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Journal articles on the topic 'Polylactide- Synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Li, Yong Fei, Qin Wu, and Mei Li Gao. "Synthesis of Stereoregular Polylactide." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.107.

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The paper studied polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by a diketiminato aluminum alkoxide complex. The aluminum alkoxide complex bearing bulky isopropyl ortho substituents showed moderate activity for the rac-lactide polymerization. Microstructural study of polymer generated with the aluminum catalyst reveals that syndiotactic polylactide were produced. Results have shown that the conversion of lactide depend on the monomer/catalyst feed ratio and the reaction temperature.

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2

Bero, M., P. Dobrzy?ski, and J. Kasperczyk. "Synthesis of disyndiotactic polylactide." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 22 (November 15, 1999): 4038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991115)37:22<4038::aid-pola2>3.0.co;2-f.

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3

Li, Ge, Menghui Zhao, Fei Xu, Bo Yang, Xiangyu Li, Xiangxue Meng, Lesheng Teng, Fengying Sun, and Youxin Li. "Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215023.

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Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.

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4

Nakajima, Hajime, Tomoko Fujiwara, Chan Woo Lee, and Yoshiharu Kimura. "Synthesis of Silyl-Terminated Polylactides for Controlled Surface Immobilization of Polylactide Macromolecular Chains." Biomacromolecules 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2011): 4036–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm2010388.

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5

Peng, Ya-Liu, Yong Huang, Hui-Ju Chuang, Chen-Yuan Kuo, and Chu-Chieh Lin. "Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polylactides and polylactide-block-poly(Z-lysine) copolymers." Polymer 51, no. 19 (September 2010): 4329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.016.

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6

Demina, T. S., T. A. Akopova, and A. N. Zelenetsky. "Materials Based on Chitosan and Polylactide: From Biodegradable Plastics to Tissue Engineering Constructions." Polymer Science, Series C 63, no. 2 (September 2021): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1811238221020028.

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Abstract The transition to green chemistry and biodegradable polymers is a logical stage in the development of modern chemical science and technology. In the framework of this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and potential of biodegradable polymers of synthetic and natural origin are compared using the example of polylactide and chitosan as traditional representatives of these classes of polymers, and the possibilities of their combination via obtaining composite materials or copolymers are assessed. The mechanochemical approach to the synthesis of graft copolymers of chitosan with oligolactides/polylactides is considered in more detail.

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7

Tazhbayev, Ye M., A. R. Galiyeva, T. S. Zhumagaliyeva, M. Zh Burkeyev, A. T. Kazhmuratova, E. Zh Zhakupbekova, L. Zh Zhaparova, and A. A. Bakibayev. "Synthesis and characterization of isoniazid immobilized polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 101, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021ch1/61-70.

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This article considers someaspects of synthesis and characterizationof polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles immobilized withthe antituberculous drug isoniazid. The influence of some synthesis parameters of nanoparticles (the ratio of drug substance:polymer and surfactant concentration) onproperties of the obtained nanosomal drug form of isoniazid has been studied. Optimal conditions for obtainingthenanoparticles with the best physicochemical parameters such as: particle size, polydispersity, conversion, etc. have been found. These nanoparticlescan be used asdrug carriers.The results revealed thata polymer: drug ratio of 1:1 and the use of 3% Twin 80 are necessaryto obtain stable emulsions of nanoparticles of polylactide-co-glycolide with satisfactory characteristics. Average size of the obtained particles was 196.4 nm,and the polydispersity value was 0.323. The aggregation stability of nanoparticles during 4 hours at temperatures of 4ºC and 20ºC has been evaluated. The morphology of the obtained nanoparticles has been studied.Analysis of nanoparticles was characterized by various instrumental methods includinggas chromatography and thermogravimetrytechniques. The resulting nanoparticles of polylactide-co-glycolide immobilized with isoniazid are stable in time andcanprolong the action of the drug. In vitrorelease of isoniazid from polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles hasbeen studied.

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8

Fang, Chu, Xuehui Wang, Xuesi Chen, and Zhigang Wang. "Mild synthesis of environment-friendly thermoplastic triblock copolymer elastomers through combination of ring-opening and RAFT polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 26 (2019): 3610–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00654k.

