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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyfluorinated sulfonate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Lin, Qingqi, Can Zhou, Lei Chen, Yafei Li, Xiongfei Huang, Shizhong Wang, Rongliang Qiu, and Changyuan Tang. "Accumulation and associated phytotoxicity of novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in wheat seedlings." Chemosphere 249 (June 2020): 126447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126447.

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2

Garmo, Laimar C., Mackenzie K. Herroon, Shane Mecca, Alexis Wilson, David R. Allen, Manisha Agarwal, Seongho Kim, Michael C. Petriello, and Izabela Podgorski. "The long-chain polyfluorinated alkyl substance perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) promotes bone marrow adipogenesis." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 491 (October 2024): 117047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2024.117047.

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3

Mao, Weili, Jianli Qu, Ruyue Guo, Yuanchen Chen, Hangbiao Jin, and Jingyan Xu. "Association between Serum 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate Concentrations and Lung Cancer." Toxics 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2024): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080603.

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6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) exhibits pronounced estrogenic effects, potentially influencing the etiology of lung cancer. This study assessed the potential associations between serum concentrations of 6:2 Cl-PFESA and lung cancer risk at the population level. Odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer across serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA quartiles were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Additionally, we investigated potential effect modification by various confounding factors. Elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were consistently associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in both the crude model (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.08–2.42, p = 0.018) and the adjusted model (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06–2.39, p = 0.026). Stratified analyses revealed that elevated serum levels of 6:2 Cl-PFESA were associated with increased risk estimates of lung cancer among males (adjusted OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.19–3.51, p = 0.006), smokers (adjusted OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.25–4.89, p = 0.003), and drinkers (adjusted OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 0.94–5.16, p = 0.049). The results of this study imply that exposure to 6:2 Cl-PFESA at levels considered environmentally relevant may be linked to an elevated risk of developing lung cancer.

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4

Liu, Wei, Jingwen Li, Lichen Gao, Zhou Zhang, Jing Zhao, Xin He, and Xin Zhang. "Bioaccumulation and effects of novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in freshwater alga Scenedesmus obliquus." Environmental Pollution 233 (February 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.039.

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5

Hong, So-Hye, Seung Hee Lee, Jun-Young Yang, Jin Hee Lee, Ki Kyung Jung, Ji Hyun Seok, Sung-Hee Kim, et al. "Orally Administered 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate (F-53B) Causes Thyroid Dysfunction in Rats." Toxics 8, no. 3 (August 8, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030054.

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The compound 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B), a replacement for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in the electroplating industry, has been widely detected in numerous environmental matrices, human sera, and organisms. Due to regulations that limit PFOS use, F-53B use is expected to increase. Therefore, in this study, we performed a subchronic oral toxicity study of F-53B in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. F-53B was administered orally once daily to male and female rats for 28 days at doses of 5, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day. There were no toxicologically significant changes in F-53B-treated rats, except in the thyroid gland. However, F-53B slightly reduced the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine, compared with their concentrations in the vehicle group. F-53B also induced follicular hyperplasia and was associated with increased thyroid hormone biosynthesis-associated protein expression. These results demonstrate that F-53B is a strong regulator of thyroid hormones in SD rats as it disrupts thyroid function. Thus, caution should be exercised in the industrial application of F-53B as an alternative for PFOS.

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6

Pan, Ying, Bei Wen, Hongna Zhang, and Shuzhen Zhang. "Comparison of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accumulation and toxicity in mung bean." Environmental Pollution 287 (October 2021): 117332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117332.

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7

Shi, Guohui, Hua Guo, Nan Sheng, Qianqian Cui, Yitao Pan, Jinxing Wang, Yong Guo, and Jiayin Dai. "Two-generational reproductive toxicity assessment of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B, a novel alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate) in zebrafish." Environmental Pollution 243 (December 2018): 1517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.120.

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8

Chu, Chu, Hao Ran, Yang Zhou, Kun Zhao, Yun-Ting Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Fan, Lu-Yin Wu, et al. "Placental inflammatory injury induced by chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) through NLRP3 inflammasome activation." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 279 (July 2024): 116453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116453.

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9

Khazaee, Manoochehr, Emerson Christie, Weixiao Cheng, Mandy Michalsen, Jennifer Field, and Carla Ng. "Perfluoroalkyl Acid Binding with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α, γ, and δ, and Fatty Acid Binding Proteins by Equilibrium Dialysis with a Comparison of Methods." Toxics 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030045.

