Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polyéthylène – Propriétés mécaniques – Propriétés thermiques'
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Sibold, Nathalie. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base de polyéthylène et de montmorillonite." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2011.
Full textEspinasse, Hidalgo Isabelle. "Etude des mécanismes des réactions de transestérification ester-ester par RMN : synthèse et propriétés de réseaux à base de polyéthylène co acétate de vinyle et de polyéthylène co acrylate de méthyle." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10189.
Full textRoiron, Coline. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermomécanique d’un polyéthylène auto-renforcé et de ses « recyclats » : Effet des paramètres du procédé de moulage par compression." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ESMA0004.
Full textReducing energy consumption is an essential issue for today's society. In order to achieve a sustainable energy transition, especially in the field of transportation, new and more demanding regulations are being implemented. The keywords are to increase the proportion of recycled and recyclable materials and lightening structural parts.The use of polymers can be a solution. However, to guarantee good mechanical resistance, the use of self-reinforced composites(SRP) is a lever for action. They are composed of a polymer or a family of polymers in two physical states, one to form the matrix and the second for the reinforcement. They present a low density, interesting mechanical behavior, and increased recyclability. To understand the behavior of a self-reinforced polyethylene and to be able to consider the use of this material for a given application,it is essential to understand the behavior of each of its components. If the behavior of more conventional composites, such as glass or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites, is well understood, using thermoplastic reinforcements such as UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene) within the composite makes the understanding of the behavior of SRP more complex. The impact of temperature and time on the mechanical response of the reinforcements is then examined in a first step, and the observations are related to microstructural considerations. A test protocol has been proposed and validated before hand. A solid-phase transition is highlighted around 49°C and generates an abrupt behavior change.These UHMWPE reinforcements are integrated into composites. A compression molding process is suggested to process them in a single step from a matrix in granular form. The effect of different process parameters is evaluated to propose an optimal combination.The short and long-term mechanical response in tension and creep is then analyzed, and the interest of the SRPE thus designed is highlighted. Indeed, the benefit of its use is evident, especially at low temperatures. Moreover, the presence of thermoplastic reinforcements seems to introduce additional parameters that affect the behavior of the composites and, in particular, in creep. The precise characterization and the knowledge of the transition temperatures of the latter appeared then determining, mainly since the transitions depend on the microstructure of the reinforcement and thus on the type of stretching and the applied conditions. Finally, the recyclability of the implemented composites is studied since it constitutes a driving force for the development of SRP on the market
Arieby, Rida. "Caractérisation mécanique et modélisation thermodynamique du comportement anisotrope du polyéthylène à haute densité. Intégration des effets d'endommagement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL085N/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanical behavior in large strains of anisotropic High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE), obtained by extrusion of plates. We present the experimental procedure and the results for traction, with unloading, reloading and relaxation in monotonous and cyclic conditions. This work is also concerned with the measure in real time of the volume strain due to the phenomena of damage. The results are given for various orientations of specimen within the extruded plates. The thermodynamic modeling of the whole the results, is the subject of an original development leading to the unified prediction of measures in 3D: axial true stress, transverse true strains. The model also predicts the development of the damage and offer the possibility to introduce a tensorial damage variable. The identification of the model parameters on the basis of experimental data leads to physical quantities in conformity with the characteristics of the microstructure. This work opens the prospect for an enrichment of the thermodynamic approach in the direction of the prediction of the induced plastic anisotropy of semi-crystalline polymers
Belkadi, Salima. "Mesure des déplacements et déformations en trois dimensions par stéréoscopie : applications au comportement de mousses synthétiques." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2256.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of the behaviour in compression of the synthetic foam of polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), we have used the stereoscopic principle associated with two optical methods; the techniques of correlation and the technique of tracking-marks. They permit the 3D reconstruction of specimen surface at the interested points then the determination of 3D displacements and deformations during solicitation. The stereoscopic dispositif requires a calibration to determine its intrinsic parameters (lens, pixel size, distortion coef) and extrinsic parameters (orientation and position of CCD cameras). We have studied two configuration of stereoscopic system; parallel case and classic case (crossed optical axes). For the compression tests, we have used the technique of tracking-marks, which is simple to realise. This permitted us to identify the behaviour law of HILL used for the simulation of compression with finite elements code ABAQUS - IMPLICITE
MALOU, ZAHIR. "Etude de l'optimisation des proprietes mecaniques et thermiques des materiaux poreux de type betons cellulaires." Cergy-Pontoise, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CERG0013.
