Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer composites'
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Nirmal Kumar, K., P. Dinesh Babu, Raviteja Surakasi, P. Manoj Kumar, P. Ashokkumar, Rashid Khan, Adel Alfozan, and Dawit Tafesse Gebreyohannes. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber–Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites: A Critical Study." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (December 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332157.
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In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.
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Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "A Brief Review on the Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162597.
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Biodegradable polymers are an exceptional class of polymers that can be decomposed by bacteria. They have received significant interest from researchers in several fields. Besides this, biodegradable polymers can also be incorporated with fillers to fabricate biodegradable polymer composites. Recently, a variety of ionic liquids have also been applied in the fabrication of the polymer composites. In this brief review, two types of fillers that are utilized for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites, specifically organic fillers and inorganic fillers, are described. Three types of synthetic biodegradable polymers that are commonly used in biodegradable polymer composites, namely polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polycaprolactone (PCL), are reviewed as well. Additionally, the influence of two types of ionic liquid, namely alkylimidazolium- and alkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids, on the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the polymer composites, is also briefly reviewed. This review may be beneficial in providing insights into polymer composite investigators by enhancing the properties of biodegradable polymer composites via the employment of ionic liquids.
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Mihu, Georgel, Sebastian-Marian Draghici, Vasile Bria, Adrian Circiumaru, and Iulian-Gabriel Birsan. "Mechanical Properties of Some Epoxy-PMMA Blends." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.2.5494.
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The thermoset polymers and the thermoplastic polymers matrix composites require different forming techniques due to the different properties of two classes of polymers. While the forming technique for thermoset polymer matrix composites does not require the use of special equipment, the thermoplastic polymer matrix composites imposes the rigorous control of temperature and pressure values. Each type of polymer transfers to the composite a set of properties that may be required for a certain application. It is difficult to design a composite with commonly brittle thermoset polymer matrix showing properties of a viscoelastic thermoplastic polymer matrix composite. One solution may consist in mixing a thermoset and a thermoplastic polymer getting a polymer blend that can be used as matrix to form a composite. This study is about using PMMA solutions to obtain thermoset-thermoplastic blends and to mechanically characterize the obtained materials. Three well known organic solvents were used to obtain the PMMA solutions, based on a previous study concerning with the effect of solvents presence into the epoxy structure.
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OKUBO, K., T. FUJII, and N. YAMASHITA. "PMC-06: Improvement of Interfacial Adhesion in Bamboo Polymer Composite Enhanced with Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_3.
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Lebedeva, O. V., and E. I. Sipkina. "Polymer composites and their properties." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-192-207.
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The review article summarizes the results of studies conducted in the field of polymer composites obtained by various methods. An important industrial activity is structured around the development of polymeric materials and composites based on them. Composite materials having a matrix comprised of a polymeric material (polymers, oligomers, copolymers) are highly numerous and diverse. They are widely used in the industry for the manufacture of vitreous, ceramic, electrically insulating coatings, as adsorbents in the treatment of wastewater from heavy metal ions, and in the production of ion-exchange membranes. Composite materials have unique properties such as a large surface area, thermal and mechanical stability, good selectivity against various contaminants, and cost-effectiveness. The review presents the physicochemical and structural characteristics of composite materials based on synthetic polymers (polymer-carbon, polymerclay composites), polymeric heterocyclic and organosilicon compounds. Used across a variety of applications, polymer-carbon and polymer-clay composites are effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants. However, when used as adsorbents for large-scale production, they have yet to achieve optimum performance. Hybrid materials obtained by the sol-gel method deserve special attention. This method can be conveniently used to influence the composition and structure of the surface layer of such materials as adsorbents of heavy and noble metals, catalysts, membranes and sensors for applications in biological antibiosis, ion exchange catalysis, etc. Such composites are characterized by their increased mechanical strength and thermal stability, as well as offering improved thermochemical, rheological, electrical and optical properties.
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Brostow, Witold, Hanna Fałtynowicz, Osman Gencel, Andrei Grigoriev, Haley E. Hagg Lobland, and Danny Zhang. "Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.514.
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A definition of rigidity of polymers and polymer-based composites (PBCs) by an equation is formulated. We also discuss tribological properties of polymers and PBCs including frictions (static, sliding and rolling) and wear. We discuss connections between viscoelastic recovery in scratch resistance testing with brittleness B, as well as Charpy and Izod impact strengths relations with B. Flexibility Y is related to a dynamic friction. A thermophysical property, namely linear thermal expansivity, is also related to the brittleness B. A discussion of equipment needed to measure a variety of properties is included.
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Zirak, Nader, Mohammadali Shirinbayan, Michael Deligant, and Abbas Tcharkhtchi. "Toward Polymeric and Polymer Composites Impeller Fabrication." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010097.
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Impellers are referred to as a core component of turbomachinery. The use of impellers in various applications is considered an integral part of the industry. So, increased performance and the optimization of impellers have been the center of attention of a lot of studies. In this regard, studies have been focused on the improvement of the efficiency of rotary machines through aerodynamic optimization, using high-performance materials and suitable manufacturing processes. As such, the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their lower weight when compared to metals has been the focus of studies. On the other hand, methods of the manufacturing process for polymer and polymer composite impellers such as conventional impeller manufacturing, injection molding and additive manufacturing can offer higher economic efficiency than similar metal parts. In this study, polymeric and polymer composites impellers are discussed and conclusions are drawn according to the manufacturing methods. Studies have shown promising results for the replacement of polymers and polymer composites instead of metals with respect to a suitable temperature range. In general, polymers showed a good ability to fabricate the impellers, however in more difficult working conditions considering the need for a substance with higher physical and mechanical properties necessitates the use of composite polymers. However, in some applications, the use of these materials needs further research and development.
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Vaia, Richard A., and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "Polymer Nanocomposites: Status and Opportunities." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2001): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.93.
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Reinforcement of polymers with a second phase, whether inorganic or organic, to produce a polymer composite is common in the production of modern plastics. Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) represent a radical alternative to these conventional polymer composites.
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Sitorus, Berlian, and Mariana B. Malino. "Electrical Conductivity of Conducting Polymer Composites based on Conducting Polymer/Natural Cellulose." ELKHA 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i1.46048.