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The biological impacts of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are linked to their protein interactions. Existing research has largely focused on serum albumin and liver fatty acid binding protein, and binding affinities determined with a variety of methods show high variability. Moreover, few data exist for short-chain PFAS, though their prevalence in the environment is increasing. We used molecular dynamics (MD) to screen PFAS binding to liver and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (L- and I-FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator activated nuclear receptors (PPAR-α, -δ and -γ) with six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs). Equilibrium dissociation constants, KDs, were experimentally determined via equilibrium dialysis (EqD) with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for protein-PFAS pairs. A comparison was made between KDs derived from EqD, both here and in literature, and other in vitro approaches (e.g., fluorescence) from literature. EqD indicated strong binding between PPAR-δ and perfluorobutanoate (0.044 ± 0.013 µM) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (0.035 ± 0.0020 µM), and between PPAR-α and perfluorohexanoate (0.097 ± 0.070 µM). Unlike binding affinities for L-FABP, which increase with chain length, KDs for PPARs showed little chain length dependence by either MD simulation or EqD. Compared with other in vitro approaches, EqD-based KDs consistently indicated higher affinity across different proteins. This is the first study to report PPARs binding with short-chain PFAS with KDs in the sub-micromolar range.

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10

Liu, Wei, Hui Qin, Jingwen Li, Qian Zhang, Huanhuan Zhang, Zaoshi Wang, and Xin He. "Atmospheric chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate and ionic perfluoroalkyl acids in 2006 to 2014 in Dalian, China." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 10 (April 21, 2017): 2581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3810.

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11

Yan, Xue, Xitao Liu, Chengdu Qi, Dali Wang, and Chunye Lin. "Mechanochemical destruction of a chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B, a PFOS alternative) assisted by sodium persulfate." RSC Advances 5, no. 104 (2015): 85785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15337a.

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12

Zhao, Shiyi, Shanshan Liu, Fei Wang, Xingwen Lu, and Zhe Li. "Sorption behavior of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) on four kinds of nano-materials." Science of The Total Environment 757 (February 2021): 144064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144064.

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13

Sheng, Nan, Jinghua Wang, Yong Guo, Jianshe Wang, and Jiayin Dai. "Interactions of Perfluorooctanesulfonate and 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate with Human Serum Albumin: A Comparative Study." Chemical Research in Toxicology 33, no. 6 (May 19, 2020): 1478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00075.

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14

Shi, Guohui, Jinxing Wang, Hua Guo, Nan Sheng, Qianqian Cui, Yitao Pan, Yong Guo, Yan Sun, and Jiayin Dai. "Parental exposure to 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) induced transgenerational thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish." Science of The Total Environment 665 (May 2019): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.198.

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15

Shi, Guohui, Qianqian Cui, Yitao Pan, Nan Sheng, Sujie Sun, Yong Guo, and Jiayin Dai. "6:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate, a PFOS alternative, induces embryotoxicity and disrupts cardiac development in zebrafish embryos." Aquatic Toxicology 185 (April 2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.002.

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16

Wu, Yongmin, Yuhao Zou, Xiangmin Liu, Bei Wang, Rongfu Li, Yajun Liu, Zeyong Chi, Shijing Wu, and Mi Deng. "Rapid removal of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate from water by sludge-based biochar: Performance and mechanism." Journal of Water Process Engineering 69 (January 2025): 106794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106794.

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17

Liu, Wei, Jing Yang, Jingwen Li, Jiangyu Zhang, Jing Zhao, Dan Yu, Yukang Xu, Xin He, and Xin Zhang. "Toxicokinetics and persistent thyroid hormone disrupting effects of chronic developmental exposure to chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in Chinese rare minnow." Environmental Pollution 263 (August 2020): 114491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114491.

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18

Zhang, Jiaqi, Ziyu Xu, Xiangqi Deng, Quan Zhang, Yang Ruan, and Xiao-Ming Ji. "Deciphering behaviors of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (alternative-PFOS) on anammox processes: Nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial adaptability." Bioresource Technology 397 (April 2024): 130500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130500.

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19

Li, Chuanhai, Lidan Jiang, Yuan Jin, Donghui Zhang, Jing Chen, Yuan Qi, Rongrong Fan, et al. "Lipid metabolism disorders effects of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate through Hsa-miRNA-532–3p/Acyl-CoA oxidase 1(ACOX1) pathway." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 228 (December 2021): 113011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113011.

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20

Zhou, Xiujuan, Jianshe Wang, Nan Sheng, Ruina Cui, Yiqun Deng, and Jiayin Dai. "Subchronic reproductive effects of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES), an alternative to PFOS, on adult male mice." Journal of Hazardous Materials 358 (September 2018): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.004.

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21

Zhang, Hongxia, Xiujuan Zhou, Nan Sheng, Ruina Cui, Qianqian Cui, Hua Guo, Yong Guo, Yan Sun, and Jiayin Dai. "Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Effects of 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), a Novel Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) Alternative, on Adult Male Mice." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 21 (September 26, 2018): 12809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04368.

