Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer chemistry

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer chemistry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Wang, Zixiao, Feichen Cui, Yang Sui, and Jiajun Yan. "Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (October 18, 2023): 1580–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.116.

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Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Lavine, M. S. "POLYMER CHEMISTRY: Arborescent Polymers." Science 294, no. 5540 (October 5, 2001): 15d—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5540.15d.

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Jablonský, Michal, Andrea Škulcová, and Jozef Šima. "Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review." Molecules 24, no. 21 (November 3, 2019): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213978.

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This review deals with two overlapping issues, namely polymer chemistry and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). With regard to polymers, specific aspects of synthetic polymers, polymerization processes producing such polymers, and natural cellulose-based nanopolymers are evaluated. As for DESs, their compliance with green chemistry requirements, their basic properties and involvement in polymer chemistry are discussed. In addition to reviewing the state-of-the-art for selected kinds of polymers, the paper reveals further possibilities in the employment of DESs in polymer chemistry. As an example, the significance of DES polarity and polymer polarity to control polymerization processes, modify polymer properties, and synthesize polymers with a specific structure and behavior, is emphasized.
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Kozhevnikov, Н. V., N. I. Kozhevnikova, and M. D. Goldfeyn. "Solving Some Environmental Problems of Polymer Chemistry." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 10, no. 2 (2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2010-10-2-34-42.

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The kinetics and mechanism of vinyl monomer polymerization were studied. Ways to solve some environmental problems of polymer chemistry have been developed, namely, monomer stabilization to avoid the formation of side polymers due to spontaneous polymeriza­ tion while synthesis, purification and storage of monomers, synthesis of environmentally-pure emulgator-free latexes, synthesis of polymer­ ic flocculants for water purification from disperse particles.
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Qian, Xinyi. "The Use of Click Chemistry in Polymer Synthesis and Modifications." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 84 (February 27, 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/5tj8g710.

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Click chemistry refers to the type of chemical reactions that occur between specific pairs of reagents, taking place under mild conditions with high stereoselectivity. These characteristics help chemists to construct very complex molecules in a relatively easy, quick, and precise manner. Polymers are widely used in daily life which are composed of repeating monomers. They can be designed and synthesized to meet certain characteristics to apply in real life. Click chemistry plays an essential role in creating new polymers, including modifying them afterwards. This paper introduces three typical click chemistry reactions in polymer synthesis and modifications, which include Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), thiol-ene reaction, and Diels-Alder reaction. They all have positive impact in synthesizing and modifying polymer. CuAAC reaction is applied to make desired polymer with crosslinking structure or other desired protein structure and modify the product by introducing new functional groups. Thiol-ene reaction makes good use in producing adhesives, including light-curing adhesive and bio-based adhesive, as well as surface modification. Diels-Alder reaction provides new insights in the synthesized polymers. At last, double click chemistry, which is still at the stage of preliminary exploration, contributes to creating complex polymers. The use of click chemistry in polymers is powerful and useful, leading the development of advanced materials and upgrading synthesizing skills.
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Ma, Liang. "Comparing the Principles of Reversible Covalent Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Points to New Directions in the Development of Polymers." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (December 30, 2022): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.4025.

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Polymers are some of the most widely used materials for human use and have greatly facilitated people's lives. However, with the use of polymer materials, traditional thermoplastic and thermoset materials are unable to meet the more diverse needs, and traditional processing methods are not able to significantly improve the performance of polymer materials. Some researchers have found that by applying the principles of reversible covalent and supramolecular chemistry in dynamic chemistry in the development of polymers, the properties and functions of polymers can be changed from the bottom up. Therefore, this paper analyses the similarities and differences between the principles of reversible covalent chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by collecting applications of reversible covalent chemistry and supramolecular chemistry in the field of polymer synthesis and comparing the two to provide assistance for future developments in the field of polymers.
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Li, Qing Shan, Wei Hong, Ming Shuang Xu, and Shu Yuan Zhang. "Advances in Microscale Polymer Chemistry." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.373.

