Journal articles: 'Polyethylends blends'

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Wang, Kun Yuan, Qiu Ju Sun, Yan Liu, and Jie Lu. "Thermal Behavior, Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Low-Density Polyethylene Filled by Diatomite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.413.

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Diatomite was treated by titanate coupling agent and blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by the method of melt-mixing blend. The performance of the blends, such as thermal behavior, mechanical property and microstructure, were analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, tensile strength testing and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that influenced the crystalline behavior of LDPE phase in the blends and made the crystallization rate of LDPE phase decreased. Moreover, the thermo-decomposing temperature of the blends increased with increasing the diatomite content, diatomite significantly improved the thermal stability of the blends. Tensile strengths of the blends firstly decreased and then increased. When the diatomite content was 30%wt, the tensile strength of the blend reached to 14.6MPa. SEM photographs showed the good dispersion and interaction.

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Ismail, H., N. Z. Noimam, H. W. Woon, and J. N. M. Ridhwan. "The Effects of Carbon Black, Silica and Calcium Carbonate in Virgin PE/Recycle PE/EPDM Blends: Thermal Properties & Swelling Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.372.

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The effects of carbon black (CB), silica and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in virgin polyethylene (vPE)/recycle polyethylene (rPE)/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) blends were investigated. rPE was melt blended with EPDM in different ratio by using a Haake Rheomix. The characterization such as swelling analysis and thermal properties were examined. Results indicated that, vPE/rPE/EPDM blend with CB show best oil (ASTM IRM 903) and toluene resistant and also thermal properties compared with silica and CaCO3.

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Yap, E. P., S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, T. K. Ong, and K. Y. Tshai. "Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polyethylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012021.

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Abstract Styrofoam is widely used as packaging material for many applications like home furniture and electrical appliance. Styrofoam is a non-biodegradable material which its disposal causes serious environment issues. This research demonstrates an alternate recycling method of Styrofoam waste by converting it into 3D printing filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). For this research, the recycled polystyrene (rPS) was extracted from Styrofoam waste and blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), then extruded into filament using a filament extruder. The formulated rPS/LDPE blend with different blend ratio exhibited a good printability when the printing temperature and extrusion rate fixed at 240°C and 120%. However, the tensile strength of printed specimens with rPS/LDPE blends were lower than printed specimen with neat rPS. The tensile strength and modulus of printed specimens with rPS/LDPE were decreased due to the increase of LDPE content. The decrease of tensile strength mainly caused by the incompatibility between the rPS and LDPE phases. However, the addition of more LDPE content in the blend enhanced the ductility of rPS/LDPE blends. Furthermore, the increase of LDPE content also increased the thermal stability of rPS/LDPE blends. Overall, the rPS/LDPE blend is a potential alternate material for producing FDM filament.

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Hemsri, Sudsiri, Patthamas Bunsripirat, and Punnakit Nakkarat. "Effect of Plasticizers on Morphology, Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption of Wheat Gluten and Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blend." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.287.

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Wheat gluten (WG) plastics are inherently brittle and sensitive to water. In this research, wheat gluten was blended with epoxidized natural rubber containing 50 mol% epoxide group (ENR-50) to improve flexibility and water resistance of WG plastics. Three plasticizers (i.e. glycerol (Gly), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were used to enhance polymer chain mobility and process ability of WG phase in the blends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate plasticizing efficiency of plasticizers on WG. The DSC result revealed that an excellent plasticizer for WG was glycerol which could remarkably reduce glass transition temperature (Tg) of WG. Furthermore, effect of plasticizer types and contents (0, 10, 20 and 30wt% with respect to protein weight) on morphology, mechanical properties and water absorption of the WG/ENR blends was investigated. It was found that an enhancement in ductility and impact strength of the blends was observed with increasing plasticizer content. Among the plasticized WG/ENR blends, the glycerol-plasticized blend provided better homogenous morphology and superior results in tensile and impact properties. On the other hand, the Gly-plasticized WG/ENR blend showed a low water resistance compared with the blends plasticized with PEG and DOP as well as the unplasticized WG/ENR blend.

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Santos, Raquel M., Anna R. M. Costa, Yêda M. B. Almeida, Laura H. Carvalho, João M. P. Q. Delgado, Elisiane S. Lima, Hortência L. F. Magalhães, et al. "Thermal and Rheological Characterization of Recycled PET/Virgin HDPE Blend Compatibilized with PE-g-MA and an Epoxy Chain Extender." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061144.

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In this work, recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETR) was blended with virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in an internal mixer in an attempt to obtain a material with improved properties. A compatibilizer (PE-g-MA) and a chain extender (Joncryl) were added to the PETR/HDPE blend and the rheological and thermal properties of the modified and unmodified blends as well as those of virgin PET with virgin HDPE (PETV/HDPE). All the blends were characterized by torque rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The data obtained indicate that the incorporation of either the chain extender or the compatibilizer agent led to increases in torque (and hence in viscosity) of the blend compared to that of the neat polymers. The joint incorporation of the chain extender and compatibilizer further increased the viscosity of the systems. Their effect on the crystallinity parameters of HDPE was minimal, but they reduced the crystallinity and crystallization temperature of virgin and recycled PET in the blends. The thermal stability of the PETR/HDPE blend was similar to that of the PETV/HDPE blend, and it was not affected by the incorporation of the chain extender and/or compatibilizer.

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Aldosari, Haia. "Investigation the Phase Separation in Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends." Advanced Materials Research 1159 (September 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1159.1.

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The present study is aimed at investigated the miscibility in binary blend the Metallocene linear low density polyethylene (PE) and the Polypropylene homo (PP). Metallocene linear low density polyethylene is one of LLDPEs but with lower density higher melt flow index (MFI) than conventional LLDPE. The polyethylene and polypropylene blends (PB) were prepare by using o-xylene as solvent and polyethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate (PE-co-GMA) as compatibilizer promote blending of immiscible homopolymers and the stability of the blend . The composites were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Long period spacing was obtained using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).Crystallinity and melting behavior were studying by use the DSC and TGA, Metallocene linear low density polyethylene provide better behavior than the conventional LLDPE. The tensile test and DMA test were applied on the blends, which displayed improvement on the blend properties by using the PE-co-GMA and confirm the incompatible nature of the blends.

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Alwaan, Ismaeel M., and Azman Hassan. "The effects of magnesium oxide on the thermal, morphological, and crystallinity properties of metallocene linear low-density polyethylene/rubbers composite." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0014.

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Abstract The effects on the thermal, morphological, and crystallinity properties of the different loadings of magnesium oxide (MgO) blended with 10% rubbers [9:1 natural rubber (NR)/epoxidized NR] and metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE) in the presence of N,N-m-phenylenebismaleimide (HVA-2) compatibilizer were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the epoxy and double-bond groups were absent in the blends. The crystallinity degree of mLLDPE composites were determined based on the results of differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallinity of the blends was continuously increased by the loading of MgO compared with blend of 0 phr MgO. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the degradation temperature of NR in the blends with MgO is significantly enhanced compared with a pure NR and 0 phr MgO blend. The observations of the scanning electron micrographs indicate that the HVA-2 had caused a cross-linking reaction in the rubber phase and the domains of the MgO are separated from the continuous phase (mLLDPE).