Full textBellet, Gaëlle. "Relations structure-propriétés optiques et mécaniques de films de polyéthylène basse densité linéaire mis en œuvre par soufflage de gaine." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP1222.
Full textMeukam, Pierre. "Valorisation des briques de terre stabilisées en vue de l'isolation thermique de batiments." Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0287.pdf.
Full textIn this work, an experimental study was carried out in order to determine the properties of local materials used as construction materials. The thermal properties of lateritic soil based materials were deterrnined. The effect of addition of natural pozzolan or sawdust in lateritic soil brick on the thermal properties is examined. It was shown that the effect of incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is the decreasing of the thermal conductivity and density. The moisture content of these materials can modify their thermal performance. Thus a study of the influence of the water content on the thermal conductivity L and the thermal diffusivity a is presented. The effect of the increasing of cement content is to increase the thermal conductivity and to decrease the thermal diffusivity. The composite materials used for building shielding present sufficient mechanical strength and are suitable for constructions. The analysis is developed for the prediction of the temperature, relative humidity and water content behaviour within the walls. A numerical model HMtrans, developed for prediction of heat and rnoisture transfer in multi-Iayered building cornponents, is used to simulate the temperature, moisture content and humidity profiles within the building envelopes. The results allow the prediction of the duration of the exposed building walls to the local weather conditions. There is therefore minimum possibility of water condensation in the materials studied. The durability of buiIding envelopes made of lateritic soil bricks with incorporation of natural pozzolan or sawdust is not strongly affected by the climate conditions in tropical and equatorial regions
Tchofo, Dinda Patrice. "Étude d'un réseau bidimensionnel à maille hexagonale à deux sites dans un substrat double-quadratique : diagramme de phase, structure et dynamique des parois, effets de taille finie." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS061.
Full textAmrit, Jay. "Etude de l'interface liquide-solide de l'hélium-3." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10114.
Full textDelmas, François. "Influence des traitements thermiques sur les propriétés mécaniques d'un alliage AIMgSiCu." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30141.
Full textVladkov, Mihail. "Modélisation des effets d'interface sur les coefficients de transport: propriétés mécaniques des polymères, propriétés thermiques des nanofluides." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176186.
Full textNous avons développé une méthode d'étude locale de la dynamique dans un fondu de polymère. Ceci a permis d'expliquer les mécanismes impliqués dans la réponse d'un fondu pur à une excitation mécanique externe. Dans le cas d'une interface paroi polymère nous avons montré que la présence de chaînes greffées ralentit localement la dynamique et augmente la densité d'enchevêtrements dans une couche interfaciale de l'ordre de la taille des chaînes. En absence de greffage et pour une surface plane la dynamique est accélérée et la densité d'enchevêtrements diminue. L'étude d'un fondu enchevêtré chargé par des particules de taille inférieure à celle des polymères a montré que l'attraction charge polymère mène à une augmentation effective de la densité d'enchevêtrements à travers des réticulations créées par les charges. Ces phénomènes expliquent le renforcement dans les polymères chargés mesuré à haute température en absence d'effets vitreux.
Par l'étude des effets d'interface sur les transferts thermiques dans un nanofluide nous avons établi une méthode de mesure de la résistance thermique particule-fluide. Nous avons montré que la conductivité est bien prédite par un calcul de milieu effectif. L'effet du mouvement brownien est négligeable et l'augmentation de la conductivité de ces fluides est due à des effets collectifs (agrégation) des particules.
Gaucher, Valérie. "Étude de la plasticité des polyéthylènes en traction uniaxiale." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10195.
Full textOgreten, Dogan. "Transitions et propriétés mécaniques de films de polyéthylène basse densité linéaire pour ballons stratosphériques ouverts." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30074.
Full textThe CNES uses Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) films of about 25 microns of thickness. We have defined the different structural entities found in the material and identified the temperatures associated with the different transitions of LLDPE. We have also explained its mechanical behavior at molecular level. Our study shows the existence of three non-crystalline phases. By order of increasing temperatures, we find an amorphous phase made of physical defaults, an amorphous phase made of chemical defaults and a para-crystalline phase. We have established the thermodynamical parameters associated with the transitions of those phases. We have studied the effect of the synthesis protocol used as well as the effect of the film processing. We show that the control of the Short Chain Branching Distribution is the guiding effect that will determine the properties of LLDPE through the morphology of the amorphous phases
Isselin, Jérôme. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques des composants de centrales thermiques : l'essai punch test." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-1.pdf.
