Journal articles: 'Polyethylene terephthalate'

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Cho, Minjeong, Jeongin Yang, Seunghyun Noh, Hongjae Joe, and Myungwan Han. "Production of PBT(polybutylene terephthalate) Oligomer from Recycled PET(polyethylene terephthalate)." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 54, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2016.54.4.437.

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Subramanian, P. M. "Polyethylene Terephthalate Blends." International Polymer Processing 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1988-0002.

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Abstract Polymer-Polymer blends containing ethylene-methacrylic copolymers (EMAA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (where PET is the minor component) have been investigated. The permeability properties and the morphology of these blends, when the polyolefin phase is mildly crosslinked with small amounts of an agent that preferentially crosslinks the ethylene copolymer was also studied. The permeability barrier properties of such polymer blends increase as the concentration of the crosslinking agents increase until excessive crosslinking takes place. The morphology of the blends – the size of the dispersed particles – change significantly as more coupling agents are used. These techniques afford us a novel technique to improve the permeability barrier properties by control of the particle size of the barrier polymer.

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Albini, Giulia, Valentina Brunella, Bartolomeo Placenza, Brunetto Martorana, and Vito Guido Lambertini. "Comparative study of mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibres for automobile seat cover application." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (December 18, 2018): 992–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717750887.

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Polyethylene terephthalate is a thermoplastic polymer with a wide range of uses, including synthetic fibres and containers for beverages and other liquids. Recycling plastics reduces the amount of energy and natural resources needed to create virgin plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate containers and bottles are collected and then broken down into small flakes used to produce new products such as textile fibres. Thermo-mechanical degradation may happen during the recycling process and presence of contaminants affects the final product characteristics. Two kinds of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibres were used for fabrics production: post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fibres and a blend of post-consumer and post-industrial polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Focusing on knitted and flat-woven textile structures, main mechanical properties of the fabrics were assessed by various tests, like tensile strength test and wear resistance test. A comparative study with the current production of virgin polyethylene terephthalate fabrics was useful to evaluate high standards accordance for automotive field. Both knitted and flat-woven recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had excellent performance after mechanical tests. Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had the best results, especially after wear resistance test. These results allow an evaluation of their applications.

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Cai, Jiangyu, Chengchong Ai, Jun Chen, and Shiyi Chen. "Biomineralizaion of hydroxyapatite on polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments promotes graft-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An in vitro and in vivo study." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 35, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328220921530.

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The purpose of the present study is to modify the polyethylene terephthalate ligament with hydroxyapatite via biomineralization and to investigate its effect on graft-bone healing. After biomineralization of hydroxyapatite, the surface characterization of polyethylene terephthalate ligament was examined by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and water contact angle measurements. The compatibility and osteoinduction, along with the underlying signaling pathway involved of hydroxyapatite-polyethylene terephthalate ligament, were evaluated in vitro. Moreover, a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model was established, and the polyethylene terephthalate or hydroxyapatite-polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament was implanted into the knee. The micro-computed tomography analysis, histological, and immunohistochemical examination as well as biomechanical test were performed to investigate the effect of hydroxyapatite coating in vivo. The results of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction showed that the hydroxyapatite was successfully deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate ligament. Water contact angle of the hydroxyapatite-polyethylene terephthalate group was significantly smaller than that of the polyethylene terephthalate group. The in vitro study showed that hydroxyapatite coating significantly improved adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The osteogenic differentiation of cells was also enhanced through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway. The micro-computed tomography, histological, and immunohistochemical results showed that biomineralization of hydroxyapatite significantly promoted new bone and fibrocartilage tissue formation at 12 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, the failure load and stiffness in the hydroxyapatite-polyethylene terephthalate group were higher than that in the polyethylene terephthalate group. Therefore, biomineralizaion of hydroxyapatite enhances the biocompatibility and osseointegration of the polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligament, thus promoting graft-bone healing for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway.

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Choi, Yeon Joo, and Seong Hun Kim. "Characterization of recycled polyethylene terephthalates and polyethylene terephthalate–nylon6 blend knitted fabrics." Textile Research Journal 85, no. 4 (September 9, 2014): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514547207.

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Belov, D. V., and S. N. Belyaev. "Prospects for recycling plastic waste based on polyethylene glycol terephthalate using living systems (a review)." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-2-238-253.

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In recent years, the biodegradation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate has become an important direction in solving the problem of environmental pollution with plastic waste. This review generalizes the latest data on various microorganisms capable of biodegrading polyethylene glycol terephthalate. The mechanisms of enzymatic reactions of polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolysis and the structure of biodegradation enzymes are elucidated. Challenges to the industrial implementation of polyethylene glycol terephthalate biodegradation are considered along with proposals on the promotion of appropriate waste disposal technologies. Biodegradation comprises a promising method for the environmentally friendly and efficient disposal of waste plastics. So far, no commercial biodegradation technologies for recycling polyethylene glycol terephthalate have been developed. This area is attracting increased research attention, which is expected to result in the appearance of cost-effective and high-tech biodegradation processes. Future advances are likely to be based on synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies capable of constructing artificial microbial consortia and modifying microbial polyethylene glycol terephthalate hydrolases aimed at a more complete biodegradation and bioconversion of polyethylene glycol terephthalate and other complex polymers.