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Zhang, Lin, Libin Wang, Yujiao Shi, and Zhaobo Wang. "Dynamically vulcanized high-density polyethylene/nitrile butadiene rubber blends compatibilized by chlorinated polyethylene." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 4 (February 28, 2018): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718761557.

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Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were prepared by dynamic vulcanization where chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was used as a compatibilizer. The effects of CPE on mechanical properties, Mullins effect, dynamic mechanical properties, and morphology of the blends were investigated systematically. Experimental results indicated that CPE had an excellent compatibilization on the HDPE/NBR blends. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies showed that the glass transition temperature of NBR phase was slightly shifted toward higher temperature with the CPE incorporation, leading to the increasing interface compatibility. Mullins effect results showed that the compatibilized HDPE/NBR blend had relatively lower residual deformation and internal friction than that of HDPE/NBR blend, indicating the improvement of elasticity. Morphology studies showed that the size of the NBR particles was decreased with the existence of CPE; moreover, the fracture surface of HDPE/CPE/NBR TPV was relatively smoother than that of HDPE/NBR blend.

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Dikobe, DG, and AS Luyt. "Investigation of the morphology and properties of the polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder and the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder polymer blend composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 14 (September 14, 2016): 2045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316668399.

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The properties of polypropylene/low-density polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blends, and their wood powder composites are compared in this study. The blends contained equal amounts of polymers, and the wood powder was added into the blends to form polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene/wood powder ternary systems. The Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the blends and composites did not provide any evidence of significant interactions between the different components, although the rest of the results clearly showed that maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and wood powder significantly interacted, and that there was some interaction between maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and low-density polyethylene. The differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results confirmed the immiscibility of polypropylene and low-density polyethylene, and polypropylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, and indicated that wood powder was distributed in both the low-density polyethylene and polypropylene phases in the polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blend, but most probably only in the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene phase in the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blend. The polypropylene/low-density polyethylene and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene/low-density polyethylene blends were found to be more thermally stable than the neat polymers, while the presence of wood powder in both polymer blends further increased the thermal stability of the polymers. The blends and composites with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene showed higher tensile modulus values and lower elongation at break values than the composites with polypropylene, while the stress at break values of the two sets of samples were comparable.

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Baimark, Yodthong, and Theeraphol Phromsopha. "Controlling Crystallization, Mechanical Properties and Heat Resistance of Poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lactide) Bioplastic by Melt Blending with Low Molecular Weight Poly(D-lactide)/Poly(L-lactide) Mixtures." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 7 (2022): 1857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23791.

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The crystallization behaviour, mechanical properties and heat resistance were determined for mixtures of poly(L-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) blended with poly(D-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) with m.w. of 6,000 g/mol (PDLA6k/PLLA6k). These blends were prepared by melt blending. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA6k/PLLA6k ratios of 90/10/0, 90/7.5/2.5, 90/5/5, 90/2.5/7.5 and 90/0/10 %wt. were investigated. PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PDLA6k and PLLA-PEG-PLLA/PLLA6k blends were also prepared for comparison. The presence of PDLA6k/PLLA6k mixture improved crystallization and heat resistance of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and this improvement was related to increased PDLA6k content. However, the 90/10/0 blend film was brittle but 90/7.5/2.5, 90/5/5, 90/2.5/7.5 and 90/0/10 blend films were not. The PLLA6k blending enhanced film flexibility. The results suggested that the PLLA-PEG-PLLA blends with controllable mechanical properties and heat resistance can be prepared by varying the PDLA6k/PLLA6k ratio for use as flexible and heat-resistant biodegradable bioplastics.

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Moori, Tatiana Mayumi, Mauro Cesar Terence, Nilson Casimiro Pereira, Sonia Braunstein Faldini, and Leila Figueiredo de Miranda. "Characterization of Gamma Irradiated PP/LDPE Blend." Defect and Diffusion Forum 353 (May 2014): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.353.90.

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This study analyzed nine polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends where the mass concentrations of each sample were changed, proportionally. The aim was to investigate the tensile strength by means of these polymers best combination, before and after its exposal to gamma rays. The results showed that the 20/80 - PP/LDPE blend had a better performance concerning mechanical properties after irradiation, where the maximums tensile stress had an average increase of 30% in 30 and 50 kGy doses and 33% in the 200 kGy dose. On the other hand, it was verified that the higher blend's PP concentration, the higher its tensile strength will be (except for 100 kGy and 200 kGy doses which PP concentration over 70% can cause eventual degradation in the polymeric chains of the blend).

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Saki, Tahseen A. "The influence in difference of compatibilizers on the mechanical and rheological properties of LDPE/PLST blends." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2063, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2063/1/012009.

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Abstract In this present study, low density polyethylene/plasticizer starch (LDPE/PLST) blends were prepared as a product to be used in disposable packaging (film applications), reducing the negative polymeric environmental effect. Because of their different molecular structures, LDPE blends with starch are fully immiscible; therefore, a compatibility agent is required. Three different polymer and/or copolymer: poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrolyzed 75% (PVOH), styrene-allyl alcohol copolymer (SAA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were selected as compatibilizers containing –OH groups. The effects of compatibilizer on the mechanical and rheological properties of LDPE/PLST blends were investigated and compared to LDPE/PLST without compatibilzer. The blends are also characterized by FTIR, which strongly indicates the existence of compatibilizers that can enhance phase interaction and promote compatibility in the blends of LDPE/PLST. Comparing to the blend without a compatibilizer, the tensile strengths of the blends containing PVOH and SAA increased significantly. The elongation at break results shows similar observation. The rheological measurement results suggested that the addition of a compatibilizer exhibited an increase in the shear stress and apparent viscosity comparing to the uncompatibilized blend except the blend with PEG which exhibited phase separation.

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Zhang, Shuai, Chang Lu, Xi-ping Gao, Da-hu Yao, and Yu-xin He. "Tailoring the Localization of Carbon Nanotubes and Ammonium Polyphosphate in Linear Low-Density Polyethylene/Nylon-6 Blends for Optimizing Their Flame Retardancy." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (September 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6597494.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to improve the flame retardancy of linear low-density polyethylene/nylon-6 (LLDPE/PA6) blends. It was observed that APP or CNTs tended to be dispersed in the PA6 phase of the blends when all components were melt-blended together. CNTs dispersed in the PA6 phase caused the decrease of flame retardancy. Different processing methods were used to tailor the localization of APP and CNTs in the blends. The results showed that the localization of CNTs or APP strongly influenced the flame retardancy of blends. APP-incorporated CNTs had antagonism in blends with APP localized in the LLDPE phase and CNTs in the PA6 or LLDPE phases. A synergism between APP and CNTs was exhibited only in blend with the localization of APP in the PA6 phase and CNTs in the LLDPE phase. SEM observation showed that the residual char layer in blends with poor flame retardancy was either discontinuous or continuous but porous. A continuous and compact-residue char layer was observed in blends with excellent flame retardancy. Different morphologies of the residual char layer could be attributed to the difference of residual char mass and network structure.

