Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer colloids

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer colloids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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Lattuada, Marco, and Kata Dorbic. "Polymer Colloids: Moving beyond Spherical Particles." CHIMIA 76, no. 10 (October 26, 2022): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2022.841.

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When thinking about colloidal particles, the fist image that comes into mind is that of tiny little polystyrene spheres with a narrow size distribution. While spherical polymer colloids are one of the workhorses of colloid science, scientists have been working on the development of progressively advanced strategies to move beyond particles with spherical shapes, and prepared polymer colloids with more complex morphologies. This short review aims at providing a summary of these developments, focusing primarily on methods applicable to submicron particles, with an eye towards their applications and some discussion about advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches.
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Lee, Kyoungmun, and Siyoung Q. Choi. "Stratification of polymer–colloid mixtures via fast nonequilibrium evaporation." Soft Matter 16, no. 45 (2020): 10326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01504k.

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Priyadarshini, N., M. Sampath, Shekhar Kumar, U. Kamachi Mudali, and R. Natarajan. "Probing Uranium(IV) Hydrolyzed Colloids and Polymers by Light Scattering." Journal of Nuclear Chemistry 2014 (March 26, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/232967.

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Tetravalent uranium readily undergoes hydrolysis even in highly acidic aqueous solutions. In the present work, solutions ranging from 0.4 to 19 mM (total U) concentration (1<pH<4) are carefully investigated by light scattering technique with special emphasis on polymerization leading to colloid formation. The results clearly indicate that the concentration has significant effect on particle size as well as stability of colloids. With increasing concentration the size of colloids formed is smaller due to more crystalline nature of the colloids. Stability of colloids formed at lower concentration is greater than that of colloids formed at higher concentration. Weight average molecular weight of the freshly prepared and colloidal polymers aged for 3 days is determined from the Debye plot. It increases from 1,800 to 13,000 Da. 40–50 atoms of U are considered to be present in the polymer. Positive value of second virial coefficient shows that solute-solvent interaction is high leading to stable suspension. The results of this work are a clear indication that U(IV) hydrolysis does not differ from hydrolysis of Pu(IV).
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La Mesa, Camillo. "Hybrid Colloids Made with Polymers." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (June 13, 2024): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125135.

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Polymers adsorb onto nanoparticles, NPs, by different mechanisms. Thus, they reduce coagulation, avoid undesired phase separation or clustering, and give rise to hybrid colloids. These find uses in many applications. In cases of noncovalent interactions, polymers adsorb onto nanoparticles, which protrude from their surface; the polymer in excess remains in the medium. In covalent mode, conversely, polymers form permanent links with functional groups facing outward from the NPs’ surface. Polymers in contact with the solvent minimize attractive interactions among the NPs. Many contributions stabilize such adducts: the NP–polymer, polymer–polymer, and polymer–solvent interaction modes are the most relevant. Changes in the degrees of freedom of surface-bound polymer portions control the stability of the adducts they form with NPs. Wrapped, free, and protruding polymer parts favor depletion and control the adducts’ properties if surface adsorption is undesired. The binding of surfactants onto NPs takes place too, but their stabilizing effect is much less effective than the one due to polymers. The underlying reason for this is that surfactants easily adsorb onto surfaces, but they desorb if the resulting adducts are not properly stabilized. Polymers interact with surfactants, both when the latter are in molecular or associated forms. The interactions occur between polymers and ionic surfactants or amphiphiles associated with vesicular entities. Hybrids obtained in these ways differ each from each other. The mechanisms governing hybrid formation are manifold and span from being purely electrostatic to other modes. The adducts that do form are quite diverse in their sizes, shapes, and features, and depend significantly on composition and mole ratios. Simple approaches clarify the interactions among different particle types that yield hybrids.
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Ali, Imran, Sara H. Althakfi, Mohammad Suhail, Marcello Locatelli, Ming-Fa Hsieh, Mosa Alsehli, and Ahmed M. Hameed. "Advances in Polymeric Colloids for Cancer Treatment." Polymers 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 5445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245445.