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– Merging each of the best properties of components into a composite design or hybrid architecture opens up opportunities to develop electroconductive materials as conducting polymer composite. This work deals with studying the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer composites made of cellulose extracted from two biomass: empty fruit bunch from oil palm and peat soil. Two kinds of conducting polymers have been used to fabricate the composites, i.e. polyaniline and polypyrrole, which are polymerized from their monomers, aniline and pyrrole. The novelty of this research is the using of biomass as the source of cellulose to produced conducting polymer composites by adding conducting polymer as filler into polymer matrix. We report experimental studies about the influence of monomer addition on the electrical conductivity of composites produced. The conductivity of the material was measured by using the Electrochemical Impedance System method. The experiments were carried out as a four-set experiment, using two different cellulose sources, EFB and peat soil, combined with aniline and pyrrole. The mass ratio variations of the monomer: cellulose are 1, 2, 3, and 4. The conductivities of the composites increased when more aniline or pyrrole was blended with the extracted cellulose from each source, either EFB or peat soil. The conductivity of composite PANI/EFB, which is 3.5 ´10-3 - 1.1´10-2 S/cm, is in the semiconductor range that makes the composites useful for many applications.
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OGIHARA, S., and T. UMESAKI. "PMC-02: Evaluation of Interfacial Strength using Model Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.1_4.
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Alhazmi, Hatem, Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah, Muhammad Kashif Anwar, Ali Raza, Muhammad Kaleem Ullah, and Fahad Iqbal. "Utilization of Polymer Concrete Composites for a Circular Economy: A Comparative Review for Assessment of Recycling and Waste Utilization." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132135.
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Polymer composites have been identified as the most innovative and selective materials known in the 21st century. Presently, polymer concrete composites (PCC) made from industrial or agricultural waste are becoming more popular as the demand for high-strength concrete for various applications is increasing. Polymer concrete composites not only provide high strength properties but also provide specific characteristics, such as high durability, decreased drying shrinkage, reduced permeability, and chemical or heat resistance. This paper provides a detailed review of the utilization of polymer composites in the construction industry based on the circular economy model. This paper provides an updated and detailed report on the effects of polymer composites in concrete as supplementary cementitious materials and a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on their utilization and the production of polymer composites. A detailed review of a variety of polymers, their qualities, performance, and classification, and various polymer composite production methods is given to select the best polymer composite materials for specific applications. PCCs have become a promising alternative for the reuse of waste materials due to their exceptional performance. Based on the findings of the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that more research is needed to provide a foundation for a regulatory structure for the acceptance of polymer composites.
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Ali, Amjad, Mirza Nadeem Ahmad, Tajamal Hussain, Ahmad Naveed, Tariq Aziz, Mobashar Hassan, and Li Guo. "Materials Innovations in 2D-filler Reinforced Dielectric Polymer Composites." Materials Innovations 02, no. 02 (2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54738/mi.2022.2202.
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Polymer dielectric possess advantages of mechanical flexibility, low temperature processing, and cost. However, for practical applications dielectric constant of polymers is not high enough. To raise the dielectric constant, polymers are often composited with fillers of various morphologies (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional) and types (inorganic, organic, carbon, conductive, non-conductive). Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, ferroelectric ceramics, etc. have been discovered. These materials have excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal properties and high specific surface area, which makes these ideal materials to reinforce the properties of polymers, especially dielectric properties. Here, in this review we summarize the latest developments regarding the use of 2D fillers to improve the dielectric properties of polymer composites. We have systematically discussed synthesis of 2D materials, processing of their 2D filler/polymer composites, theoretical background of dielectric properties of these composites, and literature summary of the dielectric properties of polymer composites with various type of 2D fillers.
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Gorgol, Marek, Agnieszka Kierys, and Radosław Zaleski. "Positron Lifetime Annihilation Study of Porous Composites and Silicas Synthesized Using Polymer Templates." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.280.
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The porous structure of polymer-silica composites, based on three polymer templates, which differ in a porosity and hydrophobicity, was examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Additionally, the investigation of silicas obtained after removal of polymers during calcination of composite materials, was performed. In composites based on hydrophobic polymers, silica condensates only in larger free volumes, while SiO2 deeply penetrates spaces between polymer chains, when the template is polar. Moreover, the structure of the silica gel, obtained after polymer removal, depends on chemical character of the template, rather than its porosity.
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Курбанов, М. А., Ф. Н. Татардар, Н. А. Сафаров, И. С. Рамазанова, З. А. Дадашев, И. А. Фараджзаде, К. К. Азизова, and А. Ф. Гочуева. "Новая технология создания высокочувствительных сегнетопьезоэлектрических материалов на основе гибрида микро- и наноструктурированных полимеров." Журнал технической физики 89, no. 5 (2019): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.05.47478.2443.
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AbstractFabrication of composites based on micro- and nanostructured hybrid polymers have been studied. A new technology for nanoparticle immobilization in the polymer matrix of the composite has been suggested. Its essence is to produce functional electronegative polymer segments in the polymer matrix, which are the main agents preventing nanoparticle mobilization in the polymer phase of a composite.
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Tashkinov, M. A., A. D. Dobrydneva, V. P. Matveenko, and V. V. Silberschmidt. "Modeling the Effective Conductive Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites with a Random Arrangement of Graphene Oxide Particles." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.2.15.
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Сomposite materials are widely used in various industrial sectors, for example, in the aviation, marine and automotive industries, civil engineering and others. Methods based on measuring the electrical conductivity of a composite material have been actively developed to detect internal damage in polymer composite materials, such as matrix cracking, delamination, and other types of defects, which make it possible to monitor a composite’s state during its entire service life. Polymers are often used as matrices in composite materials. However, almost always pure polymers are dielectrics. The addition of nanofillers, such as graphene and its derivatives, has been successfully used to create conductive composites based on insulating polymers. The final properties of nanomodified composites can be influenced by many factors, including the type and intrinsic properties of nanoscale objects, their dispersion in the polymer matrix, and interphase interactions. The work deals with modeling of effective electric conductive properties of the representative volume elements of nanoscale composites based on a polymer matrix with graphene oxide particles distributed in it. In particular, methods for evaluating effective, electrically conductive properties have been studied, finite element modelling of representative volumes of polymer matrices with graphene oxide particles have been performed, and the influence of the tunneling effect and the orientation of inclusions on the conductive properties of materials have been investigated. The possibility of using models of resistive strain gauges operating on the principle of the tunneling effect is studied. Based on the finite-element modeling and graph theory tools, we created approaches for estimating changes in the conductive properties of the representative volume elements of a nanomodified matrix subjected to mechanical loading.
