Journal articles: 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons'

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Gao, Jiayi, Xingyue Li, Yuanyuan Zheng, Qian Qin, and Di Chen. "Recent Advances in Sample Preparation and Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Detecting Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oils: 2010 to Present." Foods 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111714.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are considered to be potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic to humans. For non-smoking populations, food is the main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure. Due to their lipophilic nature, oils and fats rank among the food items with the highest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content. Consequently, the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils is critical for the promotion of human health. This paper reviews sample pretreatment methods, such as liquid-phase-based extraction methods, adsorbent-based extraction methods, and the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, combined with detection techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatography-based techniques for accurate quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils since 2010. An overview on the advances of the methods discussed herein, along with a commentary addition of current challenges and prospects, will guide researchers to focus on developing more effective detection methods and control measures to reduce the potential risks and hazards posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Byambaa, Batdelger, Lu Yang, Atsushi Matsuki, Edward Nagato, Khongor Gankhuyag, Byambatseren Chuluunpurev, Lkhagvajargal Banzragch, Sonomdagva Chonokhuu, Ning Tang, and Kazuichi Hayakawa. "Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 2, 2019): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030442.

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The purpose of this study was to identify pollution sources by characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from total suspended particles in Ulaanbaatar City. Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in total suspended particle samples collected from different sites, such as the urban center, industrial district and ger (Mongolian traditional house) areas, and residential areas both in heating (January, March), and non-heating (September) periods in 2017. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration ranged between 131 and 773 ng·m−3 in winter, 22.2 and 530.6 ng·m−3 in spring, and between 1.4 and 54.6 ng·m−3 in autumn. Concentrations of specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene were higher in the ger area in winter and spring seasons, and the pyrene concentration was dominant in late summer in the residential area. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations in the ger area were particularly higher than the other sites, especially in winter. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ratios indicated that vehicle emissions were likely the main source at the city center in the winter time. Mixed contributions from biomass, coal, and petroleum combustion were responsible for the particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution at other sampling sites during the whole observation period. The lifetime inhalation cancer risk values in the ger area due to winter pollution were estimated to be 1.2 × 10−5 and 2.1 × 10−5 for child and adult exposures, respectively, which significantly exceed Environmental Protection Agency guidelines.

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Chen, Yuan-Yuei, Tung-Wei Kao, Chung-Ching Wang, Chen-Jung Wu, Yi-Chao Zhou, and Wei-Liang Chen. "Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and bone turnover in adults." European Journal of Endocrinology 182, no. 3 (March 2020): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-19-0750.

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Background Cigarette smoking is a risk factor of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Tobacco smoke contains several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, we hypothesized that environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with bone loss and fracture risk. The present study examined the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and bone turnover in the general adult population. Methods A total of 1408 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2006) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The levels of urinary N-telopeptide and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which are biomarkers of bone resorption and formation, respectively, were assessed. Meanwhile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure was evaluated using the concentrations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. The association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures and N-telopeptide, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels was assessed using a multivariate linear regression model. Results All polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites except 3-phenanthrene were significantly associated with increased N-telopeptide levels (P < 0.05) after adjustment of relevant covariables. However, no significant relationship was observed between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels. This relationship remained significant after the participants were assessed according to sex (P < 0.05). Additionally, all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites showed a positive association with N-telopeptide levels in participants aged <60 years (P < 0.05). Conclusion Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with increased bone resorption among the general adult population in the United States. Further studies must assess the potential mechanisms associated with the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on bone loss.

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Li, Lijie, Wenjuan Niu, Hongbin Cong, Haibo Meng, Zhiyou Niu, Xiuli Shen, Licong Cao, and Xianrui Kong. "Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis of corn stover pellet." BioResources 18, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 2112–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.18.1.2112-2136.

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The release characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the pyrolysis of biomass remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of pyrolysis temperature on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release characteristics by analyzing both the transient vapor products and the physicochemical properties of corresponding biochar from the pyrolysis of corn stover pellets. The results revealed that the transient volatile compounds mainly included phenols, ketones, acids, furans, aldehydes, substances containing benzene ring, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and gaseous products. A range of 2 to 4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were generated at 400 to 700 °C with the peak at 560 °C, and the sum of relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 0.23% to 40.36%. For the biochar, the carbonization stage (400 to 700 °C) of corn stover pellets was further divided into three evolutionary stages, including the preliminary carbonization stage (380 to 480 °C), amorphous carbon structure stage (480 to 600 °C), and the stage of dehydrogenation and growth of aromatic rings (600 to 700 °C).The relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon release in volatile compounds and H/C ratio of the biochar could be described by a power function.

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N, Hedid. "Fungal Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)." Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry International Journal 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/macij-16000192.

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For many years, PAHs have been the subject of intense controversy throughout the world, due to their high toxicity and their presence in almost all environmental media. Their hazardous nature has given rise to a number of legal requirements throughout the world aimed at effectively reducing their content in foodstuffs and certain everyday consumer products. However, technologies for remediating PAH-contaminated soils use chemical and mechanical approaches that are extremely costly and not very environmentally friendly. That's why research is currently focusing on biological approaches that can provide effective, low-cost treatment for PAH-contaminated soils, and avoid environmental repercussions as far as possible. The aim of this paper is to shed light on a biological approach to the treatment of PAHs that is still in its infancy, but which is already showing great promise: biodegradation by fungi, which differ from other organisms in that they secrete enzymes that give them the ability to feed in environments inaccessible to other kingdoms, and to absorb toxic PAH chemicals from the soil and transform them into less harmful compounds.