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9

Benjamin Neoh, Di-Shen, Siti Fairus Mohd Yusoff, Takeno Akiyoshi, Takahashi Shinya, and Farah Hannan Anuar. "Synthesis of Hydroxylated Polyisoprene-graft-Polylactide Copolymer." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 2689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4911-08.

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10

Popelka, Štěpán, and František Rypáček. "Synthesis of Polylactide with Thiol End Groups." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 6 (2003): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20031131.

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Four synthetic routes to poly(L-lactide) with thiol end groups based on ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide (LA) catalysed with tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) are reported. The following alcohols were used as co-initiators of polymerization: 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol, 2-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)sulfanyl]ethan-1-ol, 2-(tritylsulfanyl)ethan-1-ol and allyl alcohol. End groups introduced into polymers by co-initiators were transformed to thiol groups by a subsequent modification reaction. The efficiencies of the used synthetic methods were evaluated and discussed. The best results were obtained with co-initiator 2-(tritylsulfanyl)ethan-1-ol.

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11

Czeluśniak, Izabela, and Teresa Szymańska-Buzar. "Synthesis and characterization of polylactide functionalized polyacetylenes." European Polymer Journal 47, no. 11 (November 2011): 2111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.07.014.

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12

Brzeziński, Marek, and Malgorzata Basko. "Polylactide-Based Materials: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications." Molecules 28, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031386.

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13

Raptopoulos, Grigorios, Ioannis Choinopoulos, Filippos Kontoes-Georgoudakis, and Patrina Paraskevopoulou. "Polylactide-Grafted Metal-Alginate Aerogels." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061254.

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Τhis work describes the synthesis of PLA-grafted M-alginate (g-M-alginate; M: Ca2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) aerogels. DL-lactide (LA) was attached on the surface of preformed M-alginate beads and was polymerized, using stannous octoate as catalyst and the –OH groups of the alginate backbone as initiators/points of attachment. The material properties of g-M-alginate aerogels were not affected much by grafting, because the linear PLA chains grew on the M-alginate framework like a brush and did not bridge their points of attachment as in polyurea-crosslinked M-alginate aerogels. Thus, all g-M-alginate aerogels retained the fibrous morphology of their parent M-alginate aerogels, and they were lightweight (bulk densities up to 0.24 g cm−3), macroporous/mesoporous materials with high porosities (up to 96% v/v). The BET surface areas were in the range of 154–542 m2 g−1, depending on the metal, the nature of the alginate framework and the PLA content. The latter was found at about 15% w/w for Ca- and Ni-based materials and at about 29% w/w for Co- and Cu-based materials. Overall, we have demonstrated a new methodology for the functionalization of alginate aerogels that opens the way to the synthesis of polylactide-crosslinked alginate aerogels with the use of multifunctional monomers.

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14

Barakat, I., Ph Dubois, Ch Grandfils, and R. Jérõme. "Macromolecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides. XXI. Controlled synthesis of low molecular weight polylactide macromonomers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34, no. 3 (February 1996): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199602)34:3<497::aid-pola19>3.0.co;2-k.

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15

Mincheva, Rosica, Satya Narayana Murthy Chilla, Richard Todd, Brieuc Guillerm, Julien De Winter, Pascal Gerbaux, Olivier Coulembier, Philippe Dubois, and Jean-Marie Raquez. "Reactive Extrusion and Magnesium (II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst in Continuous PLA Production." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11121987.

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Reactive extrusion and magnesium (II) N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst are successfully employed in continuous polylactide synthesis. The possibility of using six-membered N-heterocyclic carbene adducts to act as efficient catalysts towards the sustainable synthesis of poly(l-lactide) through ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LA) is first investigated in bulk batch reactions. Under optimized solvent-free conditions, polylactide (PLA) of moderate to high molecular weights and excellent optical activities are successfully achieved. These promising results are further applied in the continuous production of PLA in an extruder.

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16

Taşkin, Elif, Baki Hazer, Necati Beşirli, and Gökhan Çavuş. "Synthesis of Some Novel Blends of Polylactide with Polylactide-b-Poly (ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 49, no. 2 (February 2012): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2012.642222.