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Polymer colloids have remarkable features and are gaining importance in many areas of research including medicinal science. Presently, the innovation of cancer drugs is at the top in the world. Polymer colloids have been used as drug delivery and diagnosis agents in cancer treatment. The polymer colloids may be of different types such as micelles, liposomes, emulsions, cationic carriers, and hydrogels. The current article describes the state-of-the-art polymer colloids for the treatment of cancer. The contents of this article are about the role of polymeric nanomaterials with special emphasis on the different types of colloidal materials and their applications in targeted cancer therapy including cancer diagnoses. In addition, attempts are made to discuss future perspectives. This article will be useful for academics, researchers, and regulatory authorities.
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Smith, Gregory N., Matthew J. Derry, James E. Hallett, Joseph R. Lovett, Oleksander O. Mykhaylyk, Thomas J. Neal, Sylvain Prévost, and Steven P. Armes. "Refractive index matched, nearly hard polymer colloids." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2226 (June 2019): 20180763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0763.

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Refractive index matched particles serve as essential model systems for colloid scientists, providing nearly hard spheres to explore structure and dynamics. The poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes typically used are often refractive index matched by dispersing them in binary solvent mixtures, but this can lead to undesirable changes, such as particle charging or swelling. To avoid these shortcomings, we have synthesized refractive index matched colloids using polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) rather than as polymer latexes. The crucial difference is that these diblock copolymer nanoparticles consist of a single core-forming polymer in a single non-ionizable solvent. The diblock copolymer chosen was poly(stearyl methacrylate)–poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PSMA–PTFEMA), which self-assembles to form PTFEMA core spheres in n -alkanes. By monitoring scattered light intensity, n -tetradecane was found to be the optimal solvent for matching the refractive index of such nanoparticles. As expected for PISA syntheses, the diameter of the colloids can be controlled by varying the PTFEMA degree of polymerization. Concentrated dispersions were prepared, and the diffusion of the PSMA–PTFEMA nanoparticles as a function of volume fraction was measured. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are a promising new system of transparent spheres for future colloidal studies.
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Okubo, Masayoshi. "Polymer Colloids." Kobunshi 40, no. 10 (1991): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.40.704.

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Huglin, Malcolm B. "Polymer colloids." Polymer 27, no. 4 (April 1986): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(86)90253-3.

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Soetrisno, Diego D., Carina D. V. Martínez Narváez, Mariah J. Gallegos, Vivek Sharma, and Jacinta C. Conrad. "Pinching dynamics and extensional rheology of dense colloidal suspensions with depletion attractions." Journal of Rheology 68, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000717.

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We study the extensional flow properties by characterizing the capillarity-driven pinching dynamics of dense colloidal suspensions at a constant volume fraction ϕ=0.40 with polymer-induced depletion interactions using a dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) protocol. Methacrylate copolymer particles with dimethylacrylamide copolymer brushes are suspended in a refractive-index- and density-matched mixture of 80 (w/w)% glycerol in water with NaCl added to screen the electrostatic repulsions. Depletion attractions between the colloids are introduced by adding polyacrylamide polymers of weight and dispersity. The addition of polymer delays and modifies the pinch-off dynamics of the dense suspensions, depending on the size and dispersity of the polymer. The extensional relaxation time λE of suspensions collapses as a function of the normalized free volume polymer concentration c/c∗ with the corresponding polymer solutions, indicating that the elastic properties of the polymer solutions control the extensional time scale. Following the results of our previous study [Soetrisno et al., Macromolecules 56, 4919–4928 (2023)], the polymer size determines the scaling exponent of λE for colloid-polymer mixtures in the dilute regime and high dispersity shifts the concentration where the scaling of λE transitions from power-law to linear. The filament lifespans tf of colloid-polymer mixtures and of polymer solutions collapse onto a master curve as a function of c/c∗ when normalized by the filament lifespan of the corresponding fluid without polymer tf,0. These results provide insight into the role of the polymer size in dictating the pinching dynamics and extensional rheology of colloid-polymer mixtures and further suggest that the shear and extensional responses of these mixtures can be separately tuned through the concentrations of the two constituents.
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Wang, Likun, Zhaoran Chu, Xuanjun Ning, Ziwei Huang, Wenwei Tang, Weizhong Jiang, Jiayi Ye, and Cheng Chen. "Inverse Colloidal Crystal Polymer Coating with Monolayer Ordered Pore Structure." Crystals 12, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030378.