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Al-Trawneh, Salah A. "Kinetic study on the adsorption of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using dinitrodiphenyldiquinoline adsorbent." Journal of Chemical Research 47, no. 2 (March 2023): 174751982311689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17475198231168949.

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In this study, a dinitrodiphenyldiquinoline derivative is synthesized, purified, and characterized, and its adsorptive ability is examined for the first time. Twelve common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are chosen as potential adsorbates for removal by using dinitrodiphenyldiquinoline as an adsorbent surface. The adsorptive capacity and the efficiency of removal depend on several variables such as adsorbent dose, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon initial concentration, pH, and contact time. This paper summarizes the adsorbent parameters and the kinetic models that can optimize and describe the adsorption process used to treat aqueous solutions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Experimentally, the optimum adsorbent dose, the initial concentration, and contact time are found to be 0.1 g, 1 ppm, and 60 min, respectively. Mathematical treatment of the adsorption data reveals that the adsorption of all the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by dinitrodiphenyldiquinoline adopted a pseudo second-order adsorption model. As a result, the dinitrodiphenyldiquinoline derivative is found to be a very good adsorbent surface for several hazardous organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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C, Molua O., Ukpene A. O, Onyeyela N. K, and Emagbetere J. U. "Characterizing the Sorption and Accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Spider Webs: A Physics-Based Approach." International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering, no. 11 (September 26, 2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijrise.11.28.38.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely present indoor air contaminants with inherent health hazards. The current study looks into the physical processes that cause polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to stick to and build up in spider webs. Using controlled experiments and mathematical modelling, our objective is to establish a comprehensive comprehension of the physics underlying the process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) adsorption on spider silk. This study exhibits potential for improving passive monitoring systems to evaluate indoor air quality.

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Kryzevicius, Zilvinas, Kristina Mickuviene, Martynas Bucas, Monika Vilkiene, and Audrone Zukauskaite. "Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the brackish sea water column: ex situ experiment." PeerJ 8 (October 27, 2020): e10087. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10087.

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Background Oil spills can cause severe damage within a marine ecosystem. Following a spill, the soluble fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is rapidly released into the water column. These remain dissolved in seawater over an extended period of time, even should the insoluble fraction be removed. The vertical distribution of the aromatic hydrocarbon component and how these become transferred is poorly understood in brackish waters. This study examines the vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having been released from a controlled film of spilled oil onto the surface of brackish water. Methods The study was undertaken under controlled conditions so as to minimize the variability of environmental factors such as temperature and hydrodynamics. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured in the dissolved and suspended phases throughout the 1 m water column with different intensity of water sampling: 1, 2, 4, 7, 72, 120, 336, 504 and 984 h. Results The total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 19.01 to 214.85 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and from 5.14 to 63.92 ng L–1 in the suspended phase. These hydrocarbons were released immediately following a controlled spill attaining 214.9 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and 54.4 ng L–1 in the suspended phase near the cylinder bottom after 1–2 h. The 2–3 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated in the dissolved phase (60–80%), whereas the greater amount of 4–6 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (55–90%) occurred in the suspended phase. A relatively low negative correlation (rS = –0.41) was determined between the concentration of phenanthrene and suspended matter, whereas a high negative correlation (r = − 0.79) was found between the concentration of pyrene and suspended matter. Despite the differences in the relationships between the concentration ratio and amount of suspended matter the obtained regressions allow roughly to predict the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Christelle Solange, JESSIE EKOKA, ZE BILO’O Philemon, KOM REGONNE Raissa, and NGASSOUM Martin Benoit. "Source and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water from Mboppi River in Douala–Cameroon." Sustainability in Environment 6, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v6n4p1.

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Having a source attributed to anthropogenic activities such as incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic materials, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic organic pollutants that the ubiquity is no more to be proved. The purpose of this work is to identify and quantify the hydrocarbons pollution of the Mboppi River. Eight (8) samples of water were collected in the river during the dry and the rainy season (4samples for each season). Hydrocarbon fraction was extracted by magnetic agitation of the mixture water/hexane followed by clean-up, fractionation and subsequently, analysis using gas chromatography coupled to a Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the samples were ranged between 196.3-1040.19 µg/L in the river. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with more than four rings showed the highest concentrations in the river independently from the seasonal variation while the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 2 or 3 rings were usually present in low concentrations or sometimes undetectable. From the data, it was also possible to conclude that there is predominance of petroleum sources, and essentially closed to the more industrialized areas. Mboppi River can then be considered as being among the most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted environment in comparison with some rivers and estuaries.

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Onome Augustina Bubu-Davies, Benjamin Bameyi Otene, and Mpakaboari Vellington Cephas Ebini. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in water, sediments and aquatic life of Nigerian inland and coastal waters." Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 1, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 01–012. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2021.1.3.0014.