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Gao, Shi-Hui, Yi-Tong Han, Fei-Xia Li, Jun Yan, Yan-Hua Lu, and Huan-Da Zheng. "Structure and properties of polyethylene terephthalate treated by supercritical CO2." Thermal Science 22, no. 4 (2018): 1645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1804645g.

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Structure and properties of polyethylene terephthalate were characterized by SAM, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis to evaluate the effect of supercritical CO2 on the structural behavior. The dynamic shrinking behavior of polyethylene terephthalate was analyzed using the Kelvin-Voigt model. The results indicated that uneven and significantly different surface of the polyethylene terephthalate fiber was displayed since the spinning oil and other additives added in spinning process were rinsed in super-critical CO2. The slight shifts for the characteristic bands of polyethylene terephthalate in Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were observed due to some re-arrangements and recrystallizations of the molecule chains after supercritical CO2 treatment. Simultaneously, the crystallinities and the fastest thermal decomposition temperatures of polyethylene terephthalate were improved slightly from 80?C to 120?C in supercritical CO2. Furthermore, the shrinkage of the treated polyethylene terephthalate samples was increased gradually from 2.73% to 3.35% with the temperature raising.

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You, Fei, Feng Yang, and Min Ren. "Composition Identification of Typical Decorative Textiles in Tibetan Historical Buildings by Burning Test and Projection Microscope Test." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.515.

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To prevent decorative textiles from fires, forty seven fabrics sampled from the Potala Palace were first identified by burning and optical projection microscope tests. The main component fibers were figured out to be cellulose fiber (viscose, most much used), synthetic fibers (polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide and polypropylene, secondly much used) and protein fibers (silk and wool, a little used). The five warp and weft blending forms were found to be: Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polyethylene Terephthalate, (Polyamide or Polyethylene Terephthalate or Silk or Viscose or Wool) and Viscose, Viscose and Silk, (Polyethylene Terephthalate or Polyamide) and Polypropylene, Viscose and Polyamide. Such identification work has been done academically for the first time, and it is important for the safe conservation of special Tibet historical buildings and internal cultural relics.

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Abdullah, Mahmood M. S., Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, and Ayman M. Atta. "Fabrication of New Demulsifiers Employing the Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and their Demulsification Efficiency for Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions." Molecules 26, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030589.

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Two novel amphiphilic polyethylene amine terephthalate have been prepared via the glycolsis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The product, bis (2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET), was converted to the corresponding dialkyl halide, bis(2-chloroethyl) terephthalate (BCET), using thionyl chloride (TC). This dialkyl compound was used for alkylation of dodecyl amine (DOA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to form the corresponding polyethylene amine terephthalate, i.e., DOAT and DOAP, respectively. Their chemical structure, surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were determined using different techniques. The efficiency of the prepared polyethylene amine terephthalate to demulsify water in heavy crude (W/O) emulsions was also determined and found to increase as their concentrations increased. Moreover, DOAT showed faster and higher efficiency, and cleaner separation than DOAP.

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Fang, Yinchun, Xinhua Liu, and Cuie Wang. "Layer-by-layer assembly flame-retardant and anti-dripping treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501987030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019870301.

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Layer-by-layer assembly is a simple and effective method which has been widely studied to improve the flame retardancy of textiles in recent years. In this article, flame-retardant and anti-dripping polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were successfully prepared by layer-by-layer assembly branched polyethylenimine and ammonium polyphosphate on their surface. The results of limiting oxygen index values and vertical burning test revealed that the flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics were improved after the layer-by-layer assembly treatment; especially, the dripping phenomenon was eliminated when the number of branched polyethylenimine/ammonium polyphosphate bilayers was over 10. The influence of alkali treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics before layer-by-layer assembly was also investigated. The results showed that alkali treatment of the polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote the combination of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics and the charged flame retardants indicating better flame retardancy. The results of thermogravimetric analysis revealed that layer-by-layer assembly treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote char formation both under the nitrogen atmosphere and under the air atmosphere which may act through condensed phase action. The scanning electron microscopy images of the char residues revealed that the layer-by-layer assembly treatment of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics would promote the formation of a compact and intact char residue, which was beneficial for the improvement of flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance. This research would provide the experimental basis for the effective flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of polyethylene terephthalate fabric.

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Latifa, Bouzid, Fouddad Fatma Zohra, and Hiadsi Said. "Study of Raw and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate by Meaning of TGA and Computer Simulation." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8865926.

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The pyrolysis method of both raw and recycled polyethylene terephthalate was studied using the nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different five heating rates (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 K/min) for each element. Without using any mathematical equations, the kinetic parameters of polyethylene terephthalate pyrolysis were obtained by applying the modified distributed activation energy model (DAEM). Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polyethylene terephthalate was simulated using the computer simulation with different methods. The effect of energy in the Tg process was enhanced. The mechanical properties of polyethylene terephthalate were computed. Our simulated values were compared with available data in literature.

