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Amoussou, Nellya, Marielle Thomas, Alain Pasquet, and Thomas Lecocq. "Finding the Best Match: A Ranking Procedure of Fish Species Combinations for Polyculture Development." Life 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091315.
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Polyculture is a potentially interesting rearing practice for future aquaculture developments. Nevertheless, it may result in beneficial as well as detrimental consequences for fish production. One way to maximize the benefits of polyculture is to combine species with high levels of compatibility and complementarity. This requires the development of a ranking procedure, based on a multi-trait assessment, that highlights the most suitable species combinations for polyculture. Moreover, in order to ensure the relevance of such a procedure, it is important to integrate the socio-economic expectations by assigning relative weights to each trait according to the stakeholder priorities. Here, we proposed a ranking procedure of candidate fish polycultures (i.e., species combinations that could be potentially interesting for aquaculture) based on a multi-trait assessment approach and the stakeholder priorities. This procedure aims at successively (i) weighting evaluation results obtained for each candidate polyculture according to stakeholder priorities; (ii) assessing differentiation between candidate species combinations based on these weighted results; and (iii) ranking differentiated candidate polycultures. We applied our procedure on three test cases of fish polycultures in recirculated aquaculture systems. These test cases each focused on a target species (two on Sander lucioperca and one on Carassius auratus), which were reared in two or three different alternative candidate fish polycultures. For each test case, our procedure aimed at ranking alternative combinations according to their benefits for production and/or welfare of the target species. These benefits were evaluated based on survival rate as well as morphology, behavioral, and physiological traits. Three scenarios of stakeholder priorities were considered for weighting evaluation results: placing a premium on production, welfare, or both for the target species. A comparison of our procedure results between these scenarios showed that the ranking changed for candidate polycultures in two test cases. This highlights the need to carefully consider stakeholder priorities when choosing fish polycultures.
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Steinparzer, Matthias, Daniela Haluza, and Douglas L. Godbold. "Integrating Tree Species Identity and Diversity in Particulate Matter Adsorption." Forests 13, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13030481.
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The amount of PM bound by tree canopies depends on leaf traits, but also the leaf area available, both of which are dependent on tree identity. We investigated four species (Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata Mill., Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L.) grown in monocultures and in two and four species polycultures. The amount of PM on the leaves of these species was determined by washing and fractionation of the PM into PM2.5, PM10 and PM100 size classes using a filtering method. The leaf area index was estimated by litter collection. The amount of PM2.5 per m2 leaf area was significantly higher in T. cordata compared to Q. robur and A. platanoides, and in C. betulus compared to A. platanoides. The leaf area index in monocultures was similar for all species except T. cordata which was considerably lower. Overyielding of LAI was shown in the two species polyculture of T. cordata and A. platanoides, and also in the four species polyculture. In polyculture, higher amounts of PM were determined in the two species polyculture of Q. robur and C. betulus and also in the four species polyculture. The result show that both tree identity and mixture influence the amount of PM in the canopy, and this is related to tree leaf traits, and also to overyielding of LAI in the polyculture.
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Hartawan, Rudi, Azman, Yulistiati Nengsih, Adilla Adistya, and Edy Marwan. "Land equivalent ratio polyculture of liberica coffee (Coffea liberica)-areca nut (Areca catechu L.) and liberica coffee-tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1153, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1153/1/012029.
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Abstract The research was carried out at Sungai Beras Village, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, in May-August 2021. The research object was five years old areca nut with three years old liberica coffee, ten years old tall coconut with three years old liberica coffee, three years old liberica coffee, five years old areca nuts, and ten years old tall coconut. The equipment used was GPS, scales, meters, and a camera. This study used a survey method by numbering the sample with a systemic sampling. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, spacing, stem diameter, crop productivity, and the LER between coffee-areca nut and coffee-coconut polycultures. The results showed that liberica coffee polyculture cultivation with areca nut or tall coconut was better than monoculture liberica coffee cultivation. The productivity of the liberica coffee polyculture cultivation area with areca nut plants increased by 19% compared to the productivity of the liberica coffee monoculture. The productivity of liberica coffee polyculture with tall coconut increased by 8% compared to the productivity of liberica coffee monoculture. There is a difference in land productivity of 11% when liberica coffee is cultivated in polyculture with areca nuts compared to liberica coffee polyculture with tall coconut.
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Iglay, Raymond B., Kristin B. Schwarz, Jerrold L. Belant, James A. Martin, Guiming Wang, and Travis L. DeVault. "Large Mammal Use of Seminatural Grasslands and Implications for Aviation Strike Risk." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (October 10, 2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022017-jfwm-019.
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Abstract Large mammals pose a significant risk to U.S. aircraft safety within airport operation areas and cost airlines millions of dollars in repairs annually. Native warm-season grass polycultures and switchgrass monocultures offer alternative land covers for airports that could benefit current risk-mitigation efforts in addition to offering economic and environmental benefits. We compared use of a native warm-season grass polyculture and switchgrass Panicum virgatum monoculture by white-tailed deer (deer; Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote Canis latrans, using remote cameras in Mississippi, during 2011–2012. Coyotes and deer were observed 27% and 51% less in switchgrass monoculture than in native warm-season grass polyculture, respectively. However, November detections and cumulative hazard score demonstrated the greatest differences between treatments, especially for deer. Considering deer and coyotes are among the most hazardous mammal species to aircraft, switchgrass monocultures could be a better alternative land cover than native warm-season grass polycultures for some airport turf areas. Increased land coverage of switchgrass monocultures could benefit airport wildlife-hazard mitigation but needs validation by comparing alternative land covers to more traditional airport land covers.
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Rivera, Tina M., Martin F. Quigley, and Joseph C. Scheerens. "Performance of Component Species in Three Apple-Berry Polyculture Systems." HortScience 39, no. 7 (December 2004): 1601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.7.1601.
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The commercial and ornamental potential of three apple-berry polyculture systems was ascertained by monitoring the above-ground performance of component species in plots of `GoldRush' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees on M.7 rootstock cropped with either blackberry (Rubus spp. L. `Navaho'), edible honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L. `Blue Belle' and `Blue Velvet'), or jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria Bauer `Josta') as understory plants. Polyculture plots and corresponding monoculture controls were established in 1999, with berry plants at recommended (R) or close [(C), half-recommended] spacings. Blackberries and jostaberries planted in monoculture at recommended spacings [i.e., control (R) plots] amassed dry weights >1 kg/plant by Fall 2001; the dry weight of edible honeysuckle from comparable plots was slightly >0.3 kg/plant. In 2001, blackberry yield (3.1 kg/plant) and fruit weight (3.4 g) were typical of `Navaho' plantings of similar age, whereas jostaberry was only moderately productive (yield = 286 g/plant; fruit weight = 1.4 g). Edible honeysuckle productivity (yield = 13 g/plant, fruit weight = 0.5 g) was minimal, due to disparate flowering phenology between cultivars. `GoldRush' apple growth and productivity (yield = 25 kg/tree; fruit weight = 158 g) was consistent with values expected for trees of similar age. Blackberry plant dry weights were reduced by 20% to 33% when planted at close spacing, whereas blackberry yields were reduced 35% to 38% when grown in polyculture with apple. Both polyculture and plant spacing significantly reduced jostaberry dry weights (i.e., 12% and 24%, respectively) relative to the control, but neither significantly affected jostaberry yield. Conversely, both close-spaced planting and the presence of an apple tree improved the yield of edible honeysuckle. Apple performance was not affected by the presence of an edible honeysuckle understory, but apple growth factors were reduced in blackberry and jostaberry polycultures by as much as 65%. Apple bloom, fruit set, and yield were also significantly reduced in apple-blackberry and apple-jostaberry plots, with fruit numbers/tree averaging <5 in all except the apple-blackberry (C) treatment. None of the polyculture treatments studied were suitable for profitable fruit production. However, each of the polyculture constituents exhibited unique, beneficial attributes with respect to their use as components within an edible landscape.
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Alfaredzi, Rajab, Syakur Syakur, and Khairullah Khairullah. "Evaluasi Sifat Fisika Tanah pada Penggunaan Lahan Monokultur dan Polikultur di Kecamatan Labuhan Haji Kabupaten Aceh Selatan." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v8i1.23043.