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formed during incomplete combustions of organic substances but few to be mention such as cigarettes, coal etc. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more compounds such as soot. The emissions of PAHs in Nigeria have contributed significantly to the environment and live of aquatic organisms. Thus, this paper reviewed the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in the water, sediments and organisms in inland and coastal waters. Methodology: Literatures of relevant and previous studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water, sediment and organism within and outside Nigeria were reviewed. Results: The contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and can cause adverse effect on human health, wildlife and aquatic lives with no report on mammals in the aquatic environments. Conclusion and Recommendation: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reviewed displayed different effects caused in the lives of human and aquatic organism based on the concentration level. Their sources were more of anthropogenic than natural source with varied concentrations at various source points due to different activities in question. The positive impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on fish and other aquatic organisms as a result of bioconcentration, biotransformation and biomagnification become a threat to humans that rely on eighty percent of aquatic resources. Therefore, conceived efforts should be made to reduce these effects, general public monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on discharge sources in the biosphere.

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Coleman, William F. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Journal of Chemical Education 81, no. 2 (February 2004): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed081p245.

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Vácha, R., J. Čechmánková, and J. Skála. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and selected plants." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 9 (September 16, 2010): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2010-pse.

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The influence of soil load with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on their contents in selected plants was investigated. A set of experiments was realized in three years. The influence of extreme soil load with PAHs (soil contaminated by floods and sludge application) on their content in plants was observed in a pot trial. A laboratory column extract trial investigated PAHs transfer from the soil into soil solution in different conditions. The results showed that the transfer of PAHs into plants is influenced mainly by chemical characteristics of the substances (the number and position of aromatic nuclei); by soil characteristics (content and quality of soil organic matter) and by plant characteristics (plant species and plant bodies). The roots of tested plants were loaded with PAHs thanks to the transfer of less-nuclei compounds (2–3 nuclei) in soil solution into the roots and thanks to the binding of more nuclei compounds (4–6 nuclei) on organic substances in epidermis and primary bark of roots. These results were confirmed by a laboratory column trial.

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Yu, Jie. "The Effect of pH Value on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation in Sludge during Biological Aerobic Fermentation Process." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.72.

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The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sludge in aerobic fermentation process is affected by many factors, and the pile body pH value is one of the important factors. Through the test of mixing lime pile body regulating pH value (7.7, 8.2, 9), the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation effect was researched under the different pH conditions and the same of the other aerobic fermentation conditions. The results showed that, pH=7.7 test device (not mixing lime ) on PAHs degradation effect was best, worst was the pH=8.2 test device, the sludge degradation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons effect is negative effect.

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Semenikhin, A. S., D. V. Idrisov, I. V. Chechet, S. G. Matveev, and S. V. Lukachev. "Kinetic model and kerosene surrogate for calculating gas turbine engine emission of carcinogenic hydrocarbons." VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 3 (November 18, 2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2022-21-3-58-68.

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To calculate the emission of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the combustion chambers of aircraft gas turbine engines, the A17 kinetic model has been developed, characterized by new blocks of elementary chemical reactions of hydrocarbon compounds oxidation and synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of model validation showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and the possibility of applying the model to describe combustion processes in gas turbine engine combustion chambers. A review and numerical study was carried out for 14 surrogates (model fuels) of aviation kerosene, the combustion of which can be described using the A17 model. Simulation of stabilized flame of a previously prepared mixture showed the effectiveness of Drexel, Liu, su4, UM1 surrogates, the predictions for which agree satisfactorily with the experimental data and provide the expected levels of concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The calculations show the dependence of the concentration of the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene, and the ratio of the main combustion products CO2/H2O on the molar mass of the fuel. For the experimentally determined value of the molar mass of kerosene TS-1, the smallest deviation (up to 0.25%) is demonstrated by the su4 and UM1 surrogates. Due to the best predictive capability for the ignition delay time, normal flame propagation speed, pyrolysis and combustion products, the su4 and UM1 surrogates can be chosen to calculate the emission of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aircraft gas turbine engine combustion chambers.

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Mubeen, Ishrat, Audil Rashid, Muhammad Khan, Mi Yan, and Hafiz Ali. "Urban contamination assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons released from an oil refinery in Rawalpindi." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200402055m.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are among persistent organic pollutants and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons during petroleum processing activities may cause polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in the surrounding area. For the first time in Morgah, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, three targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons i.e. naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were estimated from surroundings of an oil refinery. Samples were collected simultaneously in soil, water and leaves of Melia azedarach L., a widely grown tree species in the sampling area, along different selected sites of main drainage coming out of the refinery. Among three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene was observed in maximum concentration (24.31 mg kg-1 in soil) among all selected environmental media and studied compounds showed a dynamic behavior in context of accumulation at different sampling points. There was a significant effect of distance, from petroleum refining area on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels in soil, water and plant leaves. Our findings provide conclusive evidence that location of an oil refinery has attributed to high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contamination in selected study area which can pose significant risk to general environment and to the public.

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Kotova, V. E., Yu А. Andreev, О. А. Mikhaylenko, and I. А. Ryazantseva. "ASSESSMENT OF PETROLEUM COMPONENT CONTAMINATION OF WATER IN THE TEMERNIK RIVER AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE DON RIVER." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 6 (2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-112-117.