Full textBourret, Julie. "Élaboration de céramiques alvéolaires à base de kaolin : propriétés thermiques et mécaniques." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/feab8bd8-27be-4c21-839a-aaaa32034cba/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4058.pdf.
Full textCandidate materials for thermal insulation combine a solid phase of low thermal conductivity (<1 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹) with a high pore volume fraction. This work concerns the preparation of ceramic foams exhibiting such characteristics using kaolin clay as the starting material. Processing involves a surfactant to stabilize the foam while remaining low cost and environmentally friendly. The properties of a clay-based material are sensitive to the orientation of the clay particles and, with thermal treatment, mineralogical transformations. Measurements of thermal conductivity and Young's modulus were made on textured kaolonite/muscovite samples obtained by extrusion, uniaxial or isostatic pressing and cut in different directions. An initial study revealed anisotropy at the macroscopic scale up to a factor of 3 related to the forming conditions and the amount of muscovite. However, with thermal treatment, this factor is progressively removed by transformations such as dehydroxylation and formation of mullite. In the last part, the pore volume fraction (Vp) was varied in the kaolin based foam by modifying the incorporated clay amount in the starting mixture. After thermal treatment at 1100̊ C, measurements of the thermal conductivity revealed a decrease from 0. 23 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹ at Vp=0. 57 to 0. 054 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹ at Vp=0. 95 in close agreement to predictions by the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound, a cubic pore model and numerical simulation. The effective Young's modulus, obtained from mechanical compression tests, also decreases with pore volume fraction as described by Ashby's relation. However, the mechanical strengh was sufficient for handling even the more porous kaolin based foams
Fehervari, Sylvie. "Propriétés mécaniques d'une résine polyester, influence d'une pression de confinement : application à un composite polyéthylène-polyester." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10001.
Full textBour, Yves. "Matériaux composites à fibres courtes : Relation entre facteur d'orientation et propriétés mécaniques et thermiques." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Bour.Yves.SMZ9906.pdf.
Full textThe behavior of short fibers composite materials depends strongly of the orientation of the fibers. Using magnetic fields, anisotropic composite materials have been elaborated which contained up to 20 vol% of carbon fibers. One aim was to gain a better understanding of the process of orientation in the magnetic field. A model has been formulated to describe the movement of a single fiber which is exposed to a static and an oscillating magnetic field. Other parameters such as viscosity of the liquid polymer, temperature and fiber length were examined as well. The degree of anisotropy of the materials is measured by microscopy coupled to an optical imaging system, this work leading to define a procedure of filtering the image in order to obtain precisely the fiber orientation distribution (function). As well as the thermal conductivity was measured which is related to the three-dimensional orientation. The results from optical and thermal measurements correlate well, but the theoretical models to interpret the thermal conductivity are not yet reliable enough to allow the degree of orientation to be reduced from the measurements. Regarding the mechanical properties the increase of the YOUNG's modulus was measured and correlated with the fiber orientation distribution. Between the mechanical models tested some are found to agree well with the experiments
Capsal, Jean-Fabien. "Elaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques de nanocomposites hybrides ferroélectriques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/835/.
Full textThe piezoelectric activity of a hybrid ferroelectric nanocomposite, i. E. Polyamide 11/ Barium Titanate (BT), has been investigated for different loadings of BT particles. The BT volume fraction (phi) was ranging from 0. 024 to 0. 4 with a particle size of 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 700 nm. The influence of polarization mode on the piezoelectric behaviour has been studied. The magnitude of the poling field used in this study is in the same order of magnitude of the one used for bulk BT i. E. Significantly lower than for piezoelectric polymers. The optimum piezoelectric coefficient is reached when the amorphous phase of the polymeric matrix is in the liquid state i. E. ; for a polarization temperature higher than the glass transition and for time constant allowing macromolecular mobility. The composite piezoelectric activity decreases for particles size lower than 300 nm due to the loss of the tetragonal phase. The nanotexture of these particles has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM. A core shell structure has been observed. An increase of the longitudinal piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with the raising of BT volume fraction was shown. Contrary to inorganic piezoelectric ceramics, the dielectric permittivity of hybrid composites remains moderate although the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of composites is bigger than ceramics
Vermeulen, Bernard. "Etude des fibres et tissus, enduits ou non, de polyéthylène haute performance : caractérisation - mise en oeuvre - propriétés." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10007.
