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Academic literature on the topic 'Polyesters aliphatiques – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyesters aliphatiques – Synthèse (chimie)"
Nasr, Kifah. "Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of polyesters by step-growth polymerization : a promising approach towards a greener synthetic pathway." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR030.
Full textEnzyme-catalyzed polymerization have been witnessing a growing attention in recent years as an eco-friendly substitute to metal-based catalysis. The objective of our work is to synthesize a series of polyesters via enzymatic catalysis based on different aliphatic and aromatic diols and diesters, where we focused on the influence of reaction parameters, monomer structures, and depicted the advantages and limitation of enzymatic catalysis in polymer synthesis. The enzyme used throughout our work was Novozym 435, a lipase from Candida antarctica, immobilized on an acrylic resin. In Chapter 1, we reviewed the different methods and approaches used in the literature to synthesize polymers via enzymatic catalysis. In Chapter 2, we performed the reaction between hexane-1,6-diol and diethyl adipate via a two-step polycondensation approach where we monitored the effect of certain parameters on the number average molecular weight (Mn). The influence of temperature, vacuum, and the amount of enzyme loading were determined using a central composite design. Other factors such as the reaction media, oligomerization time, and catalyst recyclability were also assessed. In Chapter 3 furan-based copolyesters were synthesized, where we showed that we can incorporate higher amounts of furan when using aliphatic diols with longer chains such as dodecane-1,12-diol. In Chapter 4, levoglucosan, an anhydrous 6-carbon ring structure and a pyrolysis product of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose, was reacted against different chain length diesters in the presence of aliphatic diols and Novozym 435 as a catalyst. The polyesters produced were limited in their number average molecular weight (Mn) and the amount of levoglucosan that was successfully incorporated into the polymeric structure. Nevertheless, by increasing the chain length of the diester, we were able to produce a copolymer containing higher amounts of levoglucosan and a higher molecular weight
Blanquer, Sébastien. "Synthèses et étude de nouveaux copolymères pour la visualisation de dispositifs médicaux en imagerie par résonance magnétique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20003/document.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is currently the visualization technique that surgeons preferentially choose. However this technique does not allow the visualization of polymer-based prosthesis, whether they are degradable or not. In order to best assess adhesion, tissue integration and the future of implantation of these polymer prosthesis, it would be advisable to make them visible in IRM. This work presents the conception and the synthesis of biocompatible copolymers visible in IRM meant to be implanted under the form of prosthesis for temporary or permanent applications. Using the chemical modification in alpha position of ester function, previously described by our laboratory, we grafted a gadolinium chelate, in a covalent way and forming a stable bond on PCL (degradable) and PMA (non degradable) backbone. Gadolinium was then complexed by DTPA previously grafted. Those new copolymers were characterized with NMR and SEC, and the rate of gadolinium was assessed by ICP-MS. MRI images were taken in vitro and in vivo on devices containing 7-Teslas (research) and 1,5 Teslas (clinical) magnets. These images show a poly(propylene) mesh coated with grafted copolymer containing complex gadolinium which is visible in MRI. It will consequently improve the prospects of applications for this kind of MRI-visible compound
Honoré, Jean-Claude. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux acétals de cétènes cycliques pour l’obtention de polyesters aliphatiques fonctionnalisés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0045.
Full textAliphatic polyesters represent one of the most widely used families of polymers in many fields. Their (bio)-degradation properties make them very interesting materials for environmental or biomedical applications. Obtained traditionally by polycondensation, biosynthesis or by Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP), these processes do not easily allow the realization of materials combining degradability and properties of polymers derived from vinyl monomers. The use of specific monomers, Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA), allows by Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (r-ROP) to obtain aliphatic polyesters with interesting degradation properties.This PhD work consist in the design of biodegradable and functional aliphatic polyesters. For this, we first showed that it is possible to easily obtain these functional aliphatic polyesters by copolymerization of CKA with vinyl ethers (VE) having functions of interest and synthesized beforehand. Then, the use of commercial divinyl ethers has made it possible to obtain crosslinked (bio)-degradable materials having mechanical and biological properties compatible with an application in tissue engineering, and in particular in cardiac therapy
Robert, Carine. "Synthèse Tandem de Polyesters alternés à partir de Ressources Renouvelables." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00830370.
Full textBriffaud, Thierry. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polyoxadiazoles-1,3,4." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10017.
Full textWang, Hanbin. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvellespolycétones aliphatiques à partir des cétènes." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973486.
Full textTardy, Antoine. "Limites et potentiels de la polymérisation radicalaire par ouverture de cycle pour la synthèse de polyesters." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4714/document.
Full textThe Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (R-ROP) is a synthetic pathway to introduce chemical functions into a polymer backbone due to an addition-fragmentation mechanism. Using specific monomers like Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA) in the right conditions allows preparing aliphatic polyesters which have numerous applications thanks to their (bio)degradability. This method has been quite faintly investigated since the 1980s and even if it has a great potential, it suffers of numerous limitations. This PhD work consisted in the understanding of those limitations to try bringing solutions to them, with a combined approach of experiments and theory.We first demonstrated that the exclusive preparation of polyesters comes from a kinetic competition. The behavior of the distinct monomers is explained by orbital interactions depending on the geometry, flexibility and substitution of the cycles. Then, we highlighted the extremely difficult propagation of the monomers propagating with stabilized aromatic radicals. This low reactivity inherent to the electron-rich double link of the CKAs is also the cause of low polyester introduction during the copolymerization with usual vinyl monomers. We took advantage of the CKA copolymerization rationalization to realize statistical and alternate copolymerizations. At last, the study of the nitroxide mediated R-ROP demonstrated the occurrence of side reactions characteristic of this system that allow at present a partial control of the polymerization
Adhami, Wissal. "Synthèse verte de polymères dans un système en flux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R037.