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A functional lens coating, based on the structure of inversed colloidal photonic crystals, is proposed. The color-reflecting colloidal crystal was first prepared by self-assembly of nano-colloids and was infiltrated by adhesive polymer solution. As the polymer was crosslinked and the crystal array was removed, a robust mesh-like coating was achieved. Such a functional coating has good transmittance and has a shielding efficiency of ~9% for UV–blue light according to different particle sizes of the nano-colloids, making it an ideal functional material.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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Quarcoo, Naa Larteokor. "Modeling polymer-colloid phase behavior." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 152 p, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440615.

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Köhler, Werner. "Hot colloids in polymer networks." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179496.

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Cohen, Jack Andrew. "Active colloids and polymer translocation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8fd2e5d-f96f-4f75-8be8-fc506155aa0f.

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This thesis considers two areas of research in non-equilibrium soft matter at the mesoscale. In the first part we introduce active colloids in the context of active matter and focus on the particular case of phoretic colloids. The general theory of phoresis is presented along with an expression for the phoretic velocity of a colloid and its rotational diffusion in two and three dimensions. We introduce a model for thermally active colloids that absorb light and emit heat and propel through thermophoresis. Using this model we develop the equations of motion for their collective dynamics and consider excluded volume through a lattice gas formalism. Solutions to the thermoattractive collective dynamics are studied in one dimension analytically and numerically. A few numerical results are presented for the collective dynamics in two dimensions. We simulate an unconfined system of thermally active colloids under directed illumination with simple projection based geometric optics. This system self-organises into a comet-like swarm and exhibits a wide range of non- equilibrium phenomena. In the second part we review the background of polymer translocation, including key experiments, theoretical progress and simulation studies. We present, discuss and use a common model to investigate the potential of patterned nanopores for stochastic sensing and identification of polynucleotides and other heteropolymers. Three pore patterns are characterised in terms of the response of a homopolymer with varying attractive affinity. This is extended to simple periodic block co-polymer heterostructures and a model device is proposed and demonstrated with two stochastic sensing algorithms. We find that mul- tiple sequential measurements of the translocation time is sufficient for identification with high accuracy. Motivated by fluctuating biological channels and the prospect of frequency based selectivity we investigate the response of a homopolymer through a pore that has a time dependent geometry. We show that a time dependent mobility can capture many features of the frequency response.
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Golz, Paul Michael. "Dynamics of colloids in polymer solutions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10922.

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The dynamics of a dilute suspension of colloids diffusing in a simple liquid are well understood and are characterised by the Stokes-Einstein equation. However the validity of this equation for describing the diffusion of a colloid through a polymer solution has been questioned. In this work the motion of dilute poly-methylmethacrylate spheres diffusing through a solution of flexible polystyrene polymers has been studied. Dynamic light scattering was used to measure the self-diffusion of the spheres and the diffusion coefficient for this motion was found to exhibit time dependence. At short times the colloid moves faster than expected from a simple 'polymer solution as a continuum' assumption whereas at longer times this assumption appears valid. Solutions with polymer concentrations up to half the overlap concentration were investigated: the ratio of short to long time diffusion Ds/DL was found to increase with concentration. The effect of changing the quality of the solvent from theta to good was also investigated and no qualitative difference was found. In these experiments it was found that the effect of scattering from the polymer was more significant that initially expected. In particular, the presence of cross scattering, in which the electric field scattered from the colloid is correlated with that from the polymer, can be as high as 30%, despite the polymer scattering being only a few percent. A method for both calculating and experimentally measuring the magnitude of the cross scattering has been described. A new experimental methodology is proposed to minimise the cross and polymer scattering, allowing for measurement of the colloid scattering alone.
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Green, Nicholas David. "Investigating clay-nonionic polymer interactions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389120.

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Mahaffy, Rachel Elaine. "The quantitative characterization of the viscoelastic properties of cells and polymer gels /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004328.