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Anyszka, Rafal, and Dariusz Bieliński. "Introduction to Ceramizable Polymer Composites." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2014.6.3.
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KOSAKA, T., H. NAKATANI, K. OSAKA, and Y. SAWADA. "PMC-05: Development and Evaluation of Ramie/Starch FW Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_2.
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Sudha, L. K., Roy Sukumar, and K. Uma Rao. "Capacitance and Glass Transition Temperature of Nano Structured Alumina Polycarbonate Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.73.
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This paper describes how glass transition temperature (Tg) and capacitance (Cp) of a nanomodified composite polymer changes as compared to that of its base polymer. Because of its versatile applications, polycarbonate materials (grade PC1100 and PC1220 respectively), which are commercially available, were chosen as the base polymer in this study and nanostructured alumina material was used as filler for fabricating the desired composites by varying the filler weight in the composite materials. The Tg of the composites has been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique and Cp of the composites are derived from AC conductivity measurements of the composites. Results show that the Tg decreases as a function of filler load in the composite material whereas capacitance of the composites increase with the filler load in the composites. A filler concentration equal to or greater than 5 wt% in the said composites, the Tg of the composites reduces upto 15°C, whereas Cp shoots up in the pico-farad range with the same level of filler load, as compare to base polymers.
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Feng, Qingkun, and Lijun Wang. "The Effect of Polymer Composite Materials on the Comfort of Sports and Fitness Facilities." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (July 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9108458.
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In a narrow sense, polymer composites refer to multiphase materials composed of polymers and other substances with different compositions, shapes, and properties. They can be divided into structural composites and functional composites. In a broad sense, polymer composite materials also include polymer blend systems, collectively referred to as “polymer alloys.” The purpose of this paper is at studying how to study the impact of polymer composite materials on the adaptation and comfort of sports and fitness facilities. This paper puts forward the problem of comfort, which is based on the construction materials of sports equipment, and then elaborates on the polymer composite materials and makes a case design and analysis of the applicability of polymer composite materials in sports equipment being carried out. The experimental results show that 34.81% of the people are very satisfied and relatively satisfied with the quality identification of sports equipment and only 41.99% of the people are very satisfied and relatively satisfied with the feeling of sports equipment when exercising. Both are less than half of the total sample size, which shows that the current state of sports facilities is worrying.
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Ilyas, R. A., S. M. Sapuan, and Emin Bayraktar. "Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183778.
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Bio and Synthetic Based Polymer Composite Materials is a newly opened Special Issue of Polymers, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make contributions to the findings and understanding of the reinforcing effects of various bio and synthetic-based polymers on the performance of polymer composites [...]
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McClory, Caroline, Seow Jecg Chin, and Tony McNally. "Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 8 (2009): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09131.
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The unique geometry and extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal conductivity properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them ideal candidates as functional fillers for polymeric materials. In this paper we review the advances in both thermoset and thermoplastic CNT composites. The various processing methods used in polymer/CNT composite preparation; solution mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and melt blending, are discussed. The role of surface functionalization, including ‘grafting to’ and ‘grafting from’ using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), radical addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in aiding dispersion of CNTs in polymers and interfacial stress transfer is highlighted. In addition the effect of CNT type, loading, functionality and alignment on electrical and rheological percolation is summarized. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of both Raman spectroscopy and oscillatory plate rheology as tools to characterize the extent of dispersion of CNTs in polymer matrices. We conclude by briefly discussing the potential applications of polymer/CNT composites and highlight the challenges that remain so that the unique properties of CNTs can be optimally translated to polymer matrices.
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Dang, Zhi-Min, Jin-Kai Yuan, Jun-Wei Zha, Peng-Hao Hu, Dong-Rui Wang, and Zhong-Yang Cheng. "High-permittivity polymer nanocomposites: Influence of interface on dielectric properties." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 03, no. 03 (July 2013): 1330004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x13300041.
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Flexible dielectric composites with high permittivity have been extensively studied due to their potential applications in high-density energy capacitors. In this review, effects of interface characteristics on the dielectric properties in the polymer-based nanocomposites with high permittivity are analyzed. The polymer-based dielectric composites are classified into two types: dielectric–dielectric (DD, ceramic particle-polymer) composites and conductor–dielectric (CD, conductive particle-polymer) composites. It is highly desirable for the dielectric–dielectric composites to exhibit high permittivity at low content of ceramic particles, which requires a remarkable interface interaction existing in the composite. For conductor–dielectric composites, a high permittivity can be achieved in composite with a small amount of conductor particle, but associated with a high loss. In this case, the interface between conductor and polymer with a good insulating characteristic is very important. Different methods can be used to modify the surface of ceramic/conductor particles before these particles are dispersed into polymers. The experimental results are summarized on how to design and make the desirable interface, and recent achievements in the development of these nanocomposites are presented. The challenges facing the fundamental understanding on the role of interface in high-permittivity polymer nanocomposites should be paid a more attention.
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Starkova, Olesja, Abedin I. Gagani, Christian W. Karl, Iuri B. C. M. Rocha, Juris Burlakovs, and Andrey E. Krauklis. "Modelling of Environmental Ageing of Polymers and Polymer Composites—Durability Prediction Methods." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050907.
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Polymers and polymer composites are negatively impacted by environmental ageing, reducing their service lifetimes. The uncertainty of the material interaction with the environment compromises their superior strength and stiffness. Validation of new composite materials and structures often involves lengthy and expensive testing programs. Therefore, modelling is an affordable alternative that can partly replace extensive testing and thus reduce validation costs. Durability prediction models are often subject to conflicting requirements of versatility and minimum experimental efforts required for their validation. Based on physical observations of composite macroproperties, engineering and phenomenological models provide manageable representations of complex mechanistic models. This review offers a systematised overview of the state-of-the-art models and accelerated testing methodologies for predicting the long-term mechanical performance of polymers and polymer composites. Accelerated testing methods for predicting static, creep, and fatig ue lifetime of various polymers and polymer composites under environmental factors’ single or coupled influence are overviewed. Service lifetimes are predicted by means of degradation rate models, superposition principles, and parametrisation techniques. This review is a continuation of the authors’ work on modelling environmental ageing of polymer composites: the first part of the review covered multiscale and modular modelling methods of environmental degradation. The present work is focused on modelling engineering mechanical properties.