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Micro-polymer chemistry experiment teaching had such characteristics as using less reagents, less pollution and more portable in comparison with the conventional experiment, with the significant progress, more than thirty years ago. In China, Zhou Ninghuai and others firstly began to go on micro-scale experiment research and Professor Li Qingshan who brought this innovation to polymer organic synthesis experiment has done a lot of works in micro-polymer chemistry experiment teaching. To carry out the study of micro-polymer chemistry experiments not only accords with teaching methods and reform, but also conforms to the trend of the times of green chemistry. The research and application of micro-polymer chemistry experiment have broad prospects. The microscale chemistry experiment (ML) is developed from the idea of green chemistry and the prevention of chemical industry. Microscale chemistry presents a low-cost and green approach in the teaching of chemistry laboratory courses, so it’s the reform of traditional chemical methods. In micro-chemistry experiment, most of the raw materials are in the amount of quality 1g or volume of 1mL below, in line with famous micro-chemist Professor Ma Zusheng[1] (Prof • T. S. Ma), who put forward that "It is to use the chemical reagents as low as possible to obtain the necessary technology information in microscale chemical experiments". In contrast to conventional macroscale chemistry experiment, the micro-chemistry experiment can not only reduce the running cost of laboratory teaching, but also alleviate the potential hazard sassociated with chemistry experiments.
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Meena, Suresh Kumar, and Rakesh Meena. "An Important Play Role of Polymer in Daily Life and Duration of Covid19." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49105.

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Abstract: In this article we are focused on specially application of polymers and what hazards effects will come in future . Because at present time polymer application day by day used in multifunctional work. Here we want to discuss type of polymer. Synthetic polymers having wide applications like as a electronic equipments ,aerospace application, Light equipment , Cardiac heart valves, Polymer base mesh used in prevent of hernia in human body, synthetic polymer rayon useful in textiles industries. Synthetic polymers are vast used in medical sectors ,like as drug delivery, many packing are easily transported from one palace to other palace self-healing, and molecular-recognition materials. Many researchers have synthesized gel materials by designing their molecular and macroscopic structure as well as the constituent materials from the perspective of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry, among others. In addition, the fact that pharmacy, biomedicine, molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics are the fields that polymers and polymer chemistry play a significant role in the development of their new areas. It is obvious why the study of giant molecules is one of the most attended and the fastest growing fields of science. Therefore, it seems that polymer is not a specialized interdisciplinary or branch of chemistry. Here I have mention one of the polymers made by me and focused on application of polymers.
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Savitskaya, Tatsiana, Tatsiana Shybaila, and Yaheni Varanec. "POLYMER CHEMISTRY: INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES ON THE BASE OF CHITIN AND CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES ARE SPECIAL CLASS OF POLYMER SUBSTANCES." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2008): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/08.5.50b.

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The great importance of polymers in modern life has been shown. The paradoxicalness of the insufficient attention to polymer chemistry at school has been marked. The main difference between the composition and properties of low molecular compounds and polymer has been formulated. The results of the research of new polymers chemistry products – interpolyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and cellulose water soluble derivative structure and properties have been presented. The use of interpolyelectrolyte complexes in the adsorption-flocculation water treatment process and as the enterosorbent veterinary preparation has been described. Keywords: polymers, chitosan, cellulose sulphate acetate.
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Barner-Kowollik, Christopher, and Thomas Junkers. "Polymer Chemistry." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 208, no. 16 (August 20, 2007): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200700325.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Cooke, Richard Hunter III. "THE ENHANCEMENT OF PEROXIDE-CURED FLUOROELASTOMER RUBBER TO METAL BONDING." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1377022145.

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Schlindwein, Walkiria Santos. "Conducting polymers and polymer electrolytes." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33889.