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Chen, Yuanye. "Synthesis and Study of Engineered Heterogenous Polymer Gels." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278503/.

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This dissertation studies physical properties and technological applications of engineered heterogenous polymer gels. Such gels are synthesized based on modulation of gel chemical nature in space. The shape memory gels have been developed in this study by using the modulated gel technology. At room temperature, they form a straight line. As the temperature is increased, they spontaneously bend or curl into a predetermined shape such as a letter of the alphabet, a numerical number, a spiral, a square, or a fish. The shape changes are reversible. The heterogenous structures have been also obtained on the gel surface. The central idea is to cover a dehydrated gel surface with a patterned mask, then to sputter-deposit a gold film onto it. After removing the mask, a gold pattern is left on the gel surface. Periodical surface array can serve as gratings to diffract light. The grating constant can be continuously changed by the external environmental stimuli such as temperature and electric field. Several applications of gels with periodic surface arrays as sensors for measuring gel swelling ratio, internal strain under an uniaxial stress, and shear modulus have been demonstrated. The porous NIPA gels have been synthesized by suspension technique. Microstructures of newly synthesized gels are characterized by both SEM and capillary test and are related to their swelling and mechanical properties. The heterogenous porous NIPA gel shrink about 35,000 times faster than its counterpart--the homogeneous NIPA gel. Development of such fast responsive gels can result in sensors and devices applications. A new gel system with built-in anisotropy is studied. This gel system consists of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) gels of polyacrylamide (PAAM) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA). The swelling property of the anisotropy IPN gels along the pre-stressing direction is different from that along other directions, in contrast to conventional gels which swell isotropically. It is found that the ratio (L/D) of length (L) and diameter (D) of IPN samples has step-wise changes as the samples are heated from below the volume phase transition temperature to the above. A theoretical model is proposed and is in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Liang, Ya Palmese Giuseppe R. Lowman Anthony M. "Functional polymer-polymer composites by nano/meso-fiber encapsulation : applications in drug delivery systems and polymer toughening /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3316.

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Wu, Lin. "Synthesis, modification and applications of polymer colloids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581974.

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Three approaches were used for the preparation of polymer colloids, including block copolymer micellization, miniemulsion and dispersion polymerisation. Polymers, ego PDMAEMA, PDMAEMA-b-PBMA, P(PDMA-PS)4, P(PS-PDMA)4, involved in the preparation were synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The details of each approach are given below. In the first approach, well-defined amphiphilic star block copolymers, P-(PS- PDMA)4 and P-(PDMA-PS)4 (P: porphyrin) were prepared from a free base porphyrin-cored chain transfer agent (CTA-FBP) and used for self-assembly studies. In methanol, a selective solvent for PDMA, spherical micelles were observed for both block copolymers, as characterized by TEM. UV-VIS studies suggested that star-like micelles were formed from P-(PS-PDMA)4, while P-(PDMA-PS)4 aggregated into flower-like micelles. In the second approach, miniemulsions, prepared using PDMAEMA-b-PBMA or PDMAEMA polymers were used as templates for the synthesis of polymer nanocapsules via the quaternization cross-linking of PDMAEMA (block), using 1, 2- bis(2-iodoethoxy)ethane (BIEE) as a bifunctional crosslinker. The miniemulsion prepared from block copolymers of PDMAEMA-b-PBMA were used as templates for the synthesis of Prussian Blue nanoshells, while cross-linked PDMAEMA homopolymer miniemulsions were used as capsules for hydrophobic dyes. In the last approach, PDMS-CTAs (poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based chain transfer agents) were prepared and used as stabilizers in the dispersion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in hexane. The effect of several factors, including the molecular weight of the PDMS and the concentration of the initiator, on the MMA polymerisation was investigated. The kinetics of the polymerisation in the presence of two CTAs were also investigated.
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Steward, Paul A. "Modification of the permeability of polymer latex films." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296030.

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Books on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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R, Buscall, Corner T, and Stageman J. F, eds. Polymer colloids. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1985.