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Abstrak. Pengelolaan tanah dengan pola tanam monokultur dan polikultur menghasilkan perbedaan sifat fisika pada tanah. Sifat fisika tanah yang menjadi objek penelitian ini adalah C-organik, bulk density, stabilitas agregat, laju infiltrasi tanah, dan struktur tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisika tanah pada penggunaan lahan monokultur dan polikultur di Kecamatan Labuhan Haji Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei deskriptif. Penentuan lokasi penelitian menggunakan SPL melalui aplikasi ArcGis dengan memasukkan peta jenis tanah, peta kelerengan, dan penggunaan lahan yang selanjutnya di overlay. Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik pada penggunaan lahan monokultur dan polikultur untuk bahan organik pada penggunaan lahan monokultur berkisar 0,37%,1,02% dan 2,12% secara rata-rata 1,17% (rendah) dibandingkan dengan penggunaan lahan polikultur bahan organik berkisar 1,74% dan 2,43% secara rata-rata 2,08% (Sedang). Bulk density pada monokultur berkisar 1,28 g.cm-3, g.cm-3dan 1,32 g.cm-3 secara rata-rata 1,29 g.cm-3 dengan kategori tinggi dibandingkan dengan polikultur berkisar 1,30 g.cm-3 dan 1,31 g.cm-3 secara rata-rata 1,30 g.cm-3 dengan kategori tinggi. Indeks stabilitas agregat tanah pada monokultur berkisar 42,55, 49,47 dan 52,52 secara rata-rata 48,18 dengan kriteria kurang mantap dibandingkan dengan polikultur berkisar 50,24 dan 51,12 secara rata-rata 50,68 dengan kriteria agak mantap. Struktur berkisar dari lemah hingga sedang. Laju infiltrasi berkisar antara 10-30 mm.jam dengan kategori lambat hingga sedang. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi fisik tanah pada penggunaan lahan polikultur di Kecamatan Labuhanhaji lebih baik daripada penggunaan lahan monokultur hal ini disebabkan karena biomassa bahan organik pada penggunaan lahan polikultur lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan penggunaan lahan monokultur.Evaluation of Soil Physical Properties in Monoculture and Polyculture Land Uses in Labuhan HajiDistrict, South Aceh RegencyAbstract. Soil management with monoculture and polyculture planting patterns produces differences in physical properties in the soil. The physical properties of the soil that are the object of this study are C-organic, bulk density, aggregate stability, soil infiltration rate, and soil structure. This study aims to evaluate the physical nature of soil in monoculture and polyculture land use in Labuhan Haji District, South Aceh Regency. This study used a descriptive survey method. Determination of research locations using SPL through the ArcGis application by including soil type maps, marble maps, and land use which are then overlayed. The results of the evaluation of physical properties on monoculture and polyculture land use for organic matter on monoculture land use ranged from 0.37.1.02% and 2.12% on average 1.17% (low) compared to the land use of organic matter polyculture ranging from 1.74% and 2.43% on average 2.08% (Medium). Bulk density in monocultures ranges from 1.28 g.cm-3, g.cm-3 and 1.32 g.cm-3 on average 1.29 g.cm-3 with high categories compared to polycultures ranging from 1.30 g.cm-3 and 1.31 g.cm-3 on average 1.30 g.cm-3 with high categories. The soil aggregate stability index in monocultures ranged from 42.55, 49.47 and 52.52 on average 48.18 with less steady criteria compared to polycultures ranging from 50.24 and 51.12 on average 50.68 with rather steady criteria. Structure ranges from weak to moderate. The infiltration rate ranges from 10-30 mm/h with a slow to moderate category. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the physical condition of the soil in polyculture land use in Labuhanhaji District is better than monoculture land use, this is because the biomass of organic matter in polyculture land use is more than monoculture land use.
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Podkuiko, Lara, Mari-Liis Kasemets, Timo Kikas, and Inga Lips. "Cultivation of Algae Polyculture in Municipal Wastewater with CO2 Supply." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0096.
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Abstract In the past decades microalgae have been viewed as a promising source of sustainable biomass, because the cultivation of microalgae does not require arable land. Because the main use of the biomass has been envisaged as feedstock for biofuel, research has been directed on increasing the (lipid) yield of monospecies. However, because the production of biofuel from such virgin biomass is not economically viable, the production of the biomass should be coupled with other processes. In addition, cultivating polycultures may yield more biomass, while ensuring a stable culture. In this research Chlorella spp., Arthrospira platensis and Raphidocelis subcapitata were grown as a polyculture in municipal wastewater in order to remove nutrients. The results indicate that using microalgal polycultures may help reduce nitrogen and phosphorus by the level reglemented by the EU Council Directive. This may help reduce water treatment costs with simultaneous biomass production.
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Podkuiko, Lara, Mari-Liis Kasemets, Timo Kikas, and Inga Lips. "Cultivation of Algae Polyculture in Municipal Wastewater with CO2 Supply." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0096.
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AbstractIn the past decades microalgae have been viewed as a promising source of sustainable biomass, because the cultivation of microalgae does not require arable land. Because the main use of the biomass has been envisaged as feedstock for biofuel, research has been directed on increasing the (lipid) yield of monospecies. However, because the production of biofuel from such virgin biomass is not economically viable, the production of the biomass should be coupled with other processes. In addition, cultivating polycultures may yield more biomass, while ensuring a stable culture. In this research Chlorella spp., Arthrospira platensis and Raphidocelis subcapitata were grown as a polyculture in municipal wastewater in order to remove nutrients. The results indicate that using microalgal polycultures may help reduce nitrogen and phosphorus by the level reglemented by the EU Council Directive. This may help reduce water treatment costs with simultaneous biomass production.
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Sukarno, Rizal, and Sigit Prastowo. "Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)." Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jph.v2i2.17142.
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Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5.
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Prastowo, Sigit, and Rizal Sukarno. "Manipulation of microhabitat by polyculture planting system as ecosystem stabilizer for management of pests and natural enemies in shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)." Journal of Tropical Industrial Agriculture and Rural Development 1, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jtiard.v1i1.16415.
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Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) is one of important commodities for Indonesian people, yet its production is still limited by pest attack This research was conducted in Banyuputih Village, Wringin Subdistrict, Bondowoso Regency from July to October 2019. This study applied a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments, namely: P1 = Polyculture of shallot + lemongrass; P2 = Polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation was started when plant was at the age of 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by directly observing the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. A total of 10 samples were collected from each plot with interval of 4 days. Observation included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations of each species, and scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest population compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants was found to produce better outcome than polyculture planting with three types of plants with best treatment observed in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass which resulted in the lowest pest population of 17.5.
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Oliveira, Lenilton A. de A., Francisco Bezerra Neto, Aurélio P. Barros Júnior, Maiele L. da Silva, Ocimara F. N. Oliveira, and Jailma S. S. de Lima. "Agro-economic efficiency of polycultures of arugula-carrot-lettuce fertilized with roostertree at different population density proportions." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 11 (November 2017): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n11p791-797.
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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of agrosystems of two croppings of arugula (A) and two of lettuce (L) intercropped with carrot (C) under different biomass amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil and population density proportions between the component crops. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme. The first factor was made up of the amounts of roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor by the population density proportions of the component crops in the polycultures (50A-50C-50L%, 40A-50C-40L%, 30A-50C-30L% and 20A-50C-20L% of the population recommended for single crops – PRSC). The agro-economic performance of arugula, carrot and lettuce in polyculture was optimized at 25 t ha-1 of roostertree incorporated into the soil. The population density proportions of arugula, carrot and lettuce of 50A-50C-50L% of the PRSC provided the best agro-economic efficiency to the polyculture.
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Yanti, Rina, Nina Mauliani, Kiki Yulianingsih, Febry Claudia Ningsih, Muhammad Abrar, Chaidir Adam, Agus Haryono, and Shanty Savitri. "The diversity of insects in polyculture farms, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia." Inornatus: Biology Education Journal 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/inornatus.v3i1.376.
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Polyculture farming is an agricultural practice of growing several types of crops on the same land.The sustainability of polyculture farming is influenced by the presence of insects, both ecologically beneficial and detrimental. In agricultural ecology, insects have an important role as pollinators, predators, and pests that significantly affect the health of agricultural crops, including in polyculture farms. As an effort for sustainable polyculture management, especially in pest control, an exploratory study with mixed methods was conducted to determine the diversity, distribution, and categories of insects based on their ecological roles. This study was conducted in an agricultural area with a polyculture system in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. A total of 12 insect species were identified from polyculture farms belonging to the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. The diversity of insects found in polyculture farming in this study was categorized into low diversity with a Shannon-Wiener index (H') of 2.186. Hemiptera is known to be the most abundant with 7 species identified. Based on the number of individuals, Componotus japonicus is the most abundant species with 9 individuals. The structure of the insect community based on their ecological role in polyculture farming consisted of 58.33% insect pests, 33.33% predatory insects, and 8.33% pollinating insects.
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Furey, George N., Sean M. Smukler, and Andrew Riseman. "Substituting vetch and chicory for rye in a cover crop mixture enhanced nutrient release." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 101, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2020-0106.
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Increasing the functional diversity of cover crop polycultures has potential to modify nutrient cycling. Aboveground tissue from rye (Secale cereale), vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa), and chicory (Cichorium intybus) was arranged in litterbags, and rates of nutrient supply were measured. A control, monocultures of each species, a biculture of rye:vetch, and a polyculture of rye:vetch:chicory were compared. Increasing functional diversity through reducing the quantity of rye tissue by 30% to include 10% chicory and 20% vetch increased the total amount of nitrogen released by 257%.
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., Sudiono, Surjono Hadi Sutjahyo, Nurheni Wijayanto, Purnama Hidayat, and Rachman Kurniawan. "VEGETATION DIVERSITY AND INTENSITY OF PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES IN TWO POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS IN TANGGAMUS DISTRICT." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217137-146.