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Polymers are mostly used as insulator materials. Since the late sixties, two new classes of polymeric materials possessing either ionic or electronic conductivities have been extensively studied. The work carried out in this thesis concerns of the study of polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with divalent salts (ionic conductors) and polypyrroles (PPy) electrochemically and chemically prepared (electronic conductors). Different techniques were used to study their properties including Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Variable Temperature Polarising Microscopy (VTPM), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), a.c. Impedance, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Water-cast films of PEOn:ZnX2 (X = C1, Br, I) were prepared at a range of stoichiometries. The effects of either residual presence of water or thermal treatment related to the formation of high melting crystalline materials were investigated. The morphology of the zinc halides films differs from similar films cast from acetonitrile/methanol mixtures. The presence of high melting crystalline material in the water cast samples is influenced mostly by the concentration, type of anion and drying procedure applied to the samples. The high melting crystalline materials in the zinc samples are more affected by the drying regime. In some cases, solvent effects can be removed by using a high temperature (e.g. 180°C) drying regime. The presence of water normally depresses the melting temperature of the crystalline structures. Films of PEOn.:CaBr2 and PEOn:NiBr2 cast from water were also examined. The high melting crystalline materials in the calcium samples are more affected by the presence of water. The nickel samples are highly crystalline and the presence of high melting material does not seem to be influenced by either the presence of solvent or the drying procedure. EXAFS was used as a suitable technique to probe the local structure surrounding the cation. The results of the zinc halide samples gave some indication of the interionic and polymer-cation interactions. It was demonstrated that the halogen provides the most substantial contribution for the total EXAFS spectrum and the oxygen contribution is much less significant, except in the case of PEOn:ZnC12 samples. This could be due to the size of the nearest neighbour atoms and/or to the interaction polymer-cation. The presence of neutral "ion pairing" is suggested for the PEOn:ZnBr2 samples. The EXAFS results for the samples containing NiBr2 indicated a strong interaction between polymer-salt and the local structure was dependent on concentration, unlike the zinc samples. The polymerisation of pyrrole was investigated by using chemical and electrochemical oxidation routes. The structural characterisation of the compounds obtained was limited by their insolubility. The electrochemically prepared samples presented higher conductivity than the ones which were chemically prepared. The EXAFS results at the Fe K-edge of the PPyFeCl4 sample, which was prepared by direct chemical oxidation, suggested that the iron is coordinated to oxygens at a distance 1.97 A, chlorines at 3.08 A and perhaps nitrogens at 3.72 A. The iron local structure of the composite PVA/PPy doped with FeCl3 was different from the PPyFeCl4 sample. The iron in the composite sample was coordinated to oxygens at 1.98 A and chlorines at 2.18 A. Alternatively, the presence of a distorted FeCl4- is considered.
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Sen, Mustafa Yasin. "Green Polymer Chemistry: Functionalization of Polymers Using Enzymatic Catalysis." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258422775.

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Jin, Hailiang. "Investigation of Interfacial Chemistry with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1562531223401125.

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Cerone, Matthew. "Synthesis of Alkyl Substituted Phenylated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone Ketone)s." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496856789109456.

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Rosenthal-Kim, Emily Quinn. "Green Polymer Chemistry: Synthesis of Poly(disulfide) Polymers and Networks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1386525065.

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Gottardo, Gianni. "Polymer Chemistry of Granulating Agents." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425507.

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Lin, Fei. "Preparing Polymeric Biomaterials Using Click Chemistry Techniques." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396888729.

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Crenshaw, Erik Daniel. "Stimuli Responsive Colorimetric Elastomers via Thiol-yne Chemistry." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1555580690422118.

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Zhang, Mengru. "Nickel-Catalyzted Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428024122.

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Books on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Lodge, Timothy P., and Paul C. Hiemenz. Polymer Chemistry. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190810.

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Peacock, Andrew J., and Allison Calhoun. Polymer Chemistry. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446433434.

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Koltzenburg, Sebastian, Michael Maskos, and Oskar Nuyken. Polymer Chemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6.

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Tim, Lodge, ed. Polymer chemistry. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Crichlow, Hilda. Polymer chemistry. Chandni Chowk, Delhi: Global Media, 2009.

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Hiemenz, Paul C. Polymer chemistry. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006.

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Gupta, Alka L. Polymer chemistry. Meerut, India: Pragati Publications, 2010.

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Koltzenburg, Sebastian, Michael Maskos, and Oskar Nuyken. Polymer Chemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64929-9.

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Allcock, H. R. Contemporary polymer chemistry. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003.

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Tezuka, Yasuyuki, and Tetsuo Deguchi, eds. Topological Polymer Chemistry. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6807-4.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Subramanian, Muralisrinivasan Natamai. "Polymer Chemistry." In Basics of Polymer Chemistry, 51–79. New York: River Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003337324-4.

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Berins, Michael L. "Polymer Chemistry." In SPI Plastics Engineering Handbook of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., 33–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7604-4_2.

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Peacock, Andrew J., and Allison Calhoun. "Polymer Chemistry." In Polymer Chemistry, 21–43. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446433434.002.

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Parisi, Ortensia Ilaria, Manuela Curcio, and Francesco Puoci. "Polymer Chemistry and Synthetic Polymers." In Advanced Polymers in Medicine, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12478-0_1.

