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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyfunctional exchangers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Ergozhin, E. E., T. K. Chalov, A. G. Rozhkova, and R. A. Iskakova. "Epichlorohydrin-Based Polyfunctional Ion Exchangers." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 78, no. 10 (October 2005): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0569-4.

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2

Ergozhin, E. E., N. N. Chopabaeva, and B. T. Tairova. "Polyfunctional ion-exchangers based on wood." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, no. 5 (September 2006): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0222-3.

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3

Sadykov, К. A., N. A. Bektenov, and L. K. Ybraimzhanovа. "Obtaining new polyfunctional ion-exchange sorbents." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 78, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2022-2/2710-1185.66.

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The purposeful synthesis of polymeric chelate-forming sorbents, distinguished by high efficiency, selectivity of action, cost-effectiveness, is one of the promising directions in the field of increasing selectivity of the sorption processes. The paper aims at the synthesis of new ionic compounds, based on the copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and chelating agent - oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid. The preparation of the insoluble complex sorbents by the method of a chemical modification with the introduction of a soluble complexone, hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, widely used in the industry and heat engineering, into the polymer matrix has been studied. The ways of obtaining new ion-exchange resins, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexon, have been developed. The optimal mode for obtaining the ion exchangers, based on a double copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid, is the mass ratio of copolymer:acid 1.0:1.0, at a temperature of 90 0C, and heating during 10 hours. The yield of ion exchangers makes up 78-80%. The composition and structure of the obtained ionites have been identified by the infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The static exchange capacity for 0.1 М NaOH solution is 5.92 mg-eq/g. It has been found that the obtained ionite has a satisfactory chemical resistance to various acids, alkalis and oxidants, the loss of the static exchange capacity does not exceed 7%. The resulting ionite can be used as a sorption material for the industrial wastewater treatment from various metal ions.

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4

Khakimbolatova, K. Kh, E. E. Ergozhin, T. K. Chalov, T. V. Kovrigina, and A. I. Nikitina. "New polyfunctional anion exchangers for platinum metal sorption." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 83, no. 6 (June 2010): 941–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427210060029.

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5

Ergozhin, E. E., N. A. Bektenov, K. M. Kalmuratova, K. A. Sadykov, G. E. Abdralieva, and Zh N. Kainarbaeva. "SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE CHELATING ION EXCHANGERS BASED ON COPOLYMERS OF EPOXYACRYLATE." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.02.

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The possibilities of obtaining new chelating (complexing) ion exchangers based on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), and oxyethylenediphosphonic acid complexone (OEDP) were studied. The optimal synthesis conditions and studied the physicochemical properties of the resin.To assess the acid-base properties of the synthesized polyelectrolytes, potentiometric studies were carried out, it was determined that the new ion exchangers have a medium acid character, and also belong to polyfunctional ion exchangers. The structure of the synthe-sized ion exchangers GMA-TPGDA-MMA: OEDP, GMA-MMA: OEDP was established by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Studied the influence of the ratio of the initial reacting components, temperature and duration of the process on the static exchange capacity of ion exchangers. It was found that an increase in the amount of oxyethylenediphosphonic acid in the initial mixture in the reaction mixture from 1.0 to 3.0 mass parts leads to an increase in the capacity from 4.3 mEq / g to 6.2 mEq / g according to GMA-TPGDA- MMA: HEDP, from 4.8 mEq / g to 6.6 mEq / g according to GMA-MMA: HEDP. The chemical stability of the ion exchan-gers showed that the obtained ion exchangers are quite inert to chemical reagents. The most stable was the cation exchanger based on the ternary copolymer GMA-TPGDA-MMA: HEDP with a mass ratio of 1: 3. The degree of loss of capacity of the ion exchanger, obtained on its basis, does not exceed 9% when treated with solutions of acids, alkalis, and under the action of oxidizing agents, SEC practically does not change.

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6

Ergozhin, E. E., T. K. Chalov, R. A. Iskakova, and T. V. Kovrigina. "Polyfunctional Anion Exchangers Based on Copolymers of Allyl Glycidyl Ether and Polyamines." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 77, no. 3 (March 2004): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000031291.66677.e2.

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7

Polyakova, Irina V., and Oleg A. Pisarev. "Influence of polyfunctional interactions between organic zwitter-ion eremomycin and carboxylic cation exchangers on forming concentration front." Journal of Chromatography A 1092, no. 1 (October 2005): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.017.