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Vegetation diversity and intensity of plant pests and diseases in two polyculture systems in Tanggamus District. The vegetable crop management cannot be separated from infestation of plant pest and disease which influences the quality and quantity of crop yield. The pest organism development is influenced by agroecosystem. The objective of this research was to analyze vegetation diversity and intensity of pest and disease in Tanggamus District. Methods used in this research were analysis of vegetation diversity based on Shannon index, percentage of pests damage and diseases incidence. The results showed that the vegetation diversity in polyculture of agriculture typology were 11 plant species with diversity index of 0.64; while in polyculture of agroforestry typology there were 11 plant species with diversity index of 0.74 and both of these indices were less than 1 (H’ < 1). The percentage of pests damage in the polyculture of agriculture larger than polyculture of agroforestry typology ranging from 7.20% to 81.67% and 3.04% to 26.67% respectively. While the incidence of disease in polyculture of agriculture ranging from 0.65% up to 100% and polyculture of agroforestry typology 0.65% up to 68.00%.
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Chaudhary, S. N., M. K. Shrestha, D. K. Jha, and N. P. Pandit. "Growth Performance of Silver Barb (Puntius gonionotus) in Mono and Polyculture Systems." Our Nature 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v6i1.1653.
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An experiment was conducted for 190 days from September 15, 2005 to March 25, 2006 in 12 outdoor concrete tanks of 24 m2 (4.9 m × 4.9 m) size and 1.25 m in water depth, at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal to evaluate the growth performance and profitability of silver barb in mono and polyculture systems. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments having three replications each. There was one mono and three polyculture systems of silver barb with different fish species as treatments: (1) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 (control); (2) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus common carp at 0.2 fish/m2; (3) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus male Nile tilapia at 0.3 fish/m2; and (4) Silver barb at 1.5 fish/m2 plus carps at 0.5 fish/m2 (silver carp 40%, bighead carp 20%, and common carp 40%). Silver barb were fed with 23% CP feed @ 4% body weight daily.At harvest, the mean weight, daily weight gain, gross fish yield (GFY) and net fish yield (NFY) of silver barb in monoculture treatment were significantly greater than in polyculture with common carp (p < 0.05), whereas there were no differences with polyculture with Nile tilapia (p > 0.05). However, survival of silver barb was not significantly different among treatments (p > 0.05). The combined GFY in polyculture with Nile tilapia treatment was significantly greater than in polyculture with common carp and in polyculture with other carps (p < 0.05). The NFY was highest in polyculture with Nile tilapia (4.4 ton/ha/yr), intermediate in polyculture with other carps (3.5 ton/ha/yr) and lowest in polyculture with common carp (2.9 ton/ha/yr) and monoculture (2.5 ton/ha/yr). Water quality parameters were not much difference in different treatments; however, water temperature was a crucial as it was less than 20°C for about 3 months (mid November to mid February). All the treatments produced positive net returns; however, the net returns were higher in polyculture with Nile tilapia than in other treatments. This study demonstrated that silver barb polyculture with male Nile tilapia is far better than other combinations.Keywords: Silver barb, Monoculture, Polyculturedoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1653Our Nature (2008)6:38-46
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Setiawati, Ni Ketut Maha, Sari Budi Moria Sembiring, Sudewi Sudewi, and I. N. A. Giri. "Polyculture of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) in controlled tanks." E3S Web of Conferences 442 (2023): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344202029.
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Milkfish (Chanos chanos) and sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra) are fishery commodities that can grow well in ponds. The commodities have different feeding habits. Polyculture trials in controlled tanks are possible. This study aimed to determine the growth and survival of sea cucumbers reared in polyculture in tanks and to know whether sea cucumbers can use milkfish feces as feed. This study used 12 PE tanks of 500 L to ascertain that no other food sources were available in the tanks. The initial size of sea cucumber seeds was 3.4 – 5.4 cm and milkfish 19.0 – 22.5 cm. The treatments designed were (A) monoculture of sea cucumber (28.6 g/m2), (B) polyculture of sea cucumbers (28.6 g/m2) and milkfish (0.28 g/L), (C) polyculture of sea cucumbers (28.6 g/m2) and milkfish (0.56 g/L), and (D) monoculture of milkfish (0.56 g/L). Results showed that both monoculture and polyculture of sea cucumbers and milkfish resulted in high survival rates (100%). Although the polyculture of sea cucumbers showed no significant difference in growth, polyculture with milkfish (C) tended to have a higher final weight of sea cucumbers than the other treatments. Sea cucumbers could utilize milkfish feces and increase the growth of sea cucumbers.
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Bardach, John E. "Constraints to polyculture." Aquacultural Engineering 5, no. 2-4 (January 1986): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(86)90022-1.
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Rodríguez-Jurado, Susana, Juan Fernando García-Trejo, Ignacio Mejía-Ugalde, Juan Manuel Vera-Morales, Marcela Vargas-Hernández, and Luciano Ávila-Juárez. "Water and fertilizer efficiency in a polyculture cropping system under three production systems." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.027.
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Abstract Approximately 40% of the water used in intensive agriculture is discarded as ‘drainage,’ which contains high amounts of ions that pollute the environment. This work aimed at investigating polyculture (tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce) under three production systems, namely, open (OPS), soil (SPS), and closed (CPS), in which the drainage water from the first crop was used to feed the second crop, and the water from the second crop was used to feed the third crop. The water and fertilizer efficiencies and some physical–chemical properties of the plants and soil were measured. The results showed no significant difference in the yield for polycultures between the CPS and OPS systems. The most efficient system for water use was the CPS, with 54.85 kg m−3, with a water savings of 55.69% compared to the OPS. The efficiency of fertilizers, such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, was statistically higher in the CPS, providing more kilograms of fruit per kilogram of nutrients. The reuse of drainage water in a polyculture not only increased the efficiency of the water and fertilizers but also increased the yields produced per cubic meter of water used, thereby minimizing environmental contamination.
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Hardianto, Toto, Yakub Suleman, Mustafa Mustafa, and Feby Triadi. "Economic Analysis of Sustainable Admission Business in Development Area Tanete Riattang East Bone." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v12i1.31810.
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The results of this study aim to determine the pattern of business activities and application of pond cultivation technology and the level of feasibility per unit of pond land. Starting from January - July, 2020, in Tanete Riattang Timur District. The pond business patterns are grouped into milkfish monoculture (Chanos chanos fork), milkfish polyculture (Chanos chanos fork) and seaweed (Gracillaria verrucosa), milkfish (Chanos chanos fork) and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) polycultures with narrow (< 2 hectares), medium (2-5 hectares) and broad (> 5 hectares) scales. The results of the study show that almost all of the ponds in the Tanete Riattang Timur sub-district have entisol soil types. The soil texture is fine and coarse, the slope of the pond land is 1-9%. The appropriate distance for aquaculture is 50 – 500 meters from the river bank, water pH ranges from 7.5 – 8, salinity ranges from 15 – 29 ppt, water temperature ranges from 29 – 32 0C. GIS analysis of total pond area ±817.015 Ha. Respondents were 59 Fishery Households (RTP). The financial feasibility of monoculture milkfish (Chanos chanos fork) DF 12%, the highest is the NPV of Rp. 57,267,164. Net B/C ratio 1.77; IRR of 29.03%. The financial feasibility of milkfish (Chanos chanos fork)-shrimp polyculture where the highest DF 12% is the NPV of Rp. 88,857,765, Net B/C ratio of 2,099; IRR of 35.48%. The financial feasibility of polyculture of milkfish (Chanos chanos fork) seaweed (Gracillaria verrucosa) where the DF is 12% with the highest value, namely NPVRp. 90,665,055; Net B/C ratio of 2,099; IRR is 33.67%. The conclusion is that the land suitability category in Tanete Riattang Timur District consists of very suitable.
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Siri, Abril, Sysylya Palakua, Deafranty Wengkenusa, Delfian Koneng, and Yeni Indriani. "Bioecology of Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at Different Stocking Densities in Polyculture Ponds Petta Barat, Sangihe Island Distric." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 4 (October 19, 2023): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5606.
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Saline Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation in Petta Barat using extensive and monoculture cultivation techniques that low productivity and profits. To increase productivity is to cultivate in polyculture with other organisms that have high economic value, one of which is polyculture with milkfish (Chanos Chanos) using optimal stocking densities. This study aims to determine differences in stocking density on the growth of tilapia (O. niloticus) and to analyze the range of water quality values at the cultivation location. The research method Random Design Experiments with complete (RAL) used monoculture and polyculture systems. The research results obtained were different stocking densities and monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems had no significant effect on the average length, average weight, absolute length, absolute weight, and specific growth rate of saline tilapia. Meanwhile, based on water quality analysis including temperature, DO (Dissolved oxygen), TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), pH, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia are still by the standards and are still optimal for the growth of tilapia. This study concludes that at different stockings with both polyculture and monoculture systems, it does not affect the growth of tilapia so the recommendation is cultivation using a polyculture system with maximum densities.