Full textPerez-Perez, Maria-Cristina. "Structure et propriétés mécaniques et de transfert des films comestibles à base de caséinate de sodium." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_PEREZ_PEREZ_M_C.pdf.
Full textBoudou, Laurent. "Influence des paramètres de mise en oeuvre sur la morphologie et la conductivité électrique d'un polyéthylène destiné à la fabrication des câbles." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30143.
Full textFranbourg, Alain. "Influence d'un traitement à l'état fondu sur la structure cristalline et les propriétés mécaniques du poly(oxymethylène) et du poly(éther éther cétone) : relations : mise en oeuvre par injection/structure/propriétés." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10091.
Full textMohaine, Siyimane. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des bétons isolants structurels incorporant des cénosphères." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0030/document.
Full textIn the field of building thermal insulation, regulatory (RT2012) and standards (NF BPE: Béton à Propriétés Thermiques, September 2016) evolutions are encouraging the use of insulating structural concrete (BIS). The control of their thermal conductivity is essential. It is possible, in addition to using lightweight aggregates, to modify the composition of the cement paste by using hollow inclusions (fly ash cenospheres) to bring an additional thermal insulating potential. In a context of improved workability, to these properties is added the criterion of self-compacting concrete. The validation of these new formulas required the characterization of materials at different scales (from inclusion scale to building scale) by implementing experimental and numerical approaches. Their properties at fresh and hardened state were analyzed. The measured thermal conductivities place these new concretes in the Category of Structural Insulating Concrete in the sense of the new standard. The developed numerical model allowed approaching the experimental measurements correctly. The effect of cenospheres’ incorporation into cement paste on several durability indicators was also characterized
Betene, Ebanda Fabien. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques du plâtre renforcé de fibres végétales tropicales." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22298/document.
Full textThe plaster is a material of high availability and very known for its qualities : it is favourable to the protection of the environment, quite malleable, of low density, its functional properties are remarkable (firewall, thermal insulation, regulator of the hygroscopy of enclosures), decorative, ... What justifies the interest attached to this material for constructions. Its great alarming brittleness is at the origin of the research tasks in the whole world for its strengthening. The glass fibers and sisal are the more used reinforcements to this day. The strengthening by plant fibers is more and more researched. The microstructure of the plaster is porous ; that promotes its heat insulation character. The textures implemented so far are limited to porosities ranging between 30 and 55%. The reduction of cost of this material for a wide use is still possible and desired. Two levers are exploited in this work, in particular a lightening of the plaster weight to increase the proportion of air voids and a reinforcement of the mechanical resistance with locally produced fibers. The objective of this work is to evaluate the mechanical, thermal and hygrometrical characteristics of a material made up of harden plaster, with high porosity, strengthened by a new plant fiber : the Rhecktophyllum Camerunense (RC), a fiber of humid equatorial forests. The sisal fiber, of known use for the strengthening of the plaster, serves as a reference for comparison purposes. A serie of experiments is conducted to this effect. A physicochemical characterization of constituents is performed. Mechanical tests of tensile and of bending are performed on the constituents and the resulting plaster/fiber composite materials. The kinetic adsorption of moisture by the constituents is followed. The thermal behaviour of plaster and plaster/fiber is also measured. The fibers used, sisal and RC are with high rates of cellulose (between 49 and 78.8% ), the fiber of RC is tubular with 35.5 % of porosity. The plaster is dissolved in demineralized water to a mass ratio W/P equals to 1 from the powder of semihydrate β. Its crystalline microstructure is composed of gypsum crystals in the form of needles tangled with the empty intercristallins. As far as the mechanical behavior is concerne, the result reveals that the plaster is weak, its Young’s modulus in tensile is 1.72 GPa, its tensile strength is 0.86 MPa and its elongation at break is 1.16 %. In three points bending test, its modulus of elasticity is 0.64 GPa and its constraint at break is 0.13 MPa. The sisal fiber is stiff and fragile. Its Young’s modulus is between 9 and 21 GPa, it admits an elongation at break of 3 to 7 %. On the other side, the fiber of RC is quite ductile : the means of Young’s module is 7 GPa and the elongation at break is 24.2 %. The adhesion of the plaster on the fiber surface is low : it adheres more on the sisal than on the RC. The sisal strengthened better the plaster with a sensitive increase of the Young’s modulus of 42.5 %, against 16.3 % for the RC. But the RC fiber gives rather high elastic ductility. The fibers of RC deliver maximum capacity in tensile to the plaster when they are woven into unidirectional. They offer high capacity in bending when they are uniformly distributed inside the volume according to the longitudinal direction of the structure. (...)