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Chukov, Dilyus I., Sarvarkhodza G. Nematulloev, Viсtor V. Tсherdyntsev, Valerii G. Torokhov, Andrey A. Stepashkin, Mikhail Y. Zadorozhnyy, Dmitry D. Zherebtsov, and Galal Sherif. "Structure and Properties of Polysulfone Filled with Modified Twill Weave Carbon Fabrics." Polymers 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010050.
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Carbon fabrics are widely used in polymer based composites. Nowadays, most of the advanced high-performance composites are based on thermosetting polymer matrices such as epoxy resin. Thermoplastics have received high attention as polymer matrices due to their low curing duration, high chemical resistance, high recyclability, and mass production capability in comparison with thermosetting polymers. In this paper, we suggest thermoplastic based composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers. Composites based on polysulfone reinforced with carbon fabrics using polymer solvent impregnation were studied. It is well known that despite the excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers possess poor wettability and adhesion to polymers because of the fiber surface chemical inertness and smoothness. Therefore, to improve the fiber–matrix interfacial interaction, the surface modification of the carbon fibers by thermal oxidation was used. It was shown that the surface modification resulted in a noticeable change in the functional composition of the carbon fibers’ surface and increased the mechanical properties of the polysulfone based composites. Significant increase in composites mechanical properties and thermal stability as a result of carbon fiber surface modification was observed.
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Czarnecki, Lech. "Polymer-Concrete Composites for the repair of concrete structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819901006.
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In less than one century concrete has become the most widely used construction material over the world. In less than half of century it is difficult to imagine a concrete totally without polymers. An implantation of polymers into concrete has taken effect in the form of Concrete Polymer Composite: C-PC. Since then (1975) the development of new concrete classes have been ongoing: C-PC = PMC + PCC + PI + PC, where PMC Polymer Modified Concrete (polymer cont. < 1% concrete mass); PCC Polymer Cement Concrete (> 1% concrete mass); PIC Polymer Impregnated Concrete (3-8% concrete mass), PC Polymer Concrete (8-12% concrete mass). Over the time the role of polymers have been extended and it is covered by polymer with additional preposition: polymers on concrete (overlays, coatings, waterproofing and bounding materials). All those polymer composites have been found irreplaceable application in concrete repairing industry. It is enough to say that in ten parts of the European Standards, EN 1504, the category “polymer” can be found 73 times, and that is a proof of the big significance of this material in the repairs and protection of concrete. Just for comparison reason, the term “cement” appears only 59 times in all parts of the EN 1504. Indeed, if repaired concrete is higher class then repairing material should content more polymer. The justification belongs to the adhesion, which is a fundamental challenge for concrete repair. But also short time to exploitation readiness and many others polymer composites advantages are taken into consideration. In the paper the question: how polymers enhance concrete repair performance? is discussed. The repair rules and methods versus polymer repair materials will be considered.
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Anbupalani, Manju Sri, Chitra Devi Venkatachalam, and Rajasekar Rathanasamy. "Influence of coupling agent on altering the reinforcing efficiency of natural fibre-incorporated polymers – A review." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 13-14 (April 14, 2020): 520–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420918937.
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Natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites are increasingly replacing commercial composite materials. The limitations of conventional composites materials are overcome by green composites, which are easily available, more eco-friendly and less toxic. In the current scenario, green composites are emerging in the field of material science that involves improving their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The poor interfacial adhesion and surface incompatibility between natural fibre and biodegradable polymers lead to reduced physico-mechanical properties. In order to overcome this issue, physical and chemical modification methodologies of the natural fibre and polymer matrix are employed, among which the addition of coupling agents has a critical contribution. This paper compiles several recent research works in the utilization of coupling agents such as silane, maleic anhydride, isocyanate, triazine, etc., with the various combinations of natural fibres and polymers. In addition to this, the extents of influence of coupling agents on the characteristics of the natural fibre reinforced composite materials are also reported. This gives an overview for the future researchers to identify the gap in the field of green composite materials and novel coupling agents for different natural fibre/polymer matrix combination.
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Espe, Matthew P., Saida Y. Ortiz-Colon, Arturo Ponce, and Ronald F. Ziolo. "Structural Characterization of Poly(Sodium 4-Styrene Sulfonate)/CdS Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composites." Materials Science Forum 644 (March 2010): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.644.123.
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The properties of polymer/semiconducting nanoparticle (NP) composites-materials used in hybrid, bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic materials-are dependent on the interaction of the NPs and polymer. Composite films of water soluble polymers and CdS NPs have been produced both by synthesizing the NPs within the polymer matrix and by adding the CdS NPs, containing a capping agent, to the polymer. The composites have been characterized by microscopy as well as 1H, 13C and 113Cd solid-state NMR. When synthesizing the NPs within the polymer, the polymer matrix plays a role in the cadmium sulfide NP nucleation, growth and structure. In the blended system, the dominant interaction between the glycerol capping agent and sulfonated polymer is observed to be hydrogen bonding.
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Bhowmik, Rahul, Kalpana S. Katti, and Dinesh R. Katti. "Influence of Mineral on the Load Deformation Behavior of Polymer in Hydroxyapatite-Polyacrylic Acid Nanocomposite Biomaterials: A Steered Molecular Dynamics Study." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 2075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18267.
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Composites of hydroxyapatite and polymers are widely studied for bone replacement. To perform satisfactorily in the human body, these composites need to be biocompatible and exhibit optimum mechanical properties. The load-deformation behavior of composites is often investigated using experimental techniques. However, the molecular mechanisms of load deformation behavior are not clearly understood. We have used Steered Molecular Dynamics to evaluate the load-deformation behavior at interfaces in polyacrylic acid-hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite models. The polymer is pulled at constant velocity in close proximity of HAP. On comparing the results obtained for deformation behavior of polymer in vicinity of mineral and in the absence of mineral, it was found that energy required to pull the polymer in close proximity of HAP is significantly higher. Also, structural details of the load transfer mechanisms in composite were investigated under both conditions. Our simulations indicate that there is a significant role of mineral-polymer interactions on the mechanical response of polymer.
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Kumar, Santosh, and KK Singh. "Tribological behaviour of fibre-reinforced thermoset polymer composites: A review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 11 (July 21, 2020): 1439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720941554.