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Phatcharasit, Kritsada, Wirach Taweepreda, and Patompong Phummor. "Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sulfur-Cured Natural Rubber/Polyethylene/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.14.

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The polymer blend was prepared from natural rubber (NR) and polyethylene (PE) powder blended with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by using an internal mixer. In this study, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was used as compatibilizer for the blends. Blending ENR with PE powder and NR were prepared at various compositions from 0-20% by weight. Then, specimens from the blends were produced by compression molding at 150 °C. The mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that the addition of ENR content has improved the tensile strength, compression set and hardness for the ternary compositions composed of NR/PE powder/ENR compared to the binary one (i.e. NR/PE powder). ENR contributed to a better dispersion between the NR and PE phases as observed in the scanning electron microscopy.

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Quitadamo, Alessia, Valérie Massardier, Carlo Santulli, and Marco Valente. "Optimization of Thermoplastic Blend Matrix HDPE/PLA with Different Types and Levels of Coupling Agents." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122527.

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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) blends with different ratios of both polymers, namely, 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30, were produced. Polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride and a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate were also considered as compatibilizers to modify HDPE/PLA optimal blends and were added in the amounts of 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Different properties of the blends were evaluated by performing tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy to analyze blend and interfaces morphology. Moreover, thermomechanical analysis through differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy were also performed. The blend containing equal amounts of HDPE and PLA seemed to present a good balance between amount of bio-derived charge and acceptable mechanical properties. This suggests that these blends have a good potential for the production of composites with lingo-cellulosic fillers.

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Asuku, Suleiman Shuaibu, Yusuf Abubakar, Aliyu Abdulraheem, Abdulsalam Ismaila Galadima, and Abdel Malik Abdel Gaffar Amoka. "Influence of Blending on Mechanical Behavior of Low-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride." UMYU Scientifica 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.006.

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Three thermoplastic polymers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene(PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC),were synthesized from their raw pellets.Three blends of 1:1 wt.% of low-density polyethylene/polypropylene, low-density polyethylene/polyvinylchloride, polypropylene/polyvinylchloride, and one blend of 1:1:1 wt.% of low-density polyethylene/polypropylene/polyvinylchloride were produced via compression mould method using Two-roll Mill machine and Compression Mould machine. Using the Tensile Strength Tester machine, the pristine polymer and the blends were cut into dumbbell shapes for mechanical testing. The resultsobtained are 9.8MPa and 67.5% maximum stress and strain, respectively, for LDPE, 29MPa, and 12.4% maximum stress and strain, respectively, for neat PP. 25.8MPa and 35% maximum stress and strain respectively for pristine PVC, 19.2MPa and 44% maximum stress and strain respectively for LDPE/PVC blend, 19MPa and 29% maximum stress and strain respectively for LDPE/PP blend, 27.5MPa and10.75% maximum stress and strain respectively for PP/PVC, 21MPa and 10.4% maximum stress and stain respectively for LDPE/PP/PVC blend. The force at peak and the respective peak elongation are; 85.612N and 0.008387m for pristineLDPE, 344.810N and 0.004810m for pristinePP, 264.976N and 0.005496m forpristine PVC, 188.288N and 0.005980m for LDPE/PVC blend, 174.755N and 0.005109m for LDPE/PP blend, 250.196N and0.004287m for PP/PVC blend, 275.175N and 4.009mm for LDPE/PP/PVC blend. The maximum energies expended to have maximum extension are 0.71802784J (LDPE), 2.04578339J (PP), 1.70308635J (PVC), 1.12596224J (LDPE/PVC),0.8928233J (LDPE/PP), 1.50129025J (PP/PVC) and 1.10317658J (LDPE/PP/PVC). These results show improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends when compared with those of the constituent polymers. It also indicatesthat polymeric properties modification via an immiscible polymer blend is possible and easy to achieve.

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Ahmad, Mazatusziha, Mat Uzir Wahit, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, and Khairul Zaman Mohd Dahlan. "Influence of Processing Aids and Hydroxyapatite as Fillers on Flow Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene/High Density Polyethylene Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.827.

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In this study, blends of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene/high density polyethylene/polyethylene glycol (UHMWPE/HDPE/PEG) and the composites containing Hydroxyapatite (HA) as reinforcement filler were prepared via single screw extruder nanomixer followed by compression moulding. PEG (2phr) was used as processing aid and HA loadings were varied from 10 to 50 phr. HDPE and PEG were introduced to improve the extrudability of UHMWPE. Rheological behavior was studied via capillary rheometer while flexural and izod impact tests were conducted in order to investigate the mechanical properties of the blends and composites. Melt viscosity of the blends was found to decrease with increasing shear rate indicating a pseudoplastic behaviour. Incorporation of PEG shows a synergism effect on the reduction of blends viscosity. Blend of 40% UHMWPE/ 60% HDPE/ 2 phr PEG was chosen as the optimum blend composition with a balance properties in terms of the mechanical properties and processability. The incorporation of HA fillers from 10 to 50 phr into the blend resulted in the increase of flexural modulus and flexural strength with a slight decline of impact strength values. It can be concluded that the composites having adequate strength and modulus within the range of cancellous bone properties were succesfully developed to be used as biomedical implant devices.

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Atiqah, A. A. S. Maryam, Husseinsyah Salmah, Z. Firuz, and D. N. U. Lan. "Properties of Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Polypropylene Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.837.

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Polymer blending provides an efficient way to develop new materials with improved properties while preserve the primary properties of the materials at lower cost. The blends recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) with and without maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) have been investigated. The effect of different blend ratios on tensile properties, morphology and melt flow index were studied. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of both blends increased with increased of rPP in the blend ratios but the elongation at break decreased. It was found that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of compatibilized rHDPE/rPP blends higher than uncompatibilized blends. The SEM micrograph of tensile fractured surface of compatibilized blends showed better interfacial adhesion and interaction between rHDPE and rPP. The melt flow index of compatibilized blends showed better flowablity than uncompatibilized blends.

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Sabet, Maziyar, and Mohd Syafiq Bin Anuwar. "Calcium Stearate and Alumina Trihydrate Addition of Irradiated LDPE, EVA and Blends with Electron Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 290 (February 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.290.31.

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Irradiation effects on the properties of alumina trihydrate (ATH) / low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/ ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) / calcium stearate (CS) have been studied and confirmed that EVA and CS addition to the polymeric blends have improved the mechanical properties. ATH addition increased the cross-linking density and improved the blend reinforcing factor but deteriorated the blend mechanical properties. CS addition made ease the ATH dispersion inside polymer matrix. CS addition optimum value in blends was 3 phr and CS addition above 3 phr value deteriorated the blends mechanical properties.