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Here, we report the results of petroleum component contamination assessment of the Temernik river and the Don river. Our aim was to study the hydrocarbon group content of petroleum components in the river water. Thus, we determined the mass concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the Temernik river, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, sum of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 21.4–34.4 mg/L, 0.14–6.0 mg/L, 10–18 μg/L, and 0.17–2.9 μg/L, respectively. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and benzo[a]pyrene exceeded the maximum permissible concentration by 1.4–2.3, 2.8-120, and 1.3–5.8 times, respectively. In the Don river, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, sum of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 18.7-29.5 mg/L, 0.08- 0.16 mg/L, 8.2-12 μg/L, and 0.03-0.13 μg/L, respectively. The Severnoe reservoir was the less contaminated part of the river. The Temernik river estuary was the most contaminated part of the river. The pollutant concentrations increased in the Don River downstream of the Temernik river estuary. Therefore, the Temernik river influences on the Don river contamination. The chemical oxygen demand, petroleum components, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had the close distribution of concentrations in the rivers. However, the aliphatic hydrocarbon concentration changed in another way. The results of the study showed that the hydrocarbon groups of petroleum components can have different sources.

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Danilov, Diana, and Valentina Coatu. "Short communication: Physiological Response of Marine Organisms to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution as Useful Tools for Biomonitoring." Cercetări Marine - Recherches Marines 51, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55268/cm.2021.51.193.

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"The continuous development of oil exploration and exploitation leads to the need to highlight the early effects of hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on marine organisms. In this regard, there are worldwide biomonitoring programs that aim to assess the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The physiological response of marine organisms is investigated both at functionally (reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological disorders), tissular, cellular and molecular levels (histopathological evaluation, DNA damage, cytochrome P4501A, ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)). This paper reviews the changes induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms and their potential to be used as suitable biomarkers to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. Key-Words: biomonitoring, physiological response, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, marine organisms, sea water "

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T.J.K., Ideriah, Abam T. K. S., Uzamaden G. I., and Okafor C. "Concentrations of Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Groundwater from Andoni Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. VII (2024): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.907011.

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The concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Total Hydrocarbons contents (THCs) and heavy metals in groundwater from parts of Andoni Local Government Area in Rivers State were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy for PAHs, Spectrophotometer for THC and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for heavy metals. The results showed maximum mean levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (0.642 ppm) and Total Hydrocarbons content (3.23±4.24 ppm), Manganese (0.705±0.125), Iron (0.217±0.300), Lead (0.355±0.488), Chromium (0.096±0.132) and Nickel (0.151±0.149) mg/L. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon levels were above permissible limits and the Total Hydrocarbons content levels were above acceptable limits in some stations. Lead and nickel levels were above standard limits in some stations. The high levels of lead and nickel portend toxic and carcinogenic risks in some stations, especially to the environment and children in the study areas. The results showed that Groundwater in the study area is poor for drinking purposes in some areas and can pose health hazards in the area if consumed without proper treatment. Thus, adequate treatment of the groundwater in the affected areas is recommended.

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Liang, Xiao Juan, and Xi Qin Li. "Research on Emissions of Benzene & Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Constant Volume Combustion Bomb." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2993.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are harmful to human body and environment. In order to know the formatting rules of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline combustion process, a series of tests are done in a constant volume combustion bomb. The emissions of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzer. The test results show that the benzene in combustion products comes from the incomplete combustion fuel. The free radicals out of cracking fuel may also become benzene in combustion process. Adding ethanol in fuels does not necessarily increase the emission of benzene. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons varies with temperature.

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Zhang, Qian, Bowen Chen, Fazli Wahid, Wanyun Feng, and Xuerou Chen. "Intelligent Detection and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (February 2, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8330702.

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Cycloaromatic hydrocarbons are a type of potentially hazardous chemicals that are widely present in the environment and pose a serious threat to human health. However, the traditional research methods for their detection process are cumbersome, the detection cycle is long, and the sensitivity is low. In response to the above problems, this article combines the molecular fingerprint information characteristics of surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology to simulate the four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and trichenium and quantitative detection of cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and four kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures. The experimental results show that the PAHs based on SERS have the advantages of higher sensitivity and high selectivity, which verifies the accuracy and feasibility of the method in this article.

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Pandová, Iveta, Taťána Gondová, and Katarína Dubayová. "Natural and Modified Clinoptilolite Testing for Reduction of Harmful Substance in Manufacturing Exploitation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1757.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the component of the exhaust gases, from which some are characterized by carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. The most considerable sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are combustion engines, thermal plants, production and distribution of products as pesticides, detergents, conservation matters, refuse inciferating plants, pyrolysis processes, coke production, cigarette gas, coal gasification. In consequence those matters from the atmosphere are accordied to earth, where they are cumulated, thereat bold increasing of aromatic hydrocarbons concentration is chronicled. The most dangerous from them is benzo(a)phyrene. If the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are get into live organisms, reagents with their structure at formation epoxides and thiolepoxides. These matters liaise to DNA, corrupted their structure and this fact induces cancer formation. The sorption possibility of natural zeolite – clinoptilolite, also its modified forms was observed in regard to some species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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White, Curt M. "Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Analytica Chimica Acta 184 (1986): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86516-2.

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Fu, Peter P. "Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of Chromatography A 398 (1987): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96535-5.