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22

Rhee, Jongeun, Jani Koponen, Joshua N. Sampson, Alexander P. Keil, Mary H. Ward, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Wen-Yi Huang, Debra T. Silverman, Panu Rantakokko, and Mark P. Purdue. "Abstract 840: Serum concentrations of per- and polyfluorinated substances and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-840.

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Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants, some immunotoxic, that are detectable in the serum of most U.S. adults. Some studies of highly-exposed individuals have suggested positive associations between PFAS and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); however, it is unknown whether associations exist at lower exposure levels that are more common in the general population. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a nested case-control study investigating serum PFAS concentrations and NHL within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. We measured pre-diagnostic serum concentrations (collected between 1993-2001) of five PFAS among 706 cases and 706 controls individually matched on the basis of age at baseline, sex, self-reported race and ethnicity, study center, calendar year of blood collection, and number of prior serum thaws. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PFAS concentrations in relation to NHL, both overall and for selected histologic subtypes [diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL)] using conditional logistic regression. We found no evidence of a positive association with NHL for any of the five PFAS in analyses adjusting for all measured PFAS. In analyses of histologic subtypes, we observed a positive association between perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and DLBCL (OR per doubling in concentration=1.27, 95% CI=1.07, 1.50) which remained for cases diagnosed ≥10 years after blood collection (OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.09, 1.64). We also observed inverse associations with PFNA for all subtypes (DLBCL, OR=0.84, 95% CI=0.72, 0.98; FL, OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.69, 1.08; LPL/MZL, OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.66, 1.12), although these associations were null among participants with blood drawn prior to 1997 (DLBCL: OR<1997=0.95, OR≥1997=0.67, Pinteraction=0.001; FL: OR<1997=1.01, OR≥1997=0.77, Pinteraction =0.08; LPL/MZL: OR<1997=1.26, OR≥1997=0.88, Pinteraction =0.03). In conclusion, our findings from a cohort study with PFAS serum concentrations comparable to that of the general population do not support an association with increased risk of NHL overall. The suggestive evidence of a positive association between PFHxS and DLBCL warrants further investigation. Citation Format: Jongeun Rhee, Jani Koponen, Joshua N. Sampson, Alexander P. Keil, Mary H. Ward, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Wen-Yi Huang, Debra T. Silverman, Panu Rantakokko, Mark P. Purdue. Serum concentrations of per- and polyfluorinated substances and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 840.

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23

Moretti, Simone, Silvia Castellini, Carolina Barola, Elisabetta Bucaletti, Chiara Petroselli, Roberta Selvaggi, Mara Galletti, David Cappelletti, and Roberta Galarini. "Determination of Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) in PM10 Samples: Analytical Method, Seasonal Trends, and Implications for Urban Air Quality in the City of Terni (Central Italy)." Separations 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2024): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11020042.

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A quantitative analytical method for PFAS determination in airborne particulate matter (PM) has been developed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), allowing for the determination of 33 compounds. The procedure was applied to ambient PM10 with limits of quantification for PFAS in the fg m−3 range. PM10 samples collected during a year-long campaign conducted in an urban site in Umbria (Central Italy) have been characterized for their PFAS content. Among the seven detected PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the most abundant compounds. Furthermore, this work allowed us to obtain the first seasonal trend of airborne PFASs in Central Italy. Seasonal trend analysis shows that PFAS concentration in the atmosphere peaks in summertime. A comparison with trends of other relevant primary and secondary air pollutants determined at the sampling site suggests a secondary nature of the observed PFAS, which are formed in the atmosphere directly from gaseous precursors and can contribute to worsen the urban air quality in summertime.

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24

Dickman, Rebecca A., and Diana S. Aga. "Efficient workflow for suspect screening analysis to characterize novel and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in biosolids." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 414, no. 15 (May 24, 2022): 4497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04088-2.

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AbstractLand application of treated sewage sludge (also known as biosolids) is considered a sustainable route of disposal because it reduces waste loading into landfills while improving soil health. However, this waste management practice can introduce contaminants from biosolids, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), into the environment. PFAS have been observed to be taken up by plants, accumulate in humans and animals, and have been linked to various negative health effects. There is limited information on the nature and amounts of PFAS introduced from biosolids that have undergone different treatment processes. Therefore, this study developed analytical techniques to improve the characterization of PFAS in complex biosolid samples. Different clean-up techniques were evaluated and applied to waste-activated sludge (WAS) and lime-stabilized primary solids (PS) prior to targeted analysis and suspect screening of biosolid samples. Using liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry, a workflow was developed to achieve parallel quantitative targeted analysis and qualitative suspect screening. This study found that concentrations of individual PFAS (27 targeted analytes) can range from 0.6 to 84.6 ng/g in WAS (average total PFAS = 241.4 ng/g) and from 1.6 to 33.8 ng/g in PS (average total PFAS = 72.1 ng/g). The suspect screening workflow identified seven additional PFAS in the biosolid samples, five of which have not been previously reported in environmental samples. Some of the newly identified compounds are a short-chain polyfluorinated carboxylate (a PFOS replacement), a diphosphate ester (a PFOA precursor), a possible transformation product of carboxylate PFAS, and an imidohydrazide which contains a sulfonate and benzene ring.