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Quitadamo, Alessia, Valerie Massardier, and Marco Valente. "Eco-Friendly Approach and Potential Biodegradable Polymer Matrix for WPC Composite Materials in Outdoor Application." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (January 27, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3894370.

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Blends based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) with different ratios of both polymers were produced: a blend with equal amounts of HDPE and PLA, hence 50 wt.% each, proved to be a useful compromise, allowing a high amount of bioderived charge without this being too detrimental for mechanical properties and considering its possibility to biodegradation behaviour in outdoor application. In this way, an optimal blend suitable for producing a composite with cellulosic fillers is proposed. In the selected polymer blend, wood flour (WF) was added as a natural filler in the proportion of 20, 30, and 40 wt.%, considering as 100 the weight of the polymer blend matrix. There are two compatibilizers to modify both HDPE-PLA blend and wood-flour/polymer interfaces, i.e., polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride and a random copolymer of ethylene and glycidyl methacrylate. The most suitable percentage of compatibilizer for HDPE-PLA blends appears to be 3 wt.%, which was selected also for use with wood flour. In order to evaluate properties of blends and composites tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and infrared spectroscopy have been performed. Wood flour seems to affect heavy blend behaviour in process production of material suggesting that future studies are needed to reduce defectiveness.

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Shahi, Peyman, Amir Hossein Behravesh, Ali Haghtalab, Ghaus Rizvi, and Fatemeh Goharpei. "An experimental study on foaming of linear low-density polyethylene/high-density polyethylene blends." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16639033.

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In this research work, foaming behavior of selected polyethylene blends was studied in a solid-state batch process, using CO2 as the blowing agent. Special emphasis was paid towards finding a relationship between foamability and thermal and rheological properties of blends. Pure high-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and their blends with two weight fraction levels of high-density polyethylene (10 and 25%wt.) were examined. The dry blended batches were mixed using an internal mixer in a molten state, and then the disk-shaped specimens, 1.8 mm in thickness, were produced for foaming purposes. The foaming step was conducted over a wide range of temperatures (120–170℃), and the overall expansion and cellular morphology were evaluated via density measurements and captured SEM micrographs, respectively. Three-dimensional structural images were also captured using a high resolution X-ray micro CT for different foamed samples and were compared. Rheological and DSC tests for the virgin and blends were also performed to seek for a possible correlation with the formability. Based on the results, blended polyethylene foams exhibited remarkable expansion and highly enhanced cell structure compared to pure polymers. Bulk density, as low as 0.33 g/cm3, was obtained for blends, while for the virgin high-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene, bulk density lower than 0.5 g/cm3 was not attainable. The lowest density was observed at a foaming temperature of 10–20℃ above the melting (peak) temperature obtained via DSC test. Rheological characteristics, including storage modulus and cross-over frequency value, were also found to be the indicators for the materials foaming behavior. Moreover, blends with 25% wt. of high-density polyethylene exhibited the highest expansion values over a wider range of temperature compared with 90% linear low-density polyethylene/10% high-density polyethylene.

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Markovic, Gordana, Blaga Radovanovic, Jaroslava Budinski-Simendic, and Milena Marinovic-Cincovic. "Curing characteristics of chlorosulphonated polyethylene and natural rubber blends." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 5 (2005): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0505695m.

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The dependence of the Mooney scorch time and cure index on the blend ratio of chlorosulphonated polyethylene/natural rubber (CSM/SMR 20 CV) and chlorosulphonated polyethylene/chlorinated natural rubber (CSM/Pergut S 40) blends were determined in the temperature range from 120 oC to 160 oC using a Monsanto Mooney viscometer. Semi-efficient vulcanization systems were used for the study. The morphology of the fracture surface of the crosslinked systems was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the scorch time decreased with increasing SMR 20 CV and Pergut S 40 contents. This observation is attributed to the increasing solubility of sulfur, as the content of SMR 20 CV and Pergut S 40 in the composition increased. For temperatures greater than 140 oC, the dependence of the scorch time on blend ratios diminishes, as enough thermal energy is available to overcome the activation energy of vulcanization. The differing curing characteristics of the two blends is explained by the compatibility factor of the respective blend. Morphological analysis of the blends shows a very satisfactory agreement.

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Qiu, Chun-Hai, Veikko Komppa, and Arto Sivola. "Compatibilized Polyamide/Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Blends." Engineering Plastics 5, no. 6 (January 1997): 147823919700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919700500603.

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A study of the compatibilization of polyamide (PA)/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends by reactive processing has been initiated. Attention has been focused on the effect of compatibilization on the morphology and the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the resulting blend systems. A triblock copolymer, functionalized with maleic anhydride, has been found to have a profound effect on the properties of the blends. Compatibilized PA/UHMWPE blends combining the desirable properties of the two basic polymers will offer considerable development potential.

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Qiu, Chun-Hai, Veikko Komppa, and Arto Sivola. "Compatibilized Polyamide/Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Blends." Polymers and Polymer Composites 5, no. 6 (September 1997): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119700500603.

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A study of the compatibilization of polyamide (PA)/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends by reactive processing has been initiated. Attention has been focused on the effect of compatibilization on the morphology and the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the resulting blend systems. A triblock copolymer, functionalized with maleic anhydride, has been found to have a profound effect on the properties of the blends. Compatibilized PA/UHMWPE blends combining the desirable properties of the two basic polymers will offer considerable development potential.

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25

Hashmi, S. A. R., and Takeshi Kitano. "Rheology of LCP/PET Blends at Solid and Molten States of LCP." Applied Rheology 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2006-0011.

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Abstract Liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were blended in an elastic melt extruder to make samples having different volume fractions of constituent polymers. Shear stress, shear viscosity, first normal stress difference at different shear rates under steady state conditions of these blends were evaluated at two different temperatures 265 and 285˚C. The LCP was in solid state at 265˚C and in melt state at 285˚C and was dispersed in molten matrix of PET at both temperatures. Shear viscosity of blend increased with addition of LCP in PET matrix. A maxima was observed in viscosity versus composition plot. Blends containing more than 50 vol. % of LCP in the blend show higher viscosity as compared to the constituent polymers. First normal stress difference, N1, increased with LCP content in the blend at 285˚C when ploted against shear stress whereas at 265˚C this trend was opposite. The increased value of N1 with shear rate was explained assuming a tendency of asymmetric particles to rotate under velocity gradient of suspending medium. At 285˚C N1 varied with shear stress in two stages. First stage was characterized with high sensitivity of N1 with shear stress, which reduced in second stage on plastic deformation of LCP droplets.

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26

Zhang, Hongxi, and Wei Chen. "Morphology of Silicone/Organic Blends." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 832–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024284.