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Gede Agus Pratama, Sang Ayu Made Putri Suryani, and I Nengah Muliarta. "Effectiveness of Cultivation of Tiger Shrimp, Milk and Seaweed Using the Policultural Method: A Review." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 2, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 2375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v2i9.6018.
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Polyculture is a cultivation method used to cultivate many fishery commodities in one area. The selection of fishery commodities for polyculture cultivation must be regulated so that there is no competition in obtaining feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of polyculture system cultivation (tiger shrimp, milkfish and seaweed). The method used is a literature review. The results obtained are the average quality of the waters for polyculture cultivation of 3 commodities, namely milkfish shrimp and seaweed, as follows; temperature 32.97, salinity 8.75, brightness 24.67, Ph 7.29, DO 3.57, TOM 72.27, NH3 0.24, H2S 0.05, NO2 0.3802, PO4 0.8694, alkalinity 7.33 total suspended solids 43.253. Polyculture of 3 commodities namely milkfish, shrimp and seaweed provides more effectiveness and benefits, especially in terms of production, land efficiency and water quality, this is because the three commodities above provide a mutually beneficial symbiosis
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Rahmawati, Vira Rizqi, Sri Rejeki, Rosa Amalia, Lestari Lakhsmi Widowati, Restiana Wisnu Ariyati, Reinier Nauta, and Romi Lansbergen. "Growth of Gracilaria sp. in Monoculture and Polyculture System with Milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk) in Traditional Ponds, Brebes Regency, Central Java." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 27, no. 1 (March 8, 2024): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v27i1.22236.
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Gracilaria sp. has a high economic value, which can be cultivated in monoculture or polyculture with other cultivars, such as milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk). Polyculture of Gracilaria sp. with milkfish can increase the growth of Gracilaria sp. because the metabolic products of milkfish are helpful as a source of nutrients for Gracilaria sp. This study aimed to (1) examine the effect of Gracilaria sp. cultivation in monoculture and polyculture with milkfish on the growth of Gracilaria sp. and (2) the nutrient content of the water. This study used an experimental method with two treatments and three replications using six (6) earth ponds: Gracilaria sp. monoculture and polyculture with milkfish. Growth and nutrient content (nitrate and phosphate) data were analyzed using a t-test. The results of the study showed that the growth of Gracilaria sp. polyculture with milkfish provided absolute growth of 3615.89 ± 330.84 g; Relative Growth Rate (RGR) 180.79 ± 16.54 %; and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) 2.29 ± 0.13 %/day were significantly higher, compared with the growth of Gracilaria sp. monoculture. Monoculture Gracilaria sp showed absolute growth of 1912.71 ± 386.94 g; RGR 95.64 ± 19.35 %; and SGR 1.48 ± 0.22 %.day-1. Nutrient content in polyculture pond waters revealed nitrate 1.08 ± 0.09 mg.L-1 and phosphate 0.18 ± 0.04 mg.L-1 were significantly higher compared to nutrient content in monoculture pond waters which were nitrate 0.71 ± 0.22 mg.L-1 and 0.07 ± 0.04 mg.L-1. Polyculture Gracilaria and seaweed provide higher production due to the enrichment from nutrient content.
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Liu, Banghui, Kai Zhang, Guangjun Wang, and Xugang He. "A Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in a Polyculture System of Oreochromis niloticus, Aristichthys nobilis, and Cherax quadricarinatus." Water 15, no. 15 (July 26, 2023): 2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152699.
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Polyculture is an effective way to achieve efficient utilization of nutrient resources in high-density intensive aquaculture systems. In order to study the optimal culture mode of Oreochromis niloticu, Aristichthys nobilis, and Cherax quadricarinatus, the budget of nitrogen and phosphorus in various polyculture systems (CH, CHC1, CHC2, CHC3) was studied with land-based enclosures. The results showed that all the three polyculture systems had higher total yields of cultured animals than the control group (two polyculture systems) (p < 0.05). The co-cultured organisms absorbed artificial feed or organic matter (such as plankton and sediment) from the polyculture system to different degrees. Feed was the main input of nitrogen (98.22–98.33%) and phosphorus (99.43–99.56%) in all systems. Considering the N and P outputs, 46.64–64.58% and 81.60–84.79%, respectively, accumulated in the sediment, and 34.43–52.55% and 14.89–17.30% of the N and P outputs, respectively, were harvested by aquaculture organisms. The pollution production coefficients of TN and TP in the O. niloticus polyculture ponds were 5.35–6.26 g/m2 and 1.17–1.61 g/m2, respectively. The TN production coefficients of O. niloticus and the ternary polyculture groups (CHC1, CHC2, and CHC3) were lower than that of the control group (CH). The TP production coefficients showed the opposite pattern. The N and P utilization efficiencies in the group with the optimal ratio of O. niloticus, A. nobilis, and C. quadricarinatus (4, 0.15, and 3 ind/m2, respectively) were 2.56–12.82% and 6.62–11.03% higher, respectively, compared with those of the other groups. The N utilization efficiency was effectively improved in this group with the optimum stocking density for the polyculture systems, resulting in improved ecological efficiency and economic benefits.
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Angelica P. Baldos. "Soil Organic Carbon Stock Assessment in a Grassland and a Polyculture Tree Plantation." Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (JSET) 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/axjwv076.
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Polyculture tree plantations are generally characterized by the sustainability to resist disturbance, potential for higher yield and better ecological services. A study was conducted in a polyculture tree plantation and a grassland site inside the main campus of Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte to (1) estimate and compare the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks between the two land uses, and (2) find relationships between soil physicochemical properties, and SOC in the polyculture tree plantation and grassland. In each land use, soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm, and 30-50 cm. Higher SOC stocks in the 10 – 30 cm and 30 – 50 cm depths and the whole profile of the polyculture tree plantation (23.02, 43.28, 45.18, 111.47 Mg C ha-1 , respectively) compared to the grassland site (27.53, 35.70, 28.93, 82.14 Mg C ha-1 ) were observed. Thus, this polyculture tree plantation significantly improved some soil physicochemical characteristics and increased SOC stock after conversion from grassland.
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Zoelfahmie, Rizael, Safrida Safrida, and Sofyan Sofyan. "Analisis Perbandingan Pendapatan Petani Pola Tanam Monokultur Dan Polikultur Di Kecamatan Meureudu Kabupaten Pidie Jaya." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1266.
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In the District Meureudu, there are two types of cropping farming in paddy fields, namely Monoculture cropping pattern and cropping patterns poly. Monoculture is planting only one crop a year, namely rice, whereas polyculture cropping is planting more than one plant within a year, namely rice and soybeans. The method used in this research is survey method. The sampling technique is cluster sampling and data used are primary data and secondary data. Average - Average area of land that did monoculture is 0.22 hectares, while the area of land on the cropping pattern polyculture is 0.15. Average - Average harvests of farmers practicing monoculture of 3.2 ton / year, while the average - average yields in cropping patterns polyculture 1.9 ton / year for rice and 0.48 Kg / year for soybeans. Comparison of farmers using monoculture and polyculture in District Meureudu is 65: 35. In general, farmers in Sub Meureudu that uses monoculture earn 42 million / ha / year, while the use of polyculture cropping patterns to earn 58 million / ha / Year. Constraints faced by farmers practicing monoculture of the interview that the pest rodents, sparrows and waterways, while the polyculture cropping patterns from the interviews that the pest rodents, sparrows, waterways and livestock citizens. Keywords: Income, monoculture, and poly
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Simão, Bruno Rodrigo, Luis Otavio Brito, Alex Sandro Campos Maia, Laizy Cabral Miranda, and Celicina Maria da Silveira Borges Azevedo. "Stocking densities and feeding strategies in shrimp and tilapia polyculture in tanks." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013000800039.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Pacific marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in a polyculture in tanks subjected to different stocking densities and feeding strategies, in comparison with monoculture. Two experiments were performed, at the same time, in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates each. Treatments for experiment I were: monoculture with 10 shrimp per m² (10S:0T); polyculture with 10 shrimp and 0.5 tilapia per m² (10S:0.5T); and polyculture with 10 shrimp and 1 tilapia per m² (10S:1T). Shrimp was the main crop, and feed was provided based on shrimp biomass. Treatments for experiment II were: monoculture with 2 tilapia per m² (2T:0S); polyculture with 2 tilapia and 2.5 shrimp per m² (2T:2.5S); and polyculture with 2 tilapia and 5 shrimp per m² (2T:5S). Tilapia was the main crop, and feed was provided based on fish requirements. In the experiment I, tilapia introduction to shrimp culture resulted in lower shrimp growth and poor feed conversion rate. In experiment II, shrimp introduction to tilapia culture did not interfere with fish performance. Polyculture is more efficient with the combination of 2 tilapia and 2.5 or 5 shrimp per m² and feed based on fish requirements.
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Eva Mamahit, Juliet Merry. "Diversity and Abundance of Insects on Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) Plantation at Bolaang Mongondow District." International Journal of ChemTech Research 13, no. 2 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20902//ijctr.2019.130208.