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17

Hazer, Baki, Bahattin M. Baysal, Ayşe G. Köseoğlu, Necati Beşirli, and Elif Taşkın. "Synthesis of Polylactide-b-Poly (Dimethyl Siloxane) Block Copolymers and Their Blends with Pure Polylactide." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 20, no. 2 (December 17, 2011): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0406-1.

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18

Liu, Lei Li, Rui Xia Su, and Xiao Li. "Study on Synthesis and Performance of Collagen-Modified Polylactide." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.223.

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In this paper, collagen modified polylactide (CPLA) was synthesized by means of graft modification, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR and FITC-labeled fluorescence spectra. The performance of CPLA was characterized with hydrophilicity test and degradability test. The results showed that collagen had successfully grafted on the polylactide (PLA) and the graft ratio of collagen on CPLA was about 5%. The water absorotion of CPLA was significantly higher than PLA and its hydrophilicity was better than PLA. Moreover, there was no obvious acid-catalyzed self-accelerating degradation behavior in the degradation process of CPLA. The results suggested that CPLA showed a great potential as particles for drug delivery.

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19

Reifarth, Martin, David Pretzel, Stephanie Schubert, Christine Weber, Rainer Heintzmann, Stephanie Hoeppener, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Cellular uptake of PLA nanoparticles studied by light and electron microscopy: synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies using an iridium(iii) complex as correlative label." Chemical Communications 52, no. 23 (2016): 4361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09884j.

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20

Aniśko, Joanna, and Mateusz Barczewski. "Polylactide: from Synthesis and Modification to Final Properties." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/137960.

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21

Fujioka, Masayori, Akiko Nagashima, Hidetoshi Kenjo*, Kazumi Sakurai, Satoko Nishiyama, Hiromichi Noguchi, Shigeru Ishii, and Yasuhiko Yoshida. "Novel Synthesis of Chitin- and Chitosan-graft-Polylactide." FIBER 61, no. 10 (2005): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.61.282.

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22

DUDA, ANDRZEJ, and STANISLAW PENCZEK. "Polylactide [poly(lactic acid)]: synthesis, properties and applications." Polimery 48, no. 01 (January 2003): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2003.016.

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23

Tong, Rong, and Jianjun Cheng. "Controlled Synthesis of Camptothecin−Polylactide Conjugates and Nanoconjugates." Bioconjugate Chemistry 21, no. 1 (January 20, 2010): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc900356g.

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24

Wada, Natsuko, Yoshiko Miura, and Kazukiyo Kobayashi. "Synthesis and Biological Properties of Glycopolymer-Polylactide Conjugate." Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan 32, no. 3 (2007): 769–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14723/tmrsj.32.769.

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25

Ignjatovic, Nenad, and Dragan Uskokovic. "Synthesis and application of hydroxyapatite/polylactide composite biomaterial." Applied Surface Science 238, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.227.

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26

Lee, Soo-Hong, Soo Hyun Kim, Yang-Kyoo Han, and Young Ha Kim. "Synthesis and degradation of end-group-functionalized polylactide." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39, no. 7 (2001): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0518(20010401)39:7<973::aid-pola1073>3.0.co;2-8.

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27

Kaur, Paramjit, Rajeev Mehta, Dusan Berek, and Siddh Nath Upadhyay. "Synthesis of Polylactide under Inert Atmosphere and Vacuum." Macromolecular Symposia 315, no. 1 (May 2012): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201250513.

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28

Lee, Chan Woo, Shohei Nakamura, and Yoshiharu Kimura. "Synthesis and characterization of polytulipalin-g-polylactide copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 50, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 1111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.25867.

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29

Gavenis, Karsten, Thomas Pufe, Lars Ove Brandenburg, Katharina Schiffl, and Bernhard Schmidt-Rohlfing. "Effects of Controlled Released BMP-7 on Markers of Inflammation and Degradation During the Cultivation of Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 26, no. 4 (July 12, 2010): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328210374671.

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The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of BMP-7 released from polylactide microspheres on the appearance of various catabolic and inflammatory cytokines secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes cultivated in a collagen gel. Articular chondrocytes of 15 patients suffering from osteoarthritis are transferred to a collagen type-I gel. Additionally, BMP-7 encapsulated into polylactide microspheres (50 ng BMP-7/mL gel) is added. After 14 days, gene expression and protein appearance of various genes involved in matrix turnover and inflammation are investigated by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR and compared to untreated controls. TNF-α, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-1β, and VEGF gene expressions are decreased in the treatment group. In contrast, BMP-7-induced matrix synthesis is not affected, leaving collagen type-II (Col-II) gene expression to be elevated, while collagen type-I (Col-I) is decreased. In summary, controlled release of low concentrated BMP-7 from polylactide microspheres leads to a decrease in gene expression of the investigated inflammation and matrix degradation markers whereas matrix synthesis is induced.