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Silicone materials may be incorporated into organic thermoplastic resins to provide enhanced properties. Good dispersion of silicone with plastics is believed to be one of the keys to control the applications of these multiphase blends. In this study, we investigated the morphologies of mechanically mixed silicone/organic blends using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results provide an important piece of information that the optimum silicone phase dispersion can be achieved by matching the viscosities of the blend components.Most silicone and organic polymers are thermodynamically immiscible, forming multiphase structures for their blends. For example, a blend consisting of 90 wt% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 10% low density polyethylene (LDPE) was revealed by SEM to have a multiphase structure shown in Figure 1A where the PDMS was a Dow Corning® 3-5016 silanol-terminated siloxane fluid that forms the dispersed phase and the LDPE a Dow Chemical polyethylene having a melt index of 4.

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27

Balkees M. Aldabbagh, Hanaa J. Al shimary, and Adnan R. Ahmmed. "The effect of UV – Radiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of (PP/LDPE) Blends." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 1 (February 4, 2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i1.952.

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UV-rad effected on thermal and mechanical properties (density, Shore D hardness, melt flow index, DSC) properties were studied for polypropylene (PP) blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) at different ratios (10% PP+90% LDPE), (25%PP+75%LDPE). Results shows decreasing of blend density with increasing of PP content and increasing of it after UV-RAD for (15 hr.), also Shore D hardness decreased at the first ratio of PP (10%) then it increased with increasing of PP contain. Also Shore D increases after UV rad for (15 hr.). Melt flow index (MFI) decreased after UV rad, also the UV rad leads to increasing of crystallinity regions of blends.

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28

Hammani, Salim, Sihem Daikhi, Mikhael Bechelany, and Ahmed Barhoum. "Role of ZnO Nanoparticles Loading in Modifying the Morphological, Optical, and Thermal Properties of Immiscible Polymer (PMMA/PEG) Blends." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 8453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238453.

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High-performance hybrid polymer blends can be prepared by blending different types of polymers to improve their properties. However, most polymer blends exhibit phase separation after blending. In this study, polymethylmethacrylate/polyethylene glycol (PMMA/PEG) polymer blends (70/30 and 30/70 w/w) were prepared by solution casting with and without ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) loading. The effect of loading ZnO nanoparticles on blend morphology, UV blocking, glass transition, melting, and crystallization were investigated. Without loading ZnO NP, the PMMA/PEG blends showed phase separation, especially the PEG-rich blend. Loading PMMA/PEG blend with ZnO NPs increased the miscibility of the blend and most of the ZnO NPs dispersed in the PEG phase. The interaction of the ZnO NPs with the blend polymers slightly decreased the intensity of infrared absorption of the functional groups. The UV-blocking properties of the blends increased by 15% and 20%, and the band gap energy values were 4.1 eV and 3.8 eV for the blends loaded with ZnO NPs with a PMMA/PEG ratio of 70/30 and 30/70, respectively. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by 14 °C, the crystallinity rate increased by 15%, the melting (Tm) and crystallization(Tc) temperatures increased by 2 °C and 14 °C, respectively, and the thermal stability increased by 25 °C compared to the PMMA/PEG blends without ZnO NP loading.

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29

Liu, Yongjun, Ming Zhong, Gang Liu, and Shouzhi Pu. "Formation of high-density polyethylene–poly(ethylene-octene) core–shell particles in recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) by reactive blending." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 35, no. 3 (April 21, 2019): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477760619843536.

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Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (R-PET)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene-octene) (mPOE) blends, in which the binary (HDPE/mPOE) dispersed phase was of a HDPE core-mPOE shell structure, were prepared. For this purpose, HDPE-g-mPOE graft copolymers were prepared in HDPE/mPOE blends via reactive extrusion with the presence of the free radical initiator dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Then, R-PET was blended with the HDPE/mPOE blends by melt extrusion. The effect of the DCP and mPOE content in the HDPE/mPOE blends on the phase morphology and mechanical properties of the R-PET/HDPE/mPOE blends were studied systematically. It was found that the blends containing reactive compatibilizer exhibited the encapsulation of the HDPE by the mPOE, forming core–shell particles dispersed phase morphology. The graft chains of HDPE-g-mPOE-g-PET formed by the in situ reaction between R-PET and mPOE phases reduced the interfacial tension. Consequently, the dispersed phase morphology was observed to form smaller diameter core–shell particles. The resultant blends exhibited an effect on both the thermal and mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed the dispersed phase particles could act as a nucleating agent in the R-PET matrix to improve the crystallization temperature, while the graft copolymers formed in the compatibilized R-PET/HDPE/mPOE blend decreased the nucleation activity. Notched Charpy impact strength and elongation at break of the R-PET were improved by forming the core–shell particles dispersed phase morphology.

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Lin, Richard, Debes Bhattacharyya, and S. Fakirov. "Morphology of Rotationally Moulded Microfibril Reinforced Composites and its Effect on Product Performance." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.349.

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Rotational moulding (rotomoulding) is one of the fastest growing plastics manufacturing processes using linear polyethylenes dominantly as raw materials. However, due to their modest mechanical properties, rotational moulders worldwide are keen to develop stronger and stiffer materials. In the present study, an attempt was undertaken to apply the concept of microfibril reinforced composites (MFCs) for improving the material performance. Melt blended and subsequently cold drawn and undrawn linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) with either poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(ethylene naphthalate) possessing MFC structure were mixed with neat LMDPE and thereafter processed via rotational moulding. The rotomoulded samples were characterised morphologically and tested mechanically. The obtained unsatisfactory mechanical characteristics led to the subsequent morphological study which revealed some interesting phenomena for the rotomoulded products containing MFC blends.

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31

Madhu, Gaurav, Haripada Bhunia, Pramod K. Bajpai, and Veena Chaudhary. "Mechanical and morphological properties of high density polyethylene and polylactide blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 9 (December 1, 2014): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0174.

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Abstract Polyblend films were prepared from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) up to 20% PLLA by the melt blending method in an extrusion mixer with post-extrusion blown film attachment. The 80/20 (HDPE/PLLA) blend was compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA) in varying ratios [up to 8 parts per hundred of resin (phr)]. Tensile properties of the films were evaluated to obtain optimized composition for packaging applications of both non-compatibilized and compatibilized blends. The compositions HDPE80 (80% HDPE and 20% PLLA) and HD80C4 (80% HDPE, 20% PLLA and 4 phr compatibilizer) were found to be optimum for packaging applications. However, better tensile strength (at yield) and elongation (at break) of 80/20 (HDPE/PLLA) blend were noticed in the presence of PE-g-MA. Further, thermal properties and morphologies of these blends were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study revealed that blending does not much affect the crystalline melting point of HDPE and PLLA, but heat of fusion of 80/20 (HDPE/PLLA) blend was decreased as compared to that of neat HDPE. Spectroscopy studies showed evidence of the introduction of some new groups in the blends and gaining compatibility in the presence of PE-g-MA. The compatibilizer influenced the morphology of the blends, as apparent from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).

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32

Aontee, Ajcharaporn, and Wimonlak Sutapun. "A Study of Compatibilization Effect on Physical Properties of Poly (Butylene Succinate) and High Density Polyethylene Blend." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.51.