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Lodge, Timothy P., and Paul C. Hiemenz. "Polymer Conformations." In Polymer Chemistry, 235–70. Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190810-6.

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Koltzenburg, Sebastian, Michael Maskos, and Oskar Nuyken. "Chemistry with Polymers." In Polymer Chemistry, 407–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49279-6_15.

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Koltzenburg, Sebastian, Michael Maskos, and Oskar Nuyken. "Chemistry with Polymers." In Polymer Chemistry, 407–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64929-9_15.

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Mishra, Munmaya, and Biao Duan. "Green Polymer Chemistry." In The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes, 70–71. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161318-68.

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Su, Wei-Fang. "Polymer Size and Polymer Solutions." In Lecture Notes in Chemistry, 9–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38730-2_2.

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Biederman, H., and Y. Osada. "Plasma chemistry of polymers." In Polymer Physics, 57–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52159-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Patel, Hasmukh, Kenneth Johnson, and Roland Martinez. "Triazine Polymers for Improving Elastic Properties in Oil Well Cements." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204333-ms.

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Abstract The oil well cement placed in the annulus between casings and the formations experience high stresses under downhole conditions. These frequent stresses deteriorate the mechanical properties of cement and lead to the formation of micro-cracks and fractures, which affect production and increases the cost of operation. Although several polymeric materials have been employed to improve tensile properties of the cement, these additives have also adversely affected the compressive strength of the cement. A highly stable polymeric additive, triazine-based polymers, is designed, synthesized, and compounded with the cement to improve the tensile properties of the well-cement. Triazine polymer was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The triazine polymer was mixed with cement and the cement slurries were cured at 180 °F under 3000 psi for 3 days. The set-cement samples were subjected to mechanical testing under high temperature and high pressure to study the elastic properties of the cement. The introduction of this polymer into the cement has improved the elastic properties of the cement with minimum reduction in compressive strength. The thickening time, dynamic compressive strength development, rheology, fluid loss properties, and brazilian tensile strength of the control and cement with triazine polymers were studied to understand the effect of this newly developed polymeric additive. The molecular interaction of the triazine polymer with cement particles has shown formation of covalent linkage between the polymer and cement particle. We have observed a 15 % decrease in Young's modulus for cement compounded with 2%wt. of triazine polymer, indicating the introduction of elastic properties in wellbore cement.
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Wilcox, R. D., and M. A. Jarrett. "Polymer Deflocculants: Chemistry and Application." In IADC/SPE Drilling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17201-ms.

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Liu, Ya, Rebecca Vilain, and Dong Shen. "How Does EOR Polymer Impact Scale Control During ASP Flooding?" In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204350-ms.

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Abstract Polymer based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology has drawn more and more attention in the oil and gas industry. The impacts of EOR polymer on scale formation and control are not well known yet. This research investigated the impacts of EOR polymer on calcite scale formation with and without the presence of scale inhibitors. Seven different types of scale inhibitors were tested, including four different phosphonate inhibitors and three different polymeric inhibitors. Test brines included severe and moderate calcite scaling brines. The severe calcite brine is to simulate alkaline surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding conditions with high pH and high carbonate concentration. The test method used was the 24 hours static bottle test. Visual observation and the residual calcium (Ca2+) concentration determination were conducted after bottle test finished. It was found that EOR polymer can serve as a scale inhibitor in moderate calcite scaling brines, although the required dosage was significantly higher than common scale inhibitors. Strong synergistic effects were observed between EOR polymer and phosphonate scale inhibitors on calcite control, which can significantly reduce scale inhibitor dosage and provides a solution for calcite control in ASP flooding. The impact of EOR polymer on polymeric scale inhibitors varied depending on polymer types. Antagonism was observed between EOR polymer and sulfonated copolymer inhibitor, while there was weak synergism between EOR polymer and acrylic copolymer inhibitors. Therefore, when selecting scale inhibitors for polymer flooding wells in the future, the impact of EOR polymer on scale inhibitor performance should be considered.
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Xu, Liang, Iryna Zhuk, and Sofia Sirak. "Novel Modified Polycarboxylate Paraffin Inhibitor Blends Reduce C30+ Wax Deposits in South Texas." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213853-ms.