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Application of fibre-reinforced polymer composites has increased over the last two decades as compared to conventional materials. This improvement in the application of fibre-reinforced polymer composites is attributed to their unique material properties, such as high strength and stiffness-to-weight ratio, specific modulus and internal vibration damping. However, in most of the industrial applications, composite materials encounter tribological complications. Economic indicators and market dynamics suggested that the market for composite materials is booming and the dominant materials are carbon fibres, glass fibres and thermoset polymer (polyester resin) in resin segments. That is why tribological characteristics are crucial in designing carbon and glass-based fibre-reinforced polymer components. Owing to this importance, the study of tribological behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer composite materials has expanded significantly. The present study has made an attempt to review the fundamental tribological applications and critical aspects of fibre-reinforced polymers, based on research work, which has been carried out over the past couple of decades. This work has primarily focused on the fibre-reinforced polymer composites, based on carbon and glass fibres with thermosets as the matrix material for probing into tribological behaviours. In the process, the focus has largely been on the most commonly occurring erosive and abrasive mode of wear process.
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Augustyn, Piotr, Piotr Rytlewski, Krzysztof Moraczewski, and Adam Mazurkiewicz. "A review on the direct electroplating of polymeric materials." Journal of Materials Science 56, no. 27 (June 24, 2021): 14881–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06246-w.
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AbstractThis work is a review of the literature on the possibilities for electroplating of polymer materials. Methods of metalizing polymers and their composites were presented and discussed. Information from various publications on the electrical properties of polymers and polymer composites was collected and discussed. The most important results on the electroplating of conductive polymers and conductive composites were presented and compared. This work especially focuses on the electrical conductivity of polymer materials. The main focus was the efficiency of metal electrodeposition. Based on the analyzed publications, it was found that electrically deposited metal layers on conductive polymeric materials show discontinuity, considerable roughness, and different layer thickness depending on the distance from the contact electrode. The use of metal nanoparticles (AgNWs) or nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) as a filler enables effective metallization of the polymer composite. Due to the high aspect ratio, it is possible to lower the percolation threshold with a low filler content in the polymer matrix. The presented review reveals many of the problems associated with the effectiveness of the electroplating methods. It indicates the need and direction for further research and development in the field of electroplating of polymer materials and modification of their electrical properties.
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Boissin, E., C. Bois, J.-C. Wahl, and T. Palin-Luc. "Effect of temperature on damage mechanisms and mechanical behaviour of an acrylic-thermoplastic-matrix and glass-fibre-reinforced composite." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (June 3, 2020): 4269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320929056.
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The mechanical response of polymer matrix composites exhibits a temperature dependency even if the service temperature range is lower than the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. This dependency is mainly due to the temperature effect on the mechanical behaviour of the polymer matrix. However, the micro- and meso-structures driving the composite anisotropy and local stress distribution play an essential role regarding the effect of temperature on damage mechanisms specific to reinforced polymers. There are few data in the literature on the sensitivity to temperature of damage mechanisms and scenarios of polymer matrix composites regardless of loading type. In this paper, after a synthetic literature review of the effect of temperature on polymers and polymer composites, several complementary tests are proposed to analyse the temperature effect on damage mechanisms undergone by laminated composites under in-plane quasi static loadings. These tests are applied to an acrylic-thermoplastic composite reinforced by glass fibres in its service temperature range of –20℃ to 60℃. The results show that the testing temperature has a significant impact on the mechanical response and damage mechanisms of the composite material in the selected temperature range, which is markedly lower than the glass transition temperature (around 100℃). While the temperature rise generates a gradual decrease in matrix stiffness and strength, the increase in matrix ductility associated to the stress heterogeneity in the composite microstructure produces a rise in the transverse cracking threshold and removes this damage mode during quasi-static tensile tests when the temperature shifts from 15℃ to 40℃.
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Wang, W., P. Ciselli, E. Kuznetsov, T. Peijs, and A. H. Barber. "Effective reinforcement in carbon nanotube–polymer composites." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1870 (January 11, 2008): 1613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2175.
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Carbon nanotubes have mechanical properties that are far in excess of conventional fibrous materials used in engineering polymer composites. Effective reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes is difficult due to poor dispersion and alignment of the nanotubes along the same axis as the applied force during composite loading. This paper reviews the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and their polymer composites to highlight how many previously prepared composites do not effectively use the excellent mechanical behaviour of the reinforcement. Nanomechanical tests using atomic force microscopy are carried out on simple uniaxially aligned carbon nanotube-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres prepared using electrospinning processes. Dispersion of the carbon nanotubes within the polymer is achieved using a surfactant. Young's modulus of these simple composites is shown to approach theoretically predicted values, indicating that the carbon nanotubes are effective reinforcements. However, the use of dispersant is also shown to lower Young's modulus of the electrospun PVA fibres.
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Martyniuk, G. V., and O. I. Aksimentyeva. "Influence of conductive polymer filler on electrical conductivity and microhardness of composites with dielectric polymeric matrices." Chernivtsi University Scientific Herald. Chemistry, no. 818 (2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/chem-2019-818-11.
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Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called "smart-materials" or "intellectual" materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Сonductive conjugated polymers - polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action - exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvachromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, of microhardness as a material strength characteristic. Composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of conductive polymers dispersed in polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as an conductive polymer filler оn on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polybuthylmethacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA – РАNi and ED-20 - РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA– РАNi at the contents of the filler 5-20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.
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MARTYNІUK, Galyna, and Olena AKSIMENTYEVA. "INFLUENCE OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FILLER ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND MICROHARDNESS OF COMPOSITES WITH DIELECTRIC POLYMERIC MATRICES." Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences 2020, no. 60 (February 25, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.014.
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Nowadays special attention is given to the so-called “smart-materials” or “intellectual” materials, which have the ability to purposefully change their physical and physical-chemical properties depending on changing external conditions. Conductive conjugated polymers–polyaniline (РАNi) and its derivatives may alter their properties in response to external action–exhibit sensory sensitivity, electrochromic, thermochromic and solvatochromic effects. When creating РАNi composites with industrial polymer matrices, an important issue is to determine the physical and mechanical properties, in particular, the microhardness as a material strength characteristic. The composite samples were obtained by the method of thermal pressing of highly dispersed powders of the conductive polymers dispersed in the polymer matrices. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied by the method of measuring microhardness and boundary microhardness on a Heppler consistometer. The determination of the electrical conductivity of the composites in the molded samples was determined by the standard 2-contact method at a temperature T = 293 K. The influence of the acid doped polyaniline (РАNi) as a conductive polymer filler on the microhardness of composites with polymer matrices of different structure (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybuthyl methacrylate (PBMA), epoxy resin ED-20) was studied. It is found that the nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymer filler depends on its content and the structure of the matrix, which is manifested in the growth of microhardness for composites PBMA–РАNi and ED-20−РАNi and its reduction for composites PVA–РАNi at the contents of the filler 5−20 %. The dielectric polymer matrix preserves the properties inherent in both high polymers (high elasticity, thermoplasticity) and the semiconductor nature of the electrical conductivity inherent in the conjugated polymers. The value of the specific conductivity of the composites obtained well correlated with changes in microhardness, which is a confirmation of the enhancing or loosening nature of the interaction between the polymer matrix and the conductive polymeric filler.