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The aim of this research is to improve compatibility of PBS/HDPE blend using HDPE-g-MAH as a compatibilizer. The effect of HDPE-g-MAH content on mechanical and thermal properties, and degree of crystallinity of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blend was investigated. The blends were prepared at PBS/HDPE weight ratio of 30/70 and HDPE-g-MAH was used at a content of 2, 4, 6 and 8 part per hundred of PBS and HDPE. The results showed that yield strength and stress at break of PBS/HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH blends insignificantly increased with adding HDPE-g-MAH more than 2 phr. In addition, addition of HDPE-g-MAH to the binary blends led to an increase of elongation at break while Young’s modulus of blends exhibited an insignificant change. The addition of HDPE-g-MAH into PBS/HDPE blend did not affect both flexural modulus and flexural strength. In addition, unnotched impact strength of the blends greatly increased with increasing HDPE-g-MAH content and PBS/HDPE blend containing 8 phr of HDPE-g-MAH were not fractured within the instrument limit. For thermal properties, the presence of HDPE-g-MAH did not affect degradation temperature of PBS domain and HDPE matrix. HDPE-g-MAH of 8 phr markedly influenced the degree of crystallinity of the PBS and HDPE.

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33

Sabet, Maziyar, Azman Hassan, and Chantara Thevy Ratnam. "Electron-beam irradiation of low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0132.

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Abstract In this work, the properties of electron-beam irradiated low density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and blends were investigated. EVA addition had an enhancement effect on crosslinking of irradiated LDPE/EVA blends. The measured gel content increase of the blends and the improvement of thermal elongation, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal aging and heat deformation, have confirmed the positive effects of electron-beam irradiation on the blend properties. The crystallinity of the blends decreased with irradiation. The gel content and hot set tests showed that the degree of crosslinking in the amorphous regions was dependent on the dose and blend composition. Increasing the EVA content resulted in tighter network structures. A significant improvement in the tensile strength of the neat EVA samples was obtained upon electron-beam irradiation up to 210 kGy. The irradiated LDPE/EVA blends showed improved tensile strength and elongation at break, when compared to LDPE. The enhanced irradiation crosslinking of the LDPE/EVA blends was proportional to the good compatibility and the increasing degree of the amorphous region’s content of the LDPE/EVA blends. The possible degradation mechanism of LDPE/EVA blends was discussed quantitatively with a novel method step analysis process of irradiated LDPE/EVA blends in the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) technique. It was found, with measuring thermal conductivity (k) and specific heat capacity (Cp) of the blends, that the k values of the LDPE samples at a prescribed temperature range decreased with increasing irradiation. An increase in the crystallinity led to an increase in the k values and a decrease in the Cp values of the LDPE samples. Irradiation below 150 kGy decreased the Cp (at 40°C) and k in average values, whereas increasing the EVA made enhanced the Cp and k values of LDPE/EVA blends at each irradiation. The surface resistance and volume resistivity (VR) of the blends reached a maximum at a 170 kGy irradiation and 30 wt% of EVA. Increasing the amount of EVA contents resulted in enhancement of the dielectric loss factor for the irradiated blends.

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Aontee, Ajcharaporn, and Wimonlak Sutapun. "Effect of Blend Ratio on Phase Morphology and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Poly (Butylene Succinate) Blend." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.555.

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In this work, the effect of HDPE and PBS blend ratio on mechanical properties and phase morphology of the blend was investigated. HDPE/PBS blends were prepared at HDPE content of 20, 30, and 40 wt.% via melt mixing process and then molded using an injection machine. HDPE/PBS blend was an immiscible blend with a type of dispersed in matrix morphology and coalescence phase morphology depending on HDPE content. The blend morphology of 20 wt.% HDPE/PBS blend was a type of spherical domain dispersed in the PBS matrix. As increase HDPE content, the dispersed HDPE particles became larger and the shape turned into worm-like and elongated structure. In addition, at 40 wt.% HDPE, coalescence phase morphology was obtained. It was found that the PBS blends containing 30-40 wt.% HDPE did not show yield point; they exhibited brittle failure behavior. For tensile properties, yield strength and stress at break of HDPE/PBS blend gradually decreased with increasing HDPE content. However, addition of HDPE into PBS matrix resulted in an increase of Youngs modulus of the PBS blend. Impact strength of the blends was much lower than that of neat PBS but the impact strength of the blend insignificant changed with 30-40 wt.% HDPE comparing to that with 20 wt.% HDPE.

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35

Koseki, Yasuaki, Moo Sung Lee, and C. W. Macosko. "Encapsulation in Ternary Elastomer Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538780.

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Abstract Ternary elastomer blends of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chlorinated polyethylene (CM), and ethylene-propylene rubber (EP) have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Especially the effect of comonomer content, chlorine in CM and acrylonitrile in NBR, on blend morphology is studied. The blend ratio of NBR/CM/EP is fixed at 10/20/70 by weight: EP acts as matrix and NBR and CM comprise dispersed phases. TEM observation is possible without staining due to a natural contrast between NBR and CM. From TEM micrographs it is clear that NBR/CM/EP blends show encapsulated structures. Which component will be the encapsulating layer depends on comonomer contents. For blends containing high acrylonitrile content (NBR46), CM forms the encapsulating layer; whereas, for blends with low acrylonitrile (NBR16), NBR16 encapsulates CM. The encapsulation behavior of NBR/CM/EP blends is interpreted in terms of a spreading coefficient concept combined with solubility parameter and melt viscosity differences between NBR and CM. Our calculation based on simple thermodynamic considerations explains the morphology observed in this study except for the NBR16/CM29/EP blend.

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36

Alzarzouri, Fadi, and Fawaz Deri. "Evaluation of Die Swell Behavior During Capillary Extrusion of Poly(lactic acid)/ High density polyethylene Blend Melts." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 3 (April 29, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i3.387.

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Poly lactic acid (PLA) and High density polyethylene (HDPE) have been blended in a Brabender plastograph in the molten state. The melt die swell of the blends has been studied by using a capillary rheometer. Effects of the capillary dimensions, shear stress, shear rate, temperature and blending ratio on die swell of PLA/HDPE blend melts were investigated. The results showed that die swell ratio decreased with increasing of capillary length and temperature while it increased with increasing of shear stress, shear rate and capillary diameter. It was also found that the plots of die swell versus blending ratio go through a maximum for blending ratio PLA/HDPE (60/40).

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37

Sam, S. T., N. Z. Noriman, S. Ragunathan, and H. Ismail. "Tensile Properties LLDPE/Soya Spent Powder Blends: Oven Aging." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.429.

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Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya spent powder blends with different blends ratio were prepared by using internal mixer. Soya spent powder was varied from 5 to 40 wt. The thermal degradability was assessed by subjecting the dumbbell sample to oven aging. Thermal aging was carried out for 5 weeks. The degradability was measured by the periodic change in tensile properties of the blend samples. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the blends reduced as increasing the aging time. The effect of degradation was obvious in higher soya spent powder blends.

