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/613/.

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Wagner, Lukas. "Simulations of fluid and polymer dynamics with discrete methods /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935125881663.

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Casiano, Matthew Joseph. "The investigation of flow within a polymer scaffold inside a perfused bioreactor." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20712.

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Books on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Starov, Victor, and Ivan Ivanov, eds. Fluid Mechanics of Surfactant and Polymer Solutions. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2766-7.

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E, Nielsen Lawrence, ed. Polymer and composite rheology. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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A, Pincus P., ed. Structured fluids: Polymers, colloids, surfactants. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

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Rooney, Oliver Brendan. Glucose polymer dialysis fluid: Cytotoxicity and immune reaction. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.

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Rodriguez, Ferdinand. Principles of polymer systems. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Rodriguez, Ferdinand. Principles of polymer systems. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Rodriguez, Ferdinand. Principles of polymer systems. 3rd ed. New York: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1989.

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1924-, Bird R. Byron, ed. Dynamics of polymeric liquids. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1987.

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Polymer melt processing: Foundations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Serafim, Kalliadasis, Thiele Uwe, and International Centre for Mechanical Sciences., eds. Thin films of soft matter. Wien: Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Osswald, Tim, and Natalie Rudolph. "Generalized Newtonian Fluid (GNF) Models." In Polymer Rheology, 59–99. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569905234.003.

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Gupta, B. R. "Fluid Flow Analysis." In Rheology Applied in Polymer Processing, 59–116. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003344971-3.

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Lee, Eunsang, Hari Krishna Chilukoti, and Florian Müller-Plathe. "Stopping Droplet Rebound with Polymer Additives: A Molecular Viewpoint." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 87–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_5.

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AbstractThe origin of rebound suppression of an impacting droplet by a small amount of polymer additive has been tentatively explained by various physical concepts including the dynamic surface tension, the additional energy dissipation by non-Newtonian elongational viscosity, the elastic force of stretched polymer, and the additional friction on a receding contact line. To better understand the role of polymer on a molecular level, we performed multi-body dissipative particle dynamics simulations of droplets impacting on solvophobic surfaces. The rebound suppression is achieved by the elastic force of stretched polymer during the hopping stage, and the additional friction on the contact line during the retraction stage. Both slow-hopping and slow-retraction mechanisms coexist in a wide range of simulation parameters, but the latter is prevailing for large droplets, and for the strong attraction strength between polymer and surface. The increased polymer adsorption, which maybe achieved by a higher polymer concentration or a larger molecular weight, stimulates both mechanisms. Also, the molecular evidence of the additional friction on the receding contact line is shown from the relation between the contact angle and the contact line velocity where the slope of the fitted line is an indication of the additional friction.
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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polyethylene in ethane." In Polymer Solutions, 3211–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_643.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polyethylene in ethene." In Polymer Solutions, 3216–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_644.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polyethylene in propane." In Polymer Solutions, 3221–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_645.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polypropylene in propane." In Polymer Solutions, 3811–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_763.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polypropylene in propene." In Polymer Solutions, 3816–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_764.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polystyrene in propane." In Polymer Solutions, 3866–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_774.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "High pressure fluid phase equilibrium data of polyethylene in 1-butene." In Polymer Solutions, 3206–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88057-8_642.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Righi, Michele, Marco Fontana, Rocco Vertechy, Mattia Duranti, and Giacomo Moretti. "Analysis of dielectric fluid transducers." In Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2297082.

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Samuel, Mathew, Roger J. Card, Erik B. Nelson, J. Ernest Brown, P. S. Vinod, Harry L. Temple, Qi Qu, and Dan K. Fu. "Polymer-Free Fluid for Hydraulic Fracturing." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38622-ms.

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Himes, R. E., S. A. Ali, M. A. Hardy, M. D. Holtmyer, and J. D. Weaver. "Reversible, Crosslinkable Polymer for Fluid-Loss Control." In SPE Formation Damage Control Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27373-ms.

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Sung Hwan Cho, Frank S. Tsai, Robert Vasko, Jeff Vasko, and Yu-Hwa Lo. "Fluid-filled tunable mold for polymer lenses." In 2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo.2008.4551021.