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Bolaang Mongondow District is one of the centers of pineapple production in Indonesia that reside in province North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research was aimed to know diversity and abundance of insect in pineapple plantation, detect species evenness of insect in to type agroecosystem of pineapple with polyculture and monoculture systems. This research was carried out at pineapple plantation on Lobong village, Bolaang Mongondow District. Insect diversity was observation in pineapple plants will be done by using pith fall traps. The trapping was put in two land research locations that have different system that’s polyculture and monoculture agroecosystem. The sample from trapping was putted into the sample bottle was sorted and identified. The analysis was done to detect diversity of insect with measures index of diversity Shannon and index of evenness Shannon-Wiener. The result showed that biodiversity of insect on pineapple plant that applies cultivation polyculture system more various from in cultivation monoculture system. Total family of insect that found at polyculture land that were 17 families with totals 1614 individuals and monoculture 12 families with totals 1450 individuals. The Shannon and Evenness diversity index in plants with polyculture systems were 0.664 and 0.571 higher than in monoculture systems (0.571 and 0.206). All types of insects that were found both in pineapple plantations were polyculture and monocultures have almost the same level of evenness (E <1).The both of system agriculture for apply system polyculture also monoculture was found family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera be insect dominate of the area pineapple plantations.
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Basak, Arjit Kumar, Anik Talukdar, Md Moshiur Rahman, Amrita Shaha, Jesmin Ara, and Md Akhtar Hossain. "Growth, Survival and Cost-benefit Analyses of Nutrient Rich Small Indigenous Species in Carp Polyculture System under Barind Area in Rajshahi District of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research 24, no. 5 (August 17, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v24i5642.
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This study was conducted in Tanore upazila (sub district) of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh for a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019. Investigation was carried into the economics of polyculture of Indian major carps with small indigenous fish species (SIS) Shing (H. fossilis), Magur (C. batrachus), and Pabda (O. pabda). The species composition was carps with shing (T1), carps with Magur (T2), carps with Pabda (T3) and only carps (T4). The economic feasibility of four different combinations was analyzed on the basis of the expenditure incurred and total return from sale price of fish in the local market. The net benefits per hectare from 6 months culture period for T1, T2, T3 and T4 were Bangladesh currency (Taka) as BDT. 635730.42, 805548.25, 580948.95 and 291489.07, respectively which largely reflected the gross fish production levels of 7680.42 ± 6.68, 8324.94 ± 16.64, 7581.13 ± 24.94 and 6344.55 ± 10.30 kg ha-1. However, carp polyculture with Magur (T2) provided highest benefit (BDT. 805548.25 ha-1), followed by carps-shing polyculture (BDT. 635730.42/ha-1), carps-Pabda polyculture (BDT. 580948.95 ha-1) and only carps (BDT. 291489.07 ha-1). BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) was obtained highest in Carp-Magur polyculture, followed by carp-shing and carp-Pabda polyculture systems. So, Carp-Magur polyculture may be better as it has ensured better production of protein enriched SIS Magur and also economic point of view and this system is encouraging for rural people because they would get Magur regularly for consumption and carps as a cash crop.
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Turner, Kathryn G., Claire M. Lorts, Asnake T. Haile, and Jesse R. Lasky. "Effects of genomic and functional diversity on stand-level productivity and performance of non-native Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1937 (October 21, 2020): 20202041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2041.
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Biodiversity can affect the properties of groups of organisms, such as ecosystem function and the persistence of colonizing populations. Genomic data offer a newly available window to diversity, complementary to other measures like taxonomic or phenotypic diversity. We tested whether native genetic diversity in field experimental stands of Arabidopsis thaliana affected their aboveground biomass and fecundity in their colonized range. We constructed some stands of genotypes that we a priori predicted would differ in performance or show overyielding. We found no relationship between genetic diversity and stand total biomass. However, increasing stand genetic diversity increased fecundity in high-resource conditions. Polyculture (multiple genotype) stands consistently yielded less biomass than expected based on the yields of component genotypes in monoculture. This under-yielding was strongest in stands with late-flowering and high biomass genotypes, potentially due to interference competition by these genotypes. Using a new implementation of association mapping, we identified genetic loci whose diversity was associated with stand-level yield, revealing a major flowering time locus associated with under-yielding of polycultures. Our field experiment supports community ecology studies that find a range of diversity-function relationships. Nevertheless, our results suggest diversity in colonizing propagule pools can enhance population fitness. Furthermore, interference competition among genotypes differing in flowering time might limit the advantages of polyculture.
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Ariani, Eva, and Amzul Rifin. "ANALISIS USAHATANI KAKAO PADA DUA POLA TANAM POLIKULTUR." Forum Agribisnis 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.7.2.173-190.
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The Contributions of cocoa plantations to the profit of farmers is an important issue for the farm development. Cocoa plant is annual plant that can produce throughout the year. In Order to increase profit and Reduce the risk of crop failure, farmers applying polyculture pattern. Application of intercropping patterns on their farm has a linkage with the structure of the costs incurred to cultivate these plants.The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of income and efficiency of the two cropping pattern with the combination of 2 (cocoa and clove) and 3 (cocoa, clove, and coffee) commodities. The method of data collection conducted randomly collected as many as 49 farmers that working on 2 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern and 33 farmers that working on 3 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern. The analytical results showed that the farmers that working on 3 commodities using polyculture cropping pattern have low production level, income, and efficiency, but this polyculture system is still running continuously by the farmers, because it is profitable and has a good efficiency.
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Nainggolan, Putri Febrine, I. Wayan Arthana, and Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi. "A Comparison of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Cultivation in Monoculture and Polyculture Systems." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2022.v06.i01.p04.
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Seaweed is a commodity that has high economic value and benefits. The implementation of seaweed cultivation is quite short and the export market opportunities are wide open because the need for seaweed is quite large. This study aims to determine the growth rate of seaweed with monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems and the survival rate of abalone in polyculture cultivation. The research used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments and three replications. The cultivation system in this study was seaweed monoculture Eucheuma cottonii with an initial weight of 100 gr and 100gr seaweed polyculture with abalone Haliotis squamata, each polyculture culture net bag containing 50 abalones. The value of the specific growth rate of monoculture seaweed was 2.21%/day, lower than the specific growth rate of polyculture, which was 3.61%/day. T-test analysis showed the value of sig = 0.049 < = 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the treatment of monoculture cultivation and polyculture cultivation. The abalone growth rate value ranged from 0.78-0.91%/day and the abalone survival rate ranged from 68-76%. Changes in environmental conditions affect the condition of abalone and seaweed so that the survival value of abalone is quite low and seaweed is infected with an ice-ice disease which causes a decrease in seaweed weight gain in the final week of the study period.
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Somantri, Renny Utami, Syahri Syahri, and Tumarlan Thamrin. "Keragaan Agronomis dan Kelayakan Usahatani Kedelai yang Dibudidayakan Secara Monokultur dan Polikultur di Sumatera Selatan." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 8, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33230/jlso.8.2.2019.426.
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Somantri RU, Syahri S, Thamrin T. 2019. Agronomic and economic analysis of soybeans which is grew by monoculture and polyculture systems in South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):159-172. The presence of shade and other limiting factors in the crops of plantation plants will certainly affect the growth and soybean yield were compared by monoculture. The objective of the research was to know of agronomic performance and farming feasibility of soybeans which are cultivated by polyculture and monoculture systems. Soybeans were planted in two systems namely monoculture (soybean) and polyculture (soybean are intercropped with 3 years of rubber trees). Both of Dena 1 and Anjasmoro varieties were cropped in those systems. Soybeans are cropped by using planting machine (ATBJ) which has planting distance 20 cm x 40 cm (1-2 seeds per hole). Plants were fertilized with 50 kg Urea per ha, 150 kg TSP per ha, 150 kg KCl per ha, manure 2,000 kg per ha, and dolomite 1,000 kg per ha. Mower were used for harvesting. The results showed that the growth and soybean yield in monoculture system was better than the polyculture. Yield of Anjasmoro in monoculture was 15.35 ku per ha, whereas the polyculture was 4.72 ku per ha. Meanwhile, the productivity of Dena 1 was 14.80 ku per ha and 7.38 ku per ha in polyculture system. The polyculture had a higher value of the land equivalent ratio than monoculture of rubber trees. Economically, the two planting systems that were examined also deserve to be done by farmers, where the value R/C > 1
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Hisano, Hamilton, Phillipe T. L. Barbosa, Liliam A. Hayd, and Cristiano C. Mattioli. "Evaluation of Nile tilapia in monoculture and polyculture with giant freshwater prawn in biofloc technology system and in recirculation aquaculture system." International Aquatic Research 11, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40071-019-00242-2.