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30

Du, Xu, Qin Wang, Chuan Dong Wang, and Yang Liu. "Synthesis and Self-Assembly Study of Biodegradable Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers with PEG Block." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.95.

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Three biodegradable amphiphilic triblock copolymers: polylactide-poly (ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PLA-PEG-PLA), poly (ε-caprolactone)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL-PEG-PCL) and poly (lactide-glycolide)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) were synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized. In aqueous solution, their self-assembly and degradation were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spherical micelles were formed in aqueous solution via self-assembly of the amphiphilic triblock copolymers. After degradation, the PLA-PEG-PLA and PCL-PEG-PCL micelles became smaller and the PLGA-PEG-PLGA micelles change to vesicles, which should mainly attribute to their different degradation speed.

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31

Frick, Esther M., and Marc A. Hillmyer. "Synthesis and characterization of polylactide-block-polyisoprene-block-polylactide triblock copolymers: new thermoplastic elastomers containing biodegradable segments." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 21, no. 18 (December 1, 2000): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20001201)21:18<1317::aid-marc1317>3.0.co;2-b.

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32

Malafeev, K. V., O. A. Moskalyuk, V. E. Yudin, V. Yu Elokhovskii, E. N. Popova, L. S. Litvinova, D. N. Suslov, and E. M. Ivan’kova. "Synthesis and properties of fibers based on polylactide stereocomplexes." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 90, no. 7 (July 2017): 1021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427217070011.

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33

Schmidt, Scott C., and Marc A. Hillmyer. "Synthesis and Characterization of Model Polyisoprene−Polylactide Diblock Copolymers." Macromolecules 32, no. 15 (July 1999): 4794–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9900277.

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34

TANAKA, Tomonari, and Jun-ichi KADOKAWA. "Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Amylose-Polylactide Inclusion Supramolecular Polymers." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.53.170.

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35

Tasaka, Fumitaka, Yuichi Ohya, and Tatsuro Ouchi. "Synthesis of Novel Comb-Type Polylactide and Its Biodegradability." Macromolecules 34, no. 16 (July 2001): 5494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma010067m.

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36

Kaur, Paramjit, Rajeev Mehta, Dusan Berek, and Sidh Nath Upadhyay. "Synthesis of Polylactide: Effect of Dispersion of the Initiator." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 48, no. 10 (October 2011): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2011.603642.

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37

Gonsalves, Kenneth E., Shuhua Jin, and Marie-Isabelles Baraton. "Synthesis and surface characterization of functionalized polylactide copolymer microparticles." Biomaterials 19, no. 16 (August 1998): 1501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(98)00066-0.

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38

Basko, Malgorzata, and Melania Bednarek. "Synthesis of functionalized polylactide by cationic activated monomer polymerization." Reactive and Functional Polymers 72, no. 4 (April 2012): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.02.003.

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39

Kim, Seok Ju, Yong Sik Kim, Oh-Kyu Lee, and Byoung-Jun Ahn. "Synthesis and characterization of kraft lignin-graft-polylactide copolymers." Wood Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (June 25, 2016): 1293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-016-0847-8.

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40

Czelusniak, Izabela, Ezat Khosravi, Alan M. Kenwright, and Christopher W. G. Ansell. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactide-Functionalized Polyoxanorbornenes." Macromolecules 40, no. 5 (March 2007): 1444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma061900o.

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41

Wolf, Florian K., and Holger Frey. "Inimer-Promoted Synthesis of Branched and Hyperbranched Polylactide Copolymers." Macromolecules 42, no. 24 (December 22, 2009): 9443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9016746.

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42

PIETRZAK, LUKASZ, and JEREMIASZ K. JESZKA. "Polylactide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites – synthesis and electrical properties." Polimery 55, no. 07/08 (July 2010): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2010.524.