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Mulas, Giacomo, Giuliano Malloci, and Ignazio Porceddu. "Identifyingspecificinterstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 6 (January 1, 2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/6/1/026.

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Müller, Markus, Christian Kübel, and Klaus Müllen. "Giant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Chemistry - A European Journal 4, no. 11 (November 2, 1998): 2099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(19981102)4:11<2099::aid-chem2099>3.0.co;2-t.

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Gadirova, Elmina. "POLLUTION LEVEL OF OIL INDUSTRIAL WATER SAMPLES." WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2218-930032022243415.

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Organic toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds are a global environmental concern as they cause inflammation and skin cancer. As you know there are two types of anthropogenic sources of hydrocarbons: petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. Petrogenic sources include crude oil and petroleum-derived hydrocarbon compounds. Pyrogenic sources of hydrocarbon compounds are formed as a result of incomplete combustion of organic substances such as oil, wood, coal. Before entering the open sea these oil products pass through the entire coastal zone. It is known that industrial waters are discharged into reservoirs after various chemical processes. The aim of this work was to determine how dangerous industrial oil water is when it enters the aquatic ecosystem. The article investigates the chemical composition of wastewater from the oil industry and identifies organic toxic compounds - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. At the same time, the amount of heavy metals in water samples was analyzed. For chemical analysis, 3 samples were taken from the territory of the refinery. In total, 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 13 phenolic compounds and 9 heavy metals were analyzed in water samples. Water samples were analyzed in accordance with the contract HS-153/2-18 between Heydar Aliyev Oil Refinery and Baku State University's Department of Ecological Chemistry. The chemical analyses of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds were carried out using extremely sensitive devices such as Perkin Elmer ICP/OES-2100DV and GC-MSD gas chromatograph 6890N with a highly efficient mass-selective detector-Agilent 5975. In the Khazar Ecological Laboratory performed quantitative analysis of organic compounds in water samples as well as heavy metal determination.

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McGuire, Brett A., Andrew M. Burkhardt, Sergei Kalenskii, Christopher N. Shingledecker, Anthony J. Remijan, Eric Herbst, and Michael C. McCarthy. "Detection of the aromatic molecule benzonitrile (c-C6H5CN) in the interstellar medium." Science 359, no. 6372 (January 11, 2018): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao4890.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles are thought to be widespread throughout the universe, because these classes of molecules are probably responsible for the unidentified infrared bands, a set of emission features seen in numerous Galactic and extragalactic sources. Despite their expected ubiquity, astronomical identification of specific aromatic molecules has proven elusive. We present the discovery of benzonitrile (c-C6H5CN), one of the simplest nitrogen-bearing aromatic molecules, in the interstellar medium. We observed hyperfine-resolved transitions of benzonitrile in emission from the molecular cloud TMC-1. Simple aromatic molecules such as benzonitrile may be precursors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation, providing a chemical link to the carriers of the unidentified infrared bands.

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Collins, J. F., J. P. Brown, G. V. Alexeeff, and A. G. Salmon. "Potency Equivalency Factors for Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 28, no. 1 (August 1998): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1998.1235.

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Ivanitskiy, Maxim. "Formation and combustion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in boiler furnaces." Energy Safety and Energy Economy 3 (June 2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2022-3-5-8.

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This paper presents the results of the next stage of ongoing author’s research on hazardous emissions from thermal power plants. Environmental safety regulations require utility companies to determine limits of their highly toxic pollutants with oncogenic and mutagenic effects, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such hazardous emissions depend on a fuel type, combustion technique, and combustion process parameters. In this research, the factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation and combustion for boiler furnaces were explored.

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Hussain, Bilal, Wei Li, Qilong Fang, and Yuyang Li. "Synergistic Effects of Fuel Components on Aromatics Formation in Combustion: A Review." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2024): 6720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156720.

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Aromatics, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are important combustion pollutants known to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and are also precursors of soot and, consequently, combustion-generated particulate matters that can significantly threaten environmental security and human health. In engine combustion, the multi-component and broad-source feature of transportation fuels makes synergistic effects commonly exist and greatly enhances the formation of aromatics and soot. Understanding the synergistic effects of different fuel components on aromatic formation facilitates concrete guidance for controlling soot emissions. This review focuses specifically on the synergistic effects of aromatics formation, including benzene, indene, naphthalene, and larger PAHs, in combustion among hydrocarbon blends and hydrocarbons blended with oxygenated fuels. Progresses in experimental measurements, theoretical calculations of critical reactions, and kinetic modeling are reviewed in detail. Special attention is paid to blends of aromatics and linear fuels, which show pronounced synergistic effects in PAH formation. Furthermore, some prospects for future research on synergistic effects in aromatic formation are provided.

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Foght, J. M., and D. W. S. Westlake. "Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocycles by a Pseudomonas species." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-200.

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Enrichment cultures were established with the aromatic fraction of a crude oil and screened for aromatic-degrading pseudomonads, using a sprayed plate technique. One isolate identified as Pseudomonas sp. HL7b was chosen for further study because it oxidized several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic heterocycles without an apparent lag. Using capillary gas chromatography, spectrophotometry, and radiorespirometry, it was found to be capable of mineralizing and (or) oxidizing a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, S-, N-, and O-heterocyclic analogues, and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not aliphatic hydrocarbons. The isolate displayed two colonial morphologies which correlated with variation in degradative phenotype and hydrophobicity as measured by polystyrene adherence. Four cryptic plasmids were observed in both colonial types. Pseudomonas sp. HL7b degraded dibenzothiophene co-metabolically by a recognized pathway, but this degradation was constitutive, rather than inducible as reported for other bacteria.