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Daniels, Eric S., E. David Sudol, and Mohamed S. El-Aasser, eds. Polymer Colloids. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0801.

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Priestley, Rodney, and Robert Prud'homme, eds. Polymer Colloids. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016476.

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Fitch, Robert McLellan. Polymer colloids: A comprehensive introduction. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997.

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El-Aasser, Mohamed S., and Robert M. Fitch, eds. Future Directions in Polymer Colloids. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3685-0.

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Candau, Françoise, and Ronald H. Ottewill, eds. An Introduction to Polymer Colloids. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0521-4.

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1943-, Candau Françoise, Ottewill Ronald H, and NATO Advanced Study Institute on Polymer Colloids (1988 : Strasbourg, France), eds. An Introduction to polymer colloids. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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S, El-Aasser Mohamed, Fitch Robert McLellan 1928-, and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., eds. Future directions in polymer colloids. Dordrecht: Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division by M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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Eric, Dickinson, and Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Food polymers, gels and colloids: Based on the proceedings of an international symposium organized by the Food Chemistry Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry of Norwich, from 28th-30th March, 1990. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1991.

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Polymer Networks Group Meeting (16th 2002 Autrans, France). Functional networks and gels: Papers presented at the 16th Polymer Networks Group Meeting : polymer networks 2002 : held in Autrans, France, 2-6 September 2002. Edited by Geissler Erik and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Macromolecular Division. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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Lekkerkerker, Henk N. W., Remco Tuinier, and Mark Vis. "Further Manifestations of Depletion Effects." In Colloids and the Depletion Interaction, 343–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52131-7_11.

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AbstractIn this chapter we provide examples of the manifestations of depletion effects in areas such as biology and technology. The addition of nonadsorbing polymers to colloidal suspensions can cause phase separation of the mixture into a colloid-rich and a polymer-rich phase.
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Lekkerkerker, Henk N. W., Remco Tuinier, and Mark Vis. "The Interface in Demixed Colloid–Polymer Dispersions." In Colloids and the Depletion Interaction, 185–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52131-7_5.

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AbstractIn Chaps. 3 and 4, the focus was on theory and experiments related to the phase behaviour of mixtures containing colloidal spheres and nonadsorbing polymers. As we have seen, when the polymer coils are sufficiently large relative to the colloidal spheres, a colloidal gas–liquid (fluid–fluid) phase separation may occur. The two phases that appear differ in composition. One phase is a dilute colloidal fluid (a colloidal ‘gas’) dispersed in a concentrated polymer solution. This phase coexists with a concentrated colloidal fluid (a colloidal ‘liquid’) dispersed in a dilute polymer solution.
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Ho, Chee-Cheong. "Colloids in Industries: Polymer Colloids." In Encyclopedia of Colloid and Interface Science, 117–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20665-8_167.

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Dawkins, J. V., and S. A. Shakir. "Nonaqueous Polymer Colloids." In ACS Symposium Series, 432–44. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0492.ch027.

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Rowell, R. L. "Characterization of Polymer Colloids." In An Introduction to Polymer Colloids, 187–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0521-4_7.

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Rowell, R. L. "Characterization of Polymer Colloids." In Scientific Methods for the Study of Polymer Colloids and Their Applications, 187–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1950-1_7.

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Ottewill, R. H. "Stability of Polymer Colloids." In Polymeric Dispersions: Principles and Applications, 31–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5512-0_3.

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Ottewill, R. H. "Characterization of Polymer Colloids." In Future Directions in Polymer Colloids, 253–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3685-0_16.

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González García, Álvaro. "On the Colloidal Stability of Association Colloids." In Polymer-Mediated Phase Stability of Colloids, 113–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33683-7_7.

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Lekkerkerker, Henk N. W., Remco Tuinier, and Mark Vis. "Phase Separation and Long-Lived Metastable States in Colloid–Polymer Mixtures." In Colloids and the Depletion Interaction, 143–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52131-7_4.

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AbstractWhen a dispersion containing spherical colloids is mixed with a polymer solution two kinds of instabilities can occur, as depicted in Fig. 4.1: (1) bridging flocculation caused by adsorbing polymer chains or (2) unmixing driven by the depletion force.
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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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Chu, Benjamin. "Laser Light Scattering of Polymer Solutions." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1996.wb.1.