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25

Buekers, Jurgen, Ann Colles, Christa Cornelis, Bert Morrens, Eva Govarts, and Greet Schoeters. "Socio-Economic Status and Health: Evaluation of Human Biomonitored Chemical Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances across Status." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122818.

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Research on the environment, health, and well-being nexus (EHWB) is shifting from a silo toward a systemic approach that includes the socio-economic context. To disentangle further the complex interplay between the socio-exposome and internal chemical exposure, we performed a meta-analysis of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies with internal exposure data on per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and detailed information on risk factors, including descriptors of socio-economic status (SES) of the study population. PFASs are persistent in nature, and some have endocrine-disrupting properties. Individual studies have shown that HBM biomarker concentrations of PFASs generally increase with SES indicators, e.g., for income. Based on a meta-analysis (five studies) of the associations between PFASs and SES indicators, the magnitude of the association could be estimated. For the SES indicator income, changes in income were expressed by a factor change, which was corrected by the Gini coefficient to take into account the differences in income categories between studies, and the income range between countries. For the SES indicator education, we had to conclude that descriptors (<college, x years of study, etc.) differed too widely between studies to perform a meta-analysis. Therefore, the use of the uniform ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) is recommended in future studies. The meta-analysis showed that a higher income is associated with a higher internal exposure to PFASs (PFOS or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, PFOA or perfluorooctanoic acid, PFNA or perfluorononanoic acid, PFHxS or perfluorohexane sulfonate). This is opposite to the environmental justice hypothesis, referring to an inequitable distribution of detrimental environmental effects toward poor and minority communities by a practice or policy. With a doubling of the income, internal exposure increased on average by 10%–14%. Possible explanations for this difference are given, e.g., underlying differences in diet. However, other sources can also contribute, and the exact causes of SES-related differences in PFAS concentrations remain unclear. Studies are needed that include social descriptors together with lifestyle and dietary information as explanatory variables for internal chemical exposure levels. This will help clarify the underlying factors that link SES with inequity to environmental exposures, and will raise awareness and knowledge to strengthen the capacities of people and communities to advocate chemical exposure reduction in order to reduce this health inequity.

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26

Shi, Guohui, Qianqian Cui, Jinxing Wang, Hua Guo, Yitao Pan, Nan Sheng, Yong Guo, and Jiayin Dai. "Chronic exposure to 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate acid (F-53B) induced hepatotoxic effects in adult zebrafish and disrupted the PPAR signaling pathway in their offspring." Environmental Pollution 249 (June 2019): 550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.032.

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27

Junaid, Muhammad, Shulin Liu, Qiang Yue, and Jun Wang. "Exacerbated interfacial impacts of nanoplastics and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate by natural organic matter in adult zebrafish: Evidence through histopathology, gut microbiota, and transcriptomic analysis." Journal of Hazardous Materials 476 (September 2024): 135038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135038.

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28

Zhou, Xiujuan, Jianshe Wang, Nan Sheng, Ruina Cui, Yiqun Deng, and Jiayin Dai. "Corrigendum to “Subchronic reproductive effects of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFAES), an alternative to PFOS, on adult male mice” [J. Hazard. Mater. 358 (September) (2018) 256–264]." Journal of Hazardous Materials 365 (March 2019): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.085.

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29

Wackett, Lawrence P. "Strategies for the Biodegradation of Polyfluorinated Compounds." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081664.

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Many cite the strength of C–F bonds for the poor microbial biodegradability of polyfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs). However, commercial PFCs almost invariably contain more functionality than fluorine. The additional functionality provides a weak entry point for reactions that activate C–F bonds and lead to their eventual cleavage. This metabolic activation strategy is common in microbial biodegradation pathways and is observed with aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated compounds, phosphonates and many other compounds. Initial metabolic activation precedes critical bond breakage and assimilation of nutrients. A similar strategy with commercial PFCs proceeds via initial attack at the non-fluorinated functionalities: sulfonates, carboxylates, chlorines, phenyl rings, or phosphonates. Metabolic transformation of these non-fluorinated groups can activate the C–F bonds, allowing more facile cleavage than a direct attack on the C–F bonds. Given that virtually all compounds denoted as “PFAS” are not perfluorinated and are not alkanes, it is posited here that considering their individual chemical classes is more useful for both chemical and microbiological considerations of their fate.