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Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, and P. R. Yaashikaa. "Ionic Polymer Metal Composites." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.64.
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Electroactive polymers, or EAPs, are polymers that show an adjustment fit as a fiddle when invigorated by an electric field. Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are electro-dynamic polymers with great electromechanical coupling properties. They are proficient applicants in many progressed innovative applications, for example, actuators, artificial muscles, biomimetic sensors, and so forth. Type of membrane and electrodes determines the morphology and structure of IPMCs. IPMCs can be prepared using physical loading, chemical deposition and electroplating methods. The assembling of anodes for IPMCs is exceptionally basic in their electromechanical coupling. Optimization of force, determination of cations and molecule size dispersal inside the IPMC structure, and so on are the different components, which decides their proficiency. An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) comprising of a thin Nafion sheet, platinum plated on the two side faces, experiences extensive twisting movement when an electric field is connected over its thickness. Then again, a voltage is created over its appearances when it is all of a sudden bends. IPMCs are best known for their proving advantages such as biocompactible, low activating voltage and more power efficiency
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Lee, Ching Hao, Abdan Khalina, N. Mohd Nurazzi, Abdullah Norli, M. M. Harussani, S. Ayu Rafiqah, H. A. Aisyah, and Natasha Ramli. "The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091390.
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In this review, the challenges faced by woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites in Malaysia were addressed with respect to three major aspects: woven kenaf reinforcement quality, Malaysian citizen awareness of woven kenaf thermoset composite products, and government supports. Kenaf plantations were introduced in Malaysia in the last two decades, but have generally not produced much kenaf composite product that has been widely accepted by the public. However, woven kenaf fiber enhances the thermoset composites to a similar degree or better than other natural fibers, especially with respect to impact resistance. Woven kenaf composites have been applied in automotive structural studies in Malaysia, yet they are still far from commercialization. Hence, this review discusses the kenaf fiber woven in Malaysia, thermoset and bio-based thermoset polymers, thermoset composite processing methods and, most importantly, the challenges faced in Malaysia. This review sets guidelines, provides an overview, and shares knowledge as to the potential challenges currently faced by woven kenaf reinforcements in thermoset polymer composites, allowing researchers to shift their interests and plans for conducting future studies on woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites.
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Liu, Ning, and Lilin Jiang. "Effect of microstructural features on the thermal conducting behavior of carbon nanofiber–reinforced styrene-based shape memory polymer composites." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 14 (June 20, 2020): 1716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20932216.
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This article presents a novel hierarchical micromechanics approach to carefully investigate the thermal conductivities of styrene-based shape memory polymer composites containing carbon nanofibers. The research is mainly focused on the simulation of carbon nanofiber/shape memory polymer interfacial thermal resistance and carbon nanofiber agglomeration as two critical microstructural features of carbon nanofiber–shape memory polymer composite materials. The computed results are compared with the available experimental measurements. It is found that both of those microstructural factors along with carbon nanofiber non-straight shape significantly affecting the thermal conducting behavior must be incorporated in the analysis to have a more realistic prediction. The thermal conductivity of carbon nanofiber–reinforced shape memory polymer composites reduces significantly due to the effects of carbon nanofiber/shape memory polymer interfacial resistance and carbon nanofiber agglomeration and waviness. It is suggested to uniformly disperse carbon nanofibers into the shape memory polymers and reduce interfacial resistance for improving the carbon nanofiber–styrene composite thermal properties. In addition, the present study reveals that the effective thermal conductivities of the shape memory polymer composites reinforced by aligned carbon nanofibers are greatly enhanced over those of the shape memory polymer composites containing randomly dispersed carbon nanofibers. The effects of percentage, waviness parameters, degree of agglomeration, material properties, length and diameter of carbon nanofibers as well as interfacial thermal resistance value on the thermal behavior of carbon nanofiber–reinforced styrene-based shape memory polymer composites are investigated.
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Aneli, Jimsher, Lana Shamanauri, Eliza Markarashvili, Tamar Tatrishvili, and Omar Mukbaniani. "POLYMER-SILICATE COMPOSITES WITH MODIFIED MINERALS." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.02.201.
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Dutta, Sayan Deb, Dinesh K. Patel, Yu-Ri Seo, Chan-Woo Park, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jin-Woo Kim, Jangho Kim, Hoon Seonwoo, and Ki-Taek Lim. "In Vitro Biocompatibility of Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Cellulose Nanocrystals-Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (October 15, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2061545.
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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as promising materials for the fabrication of micro/nanoplatforms that can replace tissues more effectively. CNCs offer interesting properties that facilitate the enhancement of polymer properties. Cytotoxicity of rice husk-derived CNCs was evaluated through WST-1 assay in the presence of human mesenchymal stem cells. Electrospinning technique was used to fabricate nanofibers of poly-ε-caprolactone and its composites. Significant improvement in the mechanical property was observed in the composites relative to the pure polymer. This improvement was attributed to the better interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and CNCs. Notably, better cell viability and differentiation were observed with the composite nanofibers than with the pure polymers. The osteogenic potential of the fabricated nanofibers was assessed by alizarin red S staining and real-time PCR. Enhanced mineralization occurred in the presence of the composite rather than pure polymer nanofibers. Furthermore, the higher levels of osteogenic markers observed with the media containing the composites clearly indicated their osteogenic potential. These results suggested that fabricated composites have the potential to be used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
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Kulhan, Taniya, Arun Kamboj, Nitin Kumar Gupta, and Nalin Somani. "Fabrication methods of glass fibre composites—a review." Functional Composites and Structures 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac6411.