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8

Ergozhin, E. E., A. K. Chalov, B. A. Mukhitdinova, and R. A. Iskakova. "Polyfunctional Anion Exchangers on the Basis of Allyl Compounds, Glyсydilic Ethers of Dioxybenzenes and Some Di- and Polyamines." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 3, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj383.

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Scientific basis for preparation of new carbon-mineral adsorbents, supports, highly selective catalysts, and composite materials synthesized by a carbide cycle mechanism on the finely disperse particles of the iron subgroup metals, their alloys with some other metals is discussed. It was found that the carbide cycle mechanism involves the chemical and physical steps. The regularities of the process performance on the both stages are considered. Graphite filaments may be formed of graphite layers with either coaxial-cylindrical, coaxial-conic or stack orientations in the filament body. A number of primary and secondary properties of the graphite aggregates is being discussed. We have developed the methods for control the synthesis of carbon-mineral materials of the specified properties by varying the parameters of the metal particles, the nature of hydrocarbon decomposition, and the process mode.

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9

Herrera-Rodríguez, Tamy, Lina S. Miranda-Jiménez, and Ángel D. González-Delgado. "Computer-Aided Exergy Sensibility Analysis of Nitrobenzene Production through Benzene Nitration Using an Acid Mixture." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6986709.

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Nitrobenzene is widely produced via benzene nitration to be applied in several industries such as pharmaceutical, textile, and agricultural. In this work, an exergy sensibility analysis was performed with the aim of identifying possible opportunities of process improvements. The irreversibilities, exergy of wastes, and efficiency were calculated per stage through exergy balance. The simulation software Aspen plus V10.1 provided the physical exergies of process streams while chemical exergies were found in literature. A sensibility analysis was also carried out in order to study the effect of efficiency of some stages (polyfunctional reaction and cooling 1) on global exergy efficiency. This analysis reveals that nitrobenzene production from benzene is an efficient process from an exergy viewpoint (88%). The total irreversibilities, total exergy of wastes, and exergy of utilities-inlet were calculated in 41,647,341.85 MJ/h, 5,537,487.3 MJ/h, and 18,137,363.71 MJ/h, respectively. The results obtained from sensibility analysis suggested that heat flow of heat exchangers HE-201, HE-303, and HE-301 could provide energy requirements for heating.

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10

Kremsmair, Alexander, Johannes H. Harenberg, Kuno Schwärzer, Andreas Hess, and Paul Knochel. "Preparation and reactions of polyfunctional magnesium and zinc organometallics in organic synthesis." Chemical Science 12, no. 17 (2021): 6011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00685a.

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Polyfunctional Mg and Zn organometallics can be prepared from organic halides by metal insertions, halogen/metal-exchanges or metalations with TMP-bases. These intermediates can be used in new cross-couplings, aminations or continuous flow set-ups.

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11

Ahearn, GA. "The Invertebrate Electrogenic 2Na+/1H+ Exchanger: Polyfunctional Epithelial Workstation." Physiology 11, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1996.11.1.31.

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Invertebrate epithelial cells from gut, kidney, and gills possess an electrogenic brush-border 2Na+/1H+ antiporter protein that is analogous to the vertebrate electroneutral 1Na+/1H+ exchanger but that performs an extensive array of transport functions because of its electrogenic nature and wide substrate range involving both monovalent and divalent cations.

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12

Langer, F., A. Devasagayaraj, P. Y. Chavant, and P. Knochel. "Preparation of New Polyfunctional Diorganozincs Using a Boron-Zinc Exchange Reaction." Synlett 1994, no. 06 (1994): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-22868.

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13

Matraszek, Renata. "Ion exchanger BIONA 312 as a component of soils polluted with nickel in cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Acta Agrobotanica 57, no. 1-2 (2013): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2004.005.