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Abstract Biofloc technology system (BFT), recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) and polyculture promote efficient use of water, area and nutrient recycling, which are essential practices for sustainable aquaculture development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, feed efficiency, biofloc composition and water quality of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in monoculture and polyculture with giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1906) in BFT and RAS, over a period of 30 days. Fish (n = 128; 7.29 ± 0.67 g) were distributed randomly in 16 experimental tanks (8 fish/tank). Prawn (n = 96; 0.50 ± 0.09 g) were allocated in 8 experimental tanks (12 prawn/tank) in a polyculture. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments with four replicates each, in a factorial design 2 × 2 (BFT and RAS vs. monoculture and polyculture). The experimental diet (28% of digestible protein; 3100 kcal kg−1 of digestible energy) was used both to fish and prawn in BFT and RAS. There was significant effect (p < 0.01) of the system and the culture for weight gain, apparent feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. The average weight gain and apparent feed conversion of tilapia in monoculture (30.04 g and 1.39) and in polyculture (36.44 g and 1.27) were superior (p < 0.01) in BFT than in monoculture (23.64 g and 1.74) and in polyculture (24.14 g and 1.61) in RAS. Weight gain and survival of giant freshwater prawn was superior (p < 0.01) in BFT (0.43 g and 87%) compared to RAS (0.26 g and 79%). The data showed that BFT provides better growth performance responses in monoculture for Nile tilapia and in polyculture with giant freshwater prawn compared to RAS.
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Ly, Khanh Van, David Kamau Murungu, Dung Phuong Nguyen, and Ngoc Anh Thi Nguyen. "Effects of Different Densities of Sea Grape Caulerpa lentillifera on Water Quality, Growth and Survival of the Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Polyculture System." Fishes 6, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6020019.
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The integrated aquaculture-seaweed system has been identified as a bio-mitigation strategy to overcome environmental damage, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, maintain good water quality, and ensure the system’s sustainability. This study was conducted to determine the appropriate density of sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in the same culture tank. Five treatments were randomly designed in triplicate tanks where shrimp was monocultured (without sea grape) as a control treatment and four polyculture treatments with different seaweed density levels (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kg m−3) for 56 days. The results showed that polyculture of shrimp and sea grape significantly reduced the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), and phosphate (PO43−) in the rearing tanks and significantly improved (p < 0.05) the growth rate (6.67–6.76% day−1), survival (73.3–78.5%), and production of shrimp (3.44–3.87 kg m−3) compared to monoculture (6.24% day−1, 54.8%, and 2.02 kg m−3, respectively). Applying shrimp and sea grape polyculture at a density of 1 kg m−3 provided a relatively better shrimp performance and feed conversion ratio than other seaweed densities, although not significantly different among polyculture treatments. The findings suggested that sea grape could be used at densities of 0.5–2 kg m−3 in polyculture with whiteleg shrimp, of which 1 kg m−3 resulted in higher production and feed efficiency.
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Loomis, Robert S. "Perils of production with perennial polycultures." Outlook on Agriculture 51, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00307270211063910.
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Perennial grains and polyculture were proposed ( Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20 (1), March 2005) as alternatives to annual grain systems. The authors criticized current annual systems as unsustainable and pointed to native prairies as a model sustainable system with no added input and little negative environmental impact. That portrayal is short-sighted. All previous efforts to breed perennial grains have resulted in crops incapable of supporting both a perennial life-habit and grain yield sufficient to address food needs. Analyses of production/uptake and partitioning of C and N resources within perennial crops confirm that a trade-off between the C and N needs of perennation and grain yield will limit efforts to create productive perennial grains. As a result, incorporating perennial life-habit into grain crops would severely constrain world food production unless the area put to farming was greatly increased. In addition, pest- and risk- management problems, which escalate when sanitizing benefits of crop rotation are abandoned, are exacerbated in polyculture. Although grains contain only small concentrations of nutrients, the amounts exported in crop yields are large. If yield is to be maintained, external inputs are essential, regardless of life-habit. Polycultures of perennial grains are seen to have little potential for producing sufficient food to serve as alternatives for current production systems.
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Zhu, Hui, Qing-wei Zhou, Bai-xing Yan, Yin-xiu Liang, Xiang-fei Yu, Yoram Gerchman, and Xian-wei Cheng. "Influence of vegetation type and temperature on the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 3 (November 23, 2017): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.556.
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Abstract In this study, the influence of vegetation type and environmental temperature on performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) was investigated. Results of vegetation types indicated that the removal of most nutrients in polyculture was greater than those in monoculture and unplanted control. The greatest removal percentages of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in polyculture were 98.7%, 98.5%, and 92.6%, respectively. In experiments of different temperatures, the removal percentages of NH4+-N, NO3−-N, TN and TP in all CWs tended to decrease with the decline of temperature. Especially, a sharp decline in the removal percentages of NO3−-N (decreased by above 13.8%) and TN (decreased by above 7.9%) of all CWs was observed at low temperature (average temperature of 8.9 °C). Overall, the performance of CWs was obviously influenced by temperature, and the polyculture still showed best performance in the removal of nitrogen when the average temperature dropped to 19.8 °C. Additionally, the variations of urease activities in rhizosphere soil tended to decrease with the decreasing temperature. Overall, a substantial enhancement for nitrogen and TP removal in polyculture (Canna indica + Lythrum salicaria) was observed. In conclusion, CW cultivated with polyculture was a good strategy for enhancing nutrient removal when temperature was above 19.8 °C.
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Sucianto, Eddy Tri, and Muachiroh Abbas. "Diversity of Pathogenic Fungi and Disease on Vegetable Crops at Polyculture Systems." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.26987.
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Vegetables polyculture system is potentially increasing pathogenic fungi diversity because various plant hosts are available. There is no data about patogenic fungi diversity at polyculture vegetable farming in Serang village, District of Karangreja, Purbalingga Regency. This study aimed to determine patogenic fungal diversity and disease percentage caused by the fungi at polyculture vegetable farming in Serang village, District of Karangreja, Purbalingga Regency. This research used purposive random sampling. Infected plants were collected at ten polyculture farming locations and fungal identification was performed at the laboratory. Fungi were identified morphologically based on the signs, symptoms, as well as macroscopic and microscopic characters. The fungi's pathogenity was determined by applying Koch's postulate test. The data were analyzed descriptively through literature comparison. The results showed that seven fungal species were found at polyculture farms in Serang Village. The obtained fungi were Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Septoria sp., Cercospora sp., Botryodiplodia sp., and Nigrospora sp. The lowest damage was 18.24% on tomato fruit infected by Fusarium sp. and the highest was on chili plants which was caused by Colletotrichum sp. The data is the first report for polycuture system. The obtained data has important implication for the management of vegetables farming in Serang Village.
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Mansour, Abdallah Tageldein, Belal Wagih Allam, Tarek Mohamed Srour, Eglal Ali Omar, Abdel Aziz Mousa Nour, and Hala Saber Khalil. "The Feasibility of Monoculture and Polyculture of Striped Catfish and Nile Tilapia in Different Proportions and Their Effects on Growth Performance, Productivity, and Financial Revenue." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060586.
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Cultivation of species of high growth rates is a key achievement of sustainable aquaculture development, with the aim of increasing animal protein per capita, maintaining food security and preserving freshwater usage. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of monoculture and polyculture of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in different proportions and their effect on growth performance, survival, productivity, feed utilization, body composition, and financial revenue. Five experimental treatments were designed as follows: monoculture of striped catfish (100%), Nile tilapia (100%) and polyculture in different proportions of striped catfish and Nile tilapia (25%:75%; 50%:50%; 75%:25%, respectively), each in three replicates. The fish feeding regime consisted of isonitrogenous (307.80 g kg−1) and isocaloric (19.27 kJ g−1) diets for 14 weeks. The results revealed that the highest growth performance, feed utilization, survival of striped catfish were obtained in monoculture, followed by polyculture of striped catfish and Nile tilapia (in low proportions) (75%:25%). The total production per m3 reached 5.41 kg m−3 in the monoculture of striped catfish, this production decreased in polyculture by 52%, 46% and 23% with 25%; 50%; 75% of striped catfish. The gross margin significantly increased, in case of striped catfish farmed in monoculture, compared to other polyculture proportions. While the gross margin per m−3 of water was 6, 0.5, 1 and 3 $ in monoculture and different polyculture proportions, respectively. Moreover, the feed cost per kilogram of protein gain significantly decreased in the monoculture of striped catfish compared to other polyculture treatments. The growth performance and survival of tilapia showed no significant difference among different treatments. In addition, the proximate chemical composition did not differ in respect to species in different studied treatments. Monoculture of striped catfish is recommended to achieve high production and improve financial revenue per water unit (m−3), for better sustainable development of aquaculture.
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De Oliveira, Juliana, Jhonatah Albuquerque Gomes, Lorena Abdalla de Oliveira Prata Guimarães, Lorenza Bandeira de Paula, Joab Luhan Ferreira Pedrosa, and Fábio Luiz De Oliveira. "POLYCULTIVATION AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IMPACT THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF VEGETABLES." REVISTA DE AGRICULTURA NEOTROPICAL 10, no. 4 (October 6, 2023): e7544. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v10i4.7544.