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Oral, Mehmet A., Osman G. Ersoy, and Ersin İ. Serhatli. "Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends on dimensional stability, morphological, physical and mechanical properties and after aging at elevated temperature." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 394–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918768348.

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A melt blending method was used to prepare acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer and polyethylene terephthalate blends to develop a new blend which can withstand higher temperatures required especially for automotive or home appliance paint curing processes. Blends were characterized by rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Dimensional stability at 125°C was used to correlate with injection molded part shrinkage. The melt viscosity–composition curves for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends exhibited a trend like the rule of mixtures in which adding acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene to polyethylene terephthalate improved the processability. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed different morphologies depending on the composition such as dispersed, co-continuous and phase inverted, which indicated that the binary blends were immiscible and form a two-phase structure. Tensile properties increased with an increase in the polyethylene terephthalate content while the unnotched impact strength reached a maximum at 40 wt.% acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene content. In differential scanning calorimetry analysis, no partial miscibility was observed from the polyethylene terephthalate phase melting temperature shifts as compared to those of the neat component. Also, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene phases acted as nucleating agents due to change in polyethylene terephthalate cold crystallization temperature. In applied post shrinkage measurements by heat aging, we saw that the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dimensional stability was improved with added polyethylene terephthalate.

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Lipkin, Mikhail. "RECYCLING OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 4 (December 2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/1560-3644-2020-4-68-71.

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Jaramillo, H. Y., J. A. Gómez-Camperos, and N. Quintero-Quintero. "Determination of the physical-mechanical properties of a permeable block." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2139, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2139/1/012016.

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Abstract This study aims to analyze the influence of the incorporation of crushed polyethylene terephthalate as a substitute for fine aggregate in percentages of 10%, 15%, and 20% for the elaboration of concrete blocks. The methodology used is experimental quantitative approach, where the influence of the addition of crushed polyethylene terephthalate as a substitute for fine aggregate for the elaboration of concrete blocks was analyzed to identify the variation in the physical and mechanical properties of samples elaborated under different substitutions and in this way compare with the Colombian standard procedures. The results found in this study indicated that the blocks with the different percentages of polyethylene terephthalate presented a good resistance compared to the block without polyethylene terephthalate, which presented a resistance of 8 MPa. The blocks with polyethylene terephthalate at 10%, 15%, and 20% presented an average resistance of 6.36 MPa, 3.58 MPa, and 4.63 MPa, respectively. Finally, it was analyzed that the blocks with 10% aggregate are waterproof with normal density. In comparison, the blocks with 15% and 20% polyethylene terephthalate have high permeability, with the ability to drain 1 liter of water in 105 s and 38 s, respectively.

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Berger, W., U. Ludwig, W. Hauffe, and F. E. Karasz. "Cold drawing of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene films." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34, no. 3 (August 20, 1987): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340305.

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Goodlaxson, Bradley, Greg Curtzwiler, and Keith Vorst. "Evaluation of methods for determining heavy metal content in polyethylene terephthalate food packaging." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 2 (May 5, 2017): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087917707336.

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Increased consumer awareness of heavy metal content in virgin and post-consumer recycled polymers for direct food-contact packaging has necessitated developing analytical methods that identify and quantify heavy metals. Two common acid digestion methods incompletely digest polyethylene terephthalate samples and, thus, additional methods are required to properly analyze polyethylene terephthalate. This study developed two modified microwave-assisted acid digestion methods resulting in complete polyethylene terephthalate digestion, which subsequently produced visually clear solutions. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry analysis of the completely digested polyethylene terephthalate resulted in heavy metal concentrations statistically higher for lead and antimony than for the methods that did not completely digest the polyethylene terephthalate polymer. This study indicates that previously published research results might have unintentionally created bias toward lower heavy metal contamination in polymers used for food packaging. This is of concern when considering end-of-life disposal for food packaging with regulatory threshold levels for specific and total heavy metal content.

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Yahya, Yusrizal, Desriantomy ., and Robby . "KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL CAMPURAN HOT ROLLED SHEET WEARING COURSE MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN TAMBAH PLASTIK BEKAS JENIS POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE." Jurnal Transportasi 19, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jt.v19i3.3670.179-186.

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Abstract This study was conducted to determine the benefits of the use of polyethylene terephthalate used plastic as additives in hot asphalt mixture Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course. Marshall testing was carried out on specimens using polyethylene terephthalate plastic additives, with variations in the ingredients added 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% to the weight of asphalt on specimens with Optimum Asphalt Content. Marshall parameters of test specimens generally meet the existing specifications, except the Void In Mixture value for specimens with plastic content of 8% and 10%. The optimum plastic content obtained from this study is 7.80%. Keywords: asphalt mixture, hot rolled sheet, Marshall parameters, polyethylene terephthalate Abstrak Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui manfaat penggunaan plastik bekas jenis Polyethylene Terephthalate sebagai bahan tambah pada campuran beraspal panas jenis Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course. Pengujian Marshall dilakukan terhadap benda-benda uji yang menggunakan bahan tambah plastik jenis Polyethylene Terephthalate, dengan variasi bahan tambah 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, dan 10% terhadap berat aspal pada benda uji dengan Kadar Aspal Optimum. Parameter Marshall benda-benda uji umumnya memenuhi spesifikasi yang ada, kecuali nilai Void In Mixture untuk benda-benda uji dengan kadar plastik 8% dan 10%. Kadar plastik optimum yang diperoleh dari studi ini adalah 7,80%. Kata-kata kunci: campuran beraspal, hot rolled sheet, parameter Marshall, polyethylene terephthalate

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Abbas, Ammar S. "Alkaline Depolymerization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.22.1.01.