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Laser light scattering (LLS), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) are complementary techniques.1 Together they become unmatched among the physical methods which can investigate the structure and dynamics of polymeric materials over a large range of length and time scales. The unique features of LLS are its ability to determine not only molecular weight, size and internal motions of polymers in solution or of colloids in suspension, but also the size distribution. The applications of LLS to polymer physics and colloid science have been extensive and noteworthy, especially in particle size analysis. In this lecture, three unique examples on (1) Teflon solution characterization,2 (2) coil-to-globule transition3, and (3) supramolecular formation of block copolymers in selective solvents4 are presented.
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Joseph, David, and Krishan Kumar. "Static light scattering studies of polymer colloids." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112893.

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Zhu, S. S., and H. Chen. "Fluorinated Polyzwitterion Coatings for Stabilizing Colloids and Lowing Retention of Nanoparticles." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23933-ms.

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Abstract Nanoparticles (NP) injected in hydrocarbon reservoirs, as inter-well tracers or an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, has been of great interest in petroleum engineering. However, NP's retention in reservoir conditions of high salinity and high temperature is one of the challenges in these applications because high retention is economically unfavorable. We explored the concept of applying lightly fluorinated polyzwitterions as a coating on hydrophobic styrenic nanoparticles that had previously shown significant adsorption on rock surfaces. This is a less explored area of research that correlates the properties of polymer and NPs retention to the structure variation of polymers and polymer coatings. The fact that a small fraction of a functional comonomer on a common polymer backbone can significantly change the polymer and NPs retention provides a low-cost option of modifying the retention property of common oil field materials.
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Mayavan, S., N. R. Choudhury, and N. K. Dutta. "Polymer stabilized noble metal colloids for catalytic and biomedical applications." In Smart Materials, Nano-and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Nicolas H. Voelcker and Helmut W. Thissen. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.810659.

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Lin, Y. C., H. L. Chen, T. K. Hsu, C. H. Lin, K. C. Hsieh, and H. C. Cheng. "Tuning photonic bandgap of 3D opal structures by utilizing polymer and silica hybrid colloids." In Digest of Papers Microprocesses and Nanotechnology 2005. 2005 International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imnc.2005.203746.

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Ravndal, Kristin T., and Roald Kommedal. "Modelling particle degradation and intermediate dynamics in a dispersed activated sludge microcosm." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192002.

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Municipal wastewater consists of a large fraction of particulate organic matter. During biological wastewater treatment these particles undergo extracellular depolymerisation before products are taken up by bacteria (MW < 0.6 kDa). Particle degradation and intermediate formation dynamics is important in process analysis of wastewater treatment as the transport regime differ. This work aims to develop a model for particle degradation that includes intermediate dynamics as observed in experimental work. A model for particle degradation including intermediate dynamics, bacterial growth and endogenous respiration is proposed. Particle hydrolysis was modelled using the particle breakup model. Depolymerisation products were separated into five different size groups: colloids; high, medium and low molecular weight (HMW, MMW and LMW) polymers; and one fraction for oligomers and monomers (SB). Depolymerisation of colloids, HMW and MMW polymers was modelled using first order kinetics. LMW polymer degradation was modelled using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, while growth was based on traditional Monod kinetics and endogenous respiration followed ASM3. The proposed model was implemented in AQUASIM for a batch reactor system, and parameter estimation by LSE fitting to experimental data on particulate starch degradation over 117 days in a dispersed biomass microcosm was performed. Validation of the model against experimental data gave a very good fit to the PBM. The intermediate dynamics seen in the experimental data was also qualitatively demonstrated by the model, with accumulation of HMW, MMW and LMW polymers in the bulk liquid. However, the accumulation of monomers and oligomers in the bulk liquid could not be reproduced in the suspended growth model proposed. Hence, a structured biomass model (biofilm) is suggested for future work.
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Shaunik, Shruti, Ting-Yun Hsiao, Cheng-You Hong, and Tzu-Chien Wei. "The use of polymer rich colloids to enable high adhesion electroless copper plating on FR4 substrates." In 2017 12th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2017.8255957.