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This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the performance of vegetable production in different agrobiodiverse cropping systems, comparing two successive agroforestry systems (SAFS) with a non-tree vegetables polyculture. The experiment was conducted in an experimental design in randomized blocks, with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of two SAFS with biological diversity: one SAFS with fruit trees (SAFS-F) and another with conilon coffee (SAFS-C), in addition to the non-tree vegetables polyculture (SC-H). The results showed that, on average, the agroforestry systems had a lower performance than the non-tree vegetables polyculture. However, the vegetables submitted to the non-tree polyculture and to the agroforestry system with fruit trees had a better vegetative growth, while the vegetables cultivated in agroforestry system with coffee did not show satisfactory results in the evaluated parameters. This study contributes to the development of sustainable agricultural production technologies, seeking solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change on agriculture.
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Sari, Dewi Mulia, Wan Abbas Zakaria, Lidya Sari Mas Indah, Yuliana Saleh, and Amanda Putra Seta. "Kinerja Usahatani Perkebunan Kakao Monokultur dan Polikultur di Kecamatan Gedong Tataan Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 11, no. 3 (November 29, 2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v11i3.8244.
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Cocoa is one of the leading plantation commodities in Lampung Province. This commodity has contributed high export value in raw form and has become the main raw material in various agro-industries. The main cocoa production center in Lampung Province is Pesawaran. All cocoa plantations in Pesawaran Regency are smallholder plantations. Smallholder plantations have an important and strategic role, especially in increasing income and providing employment for the community. There are two research objectives. First, to analyze the performance level of monoculture and polyculture cocoa plantations in Gedong Tataan Sub-district, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. Secondly, to analyze the difference on the profit levels of cocoa plantations with monoculture and polyculture in Gedong Tataan Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The research location was selected purposively by the consideration that Sungai Langka Village is the main cocoa bean producer in Gedong Tataan Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency. The research was conducted by a survey method, in which samples of 34 cocoa farmers were chosen by simple random sampling technique. The results showed that R/C ratio on total costs obtained by cocoa farmers with monoculture cropping pattern is 2.97. Meanwhile, the highest level of R/C ratio on total costs of polyculture is the cocoa-coffee-durian cropping pattern (3.69). There was no significant difference between performance of monoculture and on polyculture cocoa plantations. Key words: cocoa, monoculture, polyculture, performance
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Karlopia, Sanjeev Kumar, Yahya Bakhtiyar, and Seema Langer. "Comparison of the Growth Potential of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Mono and Polyculture Conditions in Earthen Culture Ponds of Jammu, India." Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health 19, no. 3&4 (December 26, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jeoh/2019/23499.
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The study was conducted to assess the growth and survival of <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> in earthen culture ponds in order to know about the growth potential of <em>M. rosenbergii</em> in mono as well as polyculture conditions in Jammu. Polyculture experiments of prawn with some selected carps Indian Major Carps (<em>Cirrhinus mrigala</em> and <em>Labeo rohita</em>) and Exotic Carps (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) were undertaken in 3 freshwater ponds for duration of 4 months. Under the monoculture conditions, prawns attained an average size of 10.40 ± 0.17 cm weighing 23.84 ± 0.32 g in 4 months and the survival rate was found to be more than 75%. The growth rate of prawns was found to increase steadily during the first half (upto mid-October) after which a decline in the growth rate was evident as the mean temperature reached below 18°C. In the polyculture ponds the prawns attained an average size of 10.10 ± 0.03 cm weighing 18.39 ± 0.89g (without<em> C. carpio</em>) and 8.4 ± 0.36 cm weighing 15.23 ± 0.36 g (with <em>C. carpio</em>) in 4 months and their survival rate was less than 70%. Prawns being benthic feeders utilized the leftover food (of the fishes) that settled at the bottom, therefore, saving the feed cost. It was observed that mean size of the fish attained in the polyculture practice was almost similar to that obtained in the monoculture. The ideal prawn polyculture should be practiced with fast growing compatible carps such as Rohu and grass carp. Bottom feeder carps such as Mrigal (<em>C. mrigala</em>) should be avoided in prawn polyculture practice as they compete with prawns in feeding.
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Miftakhul Huda, Said Abdussyahid, and Heru Susilo. "Analysis of Polyculture Farm Cultivation Business and the Level of Welfare of Farmers in Muara Sembilang Family, Samboja District Kutai Kartanegara Regency." Jurnal Pembangunan Perikanan dan Agribisnis 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jppa.v8i1.30.
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This study analyzes the brackish water pond polyculture system's business feasibility and identifies fish farmers' welfare level. This study was carried out in Muara Sembilang village located in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The twenty fish farmers were selected as respondents by using the purposive sampling method. Data were examined by applying business analysis and fish farmer term of trade (NTPi) methods. Results showed that the average income of the brackish water pond polyculture system's business IDR1.950.701.047 per year. Also, fish farmers' welfare level using NTPi value indicated a value of 2.60 for household income and a value of 2.47 for fisheries business income, implying fish farmers' welfare level was very well.
Keywords: income, welfare, polyculture, fish farmer term of trade.
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Pai, Wei-Tse, Christian Schafferer, Jie-Min Lee, Li-Ming Ho, Yung-Hsiang Lu, Han-Chung Yang, and Chun-Yuan Yeh. "Effect of Culture Period and Stocking Density on Input Demand and Scale Economies of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Polycultures with White Shrimp (Penaeus indicus)." Fishes 7, no. 3 (May 11, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7030110.
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Milkfish, Chanos chanos, is one of the major inland cultured fish species in Taiwan. Variations in land resources and climate have led to the application of two distinct culture practices of milkfish polycultures with white shrimp, Penaeus indicus. This study applies a translog cost function model to analyze the production scale economy and input demand price elasticity of four milkfish polyculture systems with two different culture periods (OWC and NOWC) and two different white shrimp–milkfish fry stocking ratios (low SMR: 10–55 fry/ha; high SMR: 56–100 fry/ha). The findings show that the four milkfish polyculture systems require different operational adjustments to increase production while reducing the average culture cost. More specifically, overwinter cultures (OWC) have economies of scale. Farmers may reduce the average cost by expanding the production scale. Non-overwinter polycultures (NOWC) with high SMR are at the stage of decreasing return to scale, meaning that gains in output of milkfish cannot reduce the average cost. In terms of input factor use, farmers of OWC systems with high SMR are sensitive to fluctuations in the fry price since fry constitutes the input factor exhibiting the highest own-price elasticity. Moreover, fry and feed of OWC households with high SMR have high levels of substitutability, whereas fry and other input exhibit substitutability in OWC systems with low SMR. In NOWC farming households with high SMR, fry and capital have substitutability. It is thus recommended to modify the input factor use according to the culture mode and the white shrimp–milkfish stocking density ratio. Moreover, the study found that NOWCs have considerably higher SMR than OWCs, which may lead to a deterioration of the water quality in NOWC fishponds and lower survival rates. It is thus recommended to reduce the SMR to 31:1 to achieve economies of scale in production and increase the survival rate of milkfish and white shrimp.
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Husain, Tsalis Kurniawan, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, and Jamhari Jamhari. "Analisis Perbandingan Keuntungan dan Risiko Usaha Perikanan Rakyat Sistem Monokultur dan Polikultur di Kabupaten Pangkep." Agro Ekonomi 27, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.23184.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze and compare the cost, profit, and risk of monoculture and polyculture fisheries system in Pangkep Regency. The sample collection uses the snowball sampling method. There are 80 fish farmers who were interviewed in this research. The cost and income is analyzed by income analysis, while to measure the level of business risk, Coefficients Variation (CV) analysis is used. To test the hypothesis, analysis of z distribution test is used. The research results show that the fishing cost and income of polyculture system is larger than monoculture system, where the cost of each is Rp 14.722.597 and Rp 13.191.880 respectively, while their profit is Rp 10.285.066 and Rp 6.710.486 each. Polyculture system has cost risk, revenue risk and profit risk is lower than monoculture system with large value of Coefficients Variation (CV) each by 0,11; 0,29 and 0,56 for polyculture system and 0.12; 0,37 and 0,88 for monoculture system. The results of the hypothesis showed that there is difference in cost of, revenue, and profit between poliyculture and monoculture system while there is no significance difference for cost risk, revenue risk and profit risk.
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Dolorosa, Eva, Masyhuri, Lestari, and Jamhari. "SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERY POND POLYCULTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MANGROVE INTEGRATION." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.28930/jitkt.v8i2.15832.
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This research aims to analyze the sustainability of two types of fishery pond polyculture of milkfish-tiger shrimp with and without mangrove integration on small-scale farms. Sustainability dimensions considered in this research included are the ecology, economy, social-culture, technology-infrastructure, and laws-institutions as the dimensions analyzed. The performance of each aspect was analyzed by using Multi-dimensional scaling (Rapfish) and leverage analysis. The result shows that the current multidimensional sustainability status of the fishery pond polyculture both with and without mangrove integration was less sustainable (sustainability index of 44.98 and 36.18 respectively). The result of leverage analysis indicates that out of 73 attributes, there were 16 and 23 sensitive attributes respectively that affect the sustainability of polyculture fishpond with and without mangrove integration. These attributes should be managed immediately in order to improve the sustainability index of fishery pond polyculture, this includes organic pesticides application, source of capital, the availability of seeds of milkfish and tiger shrimp, market location, selling price, waste treatment technology, availability of agribusiness facilities and infrastructure, aquaculture technology, information technology, standardizing the quality of fishery products, availability of micro finance institution and others.