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Depolymerization reaction is considered one of the most significant ways of converting waste polyethylene terephthalate in to terephthalic acid. The water polyethylene terephthalate bottle waste was collected from different places in Baghdad. The collection step shows that there is plenty amount of polyethylene terephthalate suitable to be an important source of terephthalic acid production.PET plastic waste conversion to terephthalic acid by depolymerization process was examined. The effect of ethylene glycol amount, reaction time (up to 90 minutes) and reaction temperature (from 70 to 170° C) on the polyethylene terephthalate conversion was obtained.The kinetic study shows that the ordination of the depolymerization reaction of PET is first order irreversible reaction with 31103.5 J/mole activation energy.A 97.9 % terephthalic acid purity has been obtained by purification with N, N-dimethylformamide.

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Aman, M. Y., M. N. M. Taher, Z. Shahadan, M. M. Rohani, and D. B. Daniel. "Investigating the Properties of Asphalt Mixes Containing Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012039.

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Abstract A large volume of traffic loading on asphalt pavement at high temperature frequently resulted in pavement deterioration due to reduction in strength and loss of structural integrity. This paper presents the effects of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fiber used in the ranges of 1.18 mm to 2.36 mm prepared for 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% by the weight of mineral aggregates. Conventional bitumen 60/70 penetration grade was used as the base binder. The compacted specimens were tested for dynamic creep, resilient modulus and resistance to rutting. It was found that the creep stiffness specimens prepared with 0.5% recycled polyethylene terephthalate fiber tested at 1800 and 3600 load cycles has increased by 11.7% and 23.8%, moreover permanent deformation has reduced by 8.7% and 8.4%, respectively. Furthermore, specimens containing 0.5% recycled polyethylene terephthalate fiber also has increased the resilient modulus by 10.0% and 55.1% while the rutting values decreased by 13.7% and 13.9%, correspondingly. Interestingly, specimens containing 0.5% recycled polyethylene terephthalate fiber exhibits higher mixes stiffness, low rutting and permanent deformation irrespective of test temperature. It can be concluded that specimen containing 0.5% recycled polyethylene terephthalate fiber contributes higher resistance to rutting, promotes better performance compared to conventional mix.

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Mukhiddinov, Bahodir, Lola Tilavova, and Shokhruh Juraev. "Development of compositions from waste of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate and research of their technological and thermal properties." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405005.

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The article presents the results of determining the melting point and the melt flow rate, Vicat heat resistance of a composition made of polypropylene waste from the study of polyethylene terephthalate. It has been established that with an increase in the content of polyethylene terephthalate, the melting point and heat resistance according to Vicat increase, and the melt flow rate of the compositions decreases. The Hildebrand solubility parameters and the packing density of macromolecules are calculated using the increment method. The thermal characteristics of the compositions were investigated by the derivatography method. Their decomposition onset temperature, decomposition rate, and the amount of energy consumed for the decomposition of polymers and polymer compositions were determined. It was revealed that the compositions of polyethylene terephthalate with secondary polypropylene are more thermostable than compositions of polyethylene terephthalate with primary polypropylene.

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Putisompon, Siraphat, Isti Yunita, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto, and Ekasith Somsook. "Low-Cost Catalyst for Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.225.

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A low-cost process for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was investigated in this work by the development of catalysts derived from food wastes for the glycolysis reaction of post-consumable waste of drinking bottles. Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) is obtained as a product from the glycolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts derived from shells were used in this reaction. The yield of bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) was obtained and the purity of BHET was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.

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Kirshanov, K. A., A. Yu Gervald, R. V. Toms, and A. N. Lobanov. "Obtaining phthalate substituted post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate and its isothermal crystallization." Fine Chemical Technologies 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2022-17-2-164-171.