Imbert, Claire. "Matériaux à propriétés mécaniques et thermiques améliorées sous pression hydrostatique en utilisation aquatique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20019.
Full textMaterials nowadays used for thermal insulation in aquatic environment under hydrostatic pressure are either rubber flexible foams or rigid foams, especially syntactic foams, depending on depth. These flexible materials were analyzed through classical mechanical and thermal tests. However, methods and results were adapted to the final usage of the product, particularly to the aquatic environment at the surface and under depth. Relationships between structures and properties characteristics were studied to define appropriate properties within relevant criteria. Moreover, to underline thermal properties under hydrostatic pressure, a testing instrument has been developed: an innovating hyperbaric test chamber, dedicated to under water pressure thermal resistance and thickness measurements, from 0 to 50 m depth. Strengths and weak points of these classical materials have been clearly established. Results analysis lead to a new concept of composite material for the defined usage. This innovating material, a syntactic foam, has been developed. By varying the particle type added to a thermoplastic elastomer matrix, the cellular structure has been refined in order to obtain a similar behaviour in aquatic environment, at the surface like in depth. This material has been tested, parallel to its industrial production, to identify relationships between structures and properties
Jeong, Jena. "Estimation de la fiabilité de la résistance mécanique du cristal soumis à un choc thermique." Metz, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003METZ019S.
Full textGauthier, Catherine. "Composites unidirectionnels PET-Verre : relations morphologie, mise en œuvre, propriétés mécaniques." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10046.
Full textDevaux, Alexandre. "Etude de l'influence des traitements thermomécaniques et thermiques sur la microstructure et la tenue en fluage de l'alliage 718." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1477.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the creep properties of Alloy 718 used in turbine discs, without affecting the tensile and fatigue properties obtained with the standard thermomechanical treatment. In this context, an optimized two-stage solution heat treatment has been developed which partly dissolves the intergranular phase without causing the formation of coarse grains which impair fatigue performance. The higher volume fraction of ’’ precipitates improves the yield strength and creep properties over a wide temperature range, and fatigue properties are preserved by the fine-grained microstructure. The study of the direct aged thermomechanical treatment evidenced a creep behavior relatively different from those observed with other thermomechanical treatments, which suggests that different creep mechanisms are at play in the various conditions covered in this study. The different effects on the studied microstructures under greater and lesser stress and temperature variations confirm the presence of these creep mechanisms. This study also focuses on the kinetics of precipitation of the ’’ hardening phase. The study of the influence of the aging stages on ’’ phase precipitation and on the mechanical properties revealed that there are optimum precipitate sizes. This work also enabled us to analyze the creep behavior of Alloy 718 at high temperature by modeling, on the one hand, the influence of microstructural parameters on the minimum secondary creep rate and, on the other hand, the influence of precipitate coarsening during creep testing
Lallam, Abdelaziz. "Corrélations entre les propriétés thermomécaniques de films diélectriques plastiques et les caractéristiques de composants passifs." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19054.
Full textAmici, Marco. "Hybrid Inorganic / Organic polymers based on methacrylate - polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS®) : morphology and structure - properties relationships." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Full textNovel hybrid inorganic/organic systems based on methacrylate and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS ®) have been synthesised and characterised. The synthesis has been performed via either thermally or UV free-radical polymerization. Chemical characterisation has been done with NMR, NIR and SEC. The POSS have been found to be polymerizable with the organic monomers once a good dispersion is ensured. Structure and morphology, characterised by means of SEM, TEM, AFM and WAXS, have been shown to be mainly dependent on the dispersion of the POSS in the organic matrix. Depending on the POSS grade and concentration, one could obtain a wide array of structure-morphologies, from micro-aggregates to a very fine dispersion, probably to the molecular level. In turn, these different morphologies have an influence on the properties of the final systems. Thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical properties have been analysed. The POSS have been shown to change the crosslinking density of the thermosetting networks, while, in thermoplastic systems, the properties of the hybrid systems have been largely influenced by the nature of the organic ligands borne by the POSS
Rakotovelo, Andriaminosoa Martin. "Contribution à la validation des méthodes de prévision du rochet thermique dans les structures métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0027/these.pdf.