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30

Ruan, Ting, Yongfeng Lin, Thanh Wang, Runzeng Liu, and Guibin Jiang. "Identification of Novel Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates as PFOS Alternatives in Municipal Sewage Sludge in China." Environmental Science & Technology 49, no. 11 (May 21, 2015): 6519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01010.

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31

Talukder, Md Eman, Md Romon Talukder, Md Nahid Pervez, Hongchen Song, and Vincenzo Naddeo. "Bead-Containing Superhydrophobic Nanofiber Membrane for Membrane Distillation." Membranes 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14060120.

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This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing membrane distillation (MD) performance by developing bead-containing superhydrophobic sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) nanofibers with S-MWCNTs. By leveraging SPES’s inherent hydrophobicity and thermal stability, combined with a nanostructured fibrous configuration, we engineered beads designed to optimize the MD process for water purification applications. Here, oxidized hydrophobic S-MWCNTs were dispersed in a SPES solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% by weight. These bead membranes are fabricated using a novel electrospinning technique, followed by a post-treatment with the hydrophobic polyfluorinated grafting agent to augment nanofiber membrane surface properties, thereby achieving superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (WCA) of 145 ± 2° and a higher surface roughness of 512 nm. The enhanced membrane demonstrated a water flux of 87.3 Lm−2 h−1 and achieved nearly 99% salt rejection efficiency at room temperature, using a 3 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as the feed. The results highlight the potential of superhydrophobic SPES nanofiber beads in revolutionizing MD technology, offering a scalable, efficient, and robust membrane for salt rejection.

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32

Li, Chuan-Hai, Xiao-Min Ren, Ting Ruan, Lin-Ying Cao, Yan Xin, Liang-Hong Guo, and Guibin Jiang. "Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates Exhibit Higher Activity toward Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Signaling Pathways than Perfluorooctanesulfonate." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 5 (February 2018): 3232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06327.

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33

Sun, Xiaoyan, Lei Ding, Qingzhu Zhang, and Wenxing Wang. "Atmospheric oxidation mechanism of polyfluorinated sulfonamides — A quantum chemical and kinetic study." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 6 (June 2013): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0486.

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Polyfluorinated sulfonamides (FSAs, F(CF2)nSO2NR1R2) are present in the atmosphere and may serve as the source of perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, CF3(CF2)nCOO–) in remote locations through long-range atmospheric transport and oxidation. Density functional theory (DFT) molecular orbital theory calculations were carried out to investigate OH radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation of a series of sulfonamides, F(CF2)nSO2NR1R2 (n = 4, 6, 8). Geometry optimizations of the reactants as well as the intermediates, transition states, and products were performed at the MPWB1K level with the 6-31G+(d,p) basis set. Single-point energy calculations were carried out at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. The OH radical-initiated reaction mechanism is given and confirms that the OH addition to the sulfone double bond producing perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid directly cannot occur in the general atmosphere. Canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with small curvature tunneling (SCT) contribution was used to predict the rate constants. The overall rate constants were determined, k(T) (N-EtFBSA + OH) = (3.21 × 10−12) exp(–584.19/T), k(T) (N-EtFHxSA + OH) = (3.21 × 10−12) exp(–543.24/T), and k(T) (N-EtFOSA + OH) = (2.17 × 10−12) exp(–504.96/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, over the possible atmospheric temperature range of 180–370 K, indicating that the length of the F(CF2)n group has no large effect on the reactivity of FSAs. Results show that the atmospheric lifetime of FSAs determined by OH radicals will be 20–40 days, which agrees well with the experimental values (20–50 days), 20 thus they may contribute to the burden of perfluorinated pollution in remote regions.

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Liu, Shiyang, Biao Jin, Hans Peter H. Arp, Wenwen Chen, Yi Liu, and Gan Zhang. "The Fate and Transport of Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates and Other PFAS through Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facilities in China." Environmental Science & Technology 56, no. 5 (February 8, 2022): 3002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04276.

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Eke, Joyner, Lillian Banks, M. Abdul Mottaleb, Andrew J. Morris, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Isabel C. Escobar. "Dual-Functional Phosphorene Nanocomposite Membranes for the Treatment of Perfluorinated Water: An Investigation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Removal via Filtration Combined with Ultraviolet Irradiation or Oxygenation." Membranes 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010018.