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Wu, Hua, Alessio Zaccone, Marco Lattuada, Massimo Morbidelli, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "Rheological Properties and Structure of Gels Generated from Stable Polymer Colloids through High Shear in a MicroChannel." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964453.

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Denton, Mark S., and William D. Bostick. "New Innovative Electrocoagulation (EC) Treatment Technology for BWR Colloidal Iron Utilizing the Seeding and Filtration Electronically (SAFE™) System." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7186.

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The presence of iron (iron oxide from carbon steel piping) buildup in Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) circuits and wastewaters is decades old. In, perhaps the last decade, the advent of precoatless filters for condensate blow down has compounded this problem due to the lack of a solid substrate (e.g., powdex resin pre-coat) to help drop the iron out of solution. The presence and buildup of this iron in condensate phase separators (CPS) further confounds the problem when the tank is decanted back to the plant. Iron carryover here is unavoidable without further treatment steps. The form of iron in these tanks, which partially settles and is pumped to a de-waterable high integrity container (HIC), is particularly difficult and time consuming to dewater (low shear strength, high water content). The addition upstream from the condensate phase separator (CPS) of chemicals, such as polymers, to carry out the iron, only produces an iron form even more difficult to filter and dewater (even less shear strength, higher water content, and a gel/slime consistency). Typical, untreated colloidal material contains both sub-micron particles up to, let’s say 100 micron. It is believed that the sub-micron particles penetrate filters, or sheet filters, thus plugging the pores for what should have been the successful filtration of the larger micron particles. Like BWR iron wastewaters, fuel pools/storage basins (especially in the decon. phase) often contain colloids which make clarity and the resulting visibility nearly impossible. Likewise, miscellaneous, often high conductivity, wastesteams at various plants contain such colloids, iron, salts (sometimes seawater intrusion and referred to as Salt Water Collection Tanks), dirt/clay, surfactants, waxes, chelants, etc. Such wastestreams are not ideally suited for standard dead-end (cartridges) or cross-flow filtration (UF/RO) followed even by demineralizers. Filter and bed plugging are almost assured. The key to solving these dilemmas is 1) to break the colloid (i.e., break the outer radius repulsive charges of the similar charged colloidal particles), 2) allow these particles to now flocculate (floc), and 3) form a type of floc that is more readily filterable, and, thus, dewaterable. This task has been carried out with the innovative application of electronically seeding the feed stream with the metal of choice, and without the addition of chemicals common to ferri-floccing, or polymer addition. This patent-pending new system and technique is called Seeding And Filtration Electronically, or the SAFE™ System. Once the colloid has been broken and flocking has begun, removal of the resultant floc can be carried out by standard, backwashable (or, in simple cases, dead-end) filters; or simply in dewaterable HICs or liners. Such applications include low level radwaste (LLW) from both PWRs and BWRs, fuel pools, storage basins, salt water collection tanks, etc. For the removal of magnetic materials, such as some BWR irons, an ElectroMagnetic Filter (EMF) was developed to couple with the ElectroCoagulation (EC), (or metal-Floccing) Unit. In the advent that the wastestream primarily contains magnetic materials (e.g., boiler condensates and magnetite, and hemagnetite from BWRs), the material was simply filtered using the EMF. Bench-, pilot- and full-scale systems have been assembled and applied on actual plant waste samples quite successfully. The effects of initial feed pH and conductivity, as well as flocculation retention times was examined prior to applying the production equipment into the field. Since the initial studies (Denton, et al, EPRI, 2006), the ultimate success of field applications is now being demonstrated as the next development phase. For such portable field demonstrations and demand systems, a fully self enclosed (secondary containment) EC system was first developed and assembled in a modified B 25 Box (Floc-In-A-Box) and is being deployed to a number of NPP sites. Finally, a full-scale SAFE™ System has been deployed to Exelon’s Dresden NPP as a vault cleanup demand system. This is a 30 gpm EC system to convert vault solids/sludges to a form capable of being collected and dewatered in a High Integrity Container (HIC). This initial vault work will be on-going for approximately three months, before being moved to additional vaults. During the past year, additional refinements to the patent pending SAFE™ System have included the SAFER™ System (Scalant and Foulant Electronic Removal) for the removal by EC of silica, calcium and magnesium. This has proven to be an effective enabler for RO, NF and UF as a pretreatment system. Advantages here include smaller, more efficiently designed systems and allowed lower removal efficiencies with the removal of the limiting factor of scalants. Similarly, the SAFE™ System has been applied in the form of a BAC-UP™ System (Boric Acid Clean-Up) as an alternative to more complex RO or boric acid recycle systems. Lastly, samples were received from two different DOE sites for the removal of totally soluable, TDS, species (e.g., cesium, Cs, Sr, Tc, etc.). For these applications, an ion-specific seed (an element of the SMART™ System) was coupled with the Cs prior to EC and subsequent filtration and dewatering, for the effective removal of the cesium complex and the segregation of low level and high waste (LLW & HLW) streams.
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Talmon, Arno, and Ebi Meshkati. "Houska Based Time-Dependent Rheological Model for Flocculated Tailings." In The 20th International Conference on Transport and Sedimentation of Solid Particles. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu (WUELS Publishing House)), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30825/4.14-15.2023.