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Riskuwa-Shehu, M. L., H. Y. Ismail, A. Y. Fardami, and U. B. Ibrahim. "Pennisetum purpureum Improved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Removal in Weathered-Petroleum Contaminated Soil." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (May 17, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.3.285.

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Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the major driving forces of advancement in the last Century. Some of the hydrocarbons especially polycyclic aromatics are however of health and environmental significance, due to their recalcitrance and persistence leading to adverse effects on health and ecosystem stability. A number of treatment technologies have been used to cleanup hydrocarbon contaminants and the use of phytoremediation technology have recently been described as promising. In this study, phytoremediation of weathered crude oil contaminated soil was carried out in a microcosm using Pennisetumpurpureum for 60 days. Pristine soil samples were collected and mixed with weathered petroleum contaminated soil to achieve 5%, 25%, 35% and 50% w/w contamination levels. Bacterial species in the rhizosphere were isolated and identified and residual oil was extracted and analyzed using GC-MS. Results showed that there was high bacterial population in rhizosphere (5.0×105 cfu/g to 6.4×105 cfu/g) than non-rhizosphere soil (2.4 ×105 cfu/g to 4.0×105 cfu/g); and Bacillus spp. (64.71%) were observed to be predominant in the rhizosphere followed by Micrococcus spp. (17.65%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.88%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.88%) and Flavobacterium sp. (5.88%). Hydrocarbon concentration in the rhizosphere was reduced by 82.5%, 60.5%, 58.0% and 48.8% respectively. Complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds detected in the control using GC-MS were significantly reduced or completely degraded. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene, naphthalene, fluorene, benzo (a) anthracene, pyrene and chrysene were significantly reduced at a rate ranging between 13.33% and 97.54%. Based on the rate of PAHs reduction observed in this study, it was evident that P. purpureumsupports cleanup of persistent hydrocarbon contaminants in soil environment. The use of this plant in large scale petroleum hydrocarbon cleanup under field conditions should be investigated.

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Ciganek, M., and J. Neca. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in porcine and bovine organs and tissues." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 5 (March 20, 2012): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5543-vetmed.

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Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined in porcine and bovine kidney, liver, lung, muscle and adipose tissue samples, and in eyeballs (lens and vitreous humour) in fattener pigs and cows. The total average PAH concentrations in individual organs were: 5.4, 6.3 (kidney); 3.8, 2.7 (liver); 4.6, 5.4 (lung); 3.6, 5.1 (muscle tissue); 0.05, 0.11 (adipose tissue); 57.9, 16.3 (lens) and 14, 6.4 (vitreous humour) for pigs and cows in ng/g of wet weight, respectively. Phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene and fluoranthene were predominant PAH present in samples. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among distribution of PAH in animal bodies from several localities with various PAH exposure or between their levels in porcine and bovine organs and tissues, except for eyeballs. On the contrary, significant variations of PAH concentrations (P < 0.01) were found between species in the same tissues from the same stable. The highest total concentrations of PAH were found in porcine and bovine lenses. Analyses of porcine and/or bovine lenses for PAH content could be used for determination of animal exposure to these compounds.

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Nsonwu-Anyanwu, Augusta Chinyere, Mohamed Helal, Azza Khaked, Raymond Eworo, Chinyere Adanna Opara Usoro, and Amany EL-Sikaily. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content of food, water and vegetables and associated cancer risk assessment in Southern Nigeria." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 23, 2024): e0306418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306418.

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The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of water (four surface water, six underground water (borehole water), seven sachet water), barbecued food and their fresh equivalents (barbecued beef, fish, plantain, pork, yam, chicken, chevon, potato, corn), oil (three palm oil, nine vegetable oil), and fresh vegetable samples (water leaf, bitter leaf, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, pumpkin, garlic, ginger, green leaf, Gnetum Africana, onion, pepper) were determined by GC-MS analysis. The current study also determined the estimated lifetime cancer risk from ingesting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated food. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of water, oil, vegetable, and food samples were within the United States Environmental Protection Agency/World Health Organization safe limits. The naphthalene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and benzo(k)fluoranthene levels in surface water were significantly higher than in borehole samples (P = 0.000, 0.047, 0.047). Vegetable oils had higher anthracene and chrysene compared to palm oil (P = 0.023 and 0.032). Significant variations were observed in levels of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene among the barbecued and fresh food samples (P <0.05). Barbecued pork, potato, and corn had significantly higher naphthalene compared to their fresh equivalents (P = 0.002, 0.017, and <0.001). Consumption of barbecued food and surface water may be associated with higher exposure risk to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which may predispose to increased cancer health risk. The current work explores in depth the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different dietary categories that pose direct risk to humans via direct consumption. These findings add knowledge to support future considerations for human health.

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Berger, Reinhard, Manfred Wagner, Xinliang Feng, and Klaus Müllen. "Polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides: a unique entry to extended polycyclic heteroaromatics." Chemical Science 6, no. 1 (2015): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02793k.