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Dolorosa, Eva, Masyhuri, Lestari, and Jamhari. "SUSTAINABILITY OF FISHERY POND POLYCULTURE WITH AND WITHOUT MANGROVE INTEGRATION." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v8i2.15832.
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This research aims to analyze the sustainability of two types of fishery pond polyculture of milkfish-tiger shrimp with and without mangrove integration on small-scale farms. Sustainability dimensions considered in this research included are the ecology, economy, social-culture, technology-infrastructure, and laws-institutions as the dimensions analyzed. The performance of each aspect was analyzed by using Multi-dimensional scaling (Rapfish) and leverage analysis. The result shows that the current multidimensional sustainability status of the fishery pond polyculture both with and without mangrove integration was less sustainable (sustainability index of 44.98 and 36.18 respectively). The result of leverage analysis indicates that out of 73 attributes, there were 16 and 23 sensitive attributes respectively that affect the sustainability of polyculture fishpond with and without mangrove integration. These attributes should be managed immediately in order to improve the sustainability index of fishery pond polyculture, this includes organic pesticides application, source of capital, the availability of seeds of milkfish and tiger shrimp, market location, selling price, waste treatment technology, availability of agribusiness facilities and infrastructure, aquaculture technology, information technology, standardizing the quality of fishery products, availability of micro finance institution and others.
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Tambalque III, Hermogenes, Maripaz Perez, Plutomeo Nieves, Valeriano Corre, Jude Duarte, Neil Pulido, Henry Dejarme, Dennis Tanay, and Len Garces. "Challenges and Opportunities for Giant Freshwater Prawn Culture through Participatory Learning and Fish Farmer Engagements." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 12, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2015.12.1.3.
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This paper provides a review of on-farm studies conducted to explore the viability of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, locally known as ulang), culture in six regions in the Philippines. We adopted a participatory action learning approach aimed at improving pond productivity through engagement of 17 small-scale fish-farmer cooperators to adopt different ulang culture systems—ulang monoculture, ulang-rice polyculture, and ulang-tilapia polyculture. This paper focuses on comparing the production and profitability of ulang monoculture and ulang-tilapia polyculture. The cooperators were guided to follow proper protocols in pond preparation, feeding, and water management. Results showed an average survival rate of 65 percent for ulang monoculture; and 59 percent and 77 percent survival rates for ulang and tilapia in polyculture system, respectively. The major problems encountered across regions were unavailability of post-larvae; distance of post-larvae source; water availability; presence of predators; and inconsistent implementation of technical interventions by the cooperators. This paper also presents research and policy recommendations toward sustainable development of freshwater prawn culture which include establishment of a network of hatcheries and broodstock development; technology promotion and extensions services; and improving value chains and market strategy.
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Rahim, Andi Rahmad, Ummul Firmani, and Nur Maulida Safitri. "Quality of Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenf. (Rhodophyta) Seaweed with Polyculture System." International Journal on Algae 26, no. 1 (2023): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v26.i1.50.
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An important factor in the cultivation of <i>Gracilaria verrucosa</i> seaweed in extensive polyculture ponds is (i) the determination of the right density of polyculture commodities (ii) the provision of fertilizers as nutrients to support the life of seaweed and (iii) maintenance of the pond soil as a reservoir of nutrients and to maintain the stability of the pond during the cultivation process. These important factors are indicators of success in polyculture activities of extensive ponds in producing optimal quality agar rendement, viscosity, and gel strength. This research was conducted at ponds using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of 3 treatments and 3 replicates; treatment A (best density + no vermicompost fertilizer + pond soil substrate), B (best density + vermicompost fertilizer + pond soil substrate), and C (best density + vermicompost fertilizer + no pond soil substrate). The treatments in this study had a significant effect on growth, number of cells, carbon content, and quality of agar viscosity of seaweed <i>G. verrucosa</i> in extensive ponds with polyculture systems.
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Soedibja, Petrus Hary Tjahja, Endang Hilmi, Isdy Sulystio, Florencius Eko Dwi Haryono, and Hanan Hassan Alsheikh Mahmoud. "Role of Natural Food in Enhancing the Productivity of Saline Nile Tilapia in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Brackish Water Culture." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.28.2.125-135.
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Saline Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forskal, 1775) polyculture systems in brackish water culture require natural food to sustain their brackish water fish production. Brackish water culture of Saline Nile Tilapia is developed to improve the productivity of abandoned shrimp or crab pond. At present, there are no studies examining the potential of natural food to improve the productivity of these polyculture systems in the brackish water pond located in Tritih Kulon Village, Cilacap, Central Java. To assess the availability of this food source, the diversity and abundance of plankton in the water body were evaluated through analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze plankton diversity in the water body and the relationship between plankton abundance as a natural feed and saline Nile Tilapia productivity in the brackish water polyculture. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were identified according the plankton characteristic available in the references. The results showed that 21 planktons, comprising 12 phytoplankton species and 9 zooplankton groups, were identified. In spite of low plankton diversity, however, this study proved that the plankton abundance positively supported Saline Nile tilapia productivity in the polyculture system with milkfish, as indicated by low mortality (17,5 ±8,59 %; R2= 0.825-0.908), absolute high weight gain (208.2 ± 22,5 gr; R2= 0.881-0.874), and high specific growth (2,28 ± 0.77 % day-1; R2= 0.87-0.91). The productivity of Saline Nile Tilapia in brackish water polyculture with milkfish is supported by the availability of natural food, with 5.95 to 18.50% of their gut content obtained from plankton.
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Depari, Efratenta Katherina, P. B. A. Nugroho, Yansen Yansen, and Saprinurdin Saprinurdin. "PERTUMBUHAN AWAL KAYU BAWANG (Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume) DENGAN SISTEM POLIKULTUR KELAPA DAN POLIKULTUR KELAPA SAWIT Early Growth of Kayu Bawang (Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume) in Polyculture System with Coconut and Oil Palm." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 5, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v5i3.4786.
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Kayu bawang (Dysoxylum mollissimum Blume) adalah tanaman penghasil kayu yang paling dominan digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu pertukangan dan furnitur di Bengkulu. Umumnya di Bengkulu, kayu bawang telah ditanam dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman pertanian. Namun, evaluasi pertumbuhan awal dari kayu bawang dengan sistem polikultur kelapa dan polikultur kelapa sawit belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan persentase hidup dari tanaman kayu bawang dan perbandingan pertumbuhan awal antara bibit kayu bawang umur 4 dan 6 bulan dengan sistem polikultur kelapa dan polikultur kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Riak Siabun I, Kabupaten Seluma, Provinsi Bengkulu. Persentase hidup dan persentase tanaman normal dari tanaman kayu bawang disajikan secara deskriptif. Data pertumbuhan awal diameter dan tinggi tanaman kayu bawang pada ke dua sistem polikultur menggunakan analisis uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kayu bawang yang ditanam dari bibit umur 4 dan 6 bulan dengan sistem polikultur kelapa memiliki presentase hidup dan persentase tanaman normal yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sistem polikultur kelapa sawit. Persentase hidup dan jumlah tanaman normal dari bibit kayu bawang umur 6 bulan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bibit dari umur 4 bulan pada kedua sistem polikultur. Terdapat perbedaan pertumbuhan awal diameter dan tinggi kayu bawang pada satu tahun setelah tanam antara sistem polikultur kelapa dan polikultur kelapa sawit. Pertumbuhan awal diameter dan tinggi kayu bawang dengan sistem polikultur kelapa lebih baik daripada polikultur kelapa sawit.Kata kunci: pertumbuhan; kayu bawang; sistem polikultur; kelapa; kelapa sawitKayu bawang (Dysoxylum mollssimum Blume) is the most commonly used for construction wood and furniture in Bengkulu. In Bengkulu Kayu bawang is frequently planted in a polyculture system with other agricultural crops. The evaluation of kayu bawang early growth planted in polyculture system with coconut and oil palm has never been done so far. The objectives of this study were to investigate the survival rate and growth of 4 and 6 month old seedlings of kayu bawang in polyculture system with coconut and with oil palm. The study was conducted at Riak Siabun I village in Seluma Regency, Bengkulu Province. The survival rate of kayu bawang from both polyculture systems was presented and analysed. Diameter and height of seedlings were analysed and compared using t-test. The result showed that 4 and 6 month old seedlings of kayu bawang in polyculture with coconut had higher survival rate and were healthier than those in polyculture with oil palm. Six month-old seedlings of kayu bawang had higher survival rate and were healthier than the 4 month old seedlings. In conclusion, after one year of planting, kayu bawang planted in polyculture system with coconut had better growth than that in polyculture system with oil palm.