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Objects. Due to the polymer waste accumulation, the search for new directions for their utilization is urgent. Chemical recycling methods are of considerable interest, which allow one to obtain the original monomers or change the compositions of the copolymers. From the point of view of building a circular economy, a promising material is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the basis of which amorphous copolyesters can be obtained. The study aimed to analyze the simultaneous glycolysis and interchain exchange reactions of PET in the presence of the oligoethylene phthalate modifier with hydroxyl end groups and the study of isothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene phthalate-co-terephthalates) with different phthalate contents obtained in this way.Methods. Oligoethylene phthalate is synthesized by polycondensation. Poly(ethylene phthalateco-terephthalates) were obtained by the interaction of post-consumer PET with oligoethylene phthalate. The composition of the oligomer and copolymers was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal characteristics and crystallization half-times were determined by differential scanning calorimetry.Results. In this work, the use of the post-consumer PET chemical recycling process, aimed at obtaining copolyesters under the influence of small modifier amounts was proposed. The process consisted in carrying out the combined interchain exchange and degradation with a complex oligoester different from PET. Poly(ethylene phthalate-co-terephthalate) copolymers were obtained via reaction of post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) flakes and synthesized oligoethylene phthalate resin in the melt phase in the absence of catalyst. The effect of phthalate concentration in polymer on the isothermal crystallization of phthalate substituted poly(ethylene terephthalate) was estimated.Conclusions. The hypothesis about the possibility of using an oligoester modifier to obtain the PET-based copolymer at the high rate and without reducing the molecular weight to values characteristic of a monomer or oligomer has been confirmed. The process can be used to obtain random copolyesters based on post-consumer PET. The phthalate unit concentration increase is followed by decrease in the glass transition temperature, temperature and heat of fusion, and increase in crystallization half-times. Phthalate has a better ability to retard PET crystallization than 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol or furandicarboxylic acid, but is inferior to some of the other modifiers known.

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Fomina, Natalya, Vadim Khozin, Aleksandr Strakhov, and Artur Ismagilov. "Shredding of polyethylene terephthalate waste." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126301018.

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Methods of recycling polyethylene terephthalate waste are analyzed. Thermoplastic waste has great potential for mechanical recycling. Lack of information on the quality of recycled products and their applicability for specific purposes hinders their use. Shredding is a main process in mechanical recycling. Due to the viscoelastic properties, the cost of grinding polymer waste is several times higher than for most brittle mineral materials. Cutting and impact equipment is often used to shred plastic waste. To obtain micron-sized polymer particles, the technologies of cryogenic grinding and wet grinding in solvents are used, which is followed by high operating costs. The purpose of this work was to develop an economical method for producing fine powders from polyethylene terephthalate waste. The specific surface of the powders has been investigated. To investigate the destruction, differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used. The technology of secondary mechanical recycling is proposed: crushing, melting of waste, natural or water cooling of the melt, grinding on equipment typical for brittle materials. A dispersed product with a proportion of micronized fraction of about 50% was obtained for use as filler in composites. The resulting product is more degraded in comparison with the feedstock. Therefore, its use as binders is advisable in applications where a decrease in initial properties is permissible, in products with a long lifecycle, for example, in the production of building materials. The use of waste thermoplastic in applications other than the original one does not always reduce the value of the technology.

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Zakharov, D. B., T. N. Vakhtinskaya, S. V. Arenina, T. N. Prudskova, and T. I. Andreeva. "Processing of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate." International Polymer Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (August 2004): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0403100814.

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Dorogotovtsev, Valeriy M., Alexander A. Akunets, and Yuriy A. Merkuliev. "Hollow Microspheres from Polyethylene Terephthalate." Fusion Technology 31, no. 4 (July 1997): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst97-a30803.

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Shukla, S. R., and Ajay M. Harad. "Aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate waste." Polymer Degradation and Stability 91, no. 8 (August 2006): 1850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.11.005.

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Ravindranath, K., and R. A. Mashelkar. "Polyethylene terephthalate—II. Engineering analysis." Chemical Engineering Science 41, no. 12 (1986): 2969–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)85034-5.

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Oh, Sea-Cheon, Dong-Gyu Lee, Hyun Kwak, and Seong-Youl Bae. "COMBUSTION KINETICS OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE." Environmental Engineering Research 11, no. 5 (October 21, 2006): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2006.11.5.250.

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Morf, E., and W. Stibal. "Periodic fabrication of polyethylene terephthalate." Fibre Chemistry 26, no. 4 (1995): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00548381.

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Bodino, F., G. Baud, M. Benmalek, J. P. Besse, H. M. Dunlop, and M. Jacquet. "Alumina coating on polyethylene terephthalate." Thin Solid Films 241, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)90388-3.

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Yang, Zhuli, Fumei Wang, Fuwang Guan, Jin Luo, Qiu Yiping, and Chuyang Zhang. "Interfacial Structure of Polytrimethylene Terephthalate/Polyethylene Terephthalate Bicomponent Filament." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 30, no. 1(151) (February 28, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6465.

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The interfacial structure and binding forces of polytrimethylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate filament were investigated through the methods of Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. When two molten polymers met during the spinning process, an interface layer between the PTT and PET components formed and played an important role in binding the two components together. When the blending time was sufficient, an ester-interchange reaction took place with the generation of the copolymer. The PET recrystallisation was observed in the DSC curve under the influence of entangled PTT molecular chains. The morphology of the cross-section and side view proved that the linear boundary line was short and weaker in binding without a chemical bond and molecular diffusion. Side-by-side bi-component fiber and split-type fiber was able to be controllably spun by adjusting the spinning parameters.