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Smith, JD, J. Bagg, and YO Sin. "Aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater, sediments and clams from Green Island, Great Barier Reef, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870501.

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Seawater, sediment and clams from the coral reef around Green Island have been analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence for detection and identification of individual compounds. Green Island is of interest because it is a tourist resort and the most visited coral island of the Great Barrier Reef. The concentration ranges of some of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons detected were: in water (ng I-1), pyrene 53-< 1, anthracene 25-<1, benzo(a)pyrene 6-<0.2; in sediments (�g kg-1 dry wt), pyrene 15- < 1, anthracene, 1.0-<0.06, benzo(a)pyrene 4.3- <0.004; in clams (pg kg-1 wet wt), pyrene <0.03, anthracene < 0.05, benzo(a)pyrene <0.004. Only sediments near power-boat moorings were found to contain low but measurable amounts of several different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in contrast to the baseline amounts found at ihe other locations. The presence of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at measurable levels strongly suggests that their origin was from fuel spillage or exhaust emissions. The fluorescent intensity of organic-solvent extracts of seawater which had also been analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured using either fixed-wavelength or synchronous-wavelength excitation. For both types of excitation, fluorescent intensities could be used to indicate the presence of small amounts of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons which were just above the limit of detection using high-performance liquid chromatography.

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Hudgins, Douglas M., Charles W. Bauschlicher, and Louis J. Allamandola. "Closed-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations: a new category of interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 57, no. 4 (March 2001): 907–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-1425(00)00453-4.

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Leschev, Sergei M., and Tatsiana M. Henarava. "Sampling and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from exhaust gases from a plant for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-257x-2021-2-62-73.

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Currently, there is an increase in the production of carbon nanomaterials in the world, which is associated with their unique physical and mechanical properties and their use in various fields of science, industry and technology. Investigation of the chemical composition of waste gases from a propane-butane mixture pyrolysis unit during the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is of scientific and applied value, since it allows one to study both the chemistry of the pyrolysis process of hydrocarbon mixtures and determine the degree of toxicity of waste gas from pyrolysis units. The quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the gaseous products of pyrolysis of a propane-butane mixture during the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials has shown that when sampling with a small amount of the Supelpak-2 adsorbent, which is widely used in international and domestic methods, efficient capture of multinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is not ensured. Therefore, an important research issue is the development of a simple and effective method for sampling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with their subsequent GC-MS analysis. The principal essence of the technique is the impregnation of two fiberglass filters with an organic low-volatile solvent – diethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide. The latter is characterised by the highest extracting power in relation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The developed technique makes it possible to increase the efficiency of capturing multinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (with four or more rings in a molecule) to 96–98 % compared to a solid adsorbent under equal conditions (pyrolysis conditions, weight of adsorbent equal with filters impregnated with a solvent), where the degree of their extraction is 1–5 %. The established values of the degree of recovery of the measured components are explained by the high extracting ability of dimethyl sulfoxide in relation to multinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Okunev, Rodion V., Elena V. Smirnova, and Kamil G. Giniyatullin. "Evaluation of the content and degradation rates of PAHs in biochars, in terms of assessing the environmental risks of their application for soil remediation." Georesursy 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2023.3.26.

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The growing worldwide practice of biochar application as soil ameliorants, as well as adsorbents for remediation of soil contaminated with oil products and heavy metals, can lead to an increase the risk of environmental pollution by pyrolysis by-products. One of the most dangerous components of biochars is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are inevitably formed during the production of pyrogenic material. In this work, biochars obtained from various plant materials (millet, corn, willow, linden) under different pyrolysis temperatures were tested for the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The total content of PAHs in the studied samples ranged from 8.49 to 221.21 µg/kg, which does not exceed the limit concentrations established by the International Biochar Initiative. At the same time, polynuclear hydrocarbons with high carcinogenic and immunotoxic properties are found in the composition of biochars. A natural question arises about the effect of the final pyrolysis temperature on the total content and composition of PAHs in pyrolysis by-products. To study the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil, linden biochar obtained by pyrolysis at 250 °C was used, from which the contaminants were extracted and applied to the soil so that the concentration of the marker was 20 and 40 µg/kg. The determination of the residual amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was carried out after 1, 2, 6, and 11 months of incubation. Complete degradation of some 3–5-membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was found after 1–2 months of incubation. The most persistent pollutants were benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and pyrene, the concentration of which decreased to 31–71% on after 11 months of incubation. The slower degradation was found in the variant of the experiment with the high concentration level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was concluded that in soils selective accumulation of polynuclear PAHs, that most resistant to biodegradation, can occur.

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Šmídl, Petr, and Karel Pecka. "Chromatographic behaviour of aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds on silica gel with a chemically bonded amino phase." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 11 (1985): 2375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19852375.

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The chromatographic behaviour of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds was investigated on Separon SIX NH2, a sorbent with chemically bonded amino groups. The effect of substitution and partial hydrogenation of the aromatics on their retention was examined. The achieved separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from their mixtures into groups, each containing substances with the same number of rings, was compared with that published for other, similar chromatographic materials. The effect of structure of some heterocyclic compounds on their affinity for the stationary phase, in comparison with the related aromatic hydrocarbons, is also discussed.

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Jakovljević, Ivana, and Silva Žužul. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2095.