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Rosato, M. J., and A. Supriyono. "Polymer Fluid-Loss Agent Aids Well Cleanouts." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/82223-ms.

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Lei, Cuiyue, and Peter E. Clark. "Fracturing-Fluid Crosslinking at Low Polymer Concentration." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/96937-ms.

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Hong, Yifeng, and Donggang Yao. "Formation and Characterization of Co-Continuous Shear Thickening Fluid/Polymer Blends." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63828.

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By synergistically combining distinct physical and chemical properties of different components, co-continuous polymer blending has become an important route to improve the performance of polymeric materials. Shear thickening fluid is a type of non-Newtonian fluid which has unique shear rate dependence and good damping properties. In this work, the authors combined the shear thickening fluid and a commodity polymer into a single system by forming a co-continuous blend via a melt processing technique. The processing window of such co-continuous blend was determined by referring to the thermal and rheological properties of raw materials and experimentally exploring various blending conditions. An increase of tanδ under dynamic mechanical analyzing testing was observed in the co-continuous blend compared with neat polymer as control, which indicated the enhancement of damping capabilities.
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Christianson, Caleb, Nathaniel N. Goldberg, and Michael T. Tolley. "Elastomeric diaphragm pump driven by fluid electrode dielectric elastomer actuators (FEDEAs)." In Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294557.

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Kelessidis, Vassilios C., Maria Zografou, and Vassiliki Chatzistamou. "Optimization Of Drilling Fluid Rheological And Fluid Loss Properties Utilizing PHPA Polymer." In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164351-ms.

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Qiao, R., and P. He. "Fluid Flow in Nanometer Scale Channels: Effects of Polymer Coating." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14169.

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Electroosmotic flow is one of the most important fluid transport mechanism in nanofluidic systems due to its ease-of-control and excellent scaling behavior. In this paper, we report on the atomistic simulation of electroosmotic flow regulation by coating the channel surface with a thin layer of polymers. While such coating is applied routinely in practice, the fundamental mechanism of the flow control is not well-understood. We show that the flow depends both on the polymer type and coating density. A detailed analysis of these results indicates that the flow regulation has both a hydrodynamic origin and a physio-chemical origin. The results highlight the need to integrate physical chemistry into the fluid mechanics for a fundamental understanding of the fluid transport at nanoscale.
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Reports on the topic "Polymer fluid"

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Lohne, Arild, Arne Stavland, Siv Marie Åsen, Olav Aursjø, and Aksel Hiorth. Recommended polymer workflow: Interpretation and parameter identification. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.202.

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Injecting a polymer solution into a porous medium significantly increases the modeling complexity, compared to model a polymer bulk solution. Even if the polymer solution is injected at a constant rate into the porous medium, the polymers experience different flow regimes in each pore and pore throat. The main challenge is to assign a macroscopic porous media “viscosity” to the fluid which can be used in Darcy law to get the correct relationship between the injection rate and pressure drop. One can achieve this by simply tabulating experimental results (e.g., injection rate vs pressure drop). The challenge with the tabulated approach is that it requires a huge experimental database to tabulate all kind of possible situations that might occur in a reservoir (e.g., changing temperature, salinity, flooding history, permeability, porosity, wettability etc.). The approach presented in this report is to model the mechanisms and describe them in terms of mathematical models. The mathematical model contains a limited number of parameters that needs to be determined experimentally. Once these parameters are determined, there is in principle no need to perform additional experiments.
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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko, and Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.
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Chu, Ben. Light Scattering Characterization of Polymer Additives and Correlation of Molecular Properties of Polymer Fluids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238547.

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Remy, David, and Leonard A. Levasseur. The Effects of Supercritical Fluids on High Performance Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206515.

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Weitsman, Y. J. Effects of Fluids on Polymeric Composites - A Review. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297030.

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Oostrom, Mart, Thomas W. Wietsma, Matthew A. Covert, and Vince R. Vermeul. An Experimental Study of Micron-Size Zero-Valent Iron Emplacement in Permeable Porous Media Using Polymer-Enhanced Fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877070.

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