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Lapkovskii, V. V., Yu A. Geller, and B. E. Geller. "Kinetics of drying polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate granulate." Fibre Chemistry 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10692-006-0029-9.

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Avramov, I., and N. Avramova. "Calorimetric study of polyethylene terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 30, no. 4 (December 1991): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222349108219481.

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Kiss, Imre, Andrei Mihai Baciu, Ilare Bordeasu, and Lavinia Madalina Micu. "Compressive Strength of Stripes and Flakes of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Added Concrete." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.1.5333.

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The wastes from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging can be turned into armatures for concrete used in the transports infrastructure (roads with rigid concrete structure, pedestrian and concrete pavements and borders), as well as in the construction of safety elements (support walls, bulwark foundations). This experimental research was meant to create dispersed reinforced concrete with armatures from polyethylene waste, originated from the recycling programmes of PET-type packaging. The experimental programme was aimed at constructing some samples of dispersed reinforced concrete from recycled material coming from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging wastes, their testing to the compressive strength and the comparison of results with the characteristics of the standardised samples of concrete (class C30/37). All the reinforcements used in this work to consolidate the dispersed reinforced concrete type were made from a mix of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages, of different types and characteristics, which are found daily in supermarkets and which then reach waste. The choice of a mix of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging was chosen in order to render the general recycling of these types of materials as good as possible.

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Liu, Zong-Hsin, Cheng-Teng Pan, and Ying-Chung Chen. "Zinc oxide/aluminum-based self-powering storage system fabricated using selectively direct-write ultraviolet-curable resin method." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 2 (September 21, 2012): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12457838.

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This article presents a flexible piezoelectric harvester based on a polyethylene terephthalate cantilever system to scavenge vibration energy. It comprises a low-voltage drop rectifying circuit and an electrolytic capacitor to store the induced voltage. The harvester was made in the form of a composite plate that consists of flexible aluminum/polyethylene terephthalate vibration plate, piezoelectric zinc oxide thin film, and selectively deposited ultraviolet-curable resin lump structures as proof mass, which were directly constructed on the rear side of the polyethylene terephthalate-based composite plate using electrospinning with a stereolithography technique. Aluminum was sputtered on the polyethylene terephthalate substrate as the bottom electrode because of superior adhesion with the polyethylene terephthalate and zinc oxide film, compared with indium tin oxide film. Finite element analysis simulations were used to analyze the operation frequency and output voltage of the piezoelectric composite plate. The experimental results show that the maximal open-circuit voltage was 2.4 V and the close-circuit voltage was 2.18 V, which is 0.56 µW/cm2. After rectification, a direct current voltage of 2 V across the capacitor can be achieved. The self-powered storage system can drive the warning signal of the light-emitting diode module in both resonant and nonresonant conditions.

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Lin, Jia Horng, Ya Lan Hsing, Wen Hao Hsing, Jin Mao Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluation of RFPET/TPET Hybrid Nonwoven Fabric." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1165.

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Heat energy plays a significant role in resources and industries, which makes the development of energy-saving and thermal retention materials important to environment protection. This study combines three-dimensional hollow Polyethylene Terephthalate (TPET) fibers, recycled far-infrared polyethylene terephthalate (RFPET) fibers, and low melting temperature polyethylene terephthalate (LPET) fibers at various ratios to make the RFPET/TPET hybrid nonwoven fabric. The tensile strength, tearing strength, air permeability, and far infrared emissivity of the fabrics are evaluated. With a blending ratio of 8:0:2, the hybrid nonwoven fabrics have the optimum tensile strength of 145 N, tear strength of 184 N, and air permeability of 205 cm3/cm2/s.

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Rezaei, Mohsen, Vasileios Karatzas, Christian Berggreen, and Leif A. Carlsson. "The effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties and failure modes of GFRP face sheets and PET foam cored sandwich beams." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 4 (June 19, 2018): 1235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218781995.

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The influence of elevated temperatures on stiffness and strength of composite face sheet and polyethylene terephthalate foam cored sandwich beam has been experimentally investigated. Standard test methods and analytical failure models were used to determine the effect of elevated temperatures. The authors examined E-glass/epoxy cross-ply face laminates, polyethylene terephthalate foam, and sandwich beams consisting of glass/epoxy face laminates and polyethylene terephthalate foam core loaded in four-point flexure. The tensile properties of the face laminate were examined over a temperature range from 25 to 175°C. Compression and shear tests on the face laminate, polyethylene terephthalate foam, and sandwich beams were performed at temperatures up to 100°C. The face laminates exhibited moderate reductions of Young’s modulus and tensile strength, while the compressive strength, shear modulus, and shear strength substantially decreased at elevated temperatures. Similarly, the compressive and shear moduli as well as the compressive strength of the polyethylene terephthalate foam decreased substantially by exposure to a temperature of 100°C. The failure mode of the sandwich panels was observed to be highly dependent on temperature, distinguishing three basic failure modes, viz. core shear failure, indentation failure, and face wrinkling. The failure loads associated to these failure modes were calculated using models available in the literature. The failure loads were found to be consistent with the failure predictions and failure modes.