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Policiklički aromatski ugljikovodici u zrakuPoliciklički aromatski ugljikovodici (PAU) spojevi su koji se sastoje od dva ili više kondenziranih aromatskih prstenova. Nastaju prilikom nepotpunog izgaranja ili pirolize organskih tvari. Dokazano je da neki PAU imaju kancerogena, a neki mutagena svojstva, pa je stoga potrebno kontinuirano pratiti koncentracije PAU u zraku, vodi i tlu, te pokušati sanirati izvore PAU. PAU s dva ili tri aromatska prstena postojani su u plinovitoj fazi, dok se PAU s više aromatskih prstenova nalaze u zraku uglavnom vezani na čestice. Visoke koncentracije PAU prisutne su u atmosferi urbanih područja, a najviše su zimi kada su pojačane emisije iz kućnih ložišta. U ljetno doba koncentracije su niže jer je većina policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika nestabilna na visokim temperaturama, a osim toga dolazi do njihove oksidacije i fotooksidacije. Metode mjerenja PAU u zraku uključuju uzorkovanje prosisavanjem na filterski papir ili kruti adsorbens, ekstrakciju i kromatografsku analizu. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati mjerenja benzo[a]pirena (BaP) kao glavnog predstavnika PAU na nekim lokacijama u svijetu. Razine BaP u svijetu uspoređene su s rezultatima mjerenja provedenim do sada u Hrvatskoj.

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42

Guo, Yufang. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat." Nature Food 2, no. 12 (December 2021): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00440-4.

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Mastanjević, Krešimir, Vinko Krstanović, Dragan Kovačević, Brankica Kartalović, and Kristina Habschied. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Malt." Beverages 7, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages7030058.

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The kilning of malt occurs at different temperatures, depending on the desired color and aromas. Higher temperatures applied during kilning can be involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formation in malt. PAHs are undesirable and designated as health hazards, it is important to quantify and qualify them in different malts. Since the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) gave strict recommendations about PAHs in different foods, but omitted malt as a potential hazardous raw material that can cause health damage to beer consumers, the aim of this investigation was to assess the presence of 16 PAHs (naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Anl), acenaphthene (Ane), fluorene (Flu), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Flt), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chry), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DahA), benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP)) in different, commercially available malts (amber, black, pilsner, and cara-120). The results showed that PAHs are present in different malts, with some in high amounts (BaA in black malt was 737 µg/kg). Minimal levels of BaA were detected in the amber malt, 60.53 µg/kg. The PAH4 (BaP, BaA, BbF, and Chry) sums are identical to the BaA concentrations in all malts and greatly exceed the EFSA prescribed levels for PAH4 in processed cereal-based foods (1 µg/kg).

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Albers, Peter H. "Birds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 17, no. 4 (November 30, 2006): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/147020606783438740.

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Gladen, B. C., T. D. Zadorozhnaja, N. Chislovska, D. O. Hryhorczuk, M. C. Kennicutt, and R. E. Little. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta." Human & Experimental Toxicology 19, no. 11 (November 2000): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032700671433928.

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Concentrations of chrysene, benz [a I anthracene, benzo [a I -pyrene, benzo [h lfluoranthene, indeno [1,2,3 -c,d] pyrene, dibenz [ a,h I anthracene, and benzo [g,h,i] perylene were measured in placentas from 200 women from two cities in Ukraine, Kyiv and Dniprodzerzhinsk. The participants had no special exposures and were chosen from among subjects in an ongoing study of reproductive health. All seven of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in all placentas, with the sole exception of benzo [a I pyrene in one placenta. Chrysene was present at the highest concentrations, with median 1.38 ng/g dry weight. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benzo[g,h,ilperylene had the lowest concentrations; each had median 0.73 ng/g dry weight. Concentrations in Kyiv were slightly higher than those in Dniprodzerzhinsk, butthe differencewas significantonlyfor dibenz [a,h I anthracene. Dibenz [ a,h] anthracene and benzo[g,h,ijperylene increased significantly with maternal body mass index, but other PAHs showed no such pattern. Placentas from deliveries in autumn or winter had slightly but not significantly higher concentrations. Concentrations were not related to maternal age. There were too few smokers in the sample for meaningful evaluation. No associations were seen between any of the placental PAH concentrations and birth weight of the infant.

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Almaula, Satish. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Steelmaking." Environmental Forensics 6, no. 2 (June 2005): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15275920590952775.

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Warshawsky, D. "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carcinogenesis." Environmental Health Perspectives 107, no. 4 (April 1999): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.99107317.

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Peeters, E., L. J. Allamandola, C. W. Bauschlicher, Jr., D. M. Hudgins, S. A. Sandford, and A. G. G. M. Tielens. "Deuterated Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons." Astrophysical Journal 604, no. 1 (March 20, 2004): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/381866.

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Ricca, Alessandra, Charles W. Bauschlicher, and Louis J. Allamandola. "PROTONATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS REVISITED." Astrophysical Journal 727, no. 2 (January 12, 2011): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/727/2/128.

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Doney, K. D., A. Candian, T. Mori, T. Onaka, and A. G. G. M. Tielens. "Deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Revisited." Astronomy & Astrophysics 586 (January 26, 2016): A65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526809.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons'

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