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Abstract A typical challenge encountered during shale oil and condensate production in South Texas is severe wax deposition on fractured rock surface near the wellbore and flowlines from wellheads to separators, potentially reducing surface areas for oil and gas flow. Commonly used surfactant dispersants and wax inhibitors such as comb shaped polyacrylate/methacrylate (PAMA) and alpha-olefin modified maleic anhydride (OMAC) sometimes fall short and do not always address challenges associated with C30+ waxy crude oil and condensate. This is typically due to the mismatch of molecular weights and the incorrect ratio of polar and non-polar groups between the polymeric additive and the targeted wax species. In this study, we present the findings of a new modified polycarboxylate and polyacrylate blend that provides a balanced approach of optimized non-polar and polar groups on the polymer backbone. Additionally, the inherent long polymer chains with a broad chain density distribution appear to interact well with C30+ waxy compounds, effectively lowering pour point, reducing wax appearance temperature (WAT) and suppressing wax deposition. A gradual reduction of WATs in polymer treated waxy deposit was observed via DSC/CPM measurements when the polymer blends were varied with polyacrylate/methacrylate/modified carboxylate ratios. Cold finger tests were performed at selected temperature differentials that closely represented field conditions in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the optimized blend, in which deposits of C30+ waxy compounds were significantly eliminated. It's commonly accepted that comb shaped polymers interact with wax crystals via incorporation and perturbation. The polymer blend presented here, with an optimized ratio of non-polar and polar groups, appear to enable a secondary mechanism that introduces a repulsive force between growing wax crystals, which is reminiscent of interfacial polarization of charged wax crystals under an external electric field. Through Zeta Potential, Cold Finger, Yield Stress, DSC, SARA and HTGC analysis, it was demonstrated that this additional interference rendered the comb shaped polymer blend much more effective, against other PAMAs, OMACs, and linear polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
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Al Kalbani, M. M., M. M. Jordan, E. J. Mackay, K. S. Sorbie, and L. Nghiem. "Barium Sulphate Scaling and Control during Polymer, Surfactant and Surfactant-Polymer Flooding." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193575-ms.

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Mai, Kahnery, Nathan Watts, and George Herman. "Screen Factor Polymer Characterization: Improved Screen Factor Technique, Apparatus, and Analysis." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213837-ms.

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Abstract Improvement of mobility control in conventional oil reservoirs is commonly achieved through polymer flooding. This enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology involves the addition of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) to the injection fluid to increase the viscosity of the displacing phase in the reservoir. The mobility improvement of a polymer flood is defined as the resistance factor (RF), which is experimentally measured by comparing the flow characteristics (e.g., pressure drop, flow rate) of the polymer solution against its solvent (or other simulate fluid for the waterflood). Equations for these comparisons are built upon Darcy's law for fluid flow, which applies in low shear rate conditions (like deep reservoir flow) where the pressure drop in a given section of the porous media is linearly related to the flow rate for a given fluid viscosity. However, the viscosity of HPAM solutions follow non-Newtonian behavior that changes with shear rate, typically following a shear-thinning trend. Flow through complex porous media that is representative of the reservoir can introduce elongational (or extensional) flow, which can cause a "shear-thickening" region where the polymer's apparent (in-situ) viscosity increases according to its viscoelastic characteristics. Since predicting the RF potential of a polymer solution is a primary goal of laboratory screening and formulation work for EOR projects, polymer evaluations often incorporate experimental methods that probe this viscoelastic potential. Screen factor (SF) is a long-established method that is often considered to characterize polymer solutions' viscoelasticity with a relatively simple apparatus and fast measurement. This study introduces a new method for conducting screen factor measurements that improves upon the original design and protocol (as described in API RP 63). Validating the efficacy of the new design required an in-depth examination into the nature of SF measurements. The proposed novel design and methodology was able to replicate benchmark results generated according to API RP 63 while improving ease of use, measurement precision and accuracy, and level of data generation to allow for in-depth measurement analysis. While investigating the principles that govern standard gravity drainage screen factor, it was found that the solvent flows under non-linear conditions, precluding the application of linear flow equations (such as Darcy's law) and explaining why SF is a wholly unique value that cannot be directly related to other measurements (e.g., porous media RF or in-situ viscosity). Through rate controlled experiments with the screen pack from a SF setup (five 100 mesh screens), it was determined that screen factor does not appear to be a purely viscoelastic measurement, but rather exerted a shear rate in the transition regime from viscous to viscoelastic flow under the studied conditions. While useful applications of screen factor are recognized, the discussed analyses bring attention to the limitations of SF. In reference to RF results generated in porous media (Berea core), alternative laboratory experiments (e.g., CaBER evaluation or RF with an in-line filter) are shown to provide more effective characterization of the studied polymers' viscoelastic potential compared to screen factor measurements.
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Lakatos, I. J., J. Lakatos-Szabo, G. Szentes, A. Vago, and M. Vadaszi. "Polymer Suspensions - New Alternatives in Oilfield Chemistry." In IOR 2015 - 18th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201412093.