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Bourland, Larry G. "Polyethylene terephthalate graft copolymers acting as an interfacial modifier in rubber modified polyethylene terephthalate compounds." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 31, no. 4 (April 30, 2015): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087915584978.

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Desai, Neil P., and Jeffrey A. Hubbell. "Biological responses to polyethylene oxide modified polyethylene terephthalate surfaces." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 25, no. 7 (July 1991): 829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820250704.

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Wang, Rui-yuan, Xiao-dong Chen, Qun-jie Xu, Yin-jie Wang, and Qiang Zhang. "Study on crystallization performance of polyethylene terephthalate/polybutylene terephthalate alloys." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 8 (October 1, 2014): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0106.

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Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a kind of high performance engineering plastic. However, the application of pure PET is subject to limitation because of its slow crystallization rate. In order to overcome this difficulty, thermoplastic resins are often added into PET matrix by a compounding technique. Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) possesses many advantages such as a high degree of crystallinity and rapid molding, thus, is very suitable to adjust the crystallization behaviors of PET. In this work, the crystallization behaviors of PET/PBT alloys were studied by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal platform polarizing microscope. The obtained results indicate that the content of PBT could tune the melting and crystallization behaviors of the alloy. The parameters of non-isothermal crystallization of the alloys for blends were analyzed by the Jeziorny and Kissinger methods. The non-isothermal crystallization process for PET, PBT and PET/PBT alloys fit the Jeziorny model well at the early stage, but there is a certain small deviation at the later stage, indicating that the nucleation mechanism of PET/PBT alloy is complicated. In addition, the crystallization rate accelerates with an increase in cooling rate. The alloys show the best crystallization performance when the content of PBT is 10 wt%, and their crystallization activation energy reaches up to -201.78 kJ/mol.

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Shukla, S. R., and Manisha R. Mathur. "Action of alkali on polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate polyesters." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 75, no. 9 (February 28, 2000): 1097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000228)75:9<1097::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-7.

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42

Merski, Jerome A., William D. Johnson, Miguel Muzzio, Nei-Long Lyang, and Charles L. Gaworski. "Oral Toxicity and Bacterial Mutagenicity Studies with a Spunbond Polyethylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymer Fabric." International Journal of Toxicology 27, no. 5 (September 2008): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810802408729.

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Spunbond, nonwoven fabrics consisting of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, which meet food contact requirements, may be used as pouch materials for products containing food and/or flavor ingredients that are held in the mouth. In these situations ingestion may occur, resulting in exposure to the fabric and potentially antimony, a catalyst used in polyethylene terephthalate. To assess potential adverse effects when such a material is ingested, a 13week dietary study in Sprague-Dawley CD rats and a Salmonella reverse mutation assay were conducted. Ground fabric was dosed at target concentrations of 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5% in the dietary study. Antimony trioxide in the polyethylene terephthalate was used to determine the test material concentration in the diet and was also assessed for bioavailability. Detectable levels of antimony were found in 2/20 blood samples of control rats, and in 20/20 high-dose group rats. No toxicologically relevant treatment related effects were observed in any of end points evaluated in the feeding study. In the mutagenicity assay, ground fabric was extracted in phosphate buffered saline or dimethysulfoxide and tested in Salmonella strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537 with and without S9 activation. No mutagenic response was observed at any dose level tested. These results demonstrate that repeated daily ingestion of a spunbond, nonwoven polymer fabric consisting of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate for up to 13 weeks is well tolerated in rats, with no apparent target-organ toxicity at dietary levels up to 5%, and that fabric extracts are not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay.

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Suram, Raju, T. Srinivas, and Vegiraju Naresh kumar Varma. "Plastic as substituent material for fine aggregate in concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901132.

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The Plastic is a part of our lives due to its daily usage. So, the consumption of plastic is increasing every year. The decomposition of plastic takes more than thousand years because of its non-biodegradable nature. The plastic harms the society and surrounding environment in all aspects. So, the best way to control the pollution posed by the plastic is recycling. The exponential growth in construction industry, the demand for natural aggregates increases but leads to depletion of natural resources. To overcome this issue plastic used as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The majority of the waste coming from the plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and food containers (Polypropylene). So, the recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene used as a fine aggregate in concrete with percentages of 5%,10%,15%. This paper objective is to assess the effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polypropylene on compressive strength and workability. The workability and compressive strength of PET and PP have given good results up to10%and 5%. It has been observed from the test results that 5% and 10% is optimum for Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)as fine aggregate in concrete respectively.

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Baran, Ismet, and Wouter Weijermars. "Residual bending behaviour of sandwich composites after impact." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 402–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218757164.