Full textThis work concerns the steady state assessment in the metallic structures subjected to thermomecanical cyclic loadings in biaxial stress state. The effect of the short time mechanical overloads is also investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic research concerning the behaviour of the materials and the structures in the cyclic plasticity. Some works related to the experimental aspect as well as the numerical one for the steady state assessment of such structures are presented. The experimental part of the study is presented in the second chapter. The experimental device was carried out in order to prescribe tension and torsion forces combined with cyclic thermal loading. Some tests was then carried out, among these tests certain include some overloads in tension or torsion. The last chapter describes the numerical calculations using different models (linear isotropic hardening, linear kinematic hardening and elastoviscoplastic Chaboche’s model) and the application of some simplified methods for the ratchetting assessment in the structures. We have considered two categories of methods. The first one is based on an elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram, 3 Sm rule, efficiency rule) and the second one combines elastic analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the first cycle (Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods). The results of this study have enabled: • to validate in the biaxial stress state an expression which takes into account the effect of mechanical short time overloads. • to test the performances of considered models to describe the evolution of the structure during the first cycle and to take into account the effect of short time overloads. Among the considered models, the elastoplastic Chaboche’s model seems to be the most accurate to describe the structure’s behaviour during the first cycles. • to validate some simplified methods. Certain methods based only on elastic analysis (Bree’s diagram and efficiency rule) seem not suitable for the considered kind of structure. On the other hand, Gatt’s and Taleb’s methods give some conservative predictions
Ezbakhe, Hassan. "Caractéristiques thermiques et mécaniques de matériaux poreux utilisés comme isolants simples ou porteurs." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10024.
Full textVendramini, Jérôme. "Architecture et propriétés mécaniques d'une nouvelle génération de composites : les comêlés poly(butylène téréphtalate)/fibres de verre unidirectionnelles." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0102.
Full textThe goal of this study is to investigate the microstructure and the mechanical properties of commingled PBT/unidirectional glass fibers. It is well known that the mechanical properties of filled polymers are governed by the characteristics of each phase and the morphology of these materials. Firstly, the influence of the spinning process, used to manufacture PBT filaments, on the microstructure of PBT have been studied. We have found that, in contrast to the PBT granules, the filaments can contain both the alpha and beta crystalline phases. In the case of the filled materials, the compression moulding at high temperature under pressure, required to obtain composite sheets, leads to the melting of the beta phase followed by the crystallization in the alpha form. Furthermore, the rule played by glass fibers in the crystallization kinetics of PBT is shown. From a morphological approach, we have shown (i) that fibers are packed into clusters and (ii) the presence of a transcrystalline region in the vicinity of the fibers. An original micromechanical approach, i. E. The modelling in a reverse mode, is developed in order to extract the viscoelastic behaviour of the transcrystalline region, which is assumed to exhibit transversally isotropic properties. It is shown that the axial shear modulus of the transcrystalline region is higher than that exhibited by the unfilled polymer over the analysed temperature range. Finally, the study of the mechanical properties of composite materials has revealed the rules played by both the volume fraction of fibers and the sizing agent in the damaging mechanisms
Verhaeghe, Benjamin. "Allègement de céramiques pour les arts de la table : Influence de la porosité sur les caractéristiques mécaniques et thermiques." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1b47986d-2f67-4418-beb9-e4762561eded.
Full textIn this study, porous ceramics are developed and mechanically and thermally characterized. The ceramic matrix is based on a silicoaluminate material then after densified by sintering. The nature of the ceramic material and sintering cycle is unique through all this work. Porosity is obtained by adding to the ceramic paste various organic porous agents calibrated in sizes and shapes. Total porosity rate is between 8 and 30%. Several preparation routes are tested allowing the control of the porosity quality. Heterogeneous porosity is obtained by mixing spray dried siliocaluminate powder with pore-forming agent. The obtained porosities are mainly distributed around the spray dried agglomerates. A relatively homogeneous porosity is provided by an innovative process: A particular porogen agent is introduced within the slurry before spray-drying and leads to specific microstructure consisting in pores (10μm) localized inside the aggregates, while a small amount of porosity remains between them. The mechanical properties (compression, bending, toughness) and thermal properties (thermal diffusivity) are determined and analyzed in regards to porous phases qualities. Meanwhile, various finite element modeling are developed to describe the impact of porosity on the mechanical and thermal properties. Several models of porosity are chosen as close as the experimentally realized porosities. The experimental mechanical and thermal characteristics are compared with modeling results
Gomez, Jean-Paul. "Caractérisation mécanique de composites à matrice d'alliages d'aluminium et renforts particulaires SiC ou Al2O3 (influence des traitements thermiques,études des contraintes résiduelles)." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT032G.