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The objective of the studies undertaken was to assess the possibility of ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 use for nickel bioavailability limitation in cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) 'Hermes'cv. as determined on the ground of chlorophyll and Ni content. BIONA 312, regarding the chemical composition, is a mixture of strongly acid cation exchanger KU-2x8 and polyfunctional weakly alkaline anion exchanger EDE-10P. The experiment was differentiated in regard to nickel and ion exchanger content. The following doses of Ni (in the form of NiSO<sub>4</sub>) were introduced: 0,30 or 75mg Ni·dm<sup>-3</sup> of the substrate. BIONA 312 was added to the medium in the following doses: O,2 or 5% of substrate volume. Together with Ni dose increase in the medium there was recorded a significant increase of this metal concentration in the cucumber biomass. Nickel in the amount 30 mg dm<sup>-3</sup> did not affect considerably the changes in any of chlorophyll form, but a dose 75mg Ni·dm<sup>-3</sup> has caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll "a" concentration in cucumber leaves. Simultaneously with the increase in the nickel content in the nutritive environment the decrease in the value of organic mass productivity coefficient was observed. The introduction of 5% ion exchange substrate BIONA 312 into the medium containing nickel in the amount 30 or 75 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> induced a significant growth of the studied chlorophyll fractions in the cucumber leaves. BIONA 312 introduced to the environment contaminated with nickel in the amount of 30 or 75 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> has significantly reduced Ni content in the cucumber biomass simultaneously increasing participation of roots in organic mass production. More efficient for the reduction of harmful Ni effect on the cucumber plants turned out to be introduction of ionite sorbent BIONA 312 at the dosage 5% than 2%.

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14

Balkenhohl, Moritz, Dorothée S. Ziegler, Alexandre Desaintjean, Leonie J. Bole, Alan R. Kennedy, Eva Hevia, and Paul Knochel. "Preparation of Polyfunctional Arylzinc Organometallics in Toluene by Halogen/Zinc Exchange Reactions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 37 (July 19, 2019): 12898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201906898.

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15

Knochel, Paul, and Xiaoyin Yang. "Preparation and Reactions of Polyfunctional Magnesium Arylcuprates Obtained by an Iodine-Copper Exchange." Synlett, no. 1 (2004): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-43358.

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16

Calaza, M. Isabel, Xiaoyin Yang, Darunee Soorukram, and Paul Knochel. "Stereoselective SN2-Substitutions Using Polyfunctional Lithium Arylcuprates Prepared by an Iodine−Copper Exchange." Organic Letters 6, no. 4 (February 2004): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol0362865.

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17

LANGER, F., A. DEVASAGAYARAJ, P. Y. CHAVANT, and P. KNOCHEL. "ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Polyfunctional Diorganozincs Using a Boron-Zinc Exchange Reaction." ChemInform 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199504217.

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18

Bronskaya, V. V., E. V. Garifullina, T. V. Ignashina, G. A. Aminova, G. V. Manuyko, O. S. Kharitonova, and D. S. Balzamov. "Calculation of the main characteristics of polymer branching taking into account the exchange of activity between polymerization centres." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 4 (February 1, 2022): 042023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/4/042023.

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Abstract The calculation of the main characteristics of the branching of the polymer is presented in the article using the example of polymerization of butadiene in the presence of an organolithium catalytic system modified with polyfunctional sodium and magnesium alcoholates. The addition of a modifier to the catalytic system leads to the participation in the polymerization of at least two types of active centers, which is the reason for some branching of macromolecules. The complemented mathematical model of the periodic process, taking into account the exchange of activity between the two centers, allows to calculate the main characteristics of branching.

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19

Knochel, Paul, Andreas Boudier, Lars O. Bromm, Eike Hupe, Jesús A. Varela, Alain Rodriguez, Christopher Koradin, Tanasri Bunlaksananusorn, Hamid Laaziri, and Frédéric Lhermitte. "Selective transformations mediated by main-group organometallics." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 9 (January 1, 2000): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072091699.

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Main-group organometallics are useful intermediates for the chemoselective and diastereoselective C-C bond formation. The boron-zinc exchange is a unique way for preparing chiral secondary alkylzinc reagents which are configurationally stable over a wide temperature scale. Coupled with the thermal rearrangement of tertiary organoboranes, a broad range of open-chain and cyclic polyfunctional molecules have been prepared. In addition, several examples of a diastereoselective remote C-H activation have been studied. The second part shows that the main-group metallic alkoxides such as t-BuOK can be used for the performance of catalytic reactions such as a new indole synthesis.

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20

Balanovsky, N. V., A. M. Koshcheeva, and A. G. Cherednichenko. "Synthesis and properties of strongly basic acrylate polyfunctional anion-exchange resin for uranium extraction." Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin 71, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027131416050023.