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This work investigates the residual mechanical behaviour of composite sandwich panels in bending after impact loading conditions. The sandwich panels were made of an epoxy/glass face sheet with three different core materials: styrene acrylonitrile foam, polyethylene terephthalate foam and Balsa wood. A three-point bending test was performed in order to determine the reference stiffness. A low-velocity impact test and thereafter the three-point bending test were performed with the same specimens. The failure modes during bending tests were captured using a high-speed camera. It was found that multiple shear cracks with progressive failure were present in the core of styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels in bending after impact tests, whereas single shear crack with sudden failure was the case for Balsa panels. The initial bending stiffness decreased approximately 30.5, 35.2 and 55.6% for Balsa, styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels, respectively, in bending after impact tests due to the influence of the pre-damage from the low-velocity impact tests. The reduction in collapse force was also quantified for Balsa, styrene acrylonitrile and polyethylene terephthalate panels as 22.8, 4.9 and 22.1%, respectively.

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Zhang, Zisheng, Bo Sun, Jie Yang, Yusheng Wei, and Shoujie He. "Electrostatic separation for recycling silver, silicon and polyethylene terephthalate from waste photovoltaic cells." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 11 (April 20, 2017): 1750087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917500877.

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Electrostatic separation technology has been proven to be an effective and environmentally friendly way of recycling electronic waste. In this study, this technology was applied to recycle waste solar panels. Mixed particles of silver and polyethylene terephthalate, silicon and polyethylene terephthalate, and silver and silicon were separated with a single-roll-type electrostatic separator. The influence of high voltage level, roll speed, radial position corona electrode and angular position of the corona electrode on the separation efficiency was studied. The experimental data showed that separation of silver/polyethylene terephthalate and silicon/polyethylene terephthalate needed a higher voltage level, while separation of silver and silicon needed a smaller angular position for the corona electrode and a higher roll speed. The change of the high voltage level, roll speed, radial position of the corona electrode, and angular position of the corona electrode has more influence on silicon separation efficiency than silver separation efficiency. An integrated process is proposed using a two-roll-type corona separator for multistage separation of a mixture of these three materials. The separation efficiency for silver and silicon were found to reach 96% and 98%, respectively.

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Cosnita, Mihaela, Cristina Cazan, and Anca Duta. "Effect of waste polyethylene terephthalate content on the durability and mechanical properties of composites with tire rubber matrix." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316645850.

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The paper investigates new composites fully based on wastes of polyethylene terephthalate, rubber, high-density polyethylene, and wood, aiming at multifunctional, environmental-friendly materials, for indoor and outdoor applications. The rubber: polyethylene terephthalate: high-density polyethylene: wood ratio and compression molding temperatures are optimized considering the output mechanical properties, focusing on increasing the waste polyethylene terephthalate content. To investigate the durability in the working conditions, the water-stable composites, with good tensile and compression strengths were exposed to surfactant systems, saline aerosols, and ultraviolet radiations. The results prove that surfactant immersion improves the interfaces and the mechanical properties and a pre-conditioning step involving the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant is recommended, prior application. The interfaces and the bulk composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, to identify the properties that influence the mechanical behavior and durability. The composites containing 30% of polyethylene terephthalate, obtained at 160℃ and 190℃ have a good combination of mechanical properties and durability that is enhanced by the plasticizing effect of water and surfactants. The compressive strength of the composite processed at 190℃ was 51.2 MPa and the value increased to 58.4 MPa after water immersion. The ultraviolet and saline exposure slightly diminished this effect; however, long time testing (120 h) ended up with values higher than those corresponding to the pristine composite: 55.3 MPa after ultraviolet and 57.1 MPa after saline exposure.

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Holczmann, Philipp, Wolfgang Lederer, Markus Isser, Andreas Klinger, Simone Jürschik, Helmut Wiesenhofer, Chris A. Mayhew, and Veronika Ruzsanyi. "Adsorption Capacity of Plastic Foils Suitable for Barrier Resuscitation." Coatings 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101545.

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Chest compressions and ventilation attempts can generate aerosols during resuscitation. It is important to determine whether different materials suitable for the blanketing of cardiac arrest patients can diminish exposure to aerosols. In this study, three volatile organic compounds, ethanol, acetone, and isoprene, commonly found in human breath in moistened air, acted as substitutes for aerosols. Here, we present information on the adsorption of these volatiles to three blanketing materials: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and aluminum coated polyethylene terephthalate. After exposure to the surfaces of these materials the test volatiles were quantified by the proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry. There was a trend towards a potentially higher reduction for acetone (p = 0.071) and isoprene (p = 0.050) on polyethylene, compared to polyvinyl chloride and aluminum coated polyethylene terephthalate during the rise interval. Adsorption capacity did not differ between the foils and was between 67% and 70%. From our studies, we propose that the aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate surface of space blankets prove adequate to diminish exposure to volatiles in moistened air, and hence to aerosols.

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Sulyman, M., J. Haponiuk, and K. Formela. "Utilization of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) in Engineering Materials: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 7, no. 2 (2016): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.749.

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El-Gendy, Naima, and Abdel-Mohty A. "POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE HYDROLYSIS BY γ- RADIATION." International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering 5, no. 6 (May 1, 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iccee.2010.37359.

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Tiso, Till, Tanja Narancic, Ren Wei, Eric Pollet, Niall Beagan, Katja Schröder, Annett Honak, et al. "Towards bio-upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate." Metabolic Engineering 66 (July 2021): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.011.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyethylene terephthalate'

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