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38

George, Josephine, N. R. Neelakantan, K. T. Varughese, and Sabu Thomas. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene and Nitrile Rubber Blends: Effect of Blend Ratio, Compatibilization and Filler Incorporation." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 78, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 286–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547884.

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Abstract Blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were prepared by a melt blending technique. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that elastic modulus has a strong dependence on blend ratio. Loss factor peaks increase with increase in rubber content. Pure components exhibit single Tg whereas two Tgs can be observed in the blends indicating incompatibility between the constituents. Loss modulus data also give similar information. The addition of compatibilizer has only a marginal effect on tan δ peak corresponding to the transitions in NBR. The elastic modulus values of the compatibilized blends are slightly higher than that of incompatible blends. In dynamically vulcanized blends the Tg due to α-relaxation of NBR is increased in blends containing a high concentration of rubber phase. In filled blends the elastic modulus showed significant increase over unfilled system. Also, the damping factor is enhanced by filler incorporation indicating that such materials could find application in vibration dampers. The suitability of various theoretical models in predicting the blend moduli is examined. The Takayanagi model fits well with the experimental data in unfilled blends.

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39

Enaid, Abduati Salem Abrahem, and Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab. "Thermal Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch/Banana Fiber Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.13.

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The effect of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and banana fiber contents on thermal characteristics of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix were investigated. The measurements from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), proved the effectiveness of TPS and banana fiber in improving the blend degradation. On the other hand the LLDPE/TPS/banana fiber composites showed better thermal stability than the LLDPE/TPS blend, which is reflected to the LLDPE chains movement restriction. The incorporation of banana fiber into the LLDPE/TPS blends was found to interfere with the chains movement and resulting in more thermally stable and improving the blends stiffness.

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40

Radusch, Hans Joachim, Igor Kolesov, Uwe Gohs, and Gert Heinrich. "Multiple Shape-Memory Behavior of Polyethylene/Polycyclooctene Blends Cross-Linked by Electron Irradiation." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.307.

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Comparative investigation of the thermo-induced unconstrained shape-memory (SM) recovery of a multi-phase semi-crystalline covalent network was performed using cross-linked polyolefin based blends of linear high density polyethylene (HDPE) and/or short-chain branched ethylene octen copolymers (EOC) as well as polycyclooctene (polyoctenamer, TOR). Different phase morphologies of the blends were generated by variation of blend composition and different pathways for sample preparation: Melt mixing of blends, compression molding of films, slowly cooling or quenching of films and subsequent cross-linking by electron irradiation at room temperature. Partly well developed triple- and quadruple SM behavior after one-step programming process was demonstrated for binary and ternary HDPE/EOC/TOR blends, which exhibit a morphology with segregated phases, where the matrix has the lower melting and correspondingly switching temperature (Tm and Tsw) in comparison to the disperse phases. These blends show pronounced steps of SM strain recovery and storage modulus as well as distinct DSC melting peaks. The peaks of SM recovery rate are located in the Tm range of the blend phases. The quenching procedure resulted in a better phase separation at nano-level and correspondingly in a more pronounced triple-shape behavior of the blends. All HDPE/EOC/TOR blends showed high values of strain fixing and strain recovery ratios of 95 to 99 %.

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41

Oral, Mehmet A., Osman G. Ersoy, and Ersin İ. Serhatli. "Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends on dimensional stability, morphological, physical and mechanical properties and after aging at elevated temperature." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 34, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 394–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087918768348.

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A melt blending method was used to prepare acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer and polyethylene terephthalate blends to develop a new blend which can withstand higher temperatures required especially for automotive or home appliance paint curing processes. Blends were characterized by rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Dimensional stability at 125°C was used to correlate with injection molded part shrinkage. The melt viscosity–composition curves for acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/polyethylene terephthalate blends exhibited a trend like the rule of mixtures in which adding acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene to polyethylene terephthalate improved the processability. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed different morphologies depending on the composition such as dispersed, co-continuous and phase inverted, which indicated that the binary blends were immiscible and form a two-phase structure. Tensile properties increased with an increase in the polyethylene terephthalate content while the unnotched impact strength reached a maximum at 40 wt.% acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene content. In differential scanning calorimetry analysis, no partial miscibility was observed from the polyethylene terephthalate phase melting temperature shifts as compared to those of the neat component. Also, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene phases acted as nucleating agents due to change in polyethylene terephthalate cold crystallization temperature. In applied post shrinkage measurements by heat aging, we saw that the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene dimensional stability was improved with added polyethylene terephthalate.

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42

Ronkay, Ferenc, László Mészáros, Gábor Jánoki, and Tibor Czvikovszky. "The Effect of Pre-Electron Beam Irradiation of HDPE on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/PET Blends." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.85.

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The effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) on polyethylene-terephthalate (PET)/HDPE blends has been investigated. The HDPE component was radiation treated before the blend was melt mixed. Although the radiation treatment of HDPE component with 50-200 kGy caused some decrease in the tensile strength and elasticity modulus, the maximum tensile elongation of the blend showed a significant increase (+40%) at optimum dose (100 kGy). The DSC results and the scanning electron microscope images of the fracture surfaces also showed the benefit of a 100 kGy EB-dose in the connection the otherwise thermodynamically incompatible part of the blend.

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43

Mirjalili, Fereshteh, Siamak Moradian, and Farhad Ameri. "Enhancing the Dyeability of Polypropylene Fibers by Melt Blending with Polyethylene Terephthalate." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/468542.

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Attempts were made to modify polypropylene fibers by melt blending with polyethylene terephthalate in order to enhance the dyeability of the resultant fiber. Five blends of polypropylene/polyethylene terephthalate/compatibilizer were prepared and subsequently spun into fibers. Three disperse dyes were used to dye such modified fibers at boiling and 130°C. The dyeing performance of the blend fibers, as well as the morphological, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties, of the corresponding blends was characterized by means of spectrophotometry, polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile testing.

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44

Guo, Jing, and Nan Li. "Polyamide as a Matrix for the Creation of Form-Stable Phase Change Materials." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.414.

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Phase change materials (PCMs) with storing and releasing energy properties have been widely used in lots of fields such as solar energy storing, smart housing, thermo-regulated fibers, and agricultural greenhouse. Here, PCMs based on polyamide 6 (PA6) blended with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was studied. In order to improve the compatibility between PA6 and PEG, a PA6-PEG block copolymer was synthesized and added to the blends. The structure and properties of the block copolymer were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optics microscope (OM). The results of DSC analysis showed that tThe copolymer block is phase separated. DSC results also showed that the phase transition temperature of the blend is different from that of pure PEG, indicating the interaction occurrence between PEG and PA6 by using PA6-PEG block copolymer, the latent heat of PEG/PA6 blend increased with the mass percent of PEG. The results of tThermal cycling tests showed that the blend as a PCM has good long-term thermal reliability.