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21

Varchi, Greta, Christiane Kofink, David M. Lindsay, Alfredo Ricci, and Paul Knochel. "Direct preparation of polyfunctional amino-substituted arylmagnesium reagents via an iodine–magnesium exchange reaction." Chemical Communications, no. 3 (January 14, 2003): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b211115b.

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22

Yokoyama, Yukio, Ayaka Yokokawa, Kodai Noguchi, and Tomoko Tanabe. "Polyfunctional low-capacity cation-exchange packing material for the separation of underivatized amino acids." Talanta 103 (January 2013): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.039.

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23

Panayotov, D. A., and J. T. Yates. "Charge exchange between TiO2 and a polyfunctional chemisorbed molecule – the involvement of electrophilic groups." Chemical Physics Letters 399, no. 4-6 (December 2004): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.083.

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24

Melzig, Laurin, Coura R. Diène, Christoph J. Rohbogner, and Paul Knochel. "Preparation of Polyfunctional Zinc Organometallics Using an Fe- or Co-Catalyzed Cl/Zn-Exchange." Organic Letters 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2011): 3174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol201100p.

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25

Abarbri, Mohamed, Jérôme Thibonnet, Laurent Bérillon, Florian Dehmel, Mario Rottländer, and Paul Knochel. "Preparation of New Polyfunctional Magnesiated Heterocycles Using a Chlorine−, Bromine−, or Iodine−Magnesium Exchange." Journal of Organic Chemistry 65, no. 15 (July 2000): 4618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo000235t.

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26

Terin, Denis, Marina Kardash, Denis Ainetdinov, Timur Turaev, and Ilya Sinev. "Anion-Exchange Membrane “Polikon A” Based on Polyester Fiber Fabric (Functionalized by Low-Temperature High-Frequency Plasma) with Oxidized Metal Nanoparticles." Membranes 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2023): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080742.

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An experimental laboratory set of samples of composite heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes was obtained by us for the development of our original method of polycondensation filling. Anion-exchange membranes were prepared on plasma-treated and non-plasma-treated polyester fiber fabrics. The fabric was treated with low-temperature argon plasma at a power of 400 W for 10 min at a pressure of 5 × 10−5 mbar. On the surface and bulk of the polyester fiber, a polyfunctional anionite of mixed basicity was synthesized and formed. The anion-exchange membrane contained secondary and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium groups, which were obtained from polyethylene polyamines and epichlorohydrins. At the stage of the chemical synthesis of the anion matrix, oxidized nanoparticles (~1.5 wt.%) of silicon, nickel, and iron were added to the monomerization composition. The use of ion-plasma processing of fibers in combination with the introduction of oxidized nanoparticles at the synthesis stage makes it possible to influence the speed and depth of the synthesis and curing processes; this changes the formation of the surface morphology and the internal structure of the ion-exchange polymer matrix, as well as the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and—as a result—the different operational characteristics of anion-exchange membranes.

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27

Gabarró-López, Sílvia. "Mans enlaire i palmells amunt, això és un marcador discursiu!" Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 34 (July 1, 2021): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2021.165-191.

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Summary: In this article, we present the first study on PALM-UP from the perspective of discourse markers in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). In the sample extracted from the LSC Corpus, we observed that PALM-UP is polyfunctional. It frequently expresses nonconnective purposes, that is, it is used to punctuate discourse or to participate in the exchange between signers. We have not found correspondences between the handshape of PALM-UP (one handed or two handed) and its functions. We have neither observed any combination of nonmanuals that allows us to distinguish one function from the other. This finding underlines the importance of context in order to assign a specific function to this discourse marker. Keywords: PALM-UP, discourse marker, functional description, handshape, nonmanuals

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28

Abarbri, Mohamed, Jerome Thibonnet, Laurent Berillon, Florian Dehmel, Mario Rottlaender, and Paul Knochel. "ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of New Polyfunctional Magnesiated Heterocycles Using a Chlorine-, Bromine-, or Iodine-Magnesium Exchange." ChemInform 31, no. 47 (November 21, 2000): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200047039.

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29

Rodionova, D. O., I. V. Voronyuk, and T. V. Eliseeva. "Hydration and sorption characteristics of a polyfunctional weak-base anion exchanger after the sorption of vanillin and ethylvanillin." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 90, no. 7 (June 16, 2016): 1461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024416070268.