Full textPetroni, Laeticia. "Étude du comportement post-coulée de réfractaires électrofondus à Très Haute Teneur en Zircone : thtz." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657812.
Full textThis work has been carried out in the frame of a French national research program on new refractories for glass production (NOREV) and focussed on the numerical simulation of the post-casting cooling of fused-cast refractories with a very high zirconia content (HZ). A numerical model of the cooling-down sequence of a tile has been developed from thermal measurements performed in a mould during a casting on industrial site. This calculation allowed the time positioning, for each location in the tile, of the physical phenomena occurring during cooling: solidification, creep and phase transformation of zirconia. Isothermal and non-isothermal mechanical tests allowed the constitutive equations of creep (isotropic hardening) and during zirconia transformation (Leblond transformation-induced viscoplasticity model). From the thermal loadings, the thermal stresses induced by cooling have been calculated, as well as the residual stresses remaining at room temperature. The phase transformation of zirconia, which induces a 4% volume swelling, seems to be the most critical physical phenomenon for both types of stresses. The performed parametric studies proved the interest of the numerical model as a tool for improving the process by varying different parameters: cast material properties, mould shape, properties of its constituents,. .
Jauffres, David. "Polymères à hautes performances mécaniques élaborés par Compaction Grande Vitesse: mécanismes de frittage et relations procédé/microstructure/propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496821.
Full textChimeni, Yomeni Desire. "Effet des modifications de surface sur les propriétés morphologiques, mécaniques et rhéologiques de composites à base de fibres biosourcées et de polyéthylène." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27718.
Full textThis doctoral thesis focuses on understanding the effect of surface modifications of hemp fibers on the one hand (250 μm - 1 mm and 8% NaOH pretreated to increase the number of active sites on their surface) and cellulose (≤ 200 μm) on the other hand, on the properties of linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) based composites. Two different modification approaches (MAPE in a solution (hemp and cellulose) and catalytic polymerization (hemp)) not yet well known were investigated. The first two parts of this thesis focused on understanding the effect of solution modification of hemp fiber on LMDPE composite morphological and mechanical behavior, as well as a qualitative and quantitative analysis of their interface, with emphasis on the comparison between them, the direct use of MAPE and the combination of both methods (solution and direct modification). Then, the work focused on evaluating the effect of fiber type on the composite behavior. For this purpose, the cellulose powder (≤ 200 μm) extracted from wood (Aspen wood) was modified by MAPE in a xylene solution to improve the properties of LMDPE based composites. Finally, the last part focused on the modification of hemp fibers by catalytic polymerization. For the fibers (hemp and cellulose), the results showed that they were successfully modified by MAPE in solution, as well as by catalytic polymerization for hemp. This enhanced the quality of the corresponding fiber-matrix interface. The results showed that NaOH pre-treatment mainly controlled the wettability level (physical contact) of hemp fibers by the matrix, while the use of a coupling agent (directly or in solution) controlled the interfacial adhesion (chemical interactions). Compared to the composites with unmodified fibers, an increase of the tensile strength by 21% for solution modified fiber composite, 24% after the direct use of MAPE and 31% upon combining both methods, were observed. The direct use of MAPE also significantly improved the composite Young's modulus by about 17%, followed by the combination of both method with 6% improvement, while the solution modification did not significantly affect this property. The use of cellulosic fibers increased the tensile strength of both unmodified and modified fibers composite with a 29% improvement for the composite with modified fibers. Finally, hemp modification by catalytic polymerization resulted in a significant increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength of the corresponding composite by about 8% and 43% respectively, compared to the composite with untreated fibers.
Martinez, Rémi. "Modélisation multi-échelles des propriétés mécaniques d'un alliage d'aluminium de fonderie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1148.