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Bogdał, Dariusz, and Sylwia Dworakowska. "Application of Connectivity Indices in Polymer Chemistry." In The 16th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-16-01129.

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Maillon, Rémi, Pinaki Ghosh, and Clayton Wilson. "Predicting EOR Polymer Viscosity with Varying Molecular Weight and Chemistry Using Machine Learning." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216592-ms.

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Abstract Polyacrylamide polymer flooding is an established EOR technique to reduce the water/oil mobility ratio and improve sweep efficiency. Polyacrylamide polymers are non-Newtonian fluids whose viscosity depends significantly on shear rate in addition to several other parameters, such as brine salinity and hardness, temperature, polymer concentration, chemical composition, and molecular weight. Each oil reservoir has unique brine compositions, expected shear, and temperature conditions. Estimating the polymer solution's in situ viscosity under these conditions can be quite challenging, requiring expensive and time-consuming rheological lab experiments. Machine learning has recently gained popularity and has been applied successfully in many sectors, including the oil & gas industry, to develop predictive models and forecasting tools. With more than 30 years of experience in polymer EOR projects globally, SNF has compiled a large rheological dataset, including approximately 75,000 lab experiments measuring the viscosity of its synthetic polymers under different reservoir conditions. In this study, different machine learning algorithms have been tested on SNF's rheological dataset to predict polymer viscosity for any given polymer type and concentration under certain reservoir conditions. The best results were achieved using a Random Forest algorithm, the results of which have been presented here. The model predictions are based on the following eight input features: active polymer concentration, shear rates, brine total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, temperature, polymer molecular weight, and chemistry (ATBS percentage and Acrylamide percentage). Based on preliminary investigations, the results obtained are promising, with an R-Squared regression score of 89.6 % and a mean absolute percentage error of 35.8%. The model's results have helped SNF better understand the impact of these different parameters on polymer viscosity and can be used for improved quality control of lab measurements generated across the globe. This tool aims to aid product development by providing in silico data in concurrence with in situ experiments, driving a robust development process.
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Vollmer, Daniel P., and David J. Alleman. "HEC No Longer the Preferred Polymer." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/65398-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Polymer chemistry"

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Chamberlin, R. M., K. D. Abney, G. J. Balaich, and S. A. Fino. Advanced polymer chemistry of organometallic anions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/554744.

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Shaw, S. Y., G. M. Scheide, C. E. Davis, P. Mukherjee, and R. H. Neilson. Derivative Chemistry of the 1,3,2-Diazaboracyclohexane Ring System. Boron-Nitrogen Polymer Precursors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada204050.

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LEHIGH UNIV BETHLEHEM PA. The Polymer Chemistry of Butatrienes and Their Potential as Precursors of Novel Polyacetylenes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387016.

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Yu, Hyuk. Biennial Symposium (1998) - November 22-25, 1998 Polymer Chemistry Division, American Chemical Society. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380846.

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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.
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Yu, Hyuk. Biennial Symposium (1998) - November 22-25, 1998 Polymer Chemistry Division American Chemical Society Held in Williamburg, VA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383722.

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Adams, Caitlin J., Baishakhi Bose, Ethan Mann, Kendra A. Erk, Ali Behnood, Alberto Castillo, Fabian B. Rodriguez, Yu Wang, and Jan Olek. Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317366.

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Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.
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Freeman, Benny D., and Joseph M. DeSimone. Very Low Surface Energy (<11 dyn cm-1) Heterophase Polymeric Materials for Membrane Separations: An Integrated Polymer Chemistry/Engineering Approach and The Influence of Backpulsing on Fouling Properties of Novel Nanofiltration Membranes for Wastewater Remediation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada349382.

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Tolbert, Laren Malcolm. The Organic Chemistry of Conducting Polymers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165261.

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Grate, Jay W., Steven N. Kaganove, and David A. Nelson. Polymers for Chemical Sensors Using Hydrosilylation Chemistry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786795.

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