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30

Abarbri, Mohamed, Florian Dehmel, and Paul Knochel. "Bromine-magnesium-exchange as a general tool for the preparation of polyfunctional aryl and heteroaryl magnesium-reagents." Tetrahedron Letters 40, no. 42 (October 1999): 7449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01404-5.

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31

Abarbri, Mohamed, Florian Dehmel, and Paul Knochel. "ChemInform Abstract: Bromine-Magnesium-Exchange as a General Tool for the Preparation of Polyfunctional Aryl and Heteroaryl Magnesium-Reagents." ChemInform 31, no. 1 (June 12, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200001074.

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32

Avodo Avodo, Joseph. "L’activité phatique et régulatrice dans la conversation en fulfulde-funangeere : aspects interactionnels et relationnels." Traduction et Langues 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i1.940.

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Phatic and Feedback Activity in Conversation in Fulfulde-Funangeere: interactional and relational aspects This article focuses on the collective construction of discourse through the prism of phatic and feedback activity. The empirical framework is the informal conversation in Fulfulde. The aim of the analysis is to describe the linguistic materials used by the participants to perform the roles of speaker and addressee, respectively. The analysis focuses on the processes of establishing and maintaining communicative contact on the one hand, and on the markers of the addressee's commitment on the other. The empirical data used are the result of a sociolinguistic survey carried out through non-participant observation, a questionnaire, and the recording of five conversations in Fulfulde-Funangeere in the city of Maroua, Cameroon. The study is based on the hypothesis that phatic and backchannel activities are involved in the interactional mechanisms of synchronization of exchanges, but also have relational functions. The analyses take advantage of interctionist epistemology, notably conversational analysis (Sacks et al, 1974, Traverso, 2011) and the interpersonal relationship in discourse in interaction (Goffman, 1974; Kerbrat-Orecchioni, 1992, 2005). The results of the study underline the polyfunctional character of the linguistic units mobilized by the interactants to maintain contact and mark their socio-cognitive commitment to the exchange. It also emerges that the linguistic units identified provide both interactional and relational microfunctions, confirming the basic hypothesis. In fact, the importance given to speech in the interaction forces the participants to engage emotionally, cognitively, and socially in the interaction. The interaction then becomes the place par excellence where the socio-affective stakes are played out: appearing benevolent, suitable, highlighting one's good education, showing deference and altruism, maintaining and consolidating interpersonal ties. In short, this study of the phatic and feedback activity contributes to shed light on some aspects of the conversational style of the peoples of the Sudano-Sahelian area of the Far North of Cameroon.

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33

Rozema, Michael J., Christina Eisenberg, Henning Lütjens, Roswitha Ostwald, Kevin Belyk, and Paul Knochell. "Enantioselective preparation of polyfunctional secondary allylic alcohols using functionalized dialkylzincs prepared by a copper(I) catalyzed iodine-zinc exchange reaction." Tetrahedron Letters 34, no. 19 (May 1993): 3115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)93393-8.

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34

Smolyaninov, Ivan V., Andrey I. Poddel’sky, Susanna A. Smolyaninova, Maxim V. Arsenyev, Georgy K. Fukin, and Nadezhda T. Berberova. "Polyfunctional Sterically Hindered Catechols with Additional Phenolic Group and Their Triphenylantimony(V) Catecholates: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Properties." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 12, 2020): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081770.

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New polyfunctional sterically hindered 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechols with an additional phenolic group in the sixth position connected by a bridging sulfur atom—(6-(CH2-S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L1), (6-(S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L2), and (6-(S-Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)H2 (L3) (3,5-DBCat is dianion 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecolate)—were synthesized and characterized in detail. The exchange reaction between catechols L1 and L3 with triphenylantimony(V) dibromide in the presence of triethylamine leads to the corresponding triphenylantimony(V) catecholates (6-(CH2-S-tBu2Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)SbPh3 (1) and (6-(S-Phenol)-3,5-DBCat)SbPh3 (2). The electrochemical properties of catechols L1–L3 and catecholates 1 and 2 were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical oxidation of L1–L3 at the first stage proceeds with the formation of the corresponding o-benzoquinones. The second process is the oxidation of the phenolic moiety. Complexes 1 and 2 significantly expand their redox capabilities, owing to the fact that they can act as the electron donors due to the catecholate metallocycle capable of sequential oxidations, and as donors of the hydrogen atoms, thus forming a stable phenoxyl radical. The molecular structures of the free ligand L1 and complex 1 in the crystal state were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.