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45

Cundiff, Gary T., Daniel B. Reynolds, and Thomas C. Mueller. "Evaluation of Dicamba Persistence among Various Agricultural Hose Types and Cleanout Procedures Using Soybean (Glycine max) as a Bio-Indicator." Weed Science 65, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2016.29.

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Synthetic rubbers, synthetic plastic polymers (polyvinyl chlorides [PVC]), polyurethane blends, and polyethylene blends make up modern-day agricultural spray hoses. The objective of this study was to determine whether agricultural hose types would differ with respect to 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) sequestration. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the sequestration potential of dicamba within five agricultural hose types when cleaned with different cleanout procedures. Rinsate solutions were applied to soybean, which was used as a bio-indicator to test for cleanout efficiency. Differences among hose types and cleanout procedures exist with observations including soybean injury, height reduction, dry matter, yield, and part per million by volume (ppmv) analyte retained. The makeup of PVC polyurethane-blend and synthetic rubber–blend hoses increased retention of dicamba analyte when compared with the polyethylene blend hose. No differences were observed after the addition of ammonia to the cleanout solution when compared with water alone. Differences in a hose type’s ability to sequester the dicamba analyte may have more to do with the hose’s internal chemical composition, manufacturing process, and composition breakdown. Scanning electron microscopy revealed imperfections in new PVC polyurethane and synthetic rubber hoses that eventually lead to inner wall depletion of these hose types. This is in contrast to what was found in the polyethylene-blend hose type, in which the inner wall is smooth and free of imperfections.

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Beleška, Kęstutis, Virgilijus Valeika, Virginija Jankauskaite, and Violeta Valeikiene. "Properties of Films Prepared as Packaging Plastics from Blends of Synthetic Polymer and Biopolymer." Defect and Diffusion Forum 394 (August 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.394.85.

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Natural biopolymers were studied for their possible role as biodegradable fillers forlow-density polyethylene (LDPE) films. LDPE/biopolymer blends and films were prepared andcharacterized by the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile test. The addition of biopolymer to LDPEreduced the MFI values, the tensile strength and modulus, whereas the elongation at break increased.Interfacial interaction was better for LDPE/biopolymer blends containing soybean oil. Blendsprepared with oil showed the same behaviour as LDPE/biopolymer blends, indicating thatbiopolymer was the main factor that influenced the properties of blend.

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Arman Alim, Aina Aqila, Azizah Baharum, Siti Salwa Mohammad Shirajuddin, and Farah Hannan Anuar. "Blending of Low-Density Polyethylene and Poly(Butylene Succinate) (LDPE/PBS) with Polyethylene–Graft–Maleic Anhydride (PE–g–MA) as a Compatibilizer on the Phase Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020261.

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It is of significant concern that the buildup of non-biodegradable plastic waste in the environment may result in long-term issues with the environment, the economy and waste management. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was compounded with different contents of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) at 10–50 wt.%, to evaluate the potential of replacing commercial plastics with a biodegradable renewable polymer, PBS for packaging applications. The morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of the LDPE/PBS blends were examined in relation to the effect of polyethylene–graft–maleic anhydride (PE–g–MA) as a compatibilizer. LDPE/PBS/PE–g–MA blends were fabricated via the melt blending method using an internal mixer and then were compression molded into test samples. The presence of LDPE, PBS and PE–g–MA individually in the matrix for each blend presented physical interaction between the constituents, as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of LDPE/PBS/PE–g–MA blends showed improved compatibility and homogeneity between the LDPE matrix and PBS phase. Compatibilized LDPE/PBS blends showed an improvement in the tensile strength, with 5 phr of compatibilizer providing the optimal content. The thermal stability of LDPE/PBS blends decreased with higher PBS content and the thermal stability of compatibilized blends was higher in contrast to the uncompatibilized blends. Therefore, our research demonstrated that the partial substitution of LDPE with a biodegradable PBS and the incorporation of the PE–g–MA compatibilizer could develop an innovative blend with improved structural, mechanical and thermal properties.

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Chen, Yi, Yue Peng, Wen Yong Liu, Guang Sheng Zeng, Xiang Gang Li, and Xue Hui Yan. "Study on the Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of PC/PLA/LLDPE/ Montmorillonite Blends." Advanced Materials Research 739 (August 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.739.38.

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Polycarbonate/poly (lactic acid)/(PC/PLA) blend is a kind of novel potential material for introducing the degradability of PLA to high performance PC. However, the bad compatibility between PC and PLA results in poor impact resistance and strength, which limits its applications. For resolving the problem, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was added into blend to improve the mechanical properties, especially the toughness. Meantime, nanosized montmorillonite was also used as an additive for modifying the blend. The results showed that the the tensile and impact strength, the elongation at break of PC/PLA all be improved with the increase of LLDPE, the nanosized montmorillonite could also increase the strength of blends when the content is lower than wt5% of blends.

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Kofinas, Peter, Peter L. Drzal, and Adel F. Halasa. "Orientation Texture and Gas Transport in Semicrystalline Block Copolymer Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 918–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538842.

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Abstract The shear-induced morphologies produced by plane strain compression, using a channel die, were investigated in semicrystalline ethylene/ethylene-propylene (E/EP/E and E/EP) block copolymers blended with semicrystalline low density polyethylene and amorphous polyisoprene homopolymers. Two dimensional small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to determine the lamellar orientation relative to the specimen boundaries. Using a cooling rate of 0.27 °C/s and a load of 9.2 MPa, a normal to the plane of shear microstructure orientation texture was produced in the blends. The E homopolymer chains co-crystallize within the confinement of the oriented microphase separated E block copolymer domains. The long period spacing of the oriented microphase separated E/EP block microstructure remained unchanged, while the spacing associated with the crystallization of the E chains increased with increasing weight percent of E homopolymer in the blend. Gas permeability coefficients for He and CO2 were measured for isotropic and oriented blends. The separation properties of these polymer systems was altered by changing the mechanism of gas transport. A selective solvent was used to develop a uniform porous structure in the oriented blend morphologies. The semicrystalline block copolymer blend structure oriented perpendicular to the direction and normal to the plane of shear presents the opportunity to create a high flux porous structure, while keeping the pores of nanometer dimensions, thus providing some selectivity and retaining mechanical strength.

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Ting, Sam Sung, Norsri Kurniati Achmad, Hanafi Ismail, Ragunathan Santiagoo, and Nik Noriman Zulkepli. "Thermal degradation of high-density polyethylene/soya spent powder blends." Journal of Polymer Engineering 35, no. 5 (June 1, 2015): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0095.

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Abstract This study investigates the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with different soya spent powder (SSP) blend contents upon oven aging. The aged properties of the HDPE/SSP blends were studied by using tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) decreased inversely proportional to SSP content and aging period. The thermal stability of the blends was significantly reduced after 21 days of aging. After aging, the melting temperature and crystallinity of the blends decreased with increasing aging period. These results revealed that samples with higher SSP content are more brittle upon oven aging.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyethylends blends'

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