Full textThis work highlights the results of a theoretical Al$_2$Cu particles coarsening model in a T7 thermal treated 319 aluminum alloy. As an input of the model, the experimental and discretised size distribution of the precipitates, in a 1$mu$m$^3$ representative volume element of the alloy, is used and coupled to a flux equation. The use of a numerical implicit scheme allows us to solve the problem by the inversion of a tridiagonal matrix. Thus, the evolution of the critical radius of coarsening, of the total number and of the volumical fraction of particles are modeled in a range of temperature going from 23°C to 300°C up to 1000h ageing time. Results were then compared to transmission electron microscope observations and are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Hence, the model was then coupled to a micro-mechanical model which is based on the theory of dislocations. It determines the real yield stress of the alloy generated by the interaction of the dislocations with the lattice (Peierls stress), with the precipitates (Orowan stress) and with the atoms in solid solution. Both models were then combined into a mechanical macro-scale model in order to represent the LCF behavior of the material. An elasto-viscoplastic law has been used and all the internal variables were experimentally determined using LCF stress/strain loops for the mechanical steady state. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments. Finally, 1D and 3D finite element computations could be run, taking into account the evolution of the microstructure during ageing and its impact on the evolution of the mechanical properties, to determine the head cylinder behavior under thermomechanical fatigue
Rajhi, Ramzi. "Calcul des structures en thermo-élasto-plasticité cyclique, fiabilité et sensibilité aux paramètres matériaux." INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0002.
Full textAntunes, Dos Santos Albin. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle élastoplastique du laminage à froid par la méthode des éléments finis." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0324.
Full textLaoutid, Fouad. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flamme utilisant des composés minéraux et organo-minéraux dans le polyéthylène térephtalate recyclé." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20008.
Full textComair, Fadi Georges. "Etude des propriétés thermiques et mécaniques des matériaux de construction : application à l'habitat du Moyen-Orient." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10077.
Full textChabi, Edem. "Étude de la formulation et des propriétés mécaniques et thermiques du béton de balles de riz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0232/document.
Full textEveryone agrees today that human activities significantly affect the climate of the planet. The construction sector is one of the main contributors to this situation as it is the largest energy consumer and the second largest CO2 emitter in the world. It is therefore important to build eco-friendly buildings, which consume little energy and emit less greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle. The present study is then integrated into a general problem of development of innovative building materials with reduced environmental impact. We propose to use the rice husk as a vegetable aggregate in a cementitious matrix. The objective of the work is to propose a method for the mix design of concretes based on plant aggregates and to study the mechanical and thermal behavior of rice husk concrete. Setting tests on pure cement paste formulated with water resulting from the infusion of the rice husk showed that these aggregates had no inhibiting effect on the setting of the cement. To confirm this hypothesis, a chemical analysis of the rice husk was carried out and the results showed that the extractable ratio of rice husks is almost zero, unlike other plant aggregates such as hemp and wood. The proposed formulation method consists in determining the packing density of the plant skeleton for a given method of implementation and then in proportioning the binder paste which will occupy the residual intergranular pore volume. The paste is consisted of the binder, the effective water, the possible additions and admixture, and trapped air and/or entrained air. For a given volume of air (and additions), the quantities of cement and effective water are then adjusted to achieve the targeted performances, based on the law of Féret. However, for this type of concrete, the large volume of entrained air also depends on the quantity of cement and water present in the mixture, the intensity of the mixing and the casting mode. A model describing the volume of residual air was then calibrated from tests carried out with the components of the concrete that it is desired to manufacture. Finally, the problem of formulation is solved by using a numerical optimization module. In order to validate the model, the method for the mix design was applied to five samples with a target resistance of 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8 MPa. The performances obtained are quite similar to those targeted. In addition, it has been observed that the preservation mode of the specimens has a significant influence on the mechanical strength of the material. Indeed, a cure in desiccation condition can reduce the mechanical resistances up to 60%. The best resistances obtained were observed on the specimens preserved at 95 % RH. Measurements of thermal conductivity have shown that rice husk concrete is a very good alternative to more conventional systems in terms of thermal insulation. The average value of the thermal conductivity of the rice husk concrete varies depending on the binder dosage between 0.070 W/(m.K) and 0.171 W/(m.K). The evolution of the thermal conductivity as a function of the density and the cement dosage is linear
Chaffraix, Vincent. "Etude de l'extrusion du polyéthylène térephtalate et de ses mélanges non-compatibilisés avec le polyéthylène haute densité : Application au recyclage." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1123.
Full textBroszniowski, François. "Influence d'additifs cristallins basiques sur les propriétés d'un lubrifiant." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30071.
Full textTriki, Abdelhafid. "Relation entre la démixtion et les propriétés mécaniques d'alliages Fe-Cr concentrés." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0055.
Full textKomla, Adéchion. "Etude de la texture de couches à propriétés optiques et catalytiques spécifiques obtenues à partir d'aciers inoxydables." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30277.
Full textDesgranges, Lionel. "Evolution structurale et dynamique du proton dans l'hydroxyde de calcium Ca(oh)#2 : Lionel Desgranges." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS041.
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