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35

Abolins, Arnis, Ralfs Pomilovskis, Edgars Vanags, Inese Mierina, Slawomir Michalowski, Anda Fridrihsone, and Mikelis Kirpluks. "Impact of Different Epoxidation Approaches of Tall Oil Fatty Acids on Rigid Polyurethane Foam Thermal Insulation." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040894.

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A second-generation bio-based feedstock—tall oil fatty acids—was epoxidised via two pathways. Oxirane rings were introduced into the fatty acid carbon backbone using a heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst-ion exchange resin Amberlite IR-120 H or enzyme catalyst Candida antarctica lipase B under the trade name Novozym® 435. High functionality bio-polyols were synthesised from the obtained epoxidated tall oil fatty acids by oxirane ring-opening and subsequent esterification reactions with different polyfunctional alcohols: trimethylolpropane and triethanolamine. The synthesised epoxidised tall oil fatty acids (ETOFA) were studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The chemical structure of obtained polyols was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Average molecular weight and polydispersity of polyols were determined from size exclusion chromatography data. The obtained polyols were used to develop rigid polyurethane (PU) foam thermal insulation material with an approximate density of 40 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity, apparent density and compression strength of the rigid PU foams were determined. The rigid PU foams obtained from polyols synthesised using Novozym® 435 catalyst had superior properties in comparison to rigid PU foams obtained from polyols synthesised using Amberlite IR-120 H. The developed rigid PU foams had an excellent thermal conductivity of 21.2–25.9 mW/(m·K).

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36

Vosmerikov, A. V., L. N. Vosmerikova, G. V. Echevsky, L. L. Korobitsyna, Ye G. Kodenev, and L. M. Velichkina. "Generation of Liquid Products from Natural Gas over Zeolite Catalysts." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 5, no. 4 (April 6, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj314.

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<p>The main component of the natural gas is methane, whose molecules are characterized by a high chemical and thermal stability. It is impossible to perform the chemical transformation of natural gas into liquid organic compounds without applying highly active polyfunctional catalysts. Natural gas might be converted into liquid products in the presence of zeolite catalysts of pentasil family. Zeolite catalysts of ZSM-5 type were prepared to realize the process. They contained various amounts of Zn and Ga promoters introduced by ion exchange and impregnation. It has been shown that in the presence of small amounts of C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>5</sub> alkanes in the feedstock the methane is converted into aromatic hydrocarbons much more readily and in softer conditions than pure methane. At optimum process conditions reached is a high conversion of the natural gas into a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons. This mixture mainly consists of benzene and naphthalene and small amounts of their derivatives – toluene, C<sub>8</sub> and C<sub>9+</sub> alkylbenzenes, methyl- and dimethylnaphthalenes. An optimum composition of zeolite matrix and the amount of the modifier in the catalyst have been established.</p>

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37

ROZEMA, M. J., C. EISENBERG, H. LUETJENS, R. OSTWALD, K. BELYK, and P. KNOCHEL. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Preparation of Polyfunctional Secondary Allylic Alcohols Using Functionalized Dialkylzincs Prepared by a Copper(I)- Catalyzed Iodine-Zinc Exchange Reaction." ChemInform 24, no. 40 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199340153.

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38

Varyvoda, Ye S., I. Ya Orishchin, V. M. Lutsiv, V. Ye Varyvoda, B. R. Dzis, V. Ye Chaban, R. P. Dzis, and Ye Р. Karpovich. "Application of sorbitol based infusion preparation for normalization of water-electrolyte exchange in surgery patients with direct rectal cancer." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.1 (October 11, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.1-14.