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Nanomaterials with tunable properties show promise because of their size-dependent electronic structure and controllable physical properties. The purpose of this research was to develop and validate environmentally safe nanomaterial-based approach for treatment of drinking water including removal and degradation of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFAS). PFAS are surfactant chemicals with broad uses that are now recognized as contaminants with a significant risk to human health. They are commonly used in household and industrial products. They are extremely persistent in the environment because they possess both hydrophobic fluorine-saturated carbon chains and hydrophilic functional groups, along with being oleophobic. Traditional drinking water treatment technologies are usually ineffective for the removal of PFAS from contaminated waters, because they are normally present in exiguous concentrations and have unique properties that make them persistent. Therefore, there is a critical need for safe and efficient remediation methods for PFAS, particularly in drinking water. The proposed novel approach has also a potential application for decreasing PFAS background levels in analytical systems. In this study, nanocomposite membranes composed of sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) and two-dimensional phosphorene were fabricated, and they obtained on average 99% rejection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) alongside with a 99% removal from the PFOA that accumulated on surface of the membrane. The removal of PFOA accumulated on the membrane surface achieved 99% after the membranes were treated with ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and liquid aerobic oxidation.

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Niu, Xi-Zhi, Leif Abrell, Reyes Sierra-Alvarez, Jim A. Field, and Jon Chorover. "Analysis of hydrophilic per- and polyfluorinated sulfonates including trifluoromethanesulfonate using solid phase extraction and mixed-mode liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 1664 (February 2022): 462817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462817.

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Pan, Yitao, Yingshuang Zhu, Tongzhang Zheng, Qianqian Cui, Stephen L. Buka, Bin Zhang, Yong Guo, et al. "Novel Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonates and Legacy Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Placental Transfer and Relationship with Serum Albumin and Glomerular Filtration Rate." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04590.

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Jin, Hangbiao, Shu Lin, Wei Dai, Lingfang Feng, Tao Li, Jianlin Lou, and Quan Zhang. "Exposure sources of perfluoroalkyl acids and influence of age and gender on concentrations of chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates in human serum from China." Environment International 138 (May 2020): 105651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105651.

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Gao, Dandan, Chunmiao Kong, Hongping Liao, Muhammad Junaid, Ting Pan, Xikun Chen, Qiuping Wang, Xu Wang, and Jun Wang. "Interactive effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates on the histomorphology, oxidative stress and gut microbiota in Hainan Medaka (Oryzias curvinotus)." Science of The Total Environment 880 (July 2023): 163307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163307.

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40

Kadlec, Sarah M., Will J. Backe, Russell J. Erickson, J. Russell Hockett, Sarah E. Howe, Ian Mundy, Edward Piasecki, Henry Sluka, Lauren K. Votava, and David R. Mount. "Sublethal Toxicity of 17 Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Diverse Structures to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutes." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, November 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5784.

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ABSTRACTSeven‐day sublethal toxicity tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus, to determine the effects of per‐ or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) of varying chain length within four classes: perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids (FTSAs). In general, toxicity increased with increasing chain length, but the slopes of these relationships varied markedly by species and chemical class. Toxicity of individual PFCAs was similar among species. Toxicity of PFSAs was similar to PFCAs for C. dubia and H. azteca, whereas PFSAs were much more toxic to C. dilutus, with median effect concentrations (EC50s) as low as 0.022 mg perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS]/L and 0.012 mg perfluorononane sulfonate [PFNS]/L. Despite the high sensitivity to PFOS and PFNS, C. dilutus was not very sensitive to structurally similar fluorotelomer sulfonates (6:2 and 8:2). FASAs were the most toxic class tested among all species (e.g., EC50s of 0.011 and 0.017 mg perfluorooctane sulfonamide [FOSA] /L for C. dilutus and H. azteca respectively). The differences in toxicity among species and chemical classes suggest that mechanisms of PFAS toxicity may differ as a function of both.

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Tan, Zhenzhen, Junli Lv, Haoran Li, Ziwen An, Longfei Li, Yijia Ke, Yi Liu, et al. "Angiotoxic Effects of Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate, a Novel Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Substitute, in vivo and in vitro." Journal of Hazardous Materials, February 2024, 133919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133919.

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42

Ge, Yanhui, Zhan Wang, Xuelu Chen, Wen Wang, Zhenying Liu, Hongwen Sun, and Lianying Zhang. "Comparative Toxicological Effects of PFOS and its Alternative 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Ether Sulfonate on Earthworms." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, October 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5774.