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The rheology of tailings depends on composition and is shear- and time-dependent. Time-dependency might be at the origin of phenomenona such as channel and pattern formation in tailings beaching. Rheology is governed by colloids that form a structure within the fluid. This paper concerns the fitting of the Houska rheological model to controlled stress rheometry data of polymer treated material. The Houska model describes reversible time-dependency, e.g., thixotropy. A novelty here is that irreversible shear down (rheomalaxis) is added to the thixotropy originally captured by the model. The Houska model has the advantage that its time-dependency can be phasewise implemented and tested in numerical codes. In our study, it is shown how the model can be fitted to published detailed controlled shear stress rheometry on flocculated mature fine tailings and is compared with the fitting by a viscosity bifurcation model, which was originally applied. The fits of the viscosity bifurcation model and the current model are comparable. The influence of rheomalaxis on the formation of a lubricating layer in tailings disposal on a beach is investigated by means of a CFD model: flow depth reduces and irregular flow develops.
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Reports on the topic "Polymer colloids"

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Sherburne, Michael, Sergei Ivanov, Shruti Gharde, Gema Alas, Arjun Senthil, Dominic Bosomtwi, Nathan Withers, et al. SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL RESPONSE OF UV-PUMPED COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS IN POLYMER, THIN-FILM, AND ADDITIVELY-MANUFACTURED STRUCTURES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1836971.

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Wicker, Louise, Ilan Shomer, and Uzi Merin. Membrane Processing of Citrus Extracts: Effects on Pectinesterase Activity and Cloud Stability. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568754.bard.

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The U.S. team studied the role of cations and pH on thermolabile (TL-PE) and thermostable (TS-PE), permeation in ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, affinity to ion exchange membranes, mechanism of cation and pH activation, and effect on PE stability. An optimum pH and cation concentration exists for activity and UF permeation, which is specific for each cation type. Incomplete release of PE from a pectin complex resulted in low PE binding to cationic and anionic membranes. Incubation of PE at low pH increases the surface hydrophobicity, especially TL-PE, but the secondary structure of TL-PE is not greatly affected. The Israeli team showed that stable cloud colloidal constituents flocculate following the conversion of soluble to insoluble biopolymers. First, formation of pectic acid by pectinesterase activity is followed by the formation of calcium pectate gel. This process initiates a myriad of poorly defined reactions that result in juice clarification. Second, protein coagulation by heat resulted in flocculation of proteinacous bound cloud constituents, particularly after enzymatic pectin degradation. Pectinesterase activity is proposed to be an indirect cause for clarification; whereas binding of cloud constituents is the primary event in clarification by pectate gel and coagulated proteins. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of protein and pectic polymers is key to understanding cloud instability. Based on the above, it was hypothesized that the structure of pectin-protein coagulates plays a key role in cloud instability.
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