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Objective. To study the effect of intravenous infusions of the complex drug Rheosorbilact polyfunctional action on the indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients with rectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. Clinical application of the complex drug Rheosorbilact of multifunctional action was carried out in 30 patients with rectal cancer after the operation of anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period. Studies of plasma electrolytes in operated patients were performed before surgery, on the 1st day after surgery, and on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th day after administration of the drug Rheosorbilact. Results. As a result of studies in patients with colorectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the first days after surgery revealed a decrease in potassium, sodium, calcium in blood plasma. To correct the indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients after anterior resection of the rectum immediately after surgery intravenously injected infusion drug Rheosorbilact multifunctional action. After repeated, within 5 days, intravenous infusions of the drug Rheosorbilact, revealed normalization of the concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium in blood plasma in operated patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusions. Repeated intravenous infusions of the complex drug Rheosorbilact multifunctional action lead to normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with colorectal cancer after anterior resection of the rectum in the early postoperative period. Normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism in operated patients is confirmed by the content of potassium, sodium and calcium ions in the infusion drug Rheosorbilact. Rheosorbilact is recommended for widespread medical use in such patients, especially in the early postoperative period.

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Karmanov, Anatoliy Petrovich, Al'bert Vladimirovich Kanarsky, Lyudmila Sergeyevna Kocheva, Zosia Al'bertovna Kanarskaya, Venera Maratovna Gematdinova, Nikolay Ivanovich Bogdanovich, Ol'ga Andreyevna Patova, and Natal'ya Geliyevna Rachkova. "BIOSORBENTS BASED ON POLYSACCHARIDES. EVALUATION OF SORPTION CAPACITY IN RELATION TO URANIUM AND THORIUM." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019045210.

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Study of sorption of heavy natural radionuclide’s uranium and thorium from water by β-gluсancontaining sorbents obtained from biomass of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and bran of oat Avena sativa was carried out. It is shown that the content of mobile (water-soluble, exchange and acid-soluble) and fixed forms of uranium on investigated β-glucans vary considerably. It is found that the extent of irreversible sorption of uranium does not exceed 58.6%. For the first time shown that β-glucans have high sorption capacity in ratio of thorium. In the conditions of the experiments it was retrieved more than 99% of thorium from the water. The content of fixed form of thorium reaches 94% of the sorbed. Characteristics of surface and capillary-porous structure of samples were defined. The correlation relationships between rates of adsorption and specific surface of preparations were installed. An analysis of the relationship between sorption capacity and various properties of glucans leads to the conclusion that the most important role for the implementation of a strong adsorption of heavy radionuclides belongs to chemisorptions mechanisms, while the contribution of surface physical phenomena is not essential. It is shown that the highest strong adsorption of thorium is characterized by a sample representing the cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The findings suggest of β-glucans prospects in practical terms and their use as polyfunctional enterosorbеnts.

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40

Ketels, Marthe, Maximilian A. Ganiek, Niels Weidmann, and Paul Knochel. "Synthesis of Polyfunctional Diorganomagnesium and Diorganozinc Reagents through In Situ Trapping Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Highly Functionalized (Hetero)aryl Halides in Continuous Flow." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 41 (September 7, 2017): 12770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201706609.

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41

Simatin, T. V., Е. А. Bildieva, F. V. Eroshenko, and А. А. Kalashnikova. "Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with polyfunctional products on the chlorophyll and nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (September 6, 2022): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2022-82-4-84-90.

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The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations Icar Sids, Sprintalga and Microfol Combi, conducted at the experimental field and in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Physiology of the North Caucasian FNAC in 2018–2021. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary medium–sized low–humus heavy loamy black soil, with very low availability of mineral nitrogen, medium – mobile phosphorus, insufficient – exchange potassium. The weather of the research area characterized by large amplitude of annual fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation. Weather conditions in 2018–2021 differed, both in the amount of precipitation and in the temperature regime. Studies were carried out in order to identify the physiological features of grain harvest formation during pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations on ordinary black soil of the Central Caucasus. To achieve this goal, the chlorophyll content in the organs of winter wheat plants was studied by extracting pigments with 96 % ethyl alcohol, nitrogen content in plants, accounting for yield and studying the structure of the crop. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations contributed to an increase in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in plant organs by 4.3–17.9 %, and also influenced the consumption of mineral elements, increasing the nitrogen content in plants by an average of 15.6–42 %, depending on the phase of wheat development, which ultimately led to an increase in yield by 0.22–0.37 t/ha. The cost of preparations used for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds increased production costs by 167–349 rubles /ha, but due to the resulting crop increase, profit increased by 3099–4905 rubles /t, and the profitability of grain production by 9.2–14.1%.