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Abstract The use of polymer composite has been implemented since 3400 B.C, the very first known composite’s application is attributed to the Mesopotamians. These ancient people fabricated plywood with glued wood strips placed at various distinct angles and in the late 1930s glass fiber thin strands have been developed. Glass fibre polymer composites have a wide scope in various engineering structures submarines, spacecraft, airplanes, automobiles, sports, and many more, over traditional materials because of their superior properties including lightweight, high fracture toughness, corrosion, fatigue, wear & fire resistance, high strength to weight ratio, high modulus and low coefficient of expansion. Various technologies have been developed so far to create different types of polymer composites in accordance with their properties and applications. Glass fiber possesses better properties as great strength, better flexibility, stiffness, and chemical corrosion resistance. Glass fibers are generally in the form of cut-up strand, fabrics and mats. Every kind of glass fibers has different properties and has various applications as in polymer composites. The aim of this review paper is to provide updated technological insights regarding the evolution of composite, classification of gass fibre polymer composites, development methodology in contrast with various applications, advantages and limitations and their behavioral properties.
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Lv, Xiangmeng, Ming Kang, Kexu Chen, Lu Yuan, Simin Shen, Rong Sun, and Lixian Song. "Preparation of fluorescent calcium carbonate and visualization of its dispersion states in polypropylene." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 7 (August 20, 2019): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319869822.
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The dispersion states of fillers in the polymer matrix is an important factor to determine the properties of the polymer composites. Mastering the dispersion structure of inorganic minerals such as calcium carbonate in the polymer matrix is of great significance for the design of high performant polymer composites. Currently, due to the limitations of conventional electron microscope imaging capabilities, it is difficult to understand the internal dispersion structure of fillers in polymer composites comprehensively, regionally and stereoscopically. Here, we successfully embed the rare earth complex into the silica of the calcium carbonate surface to realize the fluorescent labeling of the calcium carbonate fillers. The fluorescent calcium carbonate exhibited broad excitation band ranging from 220 nm to 440 nm and showed bright red under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The two-dimensional dispersion states of the fillers at different depths in the polymer composite were obtained by the fluorescent imaging ability of laser scanning confocal microscope; these two-dimensional confocal images were further three-dimensionally reconstructed through Avizo Fire VSG software, and the spatial distribution of fillers in polymer composite was obtained without damage. This characterization method provides a new noninvasive method for studying the dispersion structure of fillers in polymers.
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Borukaev, T. A., A. Kh Shaov, A. M. Kharaev, and A. S. Borodulin. "Influence of the compatibilizer on the properties of composites based on low density polyethylene and polybutylene terephthalate." E3S Web of Conferences 413 (2023): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341302037.
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Composite materials based on a polymer mixture -low density polyethylene and polybutylene terephthalate -have been obtained and investigated. To improve the compatibility of two thermodynamically incompatible polymers, a compatibilizer was used, which is polyethylene modified with maleic anhydride. It was found that the compatibilization of the polymer mixture low density polyethylene/polybutylene terephthalate, leads to a significant change in the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of the composite. It is shown that the introduction of compatibilizer leads to an increase in the viscosity of the polymer mixture, which is caused by a change in the density of molecular entanglements. In turn, compatibilized composites are inferior in hardness to noncompatibilized composites. It was found that changes in the morphology of composites upon compatibilization lead to an improvement in the strength of the material. It was shown that the plasticity of the polymer mixture increases upon compatibilization, which makes it possible to improve the dissipative capabilities of the material.
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Ridho, Muhammad Rasyidur, Erika Ayu Agustiany, Muslimatul Rahmi Dn, Elvara Windra Madyaratri, Muhammad Ghozali, Witta Kartika Restu, Faizatul Falah, et al. "Lignin as Green Filler in Polymer Composites: Development Methods, Characteristics, and Potential Applications." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (April 30, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1363481.
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After cellulose, lignin is the most commonly used natural polymer in green biomaterials. Pulp and paper mills and emerging cellulosic biorefineries are the main sources of technical lignin. However, only 2–5% of lignin has been converted into biomaterials. Making lignin-based polymer biocomposites to replace petroleum-based composites has piqued the interest of many researchers worldwide due to the positive environmental impact of traditional composites over time. In composite development, lignin is being used as a filler in commercial polymers to improve biodegradability and possibly lower production costs. As a natural polymer, lignin may have different properties depending on the isolation method and source, affecting polymer-based composites. The application has been affected by the characteristics of lignin and the uniform distribution of lignin in polymers. The review’s goal was to provide an overview of technical lignin extraction, properties, and its potential appropriate utilization. It was also planned to revisit the lignin-based composites’ preparation procedure as well as their composite characteristics. Solvent casting and extrusion methods are used to fabricate lignin from polymeric matrices such as polypropylene, epoxy, polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid, starch, wood fiber, natural rubber, and chitosan. Packaging, biomedical materials, automotive, advanced biocomposites, flame retardant, and other applications for lignin-based composites has existed. As a result, the technology is still being refined to increase the performance of lignin-based biocomposites in several applications. This review could assist explain lignin’s position as a composite additive, which could lead to more efficient processing and application strategies.
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Jong, Lei. "Mechanical properties of heterophase polymer blends of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler and poly (styrene–butadiene)." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 44, no. 3 (January 5, 2012): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311428894.
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Reinforcement effect of cryogenically fractured soy flour composite filler in soft polymer was investigated in this study. Polymer composites were prepared by melt-mixing polymer and soy flour composite fillers in an internal mixer. Soy flour composite fillers were prepared by blending aqueous soy flour dispersion and styrene–butadiene rubber latex to form a mixture, which was then dried and cryogenically ground into powders. Upon cross-linking, the heterophase composite filler was integrated into rubber polymer and exhibited enhanced mechanical properties. Tensile strength, elongation, Young’s modulus, toughness, and tear resistance of the heterophase polymer composites were better than those of the polymer matrix. The composites reinforced by the composite fillers prepared with different polymer matrices showed that the composite filler prepared with styrene–butadiene instead of carboxylated styrene–butadiene matrix produced composites with greater elongation ratio and toughness but smaller Young’s modulus. The study of elongation rate showed that the soy flour composite fillers produced the composites with useful tensile strength, elongation ratio, and toughness at 500 mm/min strain rate. The study also showed that the effect of soy flour/polymer ratio of the composite fillers on the composite mechanical properties was small.
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Ahmad Fauzi, Asfa Amalia, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Awad A. Alrashdi, Zaleha Mustafa, and Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim. "On the Use of Dolomite as a Mineral Filler and Co-Filler in the Field of Polymer Composites: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142843.