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43

Nouvel, Cécile, Philippe Dubois, Edith Dellacherie, and Jean-Luc Six. "Controlled synthesis of amphiphilic biodegradable polylactide-grafted dextran copolymers." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 11 (April 19, 2004): 2577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20100.

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44

Stepanova, Darya A., Vladislava A. Pigareva, Anna K. Berkovich, Anastasia V. Bolshakova, Vasiliy V. Spiridonov, Irina D. Grozdova, and Andrey V. Sybachin. "Ultrasonic Film Rehydration Synthesis of Mixed Polylactide Micelles for Enzyme-Resistant Drug Delivery Nanovehicles." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194013.

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A facile technique for the preparation of mixed polylactide micelles from amorphous poly-D,L-lactide-block-polyethyleneglycol and crystalline amino-terminated poly-L-lactide is described. In comparison to the classical routine solvent substitution method, the ultrasonication assisted formation of polymer micelles allows shortening of the preparation time from several days to 15–20 min. The structure and morphology of mixed micelles were analyzed with the assistance of electron microscopy, dynamic and static light scattering and differential scanning calorimetery. The resulting polymer micelles have a hydrodynamic radius of about 150 nm and a narrow size distribution. The average molecular weight of micelles was found to be 2.1 × 107 and the aggregation number was calculated to be 6000. The obtained biocompatible particles were shown to possess low cytotoxicity, high colloid stability and high stability towards enzymatic hydrolysis. The possible application of mixed polylactide micelles as drug delivery vehicles was studied for the antitumor hydrophobic drug paclitaxel. The lethal concentration (LC50) of paclitaxel encapsulated in polylactide micelles was found to be 42 ± 4 µg/mL—a value equal to the LC50 of paclitaxel in the commercial drug Paclitaxel-Teva.

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45

Yildirim, Ilknur, Pelin Sungur, Anna C. Crecelius-Vitz, Turgay Yildirim, Diana Kalden, Stephanie Hoeppener, Matthias Westerhausen, Christine Weber, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "One-pot synthesis of PLA-b-PHEA via sequential ROP and RAFT polymerizations." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 39 (2017): 6086–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01176h.

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46

Bednarek, Melania, Katarina Borska, and Przemysław Kubisa. "Crosslinking of Polylactide by High Energy Irradiation and Photo-Curing." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214919.

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Polylactide (PLA) is presently the most studied bioderived polymer because, in addition to its established position as a material for biomedical applications, it can replace mass production plastics from petroleum. However, some drawbacks of polylactide such as insufficient mechanical properties at a higher temperature and poor shape stability have to be overcome. One of the methods of mechanical and thermal properties modification is crosslinking which can be achieved by different approaches, both at the stage of PLA-based materials synthesis and by physical modification of neat polylactide. This review covers PLA crosslinking by applying different types of irradiation, i.e., high energy electron beam or gamma irradiation and UV light which enables curing at mild conditions. In the last section, selected examples of biomedical applications as well as applications for packaging and daily-use items are presented in order to visualize how a variety of materials can be obtained using specific methods.

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47

Zhang, Quanxuan, Hong Ren, and Gregory L. Baker. "Synthesis and click chemistry of a new class of biodegradable polylactide towards tunable thermo-responsive biomaterials." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 8 (2015): 1275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py01425a.

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Jing, Zhanxin, Xuetao Shi, and Guangcheng Zhang. "Synthesis and properties of biodegradable supramolecular polymers based on polylactide-block -poly(δ -valerolactone)-block -polylactide triblock copolymers." Polymer International 66, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.5404.

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Kuznetsov, A. E., R. A. Kozlovsky, A. V. Beloded, I. A. Kozlovsky, M. R. Kozlovsky, V. V. Kucherenko, and I. R. Nasirov. "POTENTIAL OF IMPROVEMENT OF LACTIC ACID TECHNOLOGY FOR POLYLACTIDE SYNTHESIS." Chemical Industry Today, no. 3 (2022): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53884/27132854_2022_3_2.

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Caillol, Sylvain, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Anne-Françoise Mingotaud, Michèle Schappacher, Alain Soum, N. Bryson, and R. Meyrueix. "Synthesis and Self-Assembly Properties of Peptide−Polylactide Block Copolymers." Macromolecules 36, no. 4 (February 2003): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma021187c.

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