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Abstract:High levels of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F‐53B), which is a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), are detected in various environmental matrices, wildlife and humans. F‐53B has received increased attention due to its potential risk to ecosystems. However, its toxicity in the soil organisms remains unclear. In this study, a comparative investigation was conducted on the toxicities of F‐53B and PFOS to the earthworm Eisenia. fetida. F‐53B was significantly more acutely toxic to earthworms than PFOS with LC50s of 1.43 and 1.83 mmol/kg dry soil (~816 and 984 mg/kg dry soil), respectively. Although both F‐53B and PFOS, at 0.4 mmol/kg dry soil (= 228 and 215 mg/kg dry soil) caused oxidative stress in earthworms, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, the stress caused by F‐53B was higher than that by PFOS. In the transcriptomic and metabolomic studies, negative effects of PFOS and F‐53B were observed on several metabolic processes in earthworms, including protein digestion and amino acid absorption, lipid metabolism, and the immune response. Compared to PFOS, F‐53B exhibited a weaker disruption of lipid metabolism, comparable potency for toxicity to the immune response, and a stronger potency in the extracellular matrix (ECM) destruction along with apoptosis and ferroptosis induction. Hence, our data suggest that F‐53B is more toxic than PFOS to earthworms. The findings provide some new insights into the potential toxicity of F‐53B to soil organisms.

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Wang, Luyao, Dan You, Haitao Xu, Wei Xie, Mengna Chen, Qinjie Chang, Hongyu Jiang, and Yajun Wang. "Associations of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in the blood of Amur tigers and physiological parameters." Wildlife Letters, January 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wll2.12027.

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AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were widely used in industrial production and have posed a certain threat to human and animal health. However, few studies have been made on Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica). In this study, we explored the associations between the concentrations of PFASs in the blood of 112 captive Amur tigers and the part physiological parameters to assess the cumulative effect of these chemicals on the health of the Amur tigers. The result showed that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl‐PFESA) have associations with white blood cells (WBCs); perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluoroundecanoic acid, per‐fluorotridecanoate, and 6:2 Cl‐PFESA have a bearing on the changes in red blood cells (RBCs), RBC volume distribution width, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. In our study, according to the three models, there were significant positive correlations between PFDA and leukocyte parameters (WBCs, neutrophils [NEUs]) and a significant adverse effect between 6:2 Cl‐PFESA and NEU. Therefore, more research concerning PFASs of endangered wildlife species is needed.

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Yang, Jing, Yumeng Chen, Haiyang Luan, Jingwen Li, and Wei Liu. "Persistent impairment of gonadal development in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) after chronic exposure to chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate." Aquatic Toxicology, July 2022, 106256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106256.

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Wang, Xianfeng, Yiman Zhao, Fang Li, Zelong Li, Junping Liang, Hui Li, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Man Zhang. "Impact of the novel chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate, F-53B, on gill structure and reproductive toxicity in zebrafish." Aquatic Toxicology, August 2024, 107072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107072.

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46

Liu, Shulin, Muhammad Junaid, Chong Wang, and Jun Wang. "Eco-corona enhanced the interactive effects of nanoplastics and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate in zebrafish embryos." Science of The Total Environment, September 2024, 176223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176223.

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47

Nian, Min, Wei Zhou, Yan Feng, Yan Wang, Qian Chen, and Jun Zhang. "Emerging and legacy PFAS and cytokine homeostasis in women of childbearing age." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (April 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10501-8.

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AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread chemicals. Legacy PFAS have been phased out of production in most developed countries and emerging PFAS (short-chain PFAS and polyfluorinated compounds) are used as legacy PFAS alternatives. The effect of legacy and emerging PFAS on cytokine homeostasis in human remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between legacy and emerging PFAS and cytokine profiles, and identify the main contributors to the disturbance of cytokine homeostasis. We quantified 21 PFAS in 198 Chinese women of childbearing age from 2015 to 2016. 13 cytokines were measured using the Meso Scale Discovery U-PLEX and V-PLEX platforms. The associations between PFAS exposure and cytokine levels were assessed using multiple linear regression (single-exposure), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models (PFAS mixture exposure). In single PFAS models, legacy and alternative PFAS were positively associated with Th1 and Treg cytokines, and negatively associated with Th2 and Th17 cytokines. For instance, each ln-unit increase in 6:2 chlorinated perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was associated with a decrease in IL-10 by − 0.228 (95% CI: − 0.336, − 0.120), − 0.153 (95% CI: − 0.277, − 0.030), and − 0.174 (95% CI: − 0.339, − 0.010), respectively. The BKMR model showed a significantly positive association of PFAS mixture with TGF-β and a negative association with IL-10. Overall, these results indicate that both legacy and emerging PFAS may affect the homeostasis of cytokines.