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Polymers are being used in many applications all around the world. However, there are some drawbacks in the properties of polymers that could hamper their usage in certain applications. Therefore, a new material polymer composite was introduced. A polymer composite is a polymer-based material with the addition of a filler. Many researchers have reported the improvement in the properties of a polymer when a filler was introduced. This helps minimize the disadvantages of using a polymer. As a result, polymer composite products can be used in many industries, such as automobile, aerospace, biomedical, and packaging. Fillers derived from natural minerals, such as dolomite, are among the best reinforcement materials for polymeric materials because they are plentiful and low cost, have high rigidity and hardness, and even have tailorable surface chemistry. The use of dolomite as a filler in a polymer composite system has gained increasing attention in recent years after researchers successfully proved that it is capable of improving the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of various polymeric materials. However, chemical or physical treatment/modification of raw dolomite is needed in order to prepare it as an efficient reinforcing filler. This procedure helps to improve the performance of the resultant polymer composites. This article reviews the usage of dolomite as a filler in a variety of polymeric materials and how it improved the performance of the polymer composite materials. It also highlights several methods that have been used for the purpose dolomite’s treatment/modification. Furthermore, the role of dolomite as a co-filler or a hybrid filler in a polymer composite system is also discussed, revealing the great potential and prospect of this mineral filler in the field of polymer composites for advanced applications.
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Kashytskyi, V. P., O. L. Sadova, M. D. Melnychuk, G. I. Golodyuk, and O. B. Klymovets. "Structuring of Modified Epoxy Composite Materials by Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Engineering Sciences 10, no. 1 (2023): C9—C16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2023.10(1).c2.
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A comparative evaluation of the structuring processes of the epoxy polymer system with epoxy polymers modified with polyvinyl chloride solution and epoxy composites filled with finely dispersed titanium oxide powder was carried out. Analysis of the infrared (IR) absorption spectra of the studied epoxy polymer and epoxy composite materials showed the presence of deformation and valence vibrations of certain groups of atoms. The oscillations of groups of atoms with double bonds and regions of existence of triple bonds were also revealed. In the region of high frequencies, absorption bands correspond to valence vibrations of groups containing a hydrogen atom. The presence of triple bonds in the epoxy polymer system was determined, indicating unreacted functional groups. This fact corresponds to the low content of the gel fraction of unmodified epoxy polymers after heat treatment and indicates the formation of a system with insufficient chemical bonds. The absorption bands of the epoxy composite material filled with titanium oxide powder are characterized by a lower optical density and a larger peak area compared to the bands of the unmodified epoxy polymer, which indicates the formation of a higher number of crosslinking nodes of the epoxy composite material. The introduction of polyvinyl chloride into the composition of the epoxy polymer system increases the degree of structuring of epoxy polymers. However, a smaller number of formed chemical bonds of the modified epoxy polymer was recorded compared to epoxy composites containing titanium oxide particles. The highest degree of structuring is provided in polyvinyl chloride-modified epoxy composites containing titanium oxide powder due to intensive structuring and formation of double and triple bonds.
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Manurung, Rokki, Sutan Simanjuntak, Jesayas Sembiring, Richard A. M. Napitupulu, and Suriady Sihombing. "Analisa Kekuatan Bahan Komposit Yang Diperkuat Serat Bambu Menggunakan Resin Polyester Dengan Memvariasikan Susunan Serat Secara Acak Dan Lurus Memanjang." SPROCKET JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2, no. 1 (November 5, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/sproket.v2i1.296.
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Composites are materials which are mixed with one or more different and heterogeneous reinforcement. Matrix materials can generally be polymers, ceramics and metals. The matrix in the composite serves to distribute the load into all reinforcing material. Matrix properties are usually ductile. The reinforcing material in the composite has the role of holding the load received by the composite material. The nature of the reinforcing material is usually rigid and tough. Strengthening materials commonly used so far are carbon fiber, glass fiber, ceramics. The use of natural fibers as a type of fiber that has advantages began to be applied as a reinforcing material in polymer composites. This study seeks to see the effect of the use of bamboo natural fibers in polyester resin matrix on the strength of polymer composites with random and straight lengthwise fiber variations. From the tensile test results it can be seen that bamboo fibers can increase the strength of polymer composites made from polyester resin and the position of the longitudinal fibers gives a significantly more strength increase than random fibers.
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GODA, K., A. GOMES, T. KAJI, and J. OHGI. "PMC-04: Plastic Deformation Ability of High Strength Natural Fiber Green Composites(PMC-I: POLYMERS AND POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)." Proceedings of the JSME Materials and Processing Conference (M&P) 2005 (2005): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeintmp.2005.2_1.
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Alsewailem, Fares D., and Yazeed A. Binkhder. "Effect of Coupling Agent on the Properties of Polymer/Date Pits Composites." Journal of Composites 2014 (January 9, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/412432.
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The morphology of the fracture surfaces of polymer/date pits composites was investigated. Polymers used in this study were high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS). Date pits in the form of granules were two types of date pits: khlaas (K) and sekari (S). Two coupling agents, diphenylmethane-4 4′-diisocyanate (DPMI) and ethylene propylene grafted with malice anhydride (EP-g-MA), were used to ease the incorporation of date pit particles into polymer matrix. The SEM micrographs of the neat composites, that is, with no coupling agents, showed coarse morphology with bad dispersion, adhesion, and distribution of date pit particles within the polymer matrix. On the other hand, PS100/K composites coupled with DPMI and EP-g-MA had reasonable dispersed phase size with good distribution and adhesion to the composite matrix which in turn improve the mechanical properties of the resulted polymer/date pits composites.
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Sun, Min, Xiaokun Sun, Zhenqing Wang, Mengzhou Chang, and Hao Li. "The Influence of Shape Memory Alloy Volume Fraction on the Impact Behavior of Polymer Composites." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2018): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111280.
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The low-velocity impact behavior of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) reinforced resin matrix polymers is investigated and the influence of the SMA volume fraction on the impact performance of polymer composites is considered for the first time, which are the highlights in this paper. Firstly, 12 kinds of polymer composite specimens with different SMA volume fractions are fabricated in terms of the SMA layup spacing, SMA diameter, and the interaction between the two. Secondly, a low-velocity impact test is carried out in order to study the impact performances of the above polymer composites. Finally, the damage morphology of the specimen after impact is observed by the visualization method and the low-velocity impact performance of the 12 kinds of polymer composites is analyzed on the basis of the force and energy history curve.