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Wu, Zheng Zhi, John Nash, and Harry Morrison. "Organic photochemistry. 97. Antenna-initiated photochemistry in polyfunctional steroids. Photoepimerization of 3.alpha.-(dimethylphenylsiloxy)-5.alpha.-androstane-6,17-dione and its 3.beta. isomer by through-bond exchange energy transfer." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 17 (August 1992): 6640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a005.

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43

WU, Z. Z., J. NASH, and H. MORRISON. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Photochemistry. Part 97. Antenna-Initiated Photochemistry in Polyfunctional Steroids. Photoepimerization of 3α-( Dimethylphenylsiloxy)-5α-androstane-6,17-dione and Its 3β Isomer by Through-Bond Exchange Energy Transfer." ChemInform 23, no. 49 (September 1, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199249252.

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44

Weidmann, Niels, Rodolfo H. V. Nishimura, Paul Knochel, and Johannes H. Harenberg. "Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Sensitive (Hetero)aromatic Halides under Barbier Conditions in a Continuous Flow Set-Up." Synthesis, September 2, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707259.

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AbstractA halogen–lithium exchange reaction of (hetero)aromatic halides performed in the presence of various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, Weinreb amides, and imines using BuLi as exchange reagent and a commercially available flow set-up is reported. The organolithiums generated in situ were instantaneously trapped with various electrophiles (Barbier conditions) resulting in the formation of polyfunctional (hetero)arenes. This method enables the functionalization of (hetero)arenes containing highly sensitive functional groups such as esters, which are not tolerated in batch conditions.

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Ovcharuk, Olha. "Image as a polyfunctional phenomenon of culture." NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MANAGERIAL STAFF OF CULTURE AND ARTS HERALD, no. 1 (May 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-3209.1.2022.257440.

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The purpose of the article is to single out and substantiate the specifics of the functions of the image as a cultural phenomenon. The research methodology consists of the application of systemic, axiological, cultural-hermeneutic approaches, analytical, semiotic, and phenomenological methods for understanding the image through the prism of different methodological strategies of cultural knowledge. The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the context of culturological knowledge the concept of «image» was worked out through the substantiation of the system of functions performed by him. It is substantiated that the image is a universal sign of information exchange, the function of which is to create and encode meanings. Due to the multiplicity of artistic manifestations, the image demonstrates the ability to perform a translational function, conveying significant meanings accumulated in symbolic codes. The information-communicative function is realized through complex mechanisms of functioning of collectiveconsciousness, in particular cultural. The cognitive function of the image is manifested as a way of artistic reflection of reality. The value-semantic, spiritual-creative nature of culture and the material and spiritual values accumulated in it determine the presence of the axiological function of the image. The cumulative function of the image is based on irrational, not entirely rationalized elements that reveal the essential characteristics of the culture. Due to the ability to report a potential, unconvincing, unknown component of the known, the prognostic function of the image is realized. Conclusions. The dominance of the figurative method of reflection, characterized by the priority of the visual over the verbal, the subconscious over the conscious, creates grounds for the transformation of the phenomenon of the image under the influence of visual, information, and image-making technologies. As a multifunctional phenomenon, the image performs a number of functions (creation and coding of meanings, translational, information-communicative, cognitive, axiological, prognostic), the systemic integrity of which reflects the latest scientific approaches to understanding the image as a cultural phenomenon.Key words: image, cultures, function, culturology, polyfunctional phenomenon.

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Yang, Xiaoyin, and Paul Knochel. "Preparation and Reactions of Polyfunctional Magnesium Arylcuprates Obtained by an Iodide—Copper Exchange." ChemInform 35, no. 19 (May 11, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200419046.

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Calaza, M. Isabel, Xiaoyin Yang, Darunee Soorukram, and Paul Knochel. "Stereoselective SN2-Substitutions Using Polyfunctional Lithium Arylcuprates Prepared by an Iodine—Copper Exchange." ChemInform 35, no. 24 (June 15, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200424063.

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48

Varchi, Greta, Christiane Kofink, David M. Lindsay, Alfredo Ricci, and Paul Knochel. "Direct Preparation of Polyfunctional Amino-Substituted Arylmagnesium Reagents via an Iodine—Magnesium Exchange Reaction." ChemInform 34, no. 24 (June 17, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200324059.

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