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Sun, Qiongping, Yonglong Xiong, Ran Bi, Xinyi Zhan, Yueyao Fan, Chuanghong Su, Zhenwei Chen, Zhao Zheng, Jieyi Diao, and Tieyu Wang. "Occurrence, Profile, and Potential Risks of Novel and Legacy Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bullfrogs: Pilot Study in an Intensive Aquaculture Region, China." Frontiers in Environmental Science 9 (November 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.786297.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have captured worldwide attention due to their persistent and bioaccumulative characteristics. The bullfrog is a highly nutritious and edible aquatic product, but the PFAS accumulation characteristics of bullfrogs had not been paid attention. The present study analyzed the PFAS concentrations in different tissues of cultured bullfrogs and relevant water and sediments collected from the aquaculture region in the coastal area of South China. Results showed that total PFAS concentrations were 50.26–364.25 ng/L in water, with a mean of 135.58 ng/L; concentrations in effluent water were significantly higher than those in influent water, which means bullfrog farming could increase contaminants into the surroundings. The total PFAS concentrations varied from 2.89 to 162.26 ng/g·dw in sediment. The distribution profile of PFASs in sediment was similar to that of water, with short chain playing a significant role. Total PFASs in bullfrog tissues were 3.36–84.07 ng/g·dw, with the highest values in the digestive system (intestines and stomach). As for one novel PFAS alternative, chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) was found at high detectable levels in all habitat samples and had a higher value of logarithmic bioaccumulation factors. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) for residents in the study area was generally higher than that in other regions; however, the hazard ratios (HRs) for most detected PFASs were far below the safety threshold value “1.” These results suggest that frequent consumption of these bullfrogs would basically not cause severe health effects on local residents in terms of PFASs.

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Zhao, Yun, Hangbiao Jin, Jianli Qu, Sunzhao Zhang, Shilei Hu, Jing Xue, and Meirong Zhao. "The influences of perfluoroalkyl substances on the rheumatoid arthritis clinic." BMC Immunology 23, no. 1 (March 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12865-022-00483-7.

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Abstract Background The effect of environmental factors on genetically susceptible individuals is a basic link in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic fluorine chemicals, which have been mass-produced and widely used in the past 60 years, and also have been shown to be one of the major pollutants affecting human health. The impact of fluoride on the development of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is unclear. This study explored the relationship between common fluoride and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Results A cohort of 155 patients with RA and 145 health controls in Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were investigated. Serum concentrations of all fluoride detected were higher in RA patients than in healthy controls. There were 43 male patients and 112 female patients in the RA cohort. Some of perfluoroalkyl substances (perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorotrdecanoate (PFTrA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)) were correlated negatively with the Body Mass Index (BMI); some of them (PFOA, PFNA, PFTrA, PFOS, 8:2 Chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (8:2Cl-PFESA)) were correlated positively with the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28); two (PFOA, PFOS) of them were correlated positively with the white blood cell count, and one (Perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA)) of them was correlated negatively with the hemoglobin; two (Perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), PFUnA) of them were correlated negatively with the presence of interstitial lung disease. Conclusion These data suggest that exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may promote the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis and the visceral lesions.

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Khalid, Nejumal Kannankeril, Maud Le Calvez, Mélanie Lemire, Quoc Tuc Dinh, Justine Fontaine, Stéphane Lair, and Sébastien Sauvé. "Occurrence of 80 per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in muscle and liver tissues of marine mammals of the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf, Quebec, Canada." Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry 5 (July 4, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvc.2024.1403728.

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Limited data are available for the occurrence of more recent per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in marine mammals, especially from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf. This study investigates the occurrence of PFAS in liver and muscle tissues of various marine mammals, including the harbor seal, gray seal, harp seal, hooded seal, harbor porpoise, white-sided dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, and True’s beaked whale. Among the 80 target PFAS (including PFCAs, PFSAs, Cyclic PFSA, FASAs/FASAAs, FTCAs/FTUCAs, FTSAs, Ether-PFAS, diPAPs, and ESI + ECF precursors) perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS) dominates in all the marine mammal species and several other long-chain PFCAs, such as PFNA, PFDA, PFUnA, PFTrDA, and PFHxDA, were detected at 100% frequency in both muscle and liver samples. PFDoA and 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 acid) also showed a 100% detection frequency for liver samples. Harp seal tissues displayed notably low PFAS concentrations, with average total PFAS concentrations of 7 ng/g (ww: wet weight) in muscle and 44 ng/g (ww) in the liver. In contrast, the white-sided dolphin exhibited the highest average concentrations, reaching 39 ng/g (ww) in muscle and 334 ng/g (ww) in liver samples. The Pearson correlation analysis reveals a strong correlation between the concentration of PFOS, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), and electrochemical fluorination (ECF) precursors. Species at the top of the marine food chain (harbor porpoise, white sided dolphin, and white beaked dolphin) presented the highest concentrations of PFAS, particularly PFOS and long-chain PFCAs, highlighting the need for an increased regulation of these persistent molecules in order to protect marine mammal’s health.

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