Full textGreen chemistry is an attractive field which has evolved over the past twenty years and aims to develop products that do not harm the environment using eco-responsible syntheses. This work focuses on the green synthesis of polyesters which are considered as important synthetic polymers due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Polyesters are obtained by two main routes: polymerization by polycondensation of diacids with diols which is the most widely used route, and polymerization by ring opening of lactones, lactides or cyclic carbonate (Ring Opening Polymerization, ROP). Polycondensation requires harsh reaction conditions to promote the condensation reaction by removing a water molecule between the acid and alcohol functional groups in order to achieve high conversions. Recently, flow synthesis techniques have allowed better control of organic synthesis and polymerization reactions. We have studied the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) of lactones using Novozym® 435 lipase as a catalyst immobilized on porous flow beads to develop controlled polymerization that respects the principles of green chemistry. The porous beads were introduced into a tubular reactor made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an internal diameter = 1.55 mm. We were able to polymerize ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) with a 100 % conversion rate (conv) and a dispersity (Đ) of 1.3 and δ-valerolactone (δ-VL) (conv = 93%, Đ = 1.27 respectively). Copolymers have also been synthesized. We have also studied the catalysis of ring-opening polymerization by phosphazenes which are organic superbases. The basicity of phosphazene governs the reaction: the highest basicity lead to the highest yield in spite of poorer dispersity. The best yields were obtained using P4-t-Bu (pK = 41.9) as catalyst for polymerizing ε-CL and δ-VL at room temperature, with values of 96% and 93% respectively. When P2-t-Bu (pK = 33.5) was used, a lower conversion of 45% was obtained but with a very good dispersity Đ = 1.08. We also worked on polycondensation using new organic catalysts with hydrophobic parts in their structures allowing the elimination of water or alcohol co-products which limit the course of the reaction. Thus we have studied the polycondensation between diols and diacids or diesters catalyzed by diphenylammonium triflate (DPAT) or pentafluorophenylammonium triflate (PFPAT) in batch. We obtained oligomers by polyesterification between succinic acid and butanediol using DPAT or PFPAT as catalysts with conversions of 76% and 67% respectively. Finally, we investigated photo-induced atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a flow system using Eosin Y, an inexpensive organic compound that absorbs in the green (530 nm) to catalyze the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) which can be synthesized with a 91% conversion rate and a dispersity Đ of 1.42. The lively appearance of these polymers has been demonstrated by the success of subsequent copolymerizations. In conclusion, we have shown that flow chemistry allows polymer synthesis with better control of polymerization compared to flask synthesis. This better control makes it possible to obtain polymers with high yield, low dispersity and a molar mass close to the theoretical value
Egly, Julien. "Synthèse de complexes métalliques et leurs applications en polymérisation de polyesters, en catalyse et en photo-physique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE033.
Full textIn a project carried out in close collaboration with a chemical industry, the initial problem was to develop new titanium-based industrial polycondensation catalysts for the production of polyethylene terephthalate. The valorization of TiCl3OEt, an industrial by-product, allowed the development of a series of polycondensation catalysts. Polymerization results indicate that most of our catalyst systems are as good as or better than commercial catalysts. In parallel, we have been interested in the synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes to catalyze the oxidative double dehydrogenation reaction of primary amine to nitrile. In a first step, we noticed that the [Ru(p-cym)Cl2]2 complex was capable of converting primary amines into nitriles, without the addition of additional ligand or additives. In order to improve yields and selectivity, we synthesized several original ruthenium(II) complexes stabilized by a bidendate NHC-thioether ligand. Finally, in order to enhance the value of phosphines produced in the laboratory, we were interested in the preparation of copper(I) complexes. The synthesis, by mechanochemistry, allowed us to quickly obtain the corresponding dinuclear complexes with good yields. The different complexes all exhibit intense solid-state photoluminescence with good quantum yields
Poupon, Andy. "Synthèse d’oligoesters biosourcés pour application en formulation vernis à ongles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R026.
Full textIn order to satisfy the consumer, the major groups from the cosmetic field wish to sell fully biobased nail polish, without loss of performance. Currently, most components of nail polishes can be biobased. However, the secondary film-forming agent, also called resin, remains an obstacle for the production of fully biobased performants nail polishes. This is the aim of this thesis: the development of a fully biobased resin leading to similar performances to the ones reached with their current oilbased equivalents. So, biobased oligoesters have been synthesized with isosorbide and 1,2-propanediol as diols and combination of carboxylic acids. Two different polyesterification processes have been studied. First, the synthesis of oligoesters has been carried out in one step by the modification of an industrial biobased resin which leads to a nail polish showing a lack of hardness and brightness. This incorporation of isosorbide has increased the Tg of these oligoesters. However, their formulation in nitrocellulose solution has produced cloudy solutions contrary to the oil based resins which have produced clear ones. This heterogeneity has been attributed to the presence of significant quantity of residual monomers, essentially isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and also may be to the insolubility of oligoesters in esters solvent due to their higher polarity. Therefore, those formulations have led to coatings with poor properties in terms of adhesion, brightness and hardness. The sequencing of the polymerization in two steps combined to the modification of hydroxy:acid ratio have improved the conversion of isosorbide and other monomers, leading to clear solutions during their formulation. Coatings made from these oligoesters mixed with nitrocellulose solution have exhibited better properties, similar to the coatings made with oilbased resin. But their use in a nail polish model formulation have showed poor properties. This decrease was attributed to the higher polarity of the oligoester and so, their lower solubility in ester solvents. Therefore, an additional biobased solvent more polar has been added to this model formulation to increase its polarity. This addition has led to an increase of the brightness bringing the properties closer to those obtained with oil based resins